Chap 01

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2003

Chapter 1 Introduction to Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition

Windows Server 2003 Platforms • Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition • Windows Server 2003, Web Edition • Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition • Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition 2

Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition • For the everyday needs of small to large businesses – – – – –

File and print services Secure Internet connectivity Centralized management of network resources Supports up to two processors on an SMP computer Can utilize up to 4 GB of RAM

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Windows Server 2003, Web Edition • For hosting and deploying Web services and applications – Supports up to two processors – Can utilize up to 2 GB of RAM – Optimized to run Microsoft Internet Information Services 6.0 – Cannot manage network resources via hosting Active Directory 4

Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition • For networks requiring high-end servers and a high level of productivity – Supports up to eight processors – Supports up to 32 GB for x86 computers and up to 64 GB for Itanium computers – Enables clustering of up to eight computer nodes – Supports hot-add memory – Provides Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) and Microsoft Metadirectory Services 5

Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition • For environments with critical applications, very large databases, and a high level of information access – Support eight to 32 processors – Eight-node clustering capacity – Can utilize 64 GB for x86 computers and 128 GB for Itanium processors – Supports hot-add memory – Designed for large database applications 6

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Windows XP Professional XP Professional is the client workstation most compatible with Windows Server 2003. – Achieves a lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than other operating systems – Features automatic installation and configuration controlled by Windows Server 2003 – Compatible with Active Directory, a management database • •

A client is a computer that accesses resources on another computer. A workstation is a computer with its own CPU 8

Windows Server 2003 Features • Centralized Administration and Management of Resources – Active Directory service manages network resources. – Objects stored in Active Directory are easily accessible to all users. – Objects are grouped into units, domains, trees, forests, and sites. – Remote system administration through one central location 9

Windows 2003 Features • Security – – – – –

File and folder permissions Security policies Encryption and authentication Event auditing Server management and monitoring tools

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Windows 2003 Features • Scalability and Compatibility – – – –

Scales to multiple processors Supports multiple user connections Up to 15,000 in the Standard Edition Compatible with many different operating systems and platforms • IBM, Novell, UNIX, Linux, Banyan, DEC, Macintosh 11

Windows 2003 Features • Reliability – Kernel runs in privileged mode – Legacy applications run within a virtual DOS machine – Multitasking support • Ability to run multiple programs at the same time • Preemptive multitasking separates each program’s memory areas

– Multithreading support • Ability to run several program code blocks at the same time 12

Windows 2003 Features • Distributability – Divides computer functions across many computers – Uses the Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) • Software components can communicate over a network. • Software applications can be integrated across several computers. 13

Windows 2003 Features • Fault Tolerance and Recovery – – – – –

Recovery from hard disk failure through RAID Protection from data loss through backup Recovery from system configuration errors Protection from power outages Advanced warning about system and hardware problems

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Planning a Windows Server 2003 Networking Model • Networks are communications systems linking computers and their resources. – Physically connected by cables or wireless devices – Can be local or worldwide

• Windows Server 2003 implements two types of networks. – Peer-to-peer networking – Server-based networking 15

Peer-to-peer Networking • •

• •

•

Designed for ten or less workstations Only moderate network security – Users manage their own account information. No centralized storage of information No centralized administration control – Lack of management for users and critical files – Inability to centrally back up important files Slower response times when sharing resources

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Server-based Networking • • • • • • • • •

Users log in once to access resources. Stronger security because of server management Shared files by members Shared printers and other resources E-mail capability through an email server Applications stored in a central location Backups scheduled and performed from a central location Shared resources can reflect the work patterns of subgroups. More efficient software upgrades

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Protocols for the Windows Server 2003 Networking Model • (TCP/IP) suite is most widely used. – TCP • Provides connectionoriented communication • Sequencing, data flow, open/close sessions

– IP • Provides network addressing • Routes data over different networks • A router reads IP addresses and forwards packets to the appropriate network.

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IP Addresses • 32-bits long, with four fields of decimal values representing 8-bit binary octets – Example: 10000001.00000101.00001010.01100100 converts to 129.5.10.100 in decimal format

• Divided into a network identifier and a host identifier – Example: 192.168.1.40 is host 40 on subnet 198.162.1

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IP Addresses (cont.) • Types of transmission – Unicast: Sent from a server to each requesting client – Multicast: Sent once from the server and reaching all requesting clients – Broadcast: Sent to all points in a network 20

Default Gateway & Subnet Masks

• Default Gateway – IP address of the network router that connect to other networks – Used when the destination computer is on another network

• Subnet masks – Divide a network into sub-networks – Show the class of address – Example: Subnet mask for class A addresses: 255.0.0.0 21

IP Address Considerations • 127.0.0.0 cannot be used for any network. • 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address. • Certain addresses are reserved for private network use (see Table 1-2). • Network numbers cannot be assigned to a computer. • The highest number on a network is reserved for broadcast messages. 22

Name Resolution • Computers are usually referred to by name rather than IP address. – NetBIOS names are used on older Windows-based systems. • Use Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) or LMHosts files for resolution.

– TCP/IP networks use the Domain Name System (DNS). • Windows servers offer Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) for resolution. 23

Physical Addresses and the Address Resolution Protocol • Each workstation network interface card (NIC) has a physical address called the media access control (MAC) address. • Local delivery of packets relies on MAC address – a host must be able to determine the MAC address for every IP it wants to communicate with – MAC addresses are obtained using the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). 24

Implementing TCP/IP in Windows Server 2003 • Installed by default in Windows Server 2003 • Protocol of choice • NetBEUI no longer supported • Decide on static or dynamic addressing

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Dynamic Addressing • Requires a DHCP Server (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) • DHCP saves administrative effort by assigning the following: – – – –

IP address Subnet mask Default gateway DNS server

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Automatic Private IP Addressing • If there is no DHCP server, an IP address in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 is assigned. • The computer can only communicate with others on the same network that are automatically configured. • Disable automatic configuration through the registry, but use caution.

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Static Addressing • Use static addressing for routers, servers and other critical devices – Static addressing can be done manually, but is error prone

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