Ch -9 Pabx Systemxxx
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9. Private Automatic Telephone Based Exchange (PABX) System System Specification Connection system Maintenance and Failure Detection
Communication Technology Process of delivering information from one destination to another destination by using code and storan system. There is 4 category of communication : 1. Audio freq - In range of 10Hz to 20kHz 2. Visual – visible material 3. Graphic – producing information in picture form 4. Electronic – base on effect of electron flow
Private Automatic Branch/Telephone Exchange (PABX) There is 2 types of telephone swithing board : 1. PMBX 2. PABX 1. PMBX Originally an organization's manual switchboard (operated by a person plugging cables into sockets) was known as a PMBX (Private Manual Branch Exchange). Based from original system PMBX (Private Manual Branch Exchange) – where the contacted no. is connected manually by the operator. 2. PABX PABX is an electronic switching systems that replace the manual & electromechanical switching system. PABX system able to conduct call @ call distribution automatically with operator @ in direct (w/out operator) if the extension no. available. In addition to telephone sets, fax machines, modems and many other communication devices can be connected to a PBX as well (although the PBX may degrade line quality for modems). All such devices are generally referred to as extensions.
A telephone operator manually connected calls with patch cables at a telephone switchboard. Computers make most connections now. •
PABX Functions
Basically, PABX performs three main duties: 1. Establishing connections (circuits) between the telephone sets of two users. Main switching controller that connect & disconnect telephone connection in a department or office. (i.e. mapping a dialed number to a physical phone, ensuring the phone isn't already busy) 2. Maintaining such connections as long as the users require them. (i.e. channeling voice signals between the users) 3. Providing information for accounting purposes (i.e. metering calls) In addition to these basic functions, PABXs offer many other capabilities, depend to the manufacturers providing different features : - Auto Attendant - Speed dialling - Voice mail - Call transfer - Music on hold - Call waiting - Call forwarding on busy - Conference call
A. Specification for PABX design 1.
2. 3.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Should follow spec as below :Min. control panel with capability to be connected to PABX/ normal telephone, direct call (emergency call) w/out operator & connection to PA system. Digitally design. Easy to handle modification in user data base ( using software application) with no intterruption to other services. Able to conduct internal call or feed the connection outside to the public telephone network @ to the other PABX network. Power supply – DC (48V) @ AC supply. Able to conduct manually (operator) or automatically. Attached with port for connection to ISDN PRI (Primary Rate Interface) network. Power supply to customer telephone should supply by the PABX system.
Operator Computer ISDN PRI Line
Rangkaian PSTN/ISDN
PABX
Telephone
Fax
PABX connection system in private area
PABX system connected to the normal telephone network (PSTN-Public Switch Telephone Network) pass through the ISDN PRI (Integrated Services Digital Network – Primary Rate Interface) User can make internal call without passing through the operator by dialling the last 3 @ 4 no. depand to the setting made in the system. Calls on a key system are made by selecting a specific outgoing line and dialing the external number; calls on a PBX are made by dialing 9 (or 0 in some systems) followed by the external number; an outgoing trunk line is automatically selected upon which to complete the call. External call (in/out to private area) will be controlled by operator. ISDN PRI that is used for connection between PABX to PSTN have a capacity 2.014Mbps that have 30 channel & capable to conduct 30 traffic/call even for telephone, fax or dial up internet in the same time.
The no. of PABX user not only 30 user even the external outline can conduct max. 30 traffic in a time.
If in one time the user exceed max 30 user, the 31st user will have to wait until the active user disconnect the line.
However, there is no limit for internal call. It’s depend to the capability of the PABX system itself.
Nowdays, the existing public telephone network in Malaysia is supply by TM and Maxis.
Pejabat Cawangan 1
Rangkaian PSTN PABX
Pejabat Cawangan 2 Pejabat Utama Pejabat Cawangan 3
PABX connection system for private / branch network
PABX system also can be use for connection between the headquarters office and the branch office by using the ISDN line . The branch office user can communicate with their collegue by dialling the last 3 @ 4 no. only. In addition, a limited number of outside lines (called trunk lines) are usually available for making and receiving calls external to the site (i.e. to the public telephone network). Companies with multiple sites can connect their PBXs together with trunk lines. PBX services can also be provided by equipment located off site at a central provider, delivering services over the public telephone network. This is known as a hosted PBX. For example, most local phone companies offer a Centrax service in which each extension has a trunk line connected to the telephone company's Central Office. Normally, the private/ branch network applied by the giant company.
ISDN a circuit-switched telephone network system (computerized) designed to allow digital transmission of voice & data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality & higher speeds than that available in PSTN system. ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group (room) videoconferencing systems. PSTN The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuitswitched telephone networks, in much the same way that the internet is the network of the world's public IP-based packet switched networks.
Interface standards
Interfaces for connecting extensions to a PABX include:
- POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) - the common two-wire interface used in most homes. This is cheap and effective, and allows almost any standard phone to be used as an extension.
- proprietary - the manufacturer has defined a protocol. One can only connect the manufacturer's sets to their PBX, but the benefit is more visible information displayed and/or specific function buttons. - DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) >
a standard for connecting cordless phones.
- Internet Protocol - used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork. For example, H.323 and SIP.
Interfaces for connecting PBXs to each other include: - proprietary protocols - if equipment from several manufacturers are on site, the use of a standard protocol is required. - QSIG - QSIG is an ISDN based signaling protocol for signalling between private branch exchanges (PBXs) in a Private Integrated Services Network (PISN) for connecting PBXs to each other, usually runs over T1 (Tcarrier) or E1 (E-carrier) physical circuits. - DPNSS - for connecting PBXs to trunk lines. Standardised by British Telecom, this usually runs over E1 (E-carrier) physical circuits. - Internet Protocol - H.323, SIP and IAX protocols are IP based solutions which can handle voice and multimedia (e.g. video) calls.
Interfaces for connecting PBXs to trunk lines include: - standard POTS lines - the common two-wire interface used in most domestic homes. This is adequate only for smaller systems, and can suffer from not being able to detect incoming calls when trying to make an outbound call. - ISDN - the most common digital standard for fixed telephony devices. This can be supplied in either Basic (2 circuit capacity) or Primary (24 or 30 circuit capacity) versions. Most medium to large companies would use Primary ISDN circuits carried on T1 or E1 physical connections. - Internet Protocol - H.323, SIP, MGCP, and IAX protocols operate over IP and are supported by some network providers.
Interfaces for collecting data from the PBX: - Serial interface - historically used to print every call record to a serial printer. Now an application connects via serial cable to this port. - Network Port (Listen mode) - where an external application connects to the TCP or UDP port. The PBX then starts streaming information down to the application. - Network Port (Server mode) - The PBX connects to another application or buffer. - File - The PBX generates a file containing the call records from the PBX.
Numbering system that is used in the PABX system
PABX used their own numbering system. Bg internal call, user only need to dial the extension no. This is because small switching system is applied in the company. Low cost - internal call X no need to pay bill. PABX system more than 50 line – 2 digit PABX system more than 50-500 line – 3 digit PABX system more than 500 line – 4 digit depend to PABX capacity. No 0, 1, 8, 9 cannot be use as a starting number. 0 – call operator 1 – service call 9 – external call 8 – Menarik panggilan
If the PABX not fulfill the SIRIM requirement, the PABX cannot market in Malaysia. Used Digit
No Function
1X
Service call
2XXX
Nombor Sambungan
3XXX
Nombor Sambungan
4XXX
Nombor Sambungan
5XXX
Nombor Sambungan
6XXX
Nombor Sambungan
7XXX
Nombor Sambungan
8X
Tarik panggilan
9
Membuat panggilan luar
0
PABX Operator
Communication Technology Process of delivering information from one destination to another destination by using code and storan system. There is 4 category of communication : 1. Audio freq - In range of 10Hz to 20kHz 2. Visual – visible material 3. Graphic – producing information in picture form 4. Electronic – base on effect of electron flow
Private Automatic Branch/Telephone Exchange (PABX) There is 2 types of telephone swithing board : 1. PMBX 2. PABX 1. PMBX Originally an organization's manual switchboard (operated by a person plugging cables into sockets) was known as a PMBX (Private Manual Branch Exchange). Based from original system PMBX (Private Manual Branch Exchange) – where the contacted no. is connected manually by the operator. 2. PABX PABX is an electronic switching systems that replace the manual & electromechanical switching system. PABX system able to conduct call @ call distribution automatically with operator @ in direct (w/out operator) if the extension no. available. In addition to telephone sets, fax machines, modems and many other communication devices can be connected to a PBX as well (although the PBX may degrade line quality for modems). All such devices are generally referred to as extensions.
A telephone operator manually connected calls with patch cables at a telephone switchboard. Computers make most connections now. •
PABX Functions
Basically, PABX performs three main duties: 1. Establishing connections (circuits) between the telephone sets of two users. Main switching controller that connect & disconnect telephone connection in a department or office. (i.e. mapping a dialed number to a physical phone, ensuring the phone isn't already busy) 2. Maintaining such connections as long as the users require them. (i.e. channeling voice signals between the users) 3. Providing information for accounting purposes (i.e. metering calls) In addition to these basic functions, PABXs offer many other capabilities, depend to the manufacturers providing different features : - Auto Attendant - Speed dialling - Voice mail - Call transfer - Music on hold - Call waiting - Call forwarding on busy - Conference call
A. Specification for PABX design 1.
2. 3.
4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
Should follow spec as below :Min. control panel with capability to be connected to PABX/ normal telephone, direct call (emergency call) w/out operator & connection to PA system. Digitally design. Easy to handle modification in user data base ( using software application) with no intterruption to other services. Able to conduct internal call or feed the connection outside to the public telephone network @ to the other PABX network. Power supply – DC (48V) @ AC supply. Able to conduct manually (operator) or automatically. Attached with port for connection to ISDN PRI (Primary Rate Interface) network. Power supply to customer telephone should supply by the PABX system.
Operator Computer ISDN PRI Line
Rangkaian PSTN/ISDN
PABX
Telephone
Fax
PABX connection system in private area
PABX system connected to the normal telephone network (PSTN-Public Switch Telephone Network) pass through the ISDN PRI (Integrated Services Digital Network – Primary Rate Interface) User can make internal call without passing through the operator by dialling the last 3 @ 4 no. depand to the setting made in the system. Calls on a key system are made by selecting a specific outgoing line and dialing the external number; calls on a PBX are made by dialing 9 (or 0 in some systems) followed by the external number; an outgoing trunk line is automatically selected upon which to complete the call. External call (in/out to private area) will be controlled by operator. ISDN PRI that is used for connection between PABX to PSTN have a capacity 2.014Mbps that have 30 channel & capable to conduct 30 traffic/call even for telephone, fax or dial up internet in the same time.
The no. of PABX user not only 30 user even the external outline can conduct max. 30 traffic in a time.
If in one time the user exceed max 30 user, the 31st user will have to wait until the active user disconnect the line.
However, there is no limit for internal call. It’s depend to the capability of the PABX system itself.
Nowdays, the existing public telephone network in Malaysia is supply by TM and Maxis.
Pejabat Cawangan 1
Rangkaian PSTN PABX
Pejabat Cawangan 2 Pejabat Utama Pejabat Cawangan 3
PABX connection system for private / branch network
PABX system also can be use for connection between the headquarters office and the branch office by using the ISDN line . The branch office user can communicate with their collegue by dialling the last 3 @ 4 no. only. In addition, a limited number of outside lines (called trunk lines) are usually available for making and receiving calls external to the site (i.e. to the public telephone network). Companies with multiple sites can connect their PBXs together with trunk lines. PBX services can also be provided by equipment located off site at a central provider, delivering services over the public telephone network. This is known as a hosted PBX. For example, most local phone companies offer a Centrax service in which each extension has a trunk line connected to the telephone company's Central Office. Normally, the private/ branch network applied by the giant company.
ISDN a circuit-switched telephone network system (computerized) designed to allow digital transmission of voice & data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better quality & higher speeds than that available in PSTN system. ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group (room) videoconferencing systems. PSTN The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuitswitched telephone networks, in much the same way that the internet is the network of the world's public IP-based packet switched networks.
Interface standards
Interfaces for connecting extensions to a PABX include:
- POTS (Plain Old Telephone System) - the common two-wire interface used in most homes. This is cheap and effective, and allows almost any standard phone to be used as an extension.
- proprietary - the manufacturer has defined a protocol. One can only connect the manufacturer's sets to their PBX, but the benefit is more visible information displayed and/or specific function buttons. - DECT (Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) >
a standard for connecting cordless phones.
- Internet Protocol - used for communicating data across a packet-switched internetwork. For example, H.323 and SIP.
Interfaces for connecting PBXs to each other include: - proprietary protocols - if equipment from several manufacturers are on site, the use of a standard protocol is required. - QSIG - QSIG is an ISDN based signaling protocol for signalling between private branch exchanges (PBXs) in a Private Integrated Services Network (PISN) for connecting PBXs to each other, usually runs over T1 (Tcarrier) or E1 (E-carrier) physical circuits. - DPNSS - for connecting PBXs to trunk lines. Standardised by British Telecom, this usually runs over E1 (E-carrier) physical circuits. - Internet Protocol - H.323, SIP and IAX protocols are IP based solutions which can handle voice and multimedia (e.g. video) calls.
Interfaces for connecting PBXs to trunk lines include: - standard POTS lines - the common two-wire interface used in most domestic homes. This is adequate only for smaller systems, and can suffer from not being able to detect incoming calls when trying to make an outbound call. - ISDN - the most common digital standard for fixed telephony devices. This can be supplied in either Basic (2 circuit capacity) or Primary (24 or 30 circuit capacity) versions. Most medium to large companies would use Primary ISDN circuits carried on T1 or E1 physical connections. - Internet Protocol - H.323, SIP, MGCP, and IAX protocols operate over IP and are supported by some network providers.
Interfaces for collecting data from the PBX: - Serial interface - historically used to print every call record to a serial printer. Now an application connects via serial cable to this port. - Network Port (Listen mode) - where an external application connects to the TCP or UDP port. The PBX then starts streaming information down to the application. - Network Port (Server mode) - The PBX connects to another application or buffer. - File - The PBX generates a file containing the call records from the PBX.
Numbering system that is used in the PABX system
PABX used their own numbering system. Bg internal call, user only need to dial the extension no. This is because small switching system is applied in the company. Low cost - internal call X no need to pay bill. PABX system more than 50 line – 2 digit PABX system more than 50-500 line – 3 digit PABX system more than 500 line – 4 digit depend to PABX capacity. No 0, 1, 8, 9 cannot be use as a starting number. 0 – call operator 1 – service call 9 – external call 8 – Menarik panggilan
If the PABX not fulfill the SIRIM requirement, the PABX cannot market in Malaysia. Used Digit
No Function
1X
Service call
2XXX
Nombor Sambungan
3XXX
Nombor Sambungan
4XXX
Nombor Sambungan
5XXX
Nombor Sambungan
6XXX
Nombor Sambungan
7XXX
Nombor Sambungan
8X
Tarik panggilan
9
Membuat panggilan luar
0
PABX Operator
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