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CERAGON FIBEAIR COURSE HANDBOOK
Installation, Commissioning & System Configuration
2010 Visit our Customer Training Portal at Training.Ceragon.Com or contact us at [email protected]
Trainee Name:
24/7 access to constantly increasing on-line DB of the latest information!
eLearning is a great complementary solution to your classroom sessions as some modules are only available on-line
eLearning provides a first tier of support to users of new technologies, resulting in an estimated 30% reduction in support costs related to implementation of new applications & business processes.
eLearning is proven to be less intimidating than Instructor led training. Concerns about making mistakes in front of peers and management are eliminated.
Ceragon Training Center
Ceragon Training Center is designed to help you get a comprehensive understanding with Ceragon's technology, products and network solutions.
Ceragon eLearning users enjoy frequent & updated modules as new features and products are released without needing to update users’ account properties.
While individuals focus on particular modules, Managers on the other hand can sign up their staff members to a Learning Program with compulsory items such as quizzes & procedures.
Ceragon Training Knowledgebase is available to your employees without sacrificing additional room space or time-consuming lectures.
Ceragon eLearning solutions can shorten the amount of time it takes to get learners up to speed on new products and processes. Users who need to "brush up" on a process can access a module instantly, practice, test themselves and resume their work.
• Want to find out more? • Need an Account Comparison Table? • Need a proposal? • Case studies? Please contact us at [email protected]
Ceragon Training Agenda
Product: IP-10 Course: IP10AO&M Extended Operation and Maintenance Duration: 3 days
DAY ONE Introduction to Radio Microwave:
Parameters affecting propagation (Fresnel Zone, Duct, Multipath) Digital Modulation Basics Radio Link Components MSE
Introduction to 802.1:
The need for smaller broadcast domains Standard Ethernet Frame VLAN Tagging P-Bits & VID Q-in-Q
Introduction to IP-10 IDU IP-10 Front Panel Description Introduction to RFU-C / or other ODU type Installation:
Physical Installation of IDU + ODU IP address using CLI
Commissioning:
System name & Contact Details (Unit Info) Reading Versions External Alarms Setting IP Address and Management (In Band / OOB) Trap Destination Updating the license
Radio Link Commissioning:
Frequencies TSL & RSL & MSE ATPC Management (In band / OOB) Link ID Local & Remote frequency change
1
Ceragon Training Agenda
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 1
v2.0
Ceragon Training Agenda
DAY TWO Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) Switch Mode Configuration:
Single Pipe Managed Mode Metro Mode
Interface Configuration:
ETH Ports (Trunk VS. Access) E1 Ports
Troubleshooting Tools & Maintenance:
Using the Current Alarms Using the Event Log Using RMON Registers and Statistics Performing Loopbacks Saving Unit Information Files Configuration File Upload / Download Software File Download
DAY THREE 1+1 Protection: Configuration Review 1+1 Protection: Practical Exercise QoS: Configuration Review QoS: Practical Exercises Introduction to CFM (802.1ag) CFM: Practical Exercises Q-in-Q: Configuration Review Q-in-Q: Practical Exercise
2
Ceragon Training Agenda
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 2
v2.0
3/8/2010
Ceragon in a Nutshell Products
Agenda
“Think Backhaul Networks”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
2
1500R IDU IP-MAX^2 IDU IP-10 IDU IP-10G IDU Nodal Solutions 3200T IDU Outdoor units Outdoor Enclosures
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 3
1
3/8/2010
Ceragon FibeAir Family
OA&M
Service Management
Carrier Ethernet Switch
Gigabit Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Security
TDM Cross Connect
ACM
XPIC
Native2 Radio Ethernet + TDM
Multi Radio
10-500Mbps, 7-56MHz
SD/FD
E1/T1
Ch-STM1/ OC3 Terminal Mux
RFU (6-38GHz) Proprietary and Confidential
3
IDU 1500R – Point to Point SDH Radio Link
STM Ring
STM Ring
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 4
2
3/8/2010
IDU 1500R – SDH RING
ADM/MSPP
N x STM-1/OC-3 XC XC
Ceragon FibeAir 1500R
Aggregation Site
PSN
5
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-MAX^2 IDU: GbE Backhaul
ETH
IP/ETH Provider network
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 5
3
3/8/2010
IP-10 IDU: Enhanced Cellular Backhaul
Cellular traffic (TDM)
IP/ETH Provider network
N x ETH
7
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10G IDU: A Nodal Solution
Cellular traffic (TDM)
STM Rings
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 6
4
3/8/2010
3200T All Indoor: High Capacity Trunk
SDH
9
Proprietary and Confidential
3200T Split Mount: High Capacity Trunk
SDH
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 7
5
3/8/2010
RFUs
FibeAir RFU-HP
FibeAir RFU-HS
FibeAir RFU-P
FibeAir RFU-C
Standard power
High power (e.g. Smaller antennas – reduced cost) Proprietary and Confidential
Outdoor Enclosures – Solution Benefits Full Outdoor solution:
• • • • •
Dust and weather proof Compact size reduces the cost of leasing or purchasing rack space. Ideal for Greenfield areas, at solar-powered sites, and at repeater sites adjacent to highways. One-man installation and shorter cabling reduce installation costs. Environment-friendly: Greener deployments, saving on power and air-conditioning costs.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 8
6
3/8/2010
Hybrid aggregation network for migration Native2 at the access, IP/MPLS & SDH/SONET at the aggregation Native2 (MW links)
IP/MPLS (Hybrid Fiber/MW) SDH/SONET (Hybrid Fiber/MW)
Native Ethernet Ethernet over IP/MPLS Native E1/T1 E1/T1 over SDH/SONET
STM1/ OC3
NG-SDH MSPP
STM1/ OC3
n x T1/E1
Tail site
BSC/MSC
NG-SDH MSPP
FE/GE
FibeAir IP-10
Core Site
GE
FibeAir IP-10
GE
Hub Site
RNC MPLS Router
MPLS Router
Native2 - Is a technology for carrying both TDM and Ethernet traffic Natively over the same microwave links with dynamic bandwidth allocation.
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Aggregating WiMAX / LTE Ready Wireless Carrier Ethernet Backhaul Network
Business center
GE
WiMAX / 4G / LTE Cellular site WiMAX
STM-1 / OC-3
Ceragon TDM E1/T1
Ceragon
Hub / Aggregation site
2G/3G base station
Access
Metro / Aggregation
Core IP Backbone
• WiMAXPoint to Multipoint
• Ceragon’s Point to Point backhaul
• Ethernet (GE) is sent over to an IP/MPLS Layer
solution for Ethernet traffic aggregation and statistical multiplexing for a mix of Business and mobile offload Ceragon Point to Point for TDM aggregation
14
supports Native Ethernet with traffic QoS awareness • Ethernet traffic is “tunneled” through E-LAN/ E-Line EVCs • TDM traffic (E1/T1) are being aggregated using Ceragon integrated TDM cross connect
• TDM (STM-1/OC-3) is sent over to an SDH/SONET layer • Ceragon High-capacity "MPLSaware" Ethernet microwave radio is used where fiber connections not available.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 9
7
3/8/2010
Ceragon’s Advantages High Spectral-Efficiency High System-Gain Multi-Service Concentration capabilities High Level of Redundancy Adaptive Modulation Pay-as-you-grow concept
Proprietary and Confidential
15
High Spectral-Efficiency (i.e. 256QAM modulation)
• Providing more capacity at any given frequency resources • e.g. 18xE1 or 50Mbps @ 7MHz channel-bandwidth
• Better utilizing valuable frequency resources • e.g. using high spectral efficiency we provide 155-200Mbps @ 28MHz, •
using a Single wireless link! Average microwave will require Two links causing higher CAPEX and consume additional valuable frequency
Get the same capacity with ONE link instead of TWO! Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 10
8
3/8/2010
Higher Spectral-Efficiency What’s in it for The Operator?
Typical
IP10
Microwave Radio
Microwave Radio
Required Capacity 155-200Mbps
TWO radio links or 56MHz channel bandwidth
ONE radio link using 28MHz channel bandwidth
Required Capacity 70-100Mbps
28MHz Channel Bandwidth
14MHz Channel Bandwidth
The operator saves CAPEX and free-up valuable frequency resources Proprietary and Confidential
Higher Spectral-Efficiency is not enough… Radio Type
Ant. Diameter
Length
Modulation
Capacity
Typical System Gain
1.80 m
30 Km
16QAM
32 x E1s
Typical System Gain
1.80 m
21 Km
128QAM
STM-1/OC-3
Typical System Gain
3.00 m
30 Km
128QAM
STM-1/OC-3
High HighSystem SystemGain Gain
1.80 m
30 km
128QAM
STM-1/OC-3
Spectral Efficiency should always be coupled with System Gain 18
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 11
9
3/8/2010
Ceragon’s Management Overview
IP-10 19
FibeAir
Proprietary and Confidential
We adjust to customers’ requirements
20
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 12
10
3/8/2010
Thank You! [email protected]
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 13
11
Introduction to 802.1 P/Q
Module Version v2.6 Proprietary and Confidential
Objectives
• Understand the need for smaller broadcast domains • Understand what is VLAN • Understand the difference between tagged and untagged frame • Understand VLAN applications
2
1
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 14
Associated IEEE Standards
• IEEE 802.3
: Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1518 bytes)
• IEEE 802.3ac : Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1522 bytes) • IEEE 802.1 d : MAC Bridge first introduced the concept of Filtering Services in a bridged local network • IEEE 802.1 q : VLAN Tagging • IEEE 802.1 p : Priority Tagging / Mapping • IEEE 802.1ag : OAM (CFM)
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda Agenda
• What is VLAN? • Advantages for using VLAN • Regular Ethernet frame • Tagged frame structure • Types of VLAN • Types of connections • 802.1P implementations
4
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 15
2 of 19
What is VLAN?
A Layer 2 Protocol which enables enhanced traffic maneuvers :
• • • •
Prioritization Filtering Provisioning Mapping (e.g. - ATM to/from ETH)
5
Proprietary and Confidential
4 of 19
What is VLAN? Regular ETH networks forward broadcast frames to all endpoints
6
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 16
5 of 19
What is VLAN? VLAN networks forward broadcast frames only to pre-defined ports (Profile Membership)
VLAN 1 Switch ports
VLAN 547
7
Proprietary and Confidential
6 of 19
Advantages of VLAN
• Breaking large networks into smaller parts (Formation of virtual workgroups) • Simplified Administration (no need for re-cabling when user moves) • Improving Broadcast & Multicast traffic utilization • Mapping expensive backbones (ATM) to simpler & cheaper ETH backbones • Security – establishing tunnels / trunks through the network for dedicated users (traffic between VLANs is restricted).
8
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 17
3 of 19
Before we start explaining bit by bit, what is VLAN and how does it work, let us review first the structure of a regular ETH frame
9
Proprietary and Confidential
7 of 19
Untagged Ethernet Frame
FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver
Preamble + SFD 8 Bytes
DA 6 Bytes
SA
Length / Type
6 Bytes
2 Bytes
DATA + PAD
FCS
46 - 1500 Bytes
4 Bytes (32-bit CRC)
Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes
Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)
10
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 18
8 of 19
Tagged Ethernet Frame
• Additional information is inserted • Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes 4 Bytes
Preamble + SFD
DA
SA
Length / Type
TPID = 0x8100
Length / Type
DATA + PAD
FCS
TCI
16 Bit
P-TAG
CFI
3 Bit
1 Bit
11
VLAN ID
TPID = Tag protocol ID TCI = Tag Control Information CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator
12 Bit Proprietary and Confidential
Tagging a Frame
VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4094: • 2^12 = 4096 • VID 0 = reserved • VID 4096 = reserved (every vendor may use some VIDs for internal purposes such as MNG etc.) • VID 1 = default • After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated • CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)
12
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 19
4 of 19 9 42
TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type… TPID in tagged frames in always set to 0x8100
It is important that you understand the meaning and usage of this parameter
Later when we discuss QoS, we shall demonstrate how & why the system audits this parameter 13
Protocol type
Value
Tagged Frame
0x8100
ARP
0x0806
Q-in-Q (CISCO)
0x8100
Q-in-Q (other vendors)
0x88A8
Q-in-Q (other vendors)
0x9100
Q-in-Q (other vendors)
0x9200
RARP
0x8035
IP
0x0800
IPv6
0x86DD
PPPoE
0x8863/0x8864
MPLS
0x8847/0x8848
IS-IS
0x8000
LACP
0x8809
802.1x
0x888E
Proprietary and Confidential
VLAN types
Membership by Port VID1
Port
VID
1
1
2
1
3
44
4
200
VID1
VID 44
PRO – easy configured CON – no user mobility
14
7
VID200
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 20
10 of 19
VLAN types
Membership by MAC MAC
VID
00:33:ef:38:01:23
1
00:01:de:22:42:ae
1
00:20:8f:40:15:ef
44
00:20:32:35:ea:11
200
PRO – user mobility, no reconfiguration when PC moves CON – needs to be assigned initially, not an easy task with thousands of endpoints
15
Proprietary and Confidential
11 of 19
VLAN types
Membership by Subnet Address (a.k.a. Layer 3 VLAN) Subnet Address
VID
10.0.0.0 / 24
1
20.0.0.0 / 30
1
11.0.0.0 / 24
44
192.168.1.0 / 24
200
Membership is based on the Layer 3 header No process of IP address is done Main disadvantage – longer overall throughput 16
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 21
12 of 19
VLAN types
Membership by Protocol Type
Protocol Type
VID
IP
1
IPX
44
The VID is derived from the protocol type field found in the Layer 2 header
17
Proprietary and Confidential
13 of 19
Port Types Access Port – a port which is not aware of VLANs (Cannot tag outgoing frames or un-tag incoming frames)
A
Device unaware of VLANs transmits untagged (regular) ETH frames
18
9
VLAN aware Switch
Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to specific Tagging mechanism
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 22
14 of 19
Port Types Trunk Port – a port which is aware of VLANs (Can tag or un-tag incoming frames)
A
Device unaware of VLANs transmits untagged (regular) ETH frames
VLAN aware Switch
T
Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to specific Tagging mechanism Switch un-tags frames with VID received from network and delivers untagged frames to Access ports
19
Proprietary and Confidential
14 of 19
Port Types Trunk Port can carry tagged frames with different VIDs. This requires Port Membership configuration.
A
VLAN aware Switch
A
T A This port is not a member of the Trunk port membership list, hence, traffic is discarded
20
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 23
14 of 19
Port Types Q-in-Q (A.K.A. Double Tagging…VLAN Encapsulation…)
+ VLAN
CN
aware Switch
PN
Enhanced security – not exposing original VID Improved flexibility of VID in the network (Ingress VID was already assigned in the network)
21
Proprietary and Confidential
15 of 19
Introduction to QoS / CoS
22
11
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 24
Mapping ATM QoS over ETH CoS (RFC 1483) We can extend the benefits of ATM QoS into Ethernet LANs to guarantee Ethernet priorities across the ATM backbone. A L2 switch or L3 router reads incoming 802.1p or IP ToS priority bits, and classifies traffic accordingly. To match the priority level with the appropriate ATM service class and other parameters, the switch then consults a mapping table with pre-defined settings. P-Tag 6
CBR
P-Tag 4
VBR
P-Tag 0
UBR
Hub Site
GE
RNC
FE/GE GE n x T1/E1
Tail site
FibeAir IP-10
IP-10
23
STM1/ OC3
ATM Router
MPLS Router
Core Site
BSC/MSC
Proprietary and Confidential
Mapping ETH to MPLS and vice versa IP-10’s L2 switch can take part in the process of transporting services through MPLS core
Frames/services are mapped to MPLS FECs according to: • VLAN ID mapped to MPLS EXP bits • VLAN P-Bit mapped to MPLS EXP bits
Hub Site
GE
FE/GE
RNC
GE n x T1/E1
Tail site
FibeAir IP-10
IP-10
STM1/ OC3
STM1/ OC3
MPLS Router
MPLS Router
Core Site
24
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 25
BSC/MSC
16 of 19
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes) 802.1P utilizes Traffic Classes: A switch port allocates ingress frames to queues (buffers) according to their P-Tag value P-Bits 6-7 The more queues – the more prioritizing levels (classes) Downside – more time, more memory…
Q4
P-Bits 4-5
Normally 4 queues (TCs) are sufficient
Q3
In this example the port groups a few Bits into a single queue
Q2
P-Bits 0-3
8 priority levels become 3 classes 25
High
Q1
Low
Proprietary and Confidential
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes) IEEE Recommendation The following table shows IEEE definition of traffic classes It shows the ingress options for P-Tag VS. egress P-tag The number of egress priorities (classes) depend on the number of assigned queues
Ingress P-Tags
Number of Available Traffic Classes 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 (default)
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Egress P-Tag 26
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 26
Acronyms • • • • • • • • • • •
27
ETH – Ethernet NIC – Network Internet Card VID – Vlan ID VLAN – Virtual LAN P-TAG – Priority Tag, Priority Bits CFI – Canonical Format Indicator TPID – Tag Protocol Identifier FCS – Frame Check Sequence DA – Destination Address SA – Source Address QoS – Quality of Service
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
28
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 27
Mean Square Error
Agenda
• • • • • • • •
2
1
MSE – Definition Expected value The Error Histogram Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller differences Calculating MSE MSE in digital modulation Commissioning with MSE MSE and ACM
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 28
MSE - Definition
MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated (expected) value and the true value of the quantity being estimated MSE measures the average of the squared errors: MSE is a sort of aggregated error by which the expected value differs from the quantity to be estimated. The difference occurs because of randomness or because the receiver does not account for information that could produce a more accurate estimated RSL
Proprietary and Confidential
3
To simplify….
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert one part into the other Both devices must perfectly match Let us assume the width has to be 10cm wide We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many can fit in….
4
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 29
The Errors Histogram (Gaussian probability distribution function) 9
Quantity
Expected value
3 3
2
1
width 6cm
7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many parts differ from the expected value 9 parts were perfectly OK Proprietary and Confidential
5
The difference from Expected value… Quantity
Error = 0 cm
Error = + 2 cm Error = - 3 cm Error = + 6 cm
Error = - 4 cm
width 6cm
7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure how much the errors differ from expected value
6
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 30
Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller differences Quantity
Error = 0 cm
+ 2 cm = 4 -3 cm = 9 - 4 cm = 16
+ 6 cm = 36 width
6cm 7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences, resulting in a more powerful statistics tool: 16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away Proprietary and Confidential
7
Calculating MSE Quantity
Error = 0 cm
+ 2 cm = 4 -3 cm = 9 - 4 cm = 16
+ 6 cm = 36 width
6cm 7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average: 16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes 8
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 31
Calculating MSE Error = 0 cm
Quantity
width 10cm If all parts were perfectly produced than each error would be 0 This would result in MSE = 0
Conclusion: systems perform best when MSE is minimum Proprietary and Confidential
9
MSE in digital modulation (Radios) Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as an example:
Q
QPSK = 2 bits per symbol
01
00 2 possible states for I signal 2 possible states for Q signal
I
11
10
5
10
= 4 possible states for the combined signal
The graph shows the expected values (constellation) of the received signal (RSL)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 32
MSE in digital modulation (Radios) The black dots represent the expected values (constellation) of the received signal (RSL)
Q 01
00 The blue dots represent the actual RSL
I
11
10
Similarly to the previous example, we can say that the bigger the errors are – the harder it becomes for the receiver to detect & recover the transmitted signal
Proprietary and Confidential
11
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q 01
00
MSE would be the average errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….
e1 e2
I e4
11
12
6
e3
When MSE is very small the actual signal is very close to the expected signal
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 33
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q 01
00
When MSE is too big, the actual signal (amplitude & phase) is too far from the expected signal
e1 e2
I e4
11
13
e3
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
When you commission your radio link, make sure your MSE is small (-37dB)
Actual values may be read -34dB to -35dB
Bigger values (-18dB) will result in loss of signal
14
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 34
MSE and ACM When the errors become too big, we need a stronger error correction mechanism (FEC) Therefore, we reduce the number of bits per symbol allocated for data and assign the extra bits for correction instead For example – 256QAM has great capacity but poor immune to noise 64QAM has less capacity but much better immune for noise ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation 15
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
16
8
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 35
3/8/2010
ACM - Adaptive Code Modulation
FibeAir IP-10’s Key Feature • IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) – Modulation range: QPSK - 256QAM
• Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades • Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation when received signal improves
Optimized for mobile backhaul – all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 36
1
3/8/2010
Adaptive Coding and Modulation • Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental conditions
• • • •
Hitless & errorless switchover between modulation schemes Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth Service differentiation with improved SLA Increased capacity and availability
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding and Modulation
Voice & real time services Non-real time services
Weak FEC
Strong FEC
When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to highest priority When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are maintained 4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 37
2
3/8/2010
IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support • 8 modulation/coding working points (~3db system gain for each point change)
• Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signal quality • E1/T1 traffic has higher priority over Ethernet traffic • Each E1/T1 service is assigned a priority - enables differentiated E1/T1 dropping during severe link degradation
• Integrated QoS with intelligent congestion management - ensures high priority Ethernet traffic is not affected during link fading
Throughput per radio carrier: 10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel
MSE is analyzed to trigger ACM modulation changes
25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel 45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel 90 to 500 Mbps @ 56 MHz Channel
Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services Proprietary and Confidential
5
IP-10 radio capacity - ETSI 7MHz ACM Point
Modulation
14MHz # of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
QPSK
4
9.5 – 13.5
1
QPSK
8
20 - 29
2
8 PSK
6
14 – 20
2
8 PSK
12
29 - 41
3
16 QAM
8
19 – 28
3
16 QAM
18
42 - 60
4
32 QAM
10
24 – 34
4
32 QAM
20
49 – 70
5
64 QAM
12
28 – 40
5
64 QAM
24
57 – 82
6
128 QAM
13
32 – 46
6
128 QAM
29
69 - 98
7
256 QAM
16
38 – 54
7
256 QAM
34
81 - 115
8
256 QAM
18
42 – 60
8
256 QAM
37
87 - 125
40MHz Modulation
ACM Point
6
# of E1s
1
28MHz
•
Modulation
# of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Modulation
# of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
Modulation ACM Point
56MHz # of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
1
QPSK
16
38 - 54
1
QPSK
23
56 - 80
1
QPSK
32
76 - 109
2
8 PSK
22
53 - 76
2
8 PSK
34
82 - 117
2
8 PSK
48
114 - 163
3
16 QAM
32
77 - 110
3
16 QAM
51
122 - 174
3
16 QAM
64
151 - 217
4
32 QAM
44
103 - 148
4
32 QAM
65
153 - 219
4
32 QAM
75
202 - 288
5
64 QAM
54
127 - 182
5
64 QAM
75
188 - 269
5
64 QAM
75
251 - 358
6
128 QAM
66
156 - 223
6
128 QAM
75
214 - 305
6
128 QAM
75
301 - 430
7
256 QAM
71
167 - 239
7
256 QAM
75
239 - 342
7
256 QAM
75
350 - 501
8
256 QAM
75
183 - 262
8
256 QAM
75
262 - 374
8
256 QAM
75
372 - 531
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 38
3
3/8/2010
IP-10 radio capacity - FCC 10MHz Modulation ACM Point
# of T1s
20MHz Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
QPSK
7
13 – 18
1
QPSK
16
28 - 40
2
8 PSK
10
19 – 27
2
8 PSK
22
39 - 56
3
16 QAM
16
28 – 40
3
16 QAM
32
57 - 81
4
32 QAM
18
32 – 46
4
32 QAM
38
67 - 96
5
64 QAM
24
42 – 61
5
64 QAM
52
93 - 133
6
128 QAM
28
50 – 71
6
128 QAM
58
102 - 146
7
256 QAM
30
54 – 78
7
256 QAM
67
118 - 169
8
256 QAM
33
60 – 85
8
256 QAM
73
129 - 185
40MHz Modulation
ACM Point
7
# of T1s
1
30MHz
•
Modulation
# of T1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Modulation
# of T1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
Modulation ACM Point
# of T1s
50MHz Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
1
QPSK
22
39 - 55
1
QPSK
31
56 - 80
1
QPSK
37
65 - 93
2
8 PSK
35
62 - 89
2
8 PSK
46
82 - 117
2
8 PSK
59
105 - 150
3
16 QAM
52
93 - 133
3
16 QAM
69
122 - 174
3
16 QAM
74
131 - 188
4
32 QAM
68
120 - 171
4
32 QAM
84
153 - 219
4
32 QAM
84
167 - 239
5
64 QAM
80
142 - 202
5
64 QAM
84
188 - 269
5
64 QAM
84
221 - 315
6
128 QAM
84
164 - 235
6
128 QAM
84
214 - 305
6
128 QAM
84
264 - 377
7
256 QAM
84
185 - 264
7
256 QAM
84
239 - 342
7
256 QAM
84
313 - 448
8
256 QAM
84
204 - 292
8
256 QAM
84
262 - 374
8
256 QAM
84
337 - 482
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism (patent pending) • Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45% • No affect on user traffic
8
Ethernet packet size (bytes)
Capacity increase by compression
64
45%
96
29%
128
22%
256
11%
512
5% Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 39
4
3/8/2010
IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocation Example: 28MHz channel bandwidth Example Modulation
32QAM
128QAM
256QAM
All Ethernet
112Mbps
170Mbps
200Mbps
20 E1s + Ethernet
20 E1s + 66Mbps
20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps
44 E1s + Ethernet
44 E1s + 10Mbps
44 E1s + 67Mbps
44 E1s + 98Mbps
66 E1s + Ethernet
-
66 E1s + 15Mbps
66 E1s + 47Mbps
75 E1s + Ethernet
-
-
75 E1s + 25Mbps
Example traffic mix
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) It’s all about handling data...
• Current Microwave systems are designed with Availability Equal for all Services
nXT1/E1
? 99.99… %
Less availability can be accepted for many data services Need for Services Classification : Microwave systems shall treat services in different ways 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 40
5
3/8/2010
Fewer Hops
1.28km fix rate 200Mbps at 99.999%
2.5km adaptive rate 200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%
0
1km
2km
3km
Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)
Optional solution for several planning constrains Example - Reducing Hops count until reaching fiber site 11
Proprietary and Confidential
Decreased tower loads: Wind, Space, Weight… 4.5km/2.8 miles path, 56MHz channel, 400Mbps, 256QAM, 99.999% availability
Without Adaptive Modulation: requires 4 ft antennas Modulation
Throughput (Mbps)
Availability (%)
Unavailability of modulation
Outage – 5 minutes and 15 seconds 256QAM (2)
400
99.999
4min, 28sec
With Adaptive Modulation: requires 1 ft antennas Modulation
Throughput (Mbps)
Availability (%)
Unavailability of modulation
Outage – 5 minutes and 15 seconds QPSK
80
99.999
5min, 3sec
8PSK
120
99.998
9min, 3sec
16QAM
160
99.997
11min, 4sec
32QAM
210
99.996
16min, 42sec
64QAM
260
99.995
24min, 35sec
128QAM
320
99.992
37min, 35sec
256QAM (1)
360
99.989
55min, 33sec
256QAM (2)
400
99.985
1hr,18min, 13sec
Assumed rain zone K, 23 [GHz] band Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 41
Source: Ceragon Networks
6
3/8/2010
ACM Benefit in TDM to IP migration scenario SMOOTH Migration • • • •
13
Typical 4E1 radio QPSK 7MHz channel 99.999% availability
4xE1 7MHz channel
Upgrade to 4E1 + 40Mbps Ethernet 5 TIMES THE CAPACITY SAME ANTENNAS Same 7MHz channel QPSK – 256QAM with ACM 99.999% availability for the E1s Low cost, scalable, pay as you grow
4xE1 + 40Mbps Ethernet 7MHz channel
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
14
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 42
7
3/9/2010
Introduction to IP-10
Agenda
• • • • •
IP-10 Carrier Ethernet features overview IP-10 integrated QoS support – overview IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet rings Ethernet Service OAM (802.1ag) IP-10 management support overview
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 43
1
3/9/2010
IP-10 Integrated Carrier Ethernet switch 2 main modes for Ethernet switching:
• Metro switch – Carrier Ethernet switching is enabled • Smart pipe – Carrier Ethernet switching is disabled • Only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic • The unit operates as a point-to-point Ethernet MW radio IP-10
IP-10
Ethernet User Interfaces
Radio interface
Ethernet User Interface
Radio interface
Carrier Ethernet Switch
Smart pipe mode
Metro switch mode
Extensive Carrier Ethernet feature-set eliminates the need for external switches
What is Carrier Ethernet?
The MEF has defined Carrier Ethernet as: A ubiquitous, standardized, carrier-class Service and Network defined by five attributes that distinguish it from familiar LAN based Ethernet
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 44
2
3/9/2010
Carrier Ethernet – Standard service types E-Line Service type
• E-Line service used to create: • Ethernet Private Lines • Virtual Private Lines • Ethernet Internet Access
Point-to-Point EVC UNI
UNI CE
CE
Carrier Ethernet Network
• E-LAN service used to create: • Multipoint L2 VPNs • Transparent LAN Service • Foundation for IPTV and
E-LAN Service type CE UNI
Multicast networks etc.
UNI: User Network Interface, CE: Customer Equipment
Carrier Ethernet Network
UNI
MEF certified Carrier Ethernet products
Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC
CE
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 – Carrier Ethernet platform (MEF Certified)
• The MEF Certification Program •
An important part of the MEF’s mission to accelerate the deployment of Carrier Ethernet in the Access, MAN & WAN
•
Certification for Carrier Ethernet equipment supplied to service providers
• Current certification program comprises •
MEF-9 - Service certification
•
MEF-14 - Traffic management and service performance
• Approved Certification Lab - Approved independent lab: Iometrix Inc. IP-10 is fully MEF-9 & MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet service types (E-Line and E-LAN)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 45
3
3/9/2010
IP-10 - Carrier Ethernet functionality
Standardized Services MEF-9 & MEF-14 certified for all service types (EPL, EVPL and E-LAN)
Scalability
Quality of Service
Reliability
Up to 500Mbps per radio carrier
Advanced CoS classification
Highly reliable & integrated design
Integrated non-blocking switch with 4K VLANs
Advanced traffic policing/rate-limiting
Fully redundant 1+1 HSB & nodal configurations
802.1ad provider bridges (QinQ) Scalable nodal solution Scalable networks (1000’s of NEs)
CoS based packet queuing/buffering Flexible scheduling schemes Traffic shaping
Hitless ACM (QPSK – 256QAM) for enhanced radio link availability
Service Management Extensive multilayer management capabilities 802.1ag Ethernet service OA&M Advanced Ethernet statistics
Wireless Ethernet Ring (RSTP based) 802.3ad link aggregation Fast link state propagation <50msec restoration time (typical)
Carrier Ethernet World Congress Interoperability Showcase 2008
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 46
4
3/9/2010
At this event Ceragon particularly focused on the following Interoperability tests: •
Wireless Ethernet OA&M (Operational Administration & Maintenance) Interoperability
•
ACM (Adaptive coding & modulation) in a wireless Ethernet radio link
•
Provision EVCs (Ethernet Virtual Circuit) and several types of Ethernet service while providing UNI (User Network Interface)
•
Pseudo-wire service and clock recovery
•
Nodal solution for aggregating and statistical multiplexing at hub/Aggregation site
•
Embedded switching capabilities which eliminate the need for an external switch
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 47
5
3/9/2010
IP-10 integrated QoS support - overview
• 4 CoS/priority queues per switch port • Advanced CoS/priority classification based
Priority Queues W1 - Highest priority
on L2/L3 header fields:
• • • • •
Source Port VLAN 802.1p VLAN ID IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC Highest priority to BPDUs
Classify Arrivals
W2
Scheduling departures
W3
• Advanced ingress traffic rate-limiting per CoS/priority
W4 – lowest priority
• Flexible scheduling scheme per port • Strict priority (SP) • Weighted Round Robin (WRR) • Hybrid – any combination of SP & WRR •
Support differentiated Ethernet services
Shaping per port
with SLA assurance Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet rings
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #1 FibeAir IP-10
Packet or TDM based fiber aggregation network or leased lines
Ring site #1
FibeAir IP-10 FibeAir IP-10
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
Tail site #2
Fiber site RNC
FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #2 FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #3 FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #3
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 48
6
3/9/2010
IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet ring With redundant site connection to fiber aggregation network (“dual-homing”)
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #1 FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #1
FibeAir IP-10 FibeAir IP-10
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
Tail site #2
Fiber site #1
Packet or TDM based fiber aggregation Fiber site network or leased lines
FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #2
FibeAir IP-10
RNC
Fiber site #2
FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #3 FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #3
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring Example configuration (1+0 ring) N x GE/FE
N x GE/FE
N x GE/FE
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
(up to 500Mbps)
Integrated Ethernet Switching
Proprietary and Confidential
N x GE/FE
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 49
7
3/9/2010
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring Example aggregation site
FibeAir IP-10
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
Ring site
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring N x GE/FE
Integrated Ethernet Switching Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet services – End-to-end multi-layer OA&M
1+1
1+0
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site
Agg. site
Packet or TDM based fiber aggregation network or leased lines
Fiber site
Carrier Ethernet service Native EVC (802.1ag CFM)
GE/FE Interface
Radio link
Radio link
GE/FE Interface
Full set of OA&M functionality is provided at multiple layers: • Alarms and events • Maintenance signals (LOS, AIS, RDI, etc.) • Performance monitoring Support service provisioning, OA&M and SLA assurance • Maintenance commands (Loop-backs, APS commands, etc.)
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 50
8
3/9/2010
IEEE 802.1ag CFM (Connectivity Fault Management)
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Management Overview
•
Integrated web based element manager • HTTP based • Full set of EMS functionality - configuration, performance monitoring, remote diagnostics, alarm reports, etc.
•
SNMP interface to Ceragon’s PolyView NMS
•
Extensive CLI interface via local terminal or Telnet
Northbound NMS
CeraMap CeraMap
NMS Platform
PolyView IP-10 Web
IP-10 Web
EMS
EMS
SNMP HTTP
HTTP
CLI
Craft
HTTP
18
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 51
9
3/9/2010
Extensive radio capacity/utilization statistics
• Statistics are collected for 15-minutes, and 24-hours intervals • Statistics history is maintained • Capacity/ACM statistics • Maximum modulation in interval • Minimum modulation in interval • # of seconds in interval in which active modulation was below a user•
configured threshold Utilization statistics • Maximal radio link utilization in interval • Average radio link utilization in interval • # of seconds in interval in which radio link utilization was above a user-configured threshold
Ethernet in-band management • IP-10 can optionally be managed through the traffic carrying radio and Ethernet interfaces
• The in-band management support is based on a dedicated management VLAN
• The management VLAN ID is user configurable
Eliminates the need for dedicated management interfaces and network
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 52
10
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 53
11
3/9/2010
RFU-C & Mediation Devices
Proprietary and Confidential
The Most Comprehensive Portfolio
FibeAir® Family RFUs 6-38 GHz
Carrier Ethernet IP-MAX2
IP-10
3200T
EMS & NMS PolyView (NMS)
RFU-C
Multi-Service RFU-HP
IP-10
IP-MAX2
640P CeraView (EMS)
TDM
RFU-P, RFU-SP 1500R/1500P
3200T
2
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 54
1
3/9/2010
IDU – RFU Compatibility
RFU-C
1500R
IP-10
RFU-P, RFU-SP
RFU-HP
RFU-SP IP-MAX/IP-MAX2
640P
1500P
Proprietary and Confidential
3
IDU – IDU Compatibility Across Link 1500R
1500R
IP-10
IP-10
1500P
1500R
IP-MAX/IP-MAX2
IP-10
1500P chassis Cannot House 1500R IDC and IDMs 1500R chassis Cannot House 1500P IDC and IDMs Must Match IDU Type Across a Link 4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 55
2
3/9/2010
RFU-C direct mount configurations
1+0 direct
Proprietary and Confidential
5
RFU-C direct mount configurations 1+1 direct
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 56
3
3/9/2010
RFU-C remote mount configurations
1+0 remote
Proprietary and Confidential
7
RFU-C remote mount configurations 1+1 remote
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 57
4
3/9/2010
RFU-C antenna adaptors
• Adaptors for RFU-P direct antenna mount • Adaptors for NSN Flexi Hopper direct antenna mount • Adaptors for Ericsson R1A 23GHz direct antenna mount • Remote adaptors and configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
9
RFU-C to NSN antenna
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 58
5
3/9/2010
RFU-C to Ericsson antenna
11
(R1A 23GHz)
Proprietary and Confidential
[email protected] Thank You !
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 59
6
FibeAir ® IP-10 Installation
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
• • • • • • • • • • •
Unpacking Required Tools Installing the IDU in a rack Grounding Lightning Protection Connecting to a Power Supply IDU Front Panel Connecting RFU coax cable Interface Specification Protection Patch Panel Logging in, assigning IP address
Proprietary and Confidential
1
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 60
Unpacking
A single FibeAir system (1+0) is shipped in 5 crates Upon delivery, make sure that the following items are included:
• Two indoor units and accessories • Two outdoor units • One CD with a management user guide Unpack the contents and check for damaged or missing parts. If any part is damaged or missing, contact your local distributor.
Proprietary and Confidential
Required Tools
The following tools are required to install the IDU:
• Philips screwdriver (for mounting the IDU to the rack and grounding screw)
• Flathead small screwdriver (for PSU connector and to unlock the IDC/IDMs from the chassis)
• Sharp cutting knife (for wire stripping) • Crimping tool for ground cable lug crimping (optional: if alternative grounding cable is used)
Proprietary and Confidential
2
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 61
Installing the IDU in a rack
The FibeAir IP-10 IDU is installed in a standard ETSI 19" rack: secure the IDU with four screws (supplied)
IDU dimensions: D: 187.80 mm W: 435 mm H: 42.60 mm
Proprietary and Confidential
Grounding Connect the grounding cable between the IDU and the rack using a single screw with two washers Only copper wire should be used (at least 6 AWG). FibeAir provides a ground for each IDU, via a one-hole mounted lug onto a singlepoint stud (installed using a ULlisted ring tongue terminal, and two star washers for antiRotation). Proprietary and Confidential
3
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 62
Lightning Protection
Lightning protection kit is installed upon request between IDU and ODU It prevents transients of a greater magnitude than the following: Open Circuit: 1.2-50us 600V Short Circuit: 8-20us 300A
Proprietary and Confidential
Connecting to a Power Supply
When selecting a power source, the following must be considered: • DC power can be from -40.5 VDC to -72 VDC. • Recommended: Availability of a UPS and power generator • The power supply must have grounding points on the AC and DC sides • The user power supply GND must be connected to the positive pole in the IDU power supply.
Proprietary and Confidential
4
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 63
Connecting to a Power Supply
-48 vdc
0
(-) (+)
PSU (GND)
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Front Panel
16 x E1 / T1
CLI (DB9)
(Optional)
1 GbE SFP
RFU N-Type Interface
Baud: 115200 Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow Control: None
Proprietary and Confidential
5
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 64
IP-10 Front Panel
External
FE Copper
FE Copper
10/100 RJ45
10/100 RJ45
Alarms
Or
Or
(DB9)
Protection
Wayside
Channel
Channel
EOW
Fans
1 GbE Copper
(Engineering
User Channel
Order Wire)
V11,RS232
10/100/1000
FE Copper
RJ45
10/100 RJ45 Or
(RJ45) Up to 19.2Kbps
Out-Of-Band MNG
The FE interfaces can be configured as either FE, protection, wayside, or MNG Proprietary and Confidential
Connecting RFU coax cable
The Coax Cable that connects between the IDU and the RFU should be terminated with N-type male connectors Important! Make sure that the inner pin of the connector does not exceed the edge of the connector. The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.
Proprietary and Confidential
6
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 65
Interface Specification
Gigabit Ethernet (Optical) 1000Base-SX (Multi Mode) Wavelength: Receptacle: Connector: Max Segment Length: Cable Type:
850 nm MSA compliant SFP LC 220 m (1351 ft), 500 m (1650 ft) For Max. Segment = 220 m: 62.5 µm MMF For Max. Segment = 500 m: 50 µm MMF
Proprietary and Confidential
Interface Specification
Gigabit Ethernet (Optical) 1000Base-LX (Single Mode) Wavelength: Receptacle: Connector: Max Segment Length: Cable Type:
1350 nm MSA compliant SFP LC 550 m (1805 ft), 5000 m (16404 ft) For Max. Segment = 550 m: 62.5 µm MMF For Max. Segment = 5000 m: 10 µm SMF
Proprietary and Confidential
7
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 66
Interface Specification
Gigabit Ethernet / Fast Ethernet (Electrical) 1000BaseT (Twisted Pair Cable) Receptacle: Connector: Max Segment Length: Cable Type:
MSA compliant SFP RJ-45 Up to 100 m (328 ft) per IEEE802.3 Compatible with shielded and unshielded twisted pair category 5 cables
Proprietary and Confidential
Interface Specification
Optional 16xE1/T1 Connector: Interface Type: Number of ports: Timing mode: Framing: Coding E1: Coding T1: Range: Line Impedance: Compatible Standards:
MDR 69 pin, twisted pair E1/T1 16 per unit (optional) Retimed Unframed (full transparency) HDB3 AMI/B8ZS 5m 120 Ω/100 Ω balanced,75 Ω unbalanced (OPT) ITU-T G.703, G.736, G.775, G.823, G.824, G.828, ITU-T I.432, ETSI ETS 300 147, ETS 300 417, ANSI T1.105, T1.102-1993, T1.231, Bellcore GR-253-core, TR-NWT-000499
Proprietary and Confidential
8
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 67
Interface Specification
ETH Interfaces (Wayside, MNG, Protection) Connector: Used with: Protocols supported: Timing mode: Range: Impedance:
Shielded RJ-45 UTP Cat 5 Ethernet (10/100BaseT), half or full duplex Retimed 100 m 100 Ω
Proprietary and Confidential
Interface Specification
Order Wire Channel Interface Termination Type: Frequency band (KHz): Input impedance (ohms): Output impedance (ohms):
Headset stereo plug, 2.5 mm 0.3-3.4 ~2000 32
(64Kbps)
Proprietary and Confidential
9
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 68
Interface Specification
User Channel Interface The interface can be used for one of the following: • Asynchronous RS-232 • Asynchronous V-11 • Up to 9.6 Kbps
CVSD - Continuously variable slope delta modulation Proprietary and Confidential
Antenna Alignment (1)
• Connect the headset to AGC monitor BNC/TNC connector on ODU • Connect Digital Volt Meter (DVM) to the AGC BNC connector • Align the antenna until voltage reading is achieved (1.2 to 1.7Vdc) • Repeat antenna alignment at each end until the minimum dc voltage is achieved
• 1.30vdc = -30dBm • 1.45vdc = -45dBm • 1.60vdc = -60dBm • etc
Proprietary and Confidential
10
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 69
Antenna Alignment (2)
• Compare achieved RX level to calculated RX level • Keep aligning until the achieved level is up to 4 dB away from the calculated received signal level • If voltage reading is more than 4 dB away or higher than 1.7vdc, re-align antenna to remote site
Proprietary and Confidential
Commissioning and Acceptance
• Link is up (LED is green) • All LEDs are green (unless there is no input signal on the Line) • RSL is up to +/- 4dB from un-faded (calculated) RSL at both ends of the link • Radio BER 10E-11 or better • No Errors on BER test of line STM1 interfaces • Proper function of management software
Please refer to the “FibeAir Commissioning and Acceptance Procedure” document for detailed information
Proprietary and Confidential
11
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 70
LEDS
LINK:
GREEN – radio link is operational ORANGE - minor BER alarm on radio RED – Loss of signal, major BER alarm on radio
IDU:
GREEN – IDU functions ok ORANGE - fan failure RED – Alarm on IDU (all severities)
RFU:
GREEN – RFU functions ok ORANGE – Loss of communication (IDU-RFU) RED – ODU Failure
23
Proprietary and Confidential
LEDS
PROT:
GREEN – protection is configured and connected ORANGE – Forced switch, Protection lock RED – physical errors (no cable, cable failure) OFF – Protection is disabled, or not supported on device
RMT:
GREEN – remote unit OK (no alarms) ORANGE –minor alarm on remote unit RED – major alarm on remote unit
24
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 71
Logging in, assigning IP address
Verify that physical installation is successfully completed: • IDU mounting in rack • Power + GND • IF Cable between IDU and ODU Connect a PC to the Terminal connector and launch a serial application (Hyper Terminal, PuTTY, TeraTerm etc…) Log on using (admin/admin) for user name and password. Now, you should be able to see the IP-10 CLI Prompt: Note that the > sign indicates your location in the CLI tree
IP-10:/> >
Proprietary and Confidential
Logging in, assigning IP address
CLI basic commands: IP-10:/ >?
Type ? (question mark) to list helpful commands
IP-10:/ > exit
Type exit to terminate the session
IP-10:/ > cd IP-10:/ > cd ..
Type cd to navigate in the entity tree Type cd .. to return to “root” of entity tree
Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
Proprietary and Confidential
13
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 72
Logging in, assigning IP address To read current MNG IP, type the following: IP-10:/> >cd management/networking/ip-address/ IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address> > Note that the prompt has changed. Now, type get ip-address: IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>get ip-address Upon completion, the current IP will be displayed, followed by the new prompt: IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>get ip-address 192.168.1.1 IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>
Proprietary and Confidential
Logging in, assigning IP address
Now, let us set a new IP for the MNG (we assume your new IP is 192.168.1.144). Type set ip-address 192.168.1.144 IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>set ip-address 192.168.1.144
Upon completion, you will be prompt: You may lose remote management connection to the unit if this value is changed incorrectly. Are you sure? (yes/no): Type yes and continue to next step:
Proprietary and Confidential
14
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 73
More CLI commands
Editing Users -
IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/users
IP-10:/management/mng-services/users>
Adding JOHN as a user: IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> add-user JOHN
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More CLI commands
Adding JOHN as ADMIN user:
IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> add-user JOHN admin
Deleting JOHN (or other user) –
IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> delete-user JOHN
Proprietary and Confidential
15
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 74
User groups
CLI access groups:
Viewer
read-only access
Operator
read-write access but cannot add/remove other users
Admin
read-write access including add/remove other users
Tech (highest)
read-write access including add/remove other users as well as access to a bridge-specific CLI shell
Proprietary and Confidential
More CLI commands
To go back to factory defaults -
IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/cfg-service
In the new directory type the following:
IP-10:/management/mng-services/cfg-service>set-to-default
Proprietary and Confidential
16
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 75
Logging in to the EMS
Connect your working station to the IDU with ETH CAT.5 cable: • Verify that your WS IP is in the same subnet • Make sure Link is up • PING the IDU • Launch a WEB browser with a URL set as the IDU’s IP
User name: admin Password: admin Proprietary and Confidential
Logging in to the EMS
The homepage of the web-browser EMS should display the main view of the IP-10:
Now, we are ready to start configuring the system
Proprietary and Confidential
17
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 76
Thank You ! [email protected]
35
18
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 77
3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Performance Monitoring
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda EMS – General Information Faults: • Current Alarms • Event Log PM & Counters: • Remote Monitoring • TDM Trails • TDM interfaces • Radio (RSL, TSL, MRMC and MSE) • Radio TDM • Radio ETH 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 78
1
3/8/2010
EMS - General
Easy, user friendly GUI No need to install an application – WEB Based software No need to upgrade your EMS application – embedded in the IDU SW No need for strong working station – simple PC is sufficient (For maintenance issues FTP Server is required)
Easy access – simply type the IP address of the IDU on your web page Supports all IDU versions and configurations
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Faults - CAS The CAS window shows collapsed list of alarms By expanding a line we can see additional information: • Probable cause • Corrective Actions
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 79
2
3/8/2010
Faults – Event Log The Event Log shows max. 200 lines of events When Event #201 occurs, Event #1 is erased and #201 is logged as #200.
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Clearing previous data To erase all IDU PM data, click the CLEAR button -
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 80
3
3/8/2010
PM – RMON The system supports Ethernet statistics counters (RMON) display. The counters are designed to support: • RFC 2819 – RMON MIB. • RFC 2665 – Ethernet-like MIB. • RFC 2233 – MIB II. • RFC 1493 – Bridge MIB.
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – RMON – Special Registers RMON register / Counter
Description
Undersize frames received
Frames shorter than 64 bytes
Oversize frames received
Frames longer than 1632 bytes
Jabber frames received
Total frames received with a length of more than 1632 bytes, but with an invalid FCS
Fragments frames received
Total frames received with a length of less than 64 bytes, and an invalid FCS
Rx error frames received
Total frames received with Phy-error
FCS frames received
Total frames received with CRC error, not countered in "Fragments", "Jabber" or "Rx error" counters
In Discard Frames
Counts good frames that cannot be forwarded due to lack of buffer memory
In Filtered Frames
Counts good frames that were filtered due to egress switch VLAN policy rules
Pause frames received
Number of flow-control pause frames received Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 81
4
3/8/2010
PM – E1 / DS-1 (Radio PM) This PM data relates to the TDM Line Interfaces.
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PM – E1 / DS-1 (Radio PM) Here we can analyze TDM PM through the radio link
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 82
5
3/8/2010
PM – Radio Signal Level – RSL & TSL analysis Allows setting RSL & TSL thresholds EMS will notify when signal exceeds THSLD >> Easier maintenance
Aggregated radio traffic analysis MRMC – PM related to ACM: • Scripts • Bit rate • Radio VCs MSE analysis Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Radio – Signal Level - Example
- 40dBm = Nominal RSL for an operational Link Level 1: 25 sec Level 2: 15 sec 900 sec = 15min Interval Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 83
6
3/8/2010
PM – Radio – Signal Level - Example Using graphical display of the THSLD analysis allows us easier examination of the RSL & TSL state throughout certain period of time
RSL -40
-50
-68
T [sec]
-99 10
5
10
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Radio - Aggregate Aggregated radio traffic analysis
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 84
7
3/8/2010
PM – Radio - MRMC The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script assigned to the radio. When ACM is enabled and active, as link quality degrades or improves, the information is updated accordingly.
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Radio - MSE The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script assigned to the radio. When link quality degrades or improves, the MSE reading is updated accordingly. Differences of 3dB trigger ACM modulation changing. Threshold can be configured as well for easier maintenance.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 85
8
3/8/2010
PM – Ethernet ETH Traffic + Threshold settings: Frame Error Rate – Frame error rate (%) measured on radio-Ethernet interface Throughput – data bits measured on radioEthernet interface Capacity - overall Ethernet bits rate, data & overhead, measured on radio-Ethernet interface Utilization - (Actual Ethernet throughput, relative to the potential Ethernet throughput of the radio, excluding TDM channels). Utilization (%) is displayed as one of five bins: 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, 80-100% Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Ethernet
Ethernet throughput & Capacity PMs are measured by accumulating the number of Ethernet octets every second, as they are counted by the RMON counters
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 86
9
3/8/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 87
10
3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS General Configuration
Agenda
In this module we shall explain the following features as they appear on the EMS navigation Menu
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 88
1
3/8/2010
Unit Parameters – Step # 1
Configure specific information that may assist you later Such info will help you locate your site easier and faster
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Unit Parameters – Step # 1
VDC reading
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 89
2
3/8/2010
Unit Parameters – Step # 1
Celsius (metric) or Fahrenheit (Imperial) 5
Proprietary and Confidential
Unit Parameters – Step # 2
By default the time & date are derived from the operating system clock User may set new values These settings are also used for NTP connection (later explained)
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 90
3
3/8/2010
Unit Parameters – Step # 3 IDU Serial number is important when you submit your request for a License upgrade
When you complete configuring all settings, click Apply.
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Versions
This page shows the complete package of IDU and ODU software components 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 91
4
3/8/2010
Versions
Let’s explore this example: • The IDU running SW is displayed in the aidu line and currently it is 3.0.92 • A new SW was downloaded sometime in the past (3.0.97) • The IDU was not upgraded yet
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Versions – RFU files
The IDU holds all the SW files for all the components (IDU + ODU) You can see here the different files per ODU type
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 92
5
3/8/2010
External Alarms – Collapsed Input Alarm Config.
Dry Contact Alarms (DB-9): 5 Inputs 1 Output 11
Proprietary and Confidential
External Alarms – Expended Input Alarm Config.
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 93
6
3/8/2010
External Alarms – Configuring the Output Alarm ‘Group’ of alarms will trigger the external alarm Output. Communication – Alarms related to traffic: Radio / Ethernet line / TDM line Quality of Service – We do not have specific alarms of QoS Processing – Alarms related to SW: Configuration / Resets / corrupted files Equipment – Alarms related to: HW / FAN / RFU mute / Power Supply / Inventory. Environmental – Alarms of ‘extreme temperature’. All Groups.
Test mode – manual switch.
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Management – Network Properties
Here you can set the Network Properties of the IDU
This is the switch MAC address
If your link is up – you should be able to see the other end’s IP
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 94
7
3/8/2010
Management – Local Properties (Out of band)
The IDU has 3 ports for local management: Port 7, Port 6 and Port 5. You may enable none or up to 3 ports: Number of ports =3 Number of ports =2 Number of ports =1 Number of ports =0 15
Port 7, Port 6, Port 5 Port 7, Port 6 Port 7 NO LOCAL MANAGEMENT !!! Proprietary and Confidential
Management – In Band Properties
In Band Management requires unique VLAN ID This helps separating MNG traffic from other services In Band MNG packets are transferred via the radio link When the link is down, management is down as well.
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 95
8
3/8/2010
Management – Port Properties
These parameters allow you setting the management capacity and port properties
17
Proprietary and Confidential
Trap Configuration (OSS / NMS / Northbound)
To manage the IDU with OSS / NMS, you will need to configure the IP address of the OSS Server You may configure up to 4 Servers (Trap Destinations)
18
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 96
9
3/8/2010
Licensing – Default License “Demo” license can be enabled on-site, it expires after 60 days (operational time) Licenses are generated per IDU S/N upon request (capacity / ACM / switch mode)
License upgrade requires system reset.
19
Proprietary and Confidential
Licensing – Demo License Enabled
Demo License allows you full evaluation of the IDU functionality, features and capacities
20
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 97
10
3/8/2010
NTP Client Properties • Enable / Disable • Type NTP Server IP address • Expect IDU to lock on NTP Server’s clock • Expected Status: 1. If locked, it returns the IP address of the server it is locked on. 2. “Local” – if the NTP client is locked to the local element’s real-time clock 3. “NA” - if not synchronized with any clock (valid only when Admin is set to Disable). The feature supports “Time Offset” and “Daylight Saving Time”. “Time Offset” and “Daylight Saving Time” can be configured via WEB (“Unit Information” page) or via CLI: /management/mng-services/time-service>
Proprietary and Confidential
21
NTP Properties
22
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 98
11
3/8/2010
NTP Properties When using NTP with external protection 1+1, both “Active” and “Standby” units should be locked independently on the “NTP server”, and report independently their “Sync” status.
Time & Date are not copied from the “Active” unit to the “Standby” unit (CQ19584) When using NTP in a shelf configuration, all units in the shelf (including standby main units) are automatically synchronized to the active main unit’s clock.
Proprietary and Confidential
23
IP Table
Here you can manually set your neighbor’s network properties
24
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 99
12
3/8/2010
SNMP • V1 • V3
• No security • Authentication • Authentication privacy • SHA • MD5 • No Authentication
25
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
26
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 100
13
3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Switch Configuration
Agenda
1. Switch mode review 2. Guidelines 3. Single Pipe Configuration 4. Managed Mode Configuration 5. Managed Mode Common Applications
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 101
1
3/8/2010
Switch Modes 1. Single (Smart) Pipe (default mode, does not require license) – This application allows only single GbE interface as traffic interface (Optical GbE-SFP or Electrical GbE - 10/100/1000). Any traffic coming from any GbE interface will be sent directly to the radio and vice versa. This application allows QoS configuration. Other FE (10/100) interfaces can be configured to be "functional" interfaces (WSC, Protection, Management), otherwise they are shut down.
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Switch Modes 2. Managed Mode (license depended) – This application is “802.1Q” VLAN aware bridge, allowing L2 switching based on VLANs. This application also allows QoS configuration. All Ethernet ports are allowed for traffic. Each traffic port can be configured to be "access" port or "trunk" port:
Type
VLANs
Allowed Ingress Frames
Allowed Egress Frames
Access
Specific VLAN should be assigned to access the port
Only Untagged frames (or Tagged with VID=0 – "Priority Tagged“ )
Untagged frames
Trunk
A range of VLANs should be assigned to access the Port
Only Tagged frames
4
Tagged frames
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 102
2
3/8/2010
Switch Modes 3.
Metro Mode (license depended) –
This application is “802.1Q” VLAN aware bridge, allowing Q-in-Q (A.K.A. VLAN Stacking). This mode allows the configuration of a PE port and CE port. Allowed Ingress Frames
Type
VLANs
CustomerNetwork
Specific S-VLAN should be Untagged frames, or assigned to "Customerframes with C-tag Network" port (ether-type=0x8100).
ProviderNetwork
A range of S-VLANs, or "all" S-VLANs should be assigned to "ProviderNetwork" port
5
Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Allowed Egress Frames Untagged or C-tag (ether-type= 0x8100) frames. Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Proprietary and Confidential
Guidelines
• Changing switch modes requires a reset • Resets do not change the IP-10 settings (radio, configuration, etc.) • VLANs need to be created in the switch DB before assigned to a port
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 103
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3/8/2010
Single Pipe Configuration 7
Proprietary and Confidential
Single Pipe Configuration
Untagged VID 4
45 VID 51
IP-10 Switch
VID 100
Port 1: GbE (Optical or Electrical) Port 2: FE (RJ45)
8
Port 8 (Radio)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 104
4
3/8/2010
Configuration – Single Pipe
This is the default setting
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Single Pipe
Only one ingress port can be used:
Port 1 (Opt. or Elec.) Port 2 (RJ45) When one is enabled the other is disabled No need to configure VID membership 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 105
5
3/8/2010
Managed Mode Configuration 11
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Managed Mode Let’s use this diagram as an example Port #2 as Trunk (VID 200)
IDU-B IDU-A
Port #3 as Trunk (VID 300)
12
Radios as Trunk by default
Port #2 as Trunk (VID 200, VID 300)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 106
6
3/8/2010
Configuration – Managed Mode Make sure both IDUs are aware of the required VIDs You need to create the VIDs before you assign them to a certain port (Set # & Apply)
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Managed Mode Next steps: 1. Go to Interfaces page 2. Enable the required port (Ingress ports) 3. Configure the port type as Trunk or Access 4. Assign allowed VLAN IDs (port membership) 5. Radio port is automatically configured as Trunk, all VLANs are allowed by default
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 107
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3/8/2010
Configuration – Managed Mode
2
1
3
4 15
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Managed Mode – Common Applications Tagging / untangling
IP-10 Radio = Trunk Port
Access Port
Transmits and receives Untagged frames
Transmits and receives Untagged frames
PC
PC 192.168.1.200
192.168.1.100
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 108
8
3/8/2010
Configuration – Managed Mode – Common Applications Radio = Trunk Port
IP-10 Trunk Port
Multiple L2 streams, each identified with unique VID
Traffic Generator Trunk Port
17
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
18
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 109
9
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Trunk VS. Access
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
1. VLAN TAG Attributes 2. Access Port 3. Trunk Port 4. Extracting frames out of a trunk 5. General Guidelines 6. EMS Trunk Configuration
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 110
1
3/9/2010
VLAN TAG Attributes 1.
In L2 ETH switching, L2 traffic can be engineered using the VLAN TAG attributes
2.
L2 traffic is controlled by defining port membership: Access or Trunk
3.
Together, port membership + L2 traffic engineering convert connectionless to connection-oriented network
4.
In such networks, services are better deployed and maintained
5. • •
VLAN TAG attributes include: VLAN ID (12 bits) Priority Bits (3 bits)
5. • •
Additional attributes may be used to engineer traffic: MAC DA Port number
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Access Port •
Access Port is a port which is aware of a single VLAN only
•
Ingress traffic is expected to be Untagged, e.g. – no VLAN information exists within the received Ethernet frame
•
All frames that are received through this port are tagged with default VLAN (VID + P bits)
•
All frames that exit through this port towards customer devices are untagged (VLAN is removed)
•
Users can configure the L2 switch to assign different tagging scenarios to different ports
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 111
2
3/9/2010
Access Port Let us examine the Tagging / Untagging process of a L2 switch
•
L2 ETH SW
DA
SA
Type
Payload
FCS
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Access Port – Tagging ingress frames Let us examine the Tagging / Untagging process of Port #1
•
Tagging
Port #8
Port #1 DA
SA
VLAN TAG
Type
Payload
FCS
Tagged frame DA
SA
Type
Payload
FCS
Access Port:Untagged frame 6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 112
3
3/9/2010
Access Port – Utagging frames towards customer interfacing ports When Tagged frame from Network is forwarded to Access port, the VLAN Tag is removed
•
Untagging
Port #8
Port #1 DA
SA
VLAN TAG
Type
Payload
FCS
Tagged frame DA
SA
Type
Payload
FCS
Access Port: Untagged frame 7
Proprietary and Confidential
Access Port – Tagging multiple ports The switch can individually tag multiple Access ports with same VID or unique VID
•
Tagging
Port #8 Port #1
Port #2 DA
DA
DA SA Type Payload FCS SA Type Payload FCS
DA
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10 VLAN TAG = 33
Type Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
Access Ports: Untagged frames 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 113
4
3/9/2010
Trunk Port – multiple VIDs awareness To be able to transmit & receive multiple VLANs, the common port has to be configured as a Trunk Port
•
Trunk Port
Port #8 Port #1
Port #2 DA
DA
DA SA Type Payload FCS SA Type Payload FCS
DA
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10
Type
VLAN TAG = 33
Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
Access ports: Untagged frames 9
Proprietary and Confidential
Trunk Port – multiple VIDs awareness Any port can be configured as Trunk In this example, port #2 is facing customer device to forward all the network VLANs (TX&RX)
• •
Trunk Port
Port #8 Port #2 DA DA DA
SA
VLAN TAG = 10
SA VLAN TAG = 33 DA Untagged frames 10
Type Type
Payload Payload
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10 VLAN TAG = 33
Type Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
FCS FCS Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 114
5
3/9/2010
Trunk & Access – Extracting frames out of a Trunk
DA
•
A certain VLAN can be extracted out of a Trunk via Access port assigned with specific VLAN membership (Default VID)
SA
Type
Payload
FCS DA
SA
VLAN TAG = 33
Type
Payload
FCS
Port #5: Access
Port #8: Trunk DA
Port #2: Trunk
SA
DA
VLAN TAG = 10
SA VLAN TAG = 33 DA Untagged frames
Type Type
Payload Payload
11
DA
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10 VLAN TAG = 33
Type Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
FCS FCS Proprietary and Confidential
General guidelines •
Access port can only receive untagged frames from customer device
•
Access port can only transmit untagged frames towards customer device
•
Access port supports single VLAN
•
Access port can be connected to an Access port only
•
Trunk port can only receive / transmit tagged frames
•
Trunk port supports multiple VLANs
•
Trunk port can be connected to a Trunk port only
•
When configuring Access or Trunk port, membership needs to be defined next (which VLANs are supported…)
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 115
6
3/9/2010
EMS Trunk Configuration
2
1
3
4 13
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
14
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 116
7
3/8/2010
FibeAir® IP-10 EMS Metro Switch Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
1. Metro mode review 2. Common Applications: CN – PN – PN – CN 3. Common Applications: CN – PN – PN – PN 4. Switch Mode Configuration 5. CN Port Configuration 6. PN Port Configuration
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 117
1
3/8/2010
Metro Mode (license depended) This application is “802.1Q” VLAN aware bridge, allowing Q-in-Q (A.K.A. VLAN Stacking). This mode allows the configuration of a PE port and CE port. Allowed Ingress Frames
Type
VLANs
CustomerNetwork
Specific S-VLAN should be Untagged frames, or assigned to "Customerframes with C-tag Network" port (ether-type=0x8100).
ProviderNetwork
A range of S-VLANs, or "all" S-VLANs should be assigned to "ProviderNetwork" port
3
Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Allowed Egress Frames Untagged or C-tag (ether-type= 0x8100) frames. Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Proprietary and Confidential
Common Configurations: CN – PN – PN – CN Provider-Facing Port (PN) 1st VID is hidden Only S-VLAN is visible
Customer-Facing Port (CN)
Customer-Facing Port (CN)
Ingress frame (C-VLAN) is encapsulated with 2nd VID (S-VLAN)
Ingress frame (C-VLAN) is encapsulated with 2nd VID (S-VLAN)
CN port removes S-VLAN on opposite direction
4
CN port removes S-VLAN on opposite direction Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 118
2
3/8/2010
Common Configurations: CN – PN – PN – PN Provider-Facing Port (PN) 1st VID is hidden Only S-VLAN is visible
Customer-Facing Port (CN) Provider-Facing Port (PN)
Ingress frame (C-VLAN) is encapsulated with 2nd VID (S-VLAN)
S-VLAN is not removed
CN port removes S-VLAN on opposite direction
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Switch Mode Configuration
1
2 1. Set mode to Metro (requires reset) 2. Add the S-VLAN ID (set & apply)
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 119
3
3/8/2010
CN Port Configuration 1. Go to Interfaces / Ethernet Ports page 2. Enable the port 3. Set the type to Customer Network 4. Type the port ID (EVC name, free string) 5. Type the S-VLAN ID 6. Enable Port Learning 7. Apply & Refresh 8. See screen capture next slide 7
Proprietary and Confidential
CN Port Configuration
2 1
3 4 5
6 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 120
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3/8/2010
PN Port Configuration 1. Go to Interfaces / Ethernet Ports page 2. Enable the port 3. Set the type to Provider Network 4. Enable Port Learning 5. Edit (if needed) the allowed S-VLANs 6. Apply & Refresh 7. Set the required S-Tag (Ether-Type) 8. See screen capture next slide 9
Proprietary and Confidential
PN Port Configuration
2 1
3
1 4 6 5 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 121
5
3/8/2010
PN Port Configuration – Setting the S-Tag
7
11
• 0x88A8 • 0x8100 • 0x9100 • 0x9200
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
12
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 122
6
3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS RSTP Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • Student Perquisites • General Overview • Limitations • Site / Node Types • Switchover Criteria • In Band Management • Out of band Management • Configuration Example 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 123
1
3/8/2010
Student Perquisites Viewers / end-user are required to have previous experience prior to practicing this module:
1. End users should be familiar with Switch configuration 2. Be End users should be familiar with setting port membership 3. End users should be familiar with management mode configuration 4. End users should be familiar with configuring Automatic State Propagation
3
Proprietary and Confidential
General Overview Ceragon Networks ring solution enhances the RSTP algorithm for ring topologies, accelerating the failure propagation relative to the regular RSTP: • Relations between Root and Designated bridges when ring is converged in the first time is the same as defined in the standard RSTP. Ring-RSTP itself is different than “classic” RSTP, as it exploits the topology of the ring, in order to accelerate convergence. • Ethernet-Fast-Ring-RSTP will use the standard RSTP BPDUs: 01-80-C2-00-00-00. • The ring is revertible. When the ring is set up, it is converged according to RSTP definitions. When a failure appears (e.g. LOF is raised), the ring is converged. When the failure is removed (e.g. LOF is cleared) the ring reverts back to its original state, still maintaining service disruption limitations. • RSTP PDUs coming from “Edge” ports are discarded (and not processed or broadcasted). 4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 124
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Ring RSTP Limitations 1. Ring RSTP is a proprietary implementation of Ceragon Networks, and cannot interwork with other Ring RSTP implementations of other 3rd party vendors. 2. Ring RSTP can be activated only in “Managed Switch” application, and is not available in any other switch application (“Single Pipe” or “Metro”). 3. Ring RSTP should NOT be running with protection 1+1.
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Site / Node Types The ring can be constructed by two types of nodes/sites: 1. Node/Site Type A: • The site is connected to the ring with one Radio interface (e.g. East) and one Line interface (e.g. West). • The site contains only one IP-10 IDU. The Radio interface towards one direction (e.g. East), and one of the Gigabit (Copper or Optical) interfaces, towards the second direction (e.g. West). • Other line interfaces are in “edge” mode, meaning, they are user interfaces, and are not part of the ring itself.
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 125
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Site / Node Types The ring can be constructed by two types of nodes/sites: 2. Node/Site Type B: • The site is connected with Radios to both directions of the ring (e.g. East & West). • Site contains two IDUs. Each IDU support the Radio in one direction • One IDU runs with the “Ring RSTP”, and the second runs in “Single pipe” mode. • Both IDUs are connected via Gigabit interface (either optical or electrical). • Other line interfaces are in “edge” mode.
7
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Switchover / Convergence Criteria The following failures will initiate convergence: • Radio LOF • Link ID mismatch. • Radio Excessive BER (optional) • ACM profile is below pre-determined threshold (optional). • Line LOC • Node cold reset (“Pipe” and/or “Switch”). • Node power down (“Pipe” and/or “Switch”) • xSTP port disable / enable
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 126
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In-Band Management (1) In this scenario, management is part of the data traffic, thus, management is protected with the traffic when the ring is re-converged as a result of a ring failure. • “Managed Switch” IDUs will be configured to “In-Band”, while “Single Pipe” IDUs will be configured to “Out-of-Band”. • “Single Pipe” nodes will be connected with external Ethernet cable to the “Managed Switch” for management. • The reason for that requirement is the “automatic state propagation” behavior of the “Single Pipe” that shuts down its GbE traffic port upon failure, thus, management might be lost to it.
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In-Band Management (2)
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 127
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Out of band Management (1) • In this scenario, all elements (“Single pipe” and “Managed Switch” IDUs) should be configured to “Out-of-band”, with WSC “enabled”. Management will be delivered over WSC.
• External xSTP switch should be used in order to gain resilient management, and resolve the management loops.
• The following picture demonstrates 4 sites ring, with out-of-band management:
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Out of band Management (2)
12
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 128
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Configuration Example 13
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RSTP Example (1) Site #2
Site #1 3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #3) 3
4
5
6
7
MNG (slot #1)
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
X
Site #3 3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
• Establish the physical connections according to the setup scheme. • Leave one link disconnected to avoid loops (for example: site #3 to site #2) • Configure In-Band MNG using VLAN #200 (or other) on all main IDUs 14
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 129
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RSTP Example (2) Site #2
Site #1 3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #3) 3
4
5
6
7
MNG (slot #1)
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
X
Site #3 3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
• Connect extension IDUs (port #3) to Main IDUs (port #3 & port #4, members of VID #200). Use ETH cross-cables. • Configure Port 3 (& port 4 of site #2) of Main units as trunks members of VID 200 to transport the management packets 15
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RSTP Example (3) Site #2
Site #1 3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #3) 3
4
5
6
7
MNG (slot #1)
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
Site #3 3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
• Disconnect IDUs from Switch (except for GW IDU) • Enable RSTP on all Managed Switches (Main) • PING EMS to all Sites • Connect the broken radio link (site #1 to Site #3) 16
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 130
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RSTP Example (4)
• Use the EMS to learn which switch is the Root Bridge and which ports are the Root Ports. • Verify that the ring is set up properly (one Root) 17
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RSTP Example (5)
• Identify the Edge Ports and Non-Edge ports in your scheme and make sure they are configured the same in your setup 18
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 131
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RSTP Example (6)
• Identify the Edge Ports and Non-Edge ports in your scheme and make sure they are configured the same in your setup 19
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RSTP Example (7) Make sure that all RING IDUs (Pipe & Managed) are support Automatic State Propagation (enabled). Enabling ASP allows RSTP Ring to converge faster by propagating radio alarms into the Line and thus, accelerating port state changes.
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 132
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RSTP Example (8) • Disconnect a radio link and make sure PING to all Main units is maintained • Restore connectivity. • Disconnect a different radio link and make sure PING to all Main units is maintained
•Repeat the same tests with traffic and trails (SNCP).
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Thank You ! [email protected]
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 133
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FibeAir ® IP-10 QoS Concept & Implementation
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Agenda • Introduction • Why do we need QoS? • Not all Traffic are the same… • Traffic Engineering as a solution • QoS in IP-10
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 134
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Understanding QoS
Why do we need QoS? (1) Without controlling our Backbone /Core infrastructure • High cost of non-responsiveness: devices are deployed but not properly allocated to transport customer traffic • On the other hand – bad resource design results in congestion which will lead to network downtime costs due to degradation of performance • QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes network resources
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 135
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Why do we need QoS? (2) Mobile operators focus on reducing costs: • Mobile Broadband growth requires Backhaul expansions, hence: • Operators are stretching their cost-saving initiatives • Operators will look for new ways to drive further Backhaul savings • Operators must reduce their cost per Mbit • QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes network resources
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Backhaul Network
Business center
GE
WiMAX / 4G / LTE Cellular site WiMAX Ceragon TDM E1/T1
Ceragon
Hub / Aggregation site
2G/3G base station
5
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Fundamental Fact Dynamic WWW
Static WWW
Multimedia
emails FTP
Not all traffic is the same!
Skype
So why treated equally?...
Who’s first? 6
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 136
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Traffic Engineering as a Solution Your 1st assignment is identifying needs & solutions: Dynamic WWW
What is the BW requirement per service ? • Video requires more than voice
Static WWW
Multimedia
• Data requires less than video • FTP requires more than emails…
emails FTP
What is the delay sensitivity of each service? • Delayed Voice is inacceptable… • FTP can tolerate delays
Skype Your 2nd assignment is grouping services into SLAs: • Video & Multimedia – Low Services (Best Effort) • FTP – Moderate Service • Skype – Highest Service
Your 3rd assignment is configuring QoS in your network 7
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QoS in IP-10
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 137
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IP-10G L2 ETH Switch Ports
The IP-10’s L2 Switch has 8 ports:
• Port #1 GbE (Opt. / Elec.) • Port #2 GbE (Opt. / Elec.) • Port #3 to port #7 FE • Port #8 (Radio port)
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QoS Process Q4
Q4
25 10
50
Q1
Q3 Q2
Rate Limit
Queuing
Scheduling
Egress Port (s)
Ingress Port
10
Shaping
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 138
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Ingress Rate Limiting Users can configure maximum ingress rate per port Exceeding traffic will be discarded Rate limitation can be configured per type of traffic (Policers)
FE Max. Rate
25 10
100Mbps
Discard
Max. Allowed Rate
50
Pass Actual Customer Traffic
Time Example: Policer assigned to FE interface 11
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Using Queues Every port of the L2 switch examines the ingress traffic and then it sorts it in a buffer according to classification criteria This process is called Queuing Users can configure up to 4 queues for max. resolution of priorities
Q4
High
Q3 Q2 Q1 12
Low
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 139
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Custom Queuing
Packets sent through interface Sent packets Interface
Scheduling
13
Egress Queuing
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Scheduling (1) Once the queues are filled with information, we need to empty them Which queue should we empty first? Round-Robin: Emptying cycle is fixed – all queues are treated equally
Q4
High
Q4
Q3
Q3 Q1
Q1
Q2 Q1 14
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2 Pro: no “queue starvation” Con: no prioritization
Low Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 140
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Scheduling (2) Weighted Round-Robin: Emptying cycle is configurable – every queue can be given specific weight
Q4
High
Q4
Q4
Q3
Q1
Q3
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q2 Pro: no “queue starvation”
Q1
Low
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Scheduling (3) 4th Strict Priority: The switch will empty Q4 as long as it has something Once empty – switch will perform RR on lower queues If Q4 receives a frame during the Lower-Queues-RR, it will go back to focus on Q4
Q4
High
Q1
Q3
Q3 Q3
16
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q2
Q2 Q1
Q4
Pro: Optimized Prioritization Con: “Queue starvation”
Low Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 141
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Scheduling (4) All Strict Priority: The switch will empty a queue as long as the higher queue is empty
Q4
High
Q3 Q3
Q4
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q2 Pro: no “queue starvation” Q1 17
Low Proprietary and Confidential
Shaping Bursts beyond a EIR (Excessive Information Rate) can be buffered and retransmitted when capacity frees up, and only when shaping buffers are full will packets be dropped.
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 142
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Thank You ! [email protected]
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 143
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FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Basic QoS Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Perquisites End-users must be familiar with the following items prior to taking this module:
• Introduction to Ethernet • 802.1p/q • QoS (Concept) • IP-10 Switch Configuration • Trunk VS. Access 2
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 144
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Agenda • Step #1: Configure the switch • Step #2: Configure the switch ports • Step #3: Configure QoS per port • Process Review • Basic Configurations
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Step #1: Set your Switch • Configure the switch mode: Pipe / Managed / Metro • Configure VLAN IDs
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 145
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Step #2: Configure Switch Ports • Configure Port Type: Access / Trunk • Configure Port Membership
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Step #3: Configure QoS per Port
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 146
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Process Review
Policer per port
25 10
50
Rate Limit 8
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 147
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3 classifiers to audit & queue Ingress Traffic
Queuing
9
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Egress port Scheduler
Q4
Q4
Q1
Q3 Q2
Scheduling
10
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 148
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Egress Port Shaper
Shaping
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Basic Configurations
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 149
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1. Ingress Rate Limiting
Let’s say we want to limit Video streams from customer interface towards the network Video streams are characterized with a UDP protocol & multicast address Therefore we shall define a Policer to limit these parameters
13
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1. Ingress Rate Limiting – Setting a Policer There are 15 different traffic types that we can use Each Policer can have up to 5 conditions
14
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 150
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1. Attaching a Policer to a port To attach a Policer to a port simply type the Policer name
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2. Queuing according to Ingress P-Bits Click on the VLAN Pbits to Queue link to open the configuration table
Using this table we can map 8 priority levels to 4 queues or lower number of classes This table is global and can be used for other tasks as well
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 151
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2. Queuing according to Ingress P-Bits Select “VLAN Pbits” as the 3rd classifier as shown below:
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
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3. Queuing Ingress Frames according to MAC Click on the Static MAC link to open the configuration table
In this example, we prioritize 3 frames according to their MAC DA. The ingress frames are put in a queue according to the Priority settings and VLAN P-Bits to Queue table. Ingress frames with MAC DA that are not listed in this table will be handled by the next classifiers .
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 152
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3. Queuing Ingress Frames according to MAC Next, select “Queue Decision” as the 1st criteria
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
Frames with MAC that do not comply to the table will be classified by the 2nd & 3rd classifiers 19
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4. Queuing Ingress Packets according ToS / DSCP
Click on the “IP Pbits to Queue” Link to configure ToS /DSCP for IPv4 or IPv6
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 153
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4. Queuing Ingress Packets according ToS / DSCP Next, select “IP-TOS ” as the 3rd criteria
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
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5. Assigning Port traffic to a specific Queue Select “Port ” as the 3rd criteria Select to which queue the port should assign the ingress frames
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 154
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6. Queuing Ingress frames according to VLAN ID Click on the “VLAN ID to Queue” Link to configure the table
23
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6. Queuing Ingress frames according to VLAN ID Select “Queue Decision” as the 2nd criteria
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
Frames with VID that do not comply to the table will be classified by the 3rd classifier 24
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 155
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7. Egress Shaper
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 64kbps and 1Mbps requires setting it in steps of 64kbps
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 1Mbps and 100Mbps requires setting it in steps of 1Mbps
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 100Mbps and 1Gbps requires setting it in steps of 10Mbps 25
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Thank You ! [email protected]
26
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 156
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FibeAir ® IP-10 Advanced QoS Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • VLAN P-Bit Re-Map – Why? • Configuring the Re-Map Table • Queuing without Re-Map • Queuing with next classifier + Re-Map • Queuing + Re-Map • IP ToS over VLAN P-Bits • VLAN P-Bits over IP ToS • Using more than a single Classifier 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 157
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P-Bit Re-Map: Why? • Re-Map table is per port (e.g. every port can apply a different map) • Can be used to re-scale Customer CoS • Can be used to guaranty certain Customer priorities are reserved for specific purposes
Customer network
3
P-Bit
Service
P-Bit*
Service
0-2
Video
0-5
3–4
Data
Best Effort
5–6
MNG
6
MNG
7
Voice
7
Voice
L2 Switch (IP-10)
Provider network
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuring the Mapping Table Click on the “VLAN Pbits Remap Table” link to configure relevant settings
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 158
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Queuing without Re-Mapping Ingress Tagged frame VID
P-bit
Ingress Rate Limit
5
Queuing according to classifier
Egress Scheduler
Egress Shaper
VID
P-bit
Proprietary and Confidential
Skipping to next classifier with Re-Map Re-Map Table
Ingress Tagged frame VID
6
P-bit
Ingress Rate Limit
Queuing according to next classifier
Egress Scheduler
Egress Shaper
VID
P-bit*
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 159
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Queuing and Re-Mapping Re-Map Table
Ingress Tagged frame VID
7
P-bit
Ingress Rate Limit
Queuing according to classifier
Egress Scheduler
Egress Shaper
VID
P-bit*
Proprietary and Confidential
Conditional Classification
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 160
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IP ToS over VLAN P-Bits In case the ingress frame carries a VLAN and has an IP header Classification is according to IP TOS Otherwise the switch will apply the Default Configuration (Queue number).
L2 Tagged ETH
9
L3 IP Header
Proprietary and Confidential
VLAN P-Bits over IP ToS In case the ingress frame carries a VLAN and has an IP header Classification is according to VLAN P-Bits Otherwise the switch will apply the Default Configuration (Queue number).
L2 Tagged ETH
10
L3 IP Header
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 161
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Using more than a single Classifier As long as the ingress frames comply to the higher conditions, the system will not check lower conditions (Classifiers) If higher condition is not matched, the system will proceed to the lower condition and so on…
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Using more than a single Classifier Audit VID : if VID = 100 than apply “High Service” if VID = 200 than apply “Low Service”
otherwise -
Otherwise –
2nd criteria: VLAN ID
If ingress VID does not qualify (100 or 200)
100 or 200
then skip to -
Audit VLAN P-bits
Ingress frames
VID = ?
100
Highest
100
Highest
100
Highest
100
Highest
200
Lowest
3rd criteria: P-Tag 7
Highest
6 3
Different than 100 or 200 12
2 0
Lowest
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 162
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3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
13
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 163
7
3/9/2010
FibeAir® IP-10 Commissioning the Radio Link
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Link Common Attributes
IP-10
IP-10
RSL –
Received Signal [dBm]
MSE–
Mean Square Error [dB]: • Modulation status • Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
Max. TSL – Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm] Monitored TSL – Actual Transmission level [dBm]
2
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 164
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ATPC
ATPC – Adaptive Transmission Power Control The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies significantly with time and environment. This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range, and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
• Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter • Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image) Main Lobe Side Lobe
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 165
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ATPC – Adaptive Transmission Power Control To address this issue, online transmission power control that adapts to external changes is necessary. In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing the correlation between transmission power and link quality. With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time.
5
Proprietary and Confidential
ATPC – Adaptive Transmission Power Control 1. Enable ATPC on both sites 2. Set reference RSL (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link) 3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte) 4. Transmitters will reduce power to the min. possible level 5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. level
TSL Adjustments
ATPC module
Site A
6
Monitored RSL
Radio Transceiver
Radio
Radio Receiver
Feedback
Radio Receiver Signal Quality Check
-
Ref. RSL
RSL required change Site B
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 166
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ATPC OFF = High Power Transmission
ATPC:
Disabled
ATPC:
Disabled
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Monitored TSL: Monitored RSL:
10 dBm -53 dBm
Monitored TSL: Monitored RSL:
8 dBm -56 dBm
ATPC module
Radio Transceiver
Radio
Radio Receiver
Feedback
Site A
7
Radio Receiver
-
Signal Quality Check
Ref. RSL
RSL required change Site B
Proprietary and Confidential
ATPC ON = Reduced Power, cost & long-term maintenance ATPC: Ref. RSL:
Enabled -65 dBm
ATPC: Ref. RSL:
Enabled - 65 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Monitored TSL:
2 dBm (before 10)
Monitored TSL:
2 dBm (before 8)
Monitored RSL:
-60 dBm (before 53)
Monitored RSL:
-63 dBm (before 56)
ATPC module
Site A
8
Radio Transceiver
Radio
Radio Receiver
Feedback
Radio Receiver Signal Quality Check
-
Ref. RSL
RSL required change Site B
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 167
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MRMC Adaptive TX Power
MRMC Adaptive TX Power Designed to work with ACM in certain scenarios to allow higher Tx power available at lower order modulation schemes for a given modulation scheme.
When Adaptive TX is disabled: Maximum TX power is limited by the highest modulation configured in the MRMC ACM script. In other words, when link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will be limited to the value corresponding as Max. TX in 256QAM.
When Adaptive TX is Enable: When link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will increase to compensate for the signal degradation.
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 168
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MRMC Adaptive Power = OFF
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm (Max.) Signal Degradation = Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ MAX. TSL = 18 dBm
11
Proprietary and Confidential
MRMC Adaptive Power = ON
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm(Max.) Signal Degradation = Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ Monitored TSL = 24 dBm
12
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 169
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MRMC Adaptive Power It is essential that Operators ensure they do not breach any regulator-imposed EIRP limitations by enabling Adaptive TX. To better control the EIRP, users can select the required class (Power VS. Spectrum): • Class 2 • Class 4 • Class 5B • Class 6A • FCC RFU-C should have version 2.01 (or higher) for proper functionality of “Adaptive TX Power” feature.
The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the receiver assuming that the signal power is radiated equally in all directions 13
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Configuration
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 170
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Radio Settings – Local Radio Spectrum Mask FQ spacing (gap) between channels Monitored transmission power Monitored received signal Monitored Mean Square Error Required value = zero
Radio frequencies can be set locally or on remote unit as well (assuming links is up)
Enable / Disable Min. target RSL (local) Enable = no transmission Value depends on MRMC settings Encryption: must be identical on both IDUs
15
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Settings – Local Radio
Enable on both IDUs to get maximum throughput (500Mbps @ 56MHz)
16
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 171
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Radio Settings – Remote Radio
When the radio link is up, you can configure certain parameters on the remote unit: • Make sure Remote IP is available • Remote RSL can be read • Remote TSL can be set (depends on remote MRMC script) • Remote TX MUTE can be disabled (see next slide) • Remote target RSL for ATPC can be set
17
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Remote Un-Mute Simplified scheme
Site B is NOT transmitting but receiver is still ON
Site A is transmitting Site B
Site A 18
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 172
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Radio Thresholds
These settings determine the sensitivity / tolerance for triggering: • 1+1 HSB switchover • Ethernet Shutdown • PM generated alarms
19
Proprietary and Confidential
MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding Users may set the radio to a fixed capacity or automatic adaptive capacity using ACM. ACM radio script is constructed of a set of profiles. Each profile is defined by modulation order (QAM) and coding rate, while these parameters dictate profile’s capacity (bps). When ACM script is activated, system “chooses” automatically which profile to use according to the channel fading conditions. ACM TX profile can be different than ACM RX profile. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance. RX end is the one that initiates ACM profile upgrade or downgrade. When MSE is improved above predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to ‘upgrade’ its profile. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to “downgrade’ its profile. 20
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 173
10
3/9/2010
MRMC
We shall review this page using the following slides: 21
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MRMC – reading current script MAX. Capacity (w/out compression) ACM Script
CH. BW
Modulation Spectrum Mask
ACM is on
Spectrum Class Type
22
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 174
11
3/9/2010
MRMC – Reading current capacity
23
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Thank You ! [email protected]
24
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 175
12
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Configuring Interfaces
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • Ethernet Interfaces • TDM Interfaces • Auxiliary Channels • Wayside Channel (Various Configurations)
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 176
1
3/9/2010
Ethernet Ports Configuration Configuring ETH ports is discussed in previous modules: • Switch Configuration • Trunk VS. Access • Metro Switch Configuration • QoS Configuration Interface
Rate
Functionality Single Pipe
Managed SW / Metro
ETH 1 (SFP)
GbE
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
ETH 2 (RJ 45)
GbE
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
ETH 3 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / Protection
Disabled / Traffic / Protection
ETH 4 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / Wayside
Disabled / Traffic / Wayside
ETH 5 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
Disabled / Traffic / MNG
ETH 6 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
Disabled / Traffic / MNG
ETH 7 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
Disabled / Traffic / MNG
ETH 8 Radio (N Type)
According to Licensed fq.
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet Ports Configuration
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 177
2
3/9/2010
TDM Ports Configuration IP-10 has 16 TDM ports Supported PHYs: • E1 • DS1 Dynamic allocation: Radio bandwidth (which may vary in ACM) is automatically allocated in the following order: 1. High-priority TDM trails 2. Low-priority TDM trails 3. Ethernet traffic (Data + Management, QoS should be considered) TDM trails in both sides of a link should have identical priorities.
5
Proprietary and Confidential
TDM Ports Configuration
Priority is used for ACM – When throughput reaches max. link capacity the system will drop first ETH traffic and then TDM low priority ports
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 178
3
3/9/2010
Auxiliary Interfaces
• •
Up to 19200 baud, Asynchronous RS-232. Up to 19200 baud, Asynchronous V.11.
EOW may be used as a simple solution for on-site communication between two technicians / installers / etc.
7
Proprietary and Confidential
WSC Interface • WSC interface is limited to 1628 bytes. • 2.048Mbps (Wide) or 64Kbps (Narrow) • Consumes BW from the total link BW
Out of band Management using WSC: In this case, remote system is managed using Wayside channel. On both local & remote units, Wayside channel will be connected to management port (using cross Ethernet cable). WSC can be configured to "narrow“ capacity (~64kbps) or "wide" capacity (~2Mbps). It is recommended to use “wide” WSC in order to get better management performance, since “narrow” WSC might be too slow. 8
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 179
4
3/9/2010
OOB MNG in a 1+0 standalone link
At least 2 management ports are needed in a local unit: One port for local management, and 2nd port that will be connected to Wayside port. On remote unit, Wayside port will be connected to management port. 9
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OOB MNG in a 1+1 standalone IDUs (Y-Splitter)
WSC port will be connected in each unit to other available management port. In remote site, each unit's Wayside port should be connected to management port. 10
Active & Standby MNG ports have 2 options to be connected to the Host: Using Ethernet splitter cable connected to external switch. Using Protection "Patch Panel".
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 180
5
3/9/2010
OOB MNG in a 1+1 standalone IDUs (P. Panel)
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
12
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 181
6
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Automatic State Propagation
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • Introduction • Interfacing IP-10 with external devices • Configuration VS. Functionality • Dead Lock Example • ASP in Managed / Metro Mode
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 182
1
3/9/2010
Introduction “Automatic State Propagation” ("GigE Tx mute override") enables propagation of radio failures back to the line, to improve the recovery performance of resiliency protocols (such as xSTP).
The feature allows the user to configure which criteria will force GbE port (or ports in case of “remote fault”) to be muted / shut down, in order to allow the “network” find alternative paths. The feature is not operational in "External Protection".
3
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Interfacing IP-10 with external devices When external devices do not support Fault Propagation – Configure the following: 1. Enable Local LOC - to mute local GbE when LOC is raised 2. Enable Remote Fault – to mute local transmitter in case of remote LOF / Link ID mismatch & LOC 3. Enable Local Excessive BER – recommended but not necessary
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 183
2
3/9/2010
Interfacing IP-10 with external devices When external devices support Fault Propagation (another IP-10) – Configure the following: 1. Disable Local LOC 2. Enable Remote Fault – to mute local transmitter in case of remote LOF / Link ID mismatch & LOC 3. Disable Local Excessive BER - to avoid a dead lock scenario
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration VS. Functionality
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 184
3
3/9/2010
Configuration VS. Functionality
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration VS. Functionality
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 185
4
3/9/2010
Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
RX
RX
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A
9
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Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
RX
RX
TX
LOC
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 186
5
3/9/2010
Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
RX
X
RX
LOC
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised 3. LOC alarm triggers Site A to shut down its transmitter (TX Mute)
11
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Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
LOC
RX
RX
X
LOC
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised 3. LOC alarm triggers Site A to shut down its transmitter (TX Mute) 4. Site B detects silence on ingress port and declares LOC
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 187
6
3/9/2010
Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
LOC
X
RX
X
RX
LOC
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised 3. LOC alarm triggers Site A to shut down its transmitter (TX Mute) 4. Site B detects silence on ingress port and declares LOC 5. Site B shuts down its transmitter – both sites are in a state of a dead lock 13
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ASP in Managed Mode • Alarms are never propagated to a GbE port • GbE will never shut down • Alarms will be propagated to the Radio port • In 1+1 external protection, ASP is disabled.
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 188
7
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
15
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 189
8
3/9/2010
FibeAir® IP-10 1+1 External Protection
Proprietary and Confidential
Introduction • When a switchover occurs, and previous "Active" becomes "Standby", accessing the new "Active" will be done using its IP address • A "Protection Panel" or protection split cable is designed to implement E1/DS1 splitters. • Y-Split cables must be used for Ethernet signals.
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 190
1
3/9/2010
Setup Example (Standalone IDUs)
3
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Configuration Steps (1) Item Step Description
4
Check
1
Set both IDUs to factory default
2
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have identical HW (same P/Ns…T-Cards…Auxiliary interfaces etc.)
3
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have identical SW version
4
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have identical License
5
Configure Active + Standby IDUs to have identical Switch Mode (Pipe…Managed…Metro)
6
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have unique IP address per chassis
7
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have the same Management settings (Out of band / In-Band & VID)
8
Install 1st IDU
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 191
2
3/9/2010
Configuration Steps (2) Item Step Description
Check
9
1st
10
1st IDU: Lock Protection
11
Install 2nd IDU
12
2nd IDU: Enable Protection
13
Connect ETH cross-cable between the protection ports of the two IDUs (when units are not in a shelf)
14
Disconnect the MNG cables from both IDUs
15
Connect ETH Y-splitter to both IDUs (to the MNG ports)
16
Connect your MNG cable to the Y-Splitter cable and verify both IDUs can be managed
17
Verify Active IDU shows Mate IP address
IDU: Enable Protection (MNG will be lost for 60 sec.)
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration Steps (2) Item Step Description
Check
18
Click “Open Mate” and log in to the mate IDU
19
Verify there are no “Configuration Mismatch” alarms
20
Verify there are no “Mate Communication failures”
21
Complete system setup (cabling & configuration)
22
In Active IDU – click “Copy to Mate” (STBY IDU will restart)
23
Initiate Manual Switchover and Forced Switchover: verify traffic is OK.
Note: The IDU, which is connected to the ODU fed by the lower attenuation channel of the RF coupler, is the IDU that should be selected as "Active". Note: The same procedure should be issued in the remote end, while installing the radio. 6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 192
3
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
7
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 193
4
CFM (OAM IEEE 802.1ag) Connectivity Fault Management
Module Version V2.0
Perquisites
Prior to this configuration, end-user need to be familiar with the following modules:
• • • • •
2
Ethernet Frame Structure 802.1p/q CFM Theory Switch Configuration Interfaces Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
1
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 194
Agenda • CFM: Why? • • • • • • •
Preliminary configuration Setup Review Configuration Flow Configuration Review Manual PING Manual Linktrace Automatic Linktrace
3
Proprietary and Confidential
CFM: WHY ? •
By definition, L3 IP or L2 ETH are Connection-less networks
•
In connection-less networks we are blind – unable to determine packet path or latency
•
This makes troubleshooting and maintenance a harder task
•
Solution: we need to convert our Connection-less network into a Connection-Oriented network
IN
?
IN
Connection-Less 4
Connection-Oriented Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
2
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 195
CFM: WHY ? •
Connection-Oriented networks (ATM, IP/MPLS) enable administrators setting a pre-defined packet path, reserving BW per service, faster event detection and thus – effective troubleshooting & maintenance
•
Such technologies are too expensive and sometimes not feasible for Mobile Operators / Mobile Backhaul solutions
•
Solution: use a cheaper technology with enhanced features:
Ethernet Core + Operations, Administration & Maintenance support (CFM)
CFM enables L3 operations such as Traceroute and PING with a simpler ETH infrastructure Connection-Oriented 5
Proprietary and Confidential
Preliminary Configuration
1. Make sure you define the required VLAN IDs in the Switch DB prior to OAM configuration 2. Prepare a Network Design Map with required configuration (MIP / MEP / IDs / MAC per device….) 4. Make sure IP-10 Interfaces are configured according to your Network Criteria (Trunk / Port VID Membership ). 5. Every CFM interface (including Radio) must be aware of the required VIDs (Port membership)
6. CFM requires physical connection, therefore – make sure your interfaces are enabled on both sides (DCE and DTE)
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
3
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 196
Setup Review (MAIDs):
Domain 1 Services: D1S1: MEP 1 to MEP 2, Level 3, VLAN 1000
1 D1S2: MEP 3 to MEP 4, Level 3, VLAN 2000
3
4 2 Domain 2 Services:
5
D2S2:
6
MEP 5 to MEP 6, Level 2, VLAN 1000 MEP MIP 7
Proprietary and Confidential
CFM Configuration Flow: 1
Create VLANs in Switch DB Assign VID membership per port
2
Create Domains and Services
3
Assign MIPs
4
You may use Advanced features to troubleshoot a L2 problem…
All Steps must be configured on both IP-10s Make sure you follow the same syntax…
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
4
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 197
Configuration
Switch Configuration – Mode and VIDs
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
5
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 198
Switch Configuration – Port Configuration
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Creating MAIDs Click on the Add button to add domains (use the setup diagram as a reference) You will need to specify: 1. 2. 3. 4.
12
Domain Name Level (1 to 7) Association Name VLAN ID
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
6
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 199
Creating MAIDs Create the domains as depicted in the setup diagram on both IDUs Settings must be unique and identical
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Domains defined… You should see the following status on your MAID list page (on both IDUs): If you point your cursor to the “No MEPs” indication LED, you will be notified that MEPs need to created as well
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
7
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 200
Defining MEPs Click on the ADD button to add a local MEP on both IDUs Continue to next slide to observe how…
15
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Defining MEPs Port #3 MEP ID: 1
Port #3 MEP ID: 2
16
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
8
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 201
RIGHT IP-10
Remote MEPs not defined yet…
17
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RIGHT IP-10
LEFT IP-10
Enable CCM on both IDUs
18
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
9
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 202
CCM enabled > Remote MEP is detected
As you can see, CCM enables auto-learning, hence – both MEPs discover each other (MAC and remote MEP ID are now known) New alarms indicate that process of creating the remote MEP is not fully complete 19
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Creating Remote MEPs
Click on the Add button to add a remote MEP on every IDU
20
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
10
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 203
Creating Remote MEPs Port #3 Local MEP ID: 1 Remote MEP: 2
Port #3 Local MEP ID: 2 Remote MEP: 1
21
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Service #1 (D1S1) is ready for monitoring!
Click on the “PING” button to check connectivity to Remote interface (results on next slide) 22
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
11
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 204
PING results (MEP1 to MEP2)
23
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“D1S2” – Creating another service We shall create a new service (S2) using the same Domain (D1) (hence- same level) To separate the 2 services, we shall assign a new VLAN
MEP1 MEP 3 MEP 4 MEP 2
New Domain: D1S2 MEP 3 to MEP 4 Level 3 VLAN 2000
The new service D1S2 will monitor the Radio ports 24
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
12
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 205
“D1S2” – Creating another service Using the MAID list, add the new service on both IDUs:
MEP 3 MEP 4
25
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“D1S2” – Creating Local MEPs Please note - Radio port MEP should be defined as a Downstream MEP
MEP 3 MEP 4
26
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
13
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 206
“D1S2” – Enable CCM on both IDUs
MEP 3 MEP 4
27
Proprietary and Confidential
“D1S2” – Add Remote MEPs on both IDUs
MEP 3 MEP 4
28
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
14
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 207
“D1S2” Service is now ready for monitoring
29
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“D2S2” – another service on another Domain
“D2S2” 5 6
30
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
15
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 208
“D2S2” – another service on another Domain
31
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Adding Local MEPs
Local MEP 5 Remote MEP 6 Local MEP 6 Remote MEP 5
32
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
16
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 209
Enabling CCMs…Adding Remote MEPs… Once you complete these tasks, your 3rd service is ready for monitoring
33
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Adding MIPs to enhance Monitoring The MIPs can be regarded as Service-free test-points MIPs provide more segments regardless of VLANs and Services
1
More test-point – More L2 capabilities!
We shall add a MIP point on every Radio interface
Make sure you set the MIP level according to the level of the “Parent” domain 34
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
17
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 210
Adding MIPs to enhance Monitoring In the MEP & MIP list, we can see the switch ports and there MACs: In our example, we need to add a MIP on the Radio port Therefore, we shall expand the Radio port to configure the MIP Add MIPs on both radio ports (both IDUs)
35
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Adding MIPs to enhance Monitoring
Please make a note of the Radio MAC address of each IDU – we shall need it later 36
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
18
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 211
MAC addresses of participating interfaces 00:0A:25:01:8F:AD 00:0A:25:56:27:AC
00:0A:25:56:27:C6
1
00:0A:25:56:27:C2
Please note – the above MACs are an example of given setup 37
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Manual PING | Manual Link Trace | Automatic Link Trace
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 212
Manual PING To PING from MEP 1 to MEP 2, you will need to set the following parameters: • Remote interface MAC • Level • VLAN Successful PING requires setting the correct path
39
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Manual Linktrace To trace an interface , you will need to set the following parameters: • Remote interface MAC • Level • VLAN Successful Trace requires setting the correct path
Results on next slide
40
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
20
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 213
Manual Linktrace Results FDB – MIP informing us that it received the LTM (link race message), it is not who we are looking for but it knows how to reach the target interface
We have traced 2 MIPs (on every Radio port)
Eventually we traced MEP 1 (HIT)
41
Proprietary and Confidential
Automatic Linktrace To enable Auto Linktrace – select the checkbox next to the target Remote MEP and then click “ADD SELECTED”
42
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
21
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 214
Automatic Linktrace Click “Linktrace SELECTED”
43
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Thank You ! training.ceragon.com
44
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
22
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 215
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Loopback Maintenance
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
In this module we shall describe the various actions we can perform to properly maintain and troubleshoot the IP-10 system
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 216
1
3/9/2010
RFU RF Loopback
RFU RF LB
3
Proprietary and Confidential
RFU RF Loopback Use it to verify communication from Line to ODU is OK (including ODU) • Traffic affecting – TX is stopped • Configurable Timer to automatically restore traffic ( 0 = no time limits) • RFU LED is RED when Loopback is ON • LINK LED is GREEN when Loopback is ON • Alarm is displayed in Current Alarms:
• and Event log:
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 217
2
3/9/2010
IF Loopback
IDU IF LB
5
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IF Loopback Use it to verify communication from Line to IF cable is OK • Traffic affecting – TX is stopped • Configurable Timer to automatically restore traffic (0 = no time limits) • LINK LED is GREEN when Loopback is ON • Alarm is displayed in Current Alarms:
• and Event log (next slide):
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 218
3
3/9/2010
IF Loopback – Analysis using Event Log Let’s assume radio link is down – LINK LED is RED 16:29:01
We enable IF LB, therefore Link alarms clear
16:29:05
Loopback replaces remote unit – therefore alarm disappears
16:30:01
Loopback automatically stops, link recovers to original state
16:30:05
Radio link is down (original state)
7
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PDH Line LB towards Line (NE)
LB towards the line
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 219
4
3/9/2010
PDH Line LB towards Line (Near End) Use this feature to evaluate connection to customer’s patch-panel Alarm is displayed in CAS:
and in Event Log:
9
Proprietary and Confidential
PDH Line LB towards Radio (FE)
LB towards the radio
Tester 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 220
5
3/9/2010
PDH Line LB towards Radio – Event Log Analysis Let’s assume PDH port #1 is enable but not connected Therefore, Major alarm is on (RED)
16:59:44
We enable Line LB towards the radio
16:59:46
Loopback replaces end-device – therefore alarm disappears
17:06:37
Loopback is OFF
17:06:38
PDH port alarm is ON again…..
11
Proprietary and Confidential
IDU-RFU Interface Monitoring
Before you leave the site, make sure that these registers are elapsed (zero)\ When one of these registers is different than 0 – you need to report to your support representative In such case, perform the Loopbacks we have just covered to narrow down the probable causes for the errors
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 221
6
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
13
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 222
7
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Backup Maintenance
Agenda
In this module we shall describe the various actions we can perform to properly maintain and troubleshoot the IP-10 system using: 1. 2. 3. 2
Configuration File Unit Information File FTP Server Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 223
1
3/9/2010
Configuration File The Configuration file stores the following parameters:
• License • External Alarms • SNMP Trap Destination • NTP Server Properties • Radio properties: Frequency, RSL, TSL, ATPC, etc. • Switch Mode and database: Port types, VLAN membership, etc. • Interface Configuration: PDH, TDM, Ethernet Switch •Trail Configurations • Service OAM • Security: user accounts, login properties, etc.
3
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Unit Information File The Unit Information file stores the following parameters:
• Date & Time •Daylight Saving Time properties • System name and other ID parameters • Measuring properties (voltage, temperature) • Accumulated Performance Monitoring logs • Serial numbers
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 224
2
3/9/2010
Local FTP Server Uploading or Downloading the CFG & Unit files requires an FTP Server As long as your IP-10 communicates with the server, its location is irrelevant
EMS PC with local FTP Server installed
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Remote FTP Server You may assign a remote server to host the configuration and unit files
EMS PC
6
Remote FTP Server
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 225
3
3/9/2010
FTP Root Directory Every Server has its own properties. Make sure you are familiar with your FTP Root Directory: this is where the files are stored (software versions, CFG & Unit).
Examples for SW packages
Examples for CFG & Unit Files 7
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Configure your FTP Server Properties
1
2 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 226
4
3/9/2010
Upload / Download
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Click “Create Archive” to allow the IP-10 zipping all parameters into one file
10
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 227
5
3/9/2010
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server)
Wait till task is successfully completed
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Next step: Click “Upload Archive” to allow the IP-10 transferring the zipped file to your server
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 228
6
3/9/2010
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Wait till task is successfully completed
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Check your FTP Root Directory
This is your copy of the configuration file You may place it now in the dedicated folder (Configuration Files)
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 229
7
3/9/2010
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Follow the same steps to upload the Unit Information file:
1 15
2 Proprietary and Confidential
Check your FTP Root Directory
This is a copy of your Unit Information file
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 230
8
3/9/2010
Downloading the CFG File (Server IP-10) Follow the same steps to download the CFG file When download completes successfully, you will need to restart the system for changes to take place Please note – if the file does not exist in the root directory action will fail !
1 17
2 Proprietary and Confidential
Setting the unit back to Factory Defaults
You can restore your system to factory defaults You may also set the IP address to factory default address (192.168.1.1) 18
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 231
9
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 232
10
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Security Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • SSH • HTTPS • SFTP • Users & Groups • Password
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 233
1
3/9/2010
Security Configuration Update first FTP connection
Proprietary and Confidential
SSH – Secured Shell • SHHv1 and SSHv2 are supported. • SSH protocol can be used as a secured alternative to "Telnet". • SSH protocol is always be operational. Admin user can choose whether to disable
• "Telnet" protocol, which will be "enabled" by default. Server authentication will be based on IP-10’s "public key".
• Key exchange algorithm is RSA. • Supported Encryptions: aes128-cbc, 3des-cbc, blowfish-cbc, cast128-cbc, • • •
arcfour128, arcfour256, arcfour, aes192-cbc, aes256-cbc, aes128-ctr, aes192-ctr, aes256-ctr. MAC (Message Authentication Code): SHA-1-96 (MAC length = 96 bits, key length = 160 bit). Supported MAC: hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, hmacripemd160, hmac-sha1-96, hmacmd5-96' The server will authenticate the user based on “user name” and “password”. Number of failed authentication attempts is not limited. Server timeout for authentication: 10 min. This value cannot be configured.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 234
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3/9/2010
HTTPS In order to manage the system using HTTPS protocol, user should follow the following steps:
• 1. Create the IDU certificate based on IDU's public key. • 2. Download the IDU certificate. • 3. Using CA certificate (Optional steps) i. Download the IDU CA's certificate. ii. Enable WEB CA certificate.
• 4. Set WEB Protocol parameter to HTTPS
Proprietary and Confidential
HTTPS – Public Key Upload The public key should be uploaded by the user for generating the IDU’s digital certificate:
• • • •
The upload will be done by using FTP/SFTP (s The public key file will be in PEM format. Click “Upload Public Key” The status of the “upload” operation can be monitored. The returned status values are: “ready” (default), “in-progress”, “success”, “failed”. In any case of failure, an appropriate error message will appear.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 235
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3/9/2010
HTTPS – Certificate Download (1) Download IDU server certificate and/or IDU CA certificate (optional) : • • •
Download is done by using FTP/SFTP. PEM and DER certificate formats are supported. For downloading the IDU server certificate and/or IDU's CA certificate to the system, the following steps must be fulfilled for each file type:
Determine certificate file name (“Admin” privilege). Determine the certificate file type (“Admin” privilege): “Target Certificate” (for WEB server digital certificate) or “Target CA certificate” (for WEB CA digital certificate).
Determine certificate file format (“Admin” privilege): Format could be PEM (for PEM formatted file), or DER (for DER formatted file).
Determine whether to include the CA certificate into the WEB configuration definitions. This is an optional configuration and is recommended for adapting the WEB interface to all the WEB browsers applications (“Admin” privilege). Proprietary and Confidential
HTTPS – Certificate Download (2) After setting the above configurations, a “Download Certificate” command should be issued.
The status of the download operation can be monitored. The returned status values are: “ready”, “in-progress”, “success”, “failed”.
It is recommended to “refresh” the WEB page when certificate download operation is terminated.
To apply the new certificate, the WEB server should be restarted (“Admin” privilege). WEB server will be automatically restarted when it is configured to HTTPS.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 236
4
3/9/2010
HTTPS - Activation WEB interface protocol can be configured to be HTTP (default) or HTTPS (cannot be both at the same time). While switching to HTTPS mode, the following must be fulfilled: • WEB server certificate file exist. • Certificate public key is compatible to IDU’s private key. • If one of the above tests fails, the operation will return an appropriate error indication. • Open WEB Browser and type the URL ”https:\\”. Note: This parameter is NOT copied when “copy to mate” operation is initiated, for security reasons (unsecured unit should not be able to override security parameters of secured unit).
Proprietary and Confidential
SFTP (Secure FTP)
SFTP can be used for the following operations:
• • • • •
Configuration upload/download, Upload the unit info. Upload public key. Download certificate files. SW download
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 237
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3/9/2010
USERS, GROUPS & PASSWORD Proprietary and Confidential
Adding Users
To add / edit users & groups click on the item as shown in the captured imaged (left)
Click Add User to add new users…
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 238
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3/9/2010
Adding Users
Proprietary and Confidential
Adding Users
New users will be required to change their password when they log in for the first time
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 239
7
3/9/2010
Changing Password A valid password should be a mix of upper and lower case letters, digits, and other characters. You can use an 8 character long password with characters from at least 3 of these 4 classes. An upper case letter that begins the password and a digit that ends it do not count towards the number of character classes used.
Proprietary and Confidential
Changing Password Good example: L00pBack – using capital letters, small letters and digits (zeros instead of “O”)
Bad example: Loopback – missing digits or other characters Loopbacks – using more than 8 characters
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 240
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3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
17
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 241
9
FibeAir® IP-10
License Management Guide
Part ID: BM-0139-0 Doc ID: DOC-00019183 Rev a.00 November 2008
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 242
Notice This document contains information that is proprietary to Ceragon Networks Ltd. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified, or distributed without prior written authorization of Ceragon Networks Ltd. This document is provided as is, without warranty of any kind.
Registered TradeMarks Ceragon Networks® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. FibeAir® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. CeraView® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
TradeMarks CeraMapTM, PolyViewTM, EncryptAirTM, ConfigAirTM, CeraMonTM, EtherAirTM, and MicroWave FiberTM, are trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Ceragon Networks Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this document or equipment supplied with it.
Information to User Any changes or modifications of equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment and the warranty for such equipment. Copyright © 2008 by Ceragon Networks Ltd. All rights reserved.
Corporate Headquarters: Ceragon Networks Ltd. 24 Raoul Wallenberg St. Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Tel: 972-3-645-5733 Fax: 972-3-645-5499 Email: [email protected]
www.ceragon.com
North American Headquarters: Ceragon Networks Inc. 10 Forest Avenue, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA Tel: 1-201-845-6955 Toll Free: 1-877-FIBEAIR Fax: 1-201-845-5665 Email: [email protected]
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 243
European Headquarters: Ceragon Networks (UK) Ltd. 4 Oak Tree Park, Burnt Meadow Road North Moons Moat, Redditch, Worcestershire B98 9NZ, UK Tel: 44-(0)-1527-591900 Fax: 44-(0)-1527-591903 Email: [email protected] APAC Headquarters Ceragon Networks (HK) Ltd. Singapore RO Level 34 Centennial Tower 3 Temasek Avenue Singapore 039190 Tel - + 65 6549 7886 Fax: +65 6549 7011
Contents General .......................................................................................................... 1
Getting Started .............................................................................................. 1
How to use the System................................................................................. 5
Managing the License .................................................................................. 6
Working with Devices .......................................................................................... 6
Working with Licenses....................................................................................... 16
Settings ............................................................................................................... 23
Generating Reports ............................................................................................ 25
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 244
General This guide explains how to work with the FibeAir® IP-10 web based License Management System. The system enables authorised users to obtain license-related information and perform license-related operations.
Getting Started To start the management application: 1.
In your web browser, go to the address http://80.74.99.83/LMManage/login.aspx
2.
To log in to the system, enter your user name and password, and then click Login. Note the following user name rules:
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 245 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
1
For Demo OEM, the first five digits must be 00001. The next four digits after the first five should be numbered starting with 0001 for end users. For example, the number 000010001 would mean that Demo OEM end user 0001 is entering the system. For users other than Demo OEM, the user name must start with 00000. For example, the number 000000001 would mean that non-Demo OEM user 0001 is entering the system. For OEM Users 3a. If you enter as an OEM user, the following web page appears:
One of two modes can be selected: Administrator (Demo OEM option) - The administrator can assign licenses and devices to customers, who can be either another OEM customer or Demo OEM. In this mode of operation, the OEM admin can assign licenses/devices to end users (including themself) and can generate license keys for the devices. End User (Customer option) - The OEM end user, or the OEM itself can generate keys for self use. In this mode, the user can only generate licenses based on the available device database. The user can only view his/her own devices (that were assigned to that user) and licenses.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 246 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
2
End users that belong to that channel cannot see devices or licenses that belong to the OEM or other customers. After you select the operating mode, the following web page appears:
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 247
3
For Non-OEM Users 3b. If you enter as a non-OEM user the following web page appears: Note that a channel or OEM user can also enter as one of their customers. In this case, the system identifies the user as a channel/OEM user and will display a drop-down list to enable entry under the user's name. This will be done to allow operations for devices that the user sent to his/her customers.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 248 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
4
How to Use the System The menus that you can select from are grouped according to their functions. Simply click the item you want within a menu group (such as the Devices or Settings group). When you select an item within a group, the relevant web page will open with the details concerning that item. At the top of the web page for the item, a line appears with buttons that you can click to perform a particular operation.
From within an item web page, you do not have to return to the main web page. Instead, use the tabs at the top (Devices, Licenses, etc.) to obtain a list of items for the particluar group. Note that in any web page, you can click Print
CeraView® User Guide
to send the contents of the page to the printer.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 249
5
Managing the License The following sections describe the system menus and options that you can select to obtain information concerning your licenses and to perform license-related operations.
Working with Devices The Devices group includes items that can be selected to perform device-related operations, such as to obtain information about the devices included in your license, or import a device list from another source. Device List To obtain a list of devices: In the Devices group, select All Devices, or click the Devices tab at the top of the web page (if it appears). The following web page appears:
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 250 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
6
Note that for OEM users, the Generate Keys button is replaced with Assign to Customer . The list includes all the devices you purchased from Ceragon. Click Device ID for a more deatiled description of the device.
In this page, you can assign the current ID to an end user, using the drop-down list in the Assign to Customer field.
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 251
7
Search for Devices In the main device list web page, you can click Search registered in the system.
to locate a particular device that is
Select the criteria (filters) you want for the search, and then click Search. To clear the criteria you selected, click Clear.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 252 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
8
Import Devices In the toolbar, click Import
to import a list of devices from an external source.
You will be prompted to locate the file with the device list. Once you locate and select the file, click Import. The device list file must be a text file with the following columns: Device ID Customer
Country
Region / Network
Link
Side
In the Device ID column, use only upper case letters.
Adding and Deleting Devices To add a new device, in the toolbar, click New
CeraView® User Guide
.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 253
9
Enter a valid device ID in the field and click Save. The device will be added to your device list. .
To delete a device, select the device in the list, and click Delete Exporting a Device List To export a device list to a file, click Export
.
The list will be saved in an Excel file with the extension csv (Comma Separated Values). Generating Keys To generate license keys for one or more devices, select the devices in the main list by marking the checkboxes beside them, and click Generate Keys
.
The following web page appears:
In this web page, only the devices you selected will appear.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 254 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
10
The All Relevant Licenses area shows only the licenses that are common to all devices you selected (meaning their lowest common denominator). The current license types include the following: 1 = ACM 2 = Networking 3 = Capacity Upgrade The following tables list the current license possibilities: Capacity Upgrade License Type
Value
3
0
IP10-CAP-010
Feature disabled
3
1
IP10-CAP-025
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->25 Mbps
3
2
IP10-CAP-050
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->50 Mbps
3
3
IP10-CAP-100
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->100 Mbps
3
4
IP10-CAP-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->150 Mbps
3
5
IP10-CAP-200
Radio Cap Upgrade 10->200 Mbps
3
6
IP10-CAP-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 10->300 Mbps
3
7
IP10-CAP-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 10->400 Mbps
3
8
IP10-UPG-025-050
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->50 Mbps
3
9
IP10-UPG-025-100
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->100 Mbps
3
10
IP10-UPG-025-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->150 Mbps
3
11
IP10-UPG-025-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->200 Mbps
3
12
IP10-UPG-025-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 25->300 Mbps
3
13
IP10-UPG-025-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 25->400 Mbps
3
14
IP10-UPG-050-100
Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->100 Mbps
3
15
IP10-UPG-050-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->150 Mbps
3
16
IP10-UPG-050-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->200 Mbps
3
17
IP10-UPG-050-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 50->300 Mbps
3
18
IP10-UPG-050-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 50->400 Mbps
3
19
IP10-UPG-100-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 100->150 Mbps
3
20
IP10-UPG-100-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 100->200 Mbps
3
21
IP10-UPG-100-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 100->300 Mbps
3
22
IP10-UPG-100-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 100->400 Mbps
3
23
IP10-UPG-150-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 150->200 Mbps
3
24
IP10-UPG-150-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 150->300 Mbps
3
25
IP10-UPG-150-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 150->400 Mbps
3
26
IP10-UPG-200-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 200->300 Mbps
3
27
IP10-UPG-200-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 200->400 Mbps
3
28
IP10-UPG-300-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 300->400 Mbps
CeraView® User Guide
Description
Name in License Management Site
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 255
11
ACM License Type
Value
1
0
1
1
Name in License Managament Site
Description
Feature disabled IP10-ACM
ACM
Networking (Metro Switch Enabled) License Type
Value
2
0
2
1
Name in License Management Site
Description
Feature disabled IP10-Metro
Metro Switch
To add a license for which you want to generate a key, select the license in the All Relevant Licenses area and click Add to add it to the Selected Licenses area. Important! You can only select one license from each category (ACM, Networking, Capacity Upgrade). If you select a capacity upgrade license and want to add a different capacity upgrade license, you must first remove the first capacity upgrade license and then add the other one. Once you select the licenses you want, click Generate Keys. After you confirm your selection, the following example web page appears.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 256 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
12
Assigning Devices to a Customer For OEM users, you can assign devices to other users by selecting Assign Devices to a Customer in the main web page Devices group. Or, you can click Assign to Customer at the top of the page.
In the Select Customer field, use the drop-down list to choose the customer you want to assign the devices to. Click Show Available Devices for a list of devices you can choose from. In the available list of devices, click Filter & Sort to customize the device list, as shown in the following example page.
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 257
13
You can specify the ID of the device you want to include in the list, and select the list sort order (ascending or descending). After you click Go to generate the list, in the Available Devices list, select the devices you want to assign to the user, and click Add to add them to the Assigned Devices list. When you complete the operation, click Save. In the confirmation page, click Confirm. The following example page appears:
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 258 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
14
Click Continue to go back to the device list page. The device list page will appear with the updated information.
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 259
15
Working with Licenses In the Licenses group, select All Licenses, or click the Licenses tab at the top of the web page (if it appears). The following web page appears:
The web page displays all the licenses you currently own. To search for a particular license, click Search, specify the criteria you want, and click Search again. Click the number in the Qty Assigned column for a list of licenses assigned to customers.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 260 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
16
Click the number in the Qty Generated column for a list of licenses used to generate keys.
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 261
17
To generate license keys, select Generate Keys in the Licenses group in the main web page, or click Generate Keys in the web page that appears when you click the Licenses tab.
To add a license for which you want to generate a key, select the license in the All Available Licenses area and click Add to add it to the Selected Licenses area. Click Show Relevant Devices for a list of devices associated with the licenses you chose.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 262 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
18
To add a device for which you want to generate a key, select the device in the All Available Devices area and click Add to add it to the Selected Devices area. Once you select the devices you want, click Generate Keys. The keys will be generated, as shown in the following example page, and the database will be updated.
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 263
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 264 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
20
Assigning Licenses to a Customer For OEM users, you can assign licences to other users by selecting Assign Licenses to a Customer. Or, you can click the Assign to Customer button
at the top of the page.
In the Select Customer field, use the drop-down list to choose the customer you want to assign the licenses to. Click Show Available Licenses for a list of licenses you can choose from.
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 265
21
In the Filter by Type field, click the drop-down list and choose the license type (Capacity, ACM, Networking). For License Code, click the drop-down list and choose the license specifications. For Quantity to Assign, enter the amount of licenses you want to assign to that customer. The maximum quantity is limited to the available quantity for the license you choose. After you complete the filter options, click Add to add the licenses to the Assigned Licenses list. You can repeat this procedure more than once to add other license types. For Quantity to Return, enter the amount of unused licenses you would like to return (if relevant). Click Save to save the license assigment information in the database. In the page that appears, click Confirm to confirm the assignment. A page will appear informing you that the operation was successful, and the main license list will be updated with the information.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 266 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
22
Settings In the main web page, the Settings group includes items you can select for system information and configuration.
Managing Users Select the Manage Users item to define users and modify their properties. You can also access this item by clicking the Settings tab at the top of the page (if it appears).
Use the Search button at the top To define a new user, click New
CeraView® User Guide
to locate a particular user. .
The following page appears:
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 267
23
In this page, enter the information in the fields, and then click Save. To delete one or more users, in the user list, mark the checkboxes beside the users you want to delete, and click Delete
. Confirm your choice(s) in the page that appears and the users will be deleted.
Modifying your Profile In the main Settings page, select the My Profile item to modify your personal information. The same page appears as that for a new user. Modify the information as desired and click Save.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 268 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
24
Generating Reports In the main web page, you can select a report to generate: an Orders report, or a Devices and Activations report. To generate a report, select Orders Report or Devices & Activations Report in the main web page, or click the Reports tab at the top of the page (if it appears).
For an Orders Report: For Order No., you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of order numbers you want to include in the report. For Order Date, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, you will need to specify the range of dates you want to include in the report. In the Include field, you can select All for all types of orders, Closed orders only, or Open orders only. When you are done selecting the report criteria, click Create Report.
CeraView® User Guide
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 269
25
For a Devices & Activations Report: For Devices, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of device IDs you want to include in the report. For Activation Date, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of activation dates you want to include in the report. When you are done selecting the report criteria, click Create Report.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 270 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
26
CERAGON FIBEAIR COURSE HANDBOOK
Installation, Commissioning & System Configuration
2010 Visit our Customer Training Portal at Training.Ceragon.Com or contact us at [email protected]
Trainee Name:
24/7 access to constantly increasing on-line DB of the latest information!
eLearning is a great complementary solution to your classroom sessions as some modules are only available on-line
eLearning provides a first tier of support to users of new technologies, resulting in an estimated 30% reduction in support costs related to implementation of new applications & business processes.
eLearning is proven to be less intimidating than Instructor led training. Concerns about making mistakes in front of peers and management are eliminated.
Ceragon Training Center
Ceragon Training Center is designed to help you get a comprehensive understanding with Ceragon's technology, products and network solutions.
Ceragon eLearning users enjoy frequent & updated modules as new features and products are released without needing to update users’ account properties.
While individuals focus on particular modules, Managers on the other hand can sign up their staff members to a Learning Program with compulsory items such as quizzes & procedures.
Ceragon Training Knowledgebase is available to your employees without sacrificing additional room space or time-consuming lectures.
Ceragon eLearning solutions can shorten the amount of time it takes to get learners up to speed on new products and processes. Users who need to "brush up" on a process can access a module instantly, practice, test themselves and resume their work.
• Want to find out more? • Need an Account Comparison Table? • Need a proposal? • Case studies? Please contact us at [email protected]
Ceragon Training Agenda
Product: IP-10 Course: IP10AO&M Extended Operation and Maintenance Duration: 3 days
DAY ONE Introduction to Radio Microwave:
Parameters affecting propagation (Fresnel Zone, Duct, Multipath) Digital Modulation Basics Radio Link Components MSE
Introduction to 802.1:
The need for smaller broadcast domains Standard Ethernet Frame VLAN Tagging P-Bits & VID Q-in-Q
Introduction to IP-10 IDU IP-10 Front Panel Description Introduction to RFU-C / or other ODU type Installation:
Physical Installation of IDU + ODU IP address using CLI
Commissioning:
System name & Contact Details (Unit Info) Reading Versions External Alarms Setting IP Address and Management (In Band / OOB) Trap Destination Updating the license
Radio Link Commissioning:
Frequencies TSL & RSL & MSE ATPC Management (In band / OOB) Link ID Local & Remote frequency change
1
Ceragon Training Agenda
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 1
v2.0
Ceragon Training Agenda
DAY TWO Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) Switch Mode Configuration:
Single Pipe Managed Mode Metro Mode
Interface Configuration:
ETH Ports (Trunk VS. Access) E1 Ports
Troubleshooting Tools & Maintenance:
Using the Current Alarms Using the Event Log Using RMON Registers and Statistics Performing Loopbacks Saving Unit Information Files Configuration File Upload / Download Software File Download
DAY THREE 1+1 Protection: Configuration Review 1+1 Protection: Practical Exercise QoS: Configuration Review QoS: Practical Exercises Introduction to CFM (802.1ag) CFM: Practical Exercises Q-in-Q: Configuration Review Q-in-Q: Practical Exercise
2
Ceragon Training Agenda
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 2
v2.0
3/8/2010
Ceragon in a Nutshell Products
Agenda
“Think Backhaul Networks”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
2
1500R IDU IP-MAX^2 IDU IP-10 IDU IP-10G IDU Nodal Solutions 3200T IDU Outdoor units Outdoor Enclosures
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 3
1
3/8/2010
Ceragon FibeAir Family
OA&M
Service Management
Carrier Ethernet Switch
Gigabit Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Security
TDM Cross Connect
ACM
XPIC
Native2 Radio Ethernet + TDM
Multi Radio
10-500Mbps, 7-56MHz
SD/FD
E1/T1
Ch-STM1/ OC3 Terminal Mux
RFU (6-38GHz) Proprietary and Confidential
3
IDU 1500R – Point to Point SDH Radio Link
STM Ring
STM Ring
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 4
2
3/8/2010
IDU 1500R – SDH RING
ADM/MSPP
N x STM-1/OC-3 XC XC
Ceragon FibeAir 1500R
Aggregation Site
PSN
5
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-MAX^2 IDU: GbE Backhaul
ETH
IP/ETH Provider network
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 5
3
3/8/2010
IP-10 IDU: Enhanced Cellular Backhaul
Cellular traffic (TDM)
IP/ETH Provider network
N x ETH
7
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10G IDU: A Nodal Solution
Cellular traffic (TDM)
STM Rings
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 6
4
3/8/2010
3200T All Indoor: High Capacity Trunk
SDH
9
Proprietary and Confidential
3200T Split Mount: High Capacity Trunk
SDH
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 7
5
3/8/2010
RFUs
FibeAir RFU-HP
FibeAir RFU-HS
FibeAir RFU-P
FibeAir RFU-C
Standard power
High power (e.g. Smaller antennas – reduced cost) Proprietary and Confidential
Outdoor Enclosures – Solution Benefits Full Outdoor solution:
• • • • •
Dust and weather proof Compact size reduces the cost of leasing or purchasing rack space. Ideal for Greenfield areas, at solar-powered sites, and at repeater sites adjacent to highways. One-man installation and shorter cabling reduce installation costs. Environment-friendly: Greener deployments, saving on power and air-conditioning costs.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 8
6
3/8/2010
Hybrid aggregation network for migration Native2 at the access, IP/MPLS & SDH/SONET at the aggregation Native2 (MW links)
IP/MPLS (Hybrid Fiber/MW) SDH/SONET (Hybrid Fiber/MW)
Native Ethernet Ethernet over IP/MPLS Native E1/T1 E1/T1 over SDH/SONET
STM1/ OC3
NG-SDH MSPP
STM1/ OC3
n x T1/E1
Tail site
BSC/MSC
NG-SDH MSPP
FE/GE
FibeAir IP-10
Core Site
GE
FibeAir IP-10
GE
Hub Site
RNC MPLS Router
MPLS Router
Native2 - Is a technology for carrying both TDM and Ethernet traffic Natively over the same microwave links with dynamic bandwidth allocation.
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Aggregating WiMAX / LTE Ready Wireless Carrier Ethernet Backhaul Network
Business center
GE
WiMAX / 4G / LTE Cellular site WiMAX
STM-1 / OC-3
Ceragon TDM E1/T1
Ceragon
Hub / Aggregation site
2G/3G base station
Access
Metro / Aggregation
Core IP Backbone
• WiMAXPoint to Multipoint
• Ceragon’s Point to Point backhaul
• Ethernet (GE) is sent over to an IP/MPLS Layer
solution for Ethernet traffic aggregation and statistical multiplexing for a mix of Business and mobile offload Ceragon Point to Point for TDM aggregation
14
supports Native Ethernet with traffic QoS awareness • Ethernet traffic is “tunneled” through E-LAN/ E-Line EVCs • TDM traffic (E1/T1) are being aggregated using Ceragon integrated TDM cross connect
• TDM (STM-1/OC-3) is sent over to an SDH/SONET layer • Ceragon High-capacity "MPLSaware" Ethernet microwave radio is used where fiber connections not available.
Proprietary and Confidential
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Ceragon’s Advantages High Spectral-Efficiency High System-Gain Multi-Service Concentration capabilities High Level of Redundancy Adaptive Modulation Pay-as-you-grow concept
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15
High Spectral-Efficiency (i.e. 256QAM modulation)
• Providing more capacity at any given frequency resources • e.g. 18xE1 or 50Mbps @ 7MHz channel-bandwidth
• Better utilizing valuable frequency resources • e.g. using high spectral efficiency we provide 155-200Mbps @ 28MHz, •
using a Single wireless link! Average microwave will require Two links causing higher CAPEX and consume additional valuable frequency
Get the same capacity with ONE link instead of TWO! Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 10
8
3/8/2010
Higher Spectral-Efficiency What’s in it for The Operator?
Typical
IP10
Microwave Radio
Microwave Radio
Required Capacity 155-200Mbps
TWO radio links or 56MHz channel bandwidth
ONE radio link using 28MHz channel bandwidth
Required Capacity 70-100Mbps
28MHz Channel Bandwidth
14MHz Channel Bandwidth
The operator saves CAPEX and free-up valuable frequency resources Proprietary and Confidential
Higher Spectral-Efficiency is not enough… Radio Type
Ant. Diameter
Length
Modulation
Capacity
Typical System Gain
1.80 m
30 Km
16QAM
32 x E1s
Typical System Gain
1.80 m
21 Km
128QAM
STM-1/OC-3
Typical System Gain
3.00 m
30 Km
128QAM
STM-1/OC-3
High HighSystem SystemGain Gain
1.80 m
30 km
128QAM
STM-1/OC-3
Spectral Efficiency should always be coupled with System Gain 18
Proprietary and Confidential
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3/8/2010
Ceragon’s Management Overview
IP-10 19
FibeAir
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We adjust to customers’ requirements
20
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 12
10
3/8/2010
Thank You! [email protected]
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 13
11
Introduction to 802.1 P/Q
Module Version v2.6 Proprietary and Confidential
Objectives
• Understand the need for smaller broadcast domains • Understand what is VLAN • Understand the difference between tagged and untagged frame • Understand VLAN applications
2
1
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 14
Associated IEEE Standards
• IEEE 802.3
: Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1518 bytes)
• IEEE 802.3ac : Ethernet (Max. frame size = 1522 bytes) • IEEE 802.1 d : MAC Bridge first introduced the concept of Filtering Services in a bridged local network • IEEE 802.1 q : VLAN Tagging • IEEE 802.1 p : Priority Tagging / Mapping • IEEE 802.1ag : OAM (CFM)
3
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Agenda Agenda
• What is VLAN? • Advantages for using VLAN • Regular Ethernet frame • Tagged frame structure • Types of VLAN • Types of connections • 802.1P implementations
4
2
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 15
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What is VLAN?
A Layer 2 Protocol which enables enhanced traffic maneuvers :
• • • •
Prioritization Filtering Provisioning Mapping (e.g. - ATM to/from ETH)
5
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What is VLAN? Regular ETH networks forward broadcast frames to all endpoints
6
3
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5 of 19
What is VLAN? VLAN networks forward broadcast frames only to pre-defined ports (Profile Membership)
VLAN 1 Switch ports
VLAN 547
7
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Advantages of VLAN
• Breaking large networks into smaller parts (Formation of virtual workgroups) • Simplified Administration (no need for re-cabling when user moves) • Improving Broadcast & Multicast traffic utilization • Mapping expensive backbones (ATM) to simpler & cheaper ETH backbones • Security – establishing tunnels / trunks through the network for dedicated users (traffic between VLANs is restricted).
8
4
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3 of 19
Before we start explaining bit by bit, what is VLAN and how does it work, let us review first the structure of a regular ETH frame
9
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Untagged Ethernet Frame
FCS is created by the sender and recalculated by the receiver
Preamble + SFD 8 Bytes
DA 6 Bytes
SA
Length / Type
6 Bytes
2 Bytes
DATA + PAD
FCS
46 - 1500 Bytes
4 Bytes (32-bit CRC)
Minimum 64 Bytes < FRAME SIZE < Maximum 1518 Bytes
Length / Type < 1500 - Parameter indicates number of Data Bytes Length / Type > 1536 - Parameter indicates Protocol Type (PPPoE, PPPoA, ARP etc.)
10
5
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 18
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Tagged Ethernet Frame
• Additional information is inserted • Frame size increases to 1522 Bytes 4 Bytes
Preamble + SFD
DA
SA
Length / Type
TPID = 0x8100
Length / Type
DATA + PAD
FCS
TCI
16 Bit
P-TAG
CFI
3 Bit
1 Bit
11
VLAN ID
TPID = Tag protocol ID TCI = Tag Control Information CFI = 1 bit canonical Format Indicator
12 Bit Proprietary and Confidential
Tagging a Frame
VLAN ID uses 12 bits, therefore the number of maximum VLANs is 4094: • 2^12 = 4096 • VID 0 = reserved • VID 4096 = reserved (every vendor may use some VIDs for internal purposes such as MNG etc.) • VID 1 = default • After tagging a frame, FCS is recalculated • CFI is set to 0 for ETH frames, 1 for Token Ring to allow TR frames over ETH backbones (some vendors may use CFI for internal purposes)
12
6
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 19
4 of 19 9 42
TPID / ETHER-Type / Protocol Type… TPID in tagged frames in always set to 0x8100
It is important that you understand the meaning and usage of this parameter
Later when we discuss QoS, we shall demonstrate how & why the system audits this parameter 13
Protocol type
Value
Tagged Frame
0x8100
ARP
0x0806
Q-in-Q (CISCO)
0x8100
Q-in-Q (other vendors)
0x88A8
Q-in-Q (other vendors)
0x9100
Q-in-Q (other vendors)
0x9200
RARP
0x8035
IP
0x0800
IPv6
0x86DD
PPPoE
0x8863/0x8864
MPLS
0x8847/0x8848
IS-IS
0x8000
LACP
0x8809
802.1x
0x888E
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VLAN types
Membership by Port VID1
Port
VID
1
1
2
1
3
44
4
200
VID1
VID 44
PRO – easy configured CON – no user mobility
14
7
VID200
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 20
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VLAN types
Membership by MAC MAC
VID
00:33:ef:38:01:23
1
00:01:de:22:42:ae
1
00:20:8f:40:15:ef
44
00:20:32:35:ea:11
200
PRO – user mobility, no reconfiguration when PC moves CON – needs to be assigned initially, not an easy task with thousands of endpoints
15
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VLAN types
Membership by Subnet Address (a.k.a. Layer 3 VLAN) Subnet Address
VID
10.0.0.0 / 24
1
20.0.0.0 / 30
1
11.0.0.0 / 24
44
192.168.1.0 / 24
200
Membership is based on the Layer 3 header No process of IP address is done Main disadvantage – longer overall throughput 16
8
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 21
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VLAN types
Membership by Protocol Type
Protocol Type
VID
IP
1
IPX
44
The VID is derived from the protocol type field found in the Layer 2 header
17
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Port Types Access Port – a port which is not aware of VLANs (Cannot tag outgoing frames or un-tag incoming frames)
A
Device unaware of VLANs transmits untagged (regular) ETH frames
18
9
VLAN aware Switch
Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to specific Tagging mechanism
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Port Types Trunk Port – a port which is aware of VLANs (Can tag or un-tag incoming frames)
A
Device unaware of VLANs transmits untagged (regular) ETH frames
VLAN aware Switch
T
Switch tags the ingress frames with VID according to specific Tagging mechanism Switch un-tags frames with VID received from network and delivers untagged frames to Access ports
19
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Port Types Trunk Port can carry tagged frames with different VIDs. This requires Port Membership configuration.
A
VLAN aware Switch
A
T A This port is not a member of the Trunk port membership list, hence, traffic is discarded
20
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 23
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Port Types Q-in-Q (A.K.A. Double Tagging…VLAN Encapsulation…)
+ VLAN
CN
aware Switch
PN
Enhanced security – not exposing original VID Improved flexibility of VID in the network (Ingress VID was already assigned in the network)
21
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Introduction to QoS / CoS
22
11
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 24
Mapping ATM QoS over ETH CoS (RFC 1483) We can extend the benefits of ATM QoS into Ethernet LANs to guarantee Ethernet priorities across the ATM backbone. A L2 switch or L3 router reads incoming 802.1p or IP ToS priority bits, and classifies traffic accordingly. To match the priority level with the appropriate ATM service class and other parameters, the switch then consults a mapping table with pre-defined settings. P-Tag 6
CBR
P-Tag 4
VBR
P-Tag 0
UBR
Hub Site
GE
RNC
FE/GE GE n x T1/E1
Tail site
FibeAir IP-10
IP-10
23
STM1/ OC3
ATM Router
MPLS Router
Core Site
BSC/MSC
Proprietary and Confidential
Mapping ETH to MPLS and vice versa IP-10’s L2 switch can take part in the process of transporting services through MPLS core
Frames/services are mapped to MPLS FECs according to: • VLAN ID mapped to MPLS EXP bits • VLAN P-Bit mapped to MPLS EXP bits
Hub Site
GE
FE/GE
RNC
GE n x T1/E1
Tail site
FibeAir IP-10
IP-10
STM1/ OC3
STM1/ OC3
MPLS Router
MPLS Router
Core Site
24
12
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 25
BSC/MSC
16 of 19
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes) 802.1P utilizes Traffic Classes: A switch port allocates ingress frames to queues (buffers) according to their P-Tag value P-Bits 6-7 The more queues – the more prioritizing levels (classes) Downside – more time, more memory…
Q4
P-Bits 4-5
Normally 4 queues (TCs) are sufficient
Q3
In this example the port groups a few Bits into a single queue
Q2
P-Bits 0-3
8 priority levels become 3 classes 25
High
Q1
Low
Proprietary and Confidential
VLAN P-Bit Remap (Traffic Classes) IEEE Recommendation The following table shows IEEE definition of traffic classes It shows the ingress options for P-Tag VS. egress P-tag The number of egress priorities (classes) depend on the number of assigned queues
Ingress P-Tags
Number of Available Traffic Classes 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 (default)
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
3
4
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
0
1
1
2
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Egress P-Tag 26
13
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 26
Acronyms • • • • • • • • • • •
27
ETH – Ethernet NIC – Network Internet Card VID – Vlan ID VLAN – Virtual LAN P-TAG – Priority Tag, Priority Bits CFI – Canonical Format Indicator TPID – Tag Protocol Identifier FCS – Frame Check Sequence DA – Destination Address SA – Source Address QoS – Quality of Service
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14
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Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 27
Mean Square Error
Agenda
• • • • • • • •
2
1
MSE – Definition Expected value The Error Histogram Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller differences Calculating MSE MSE in digital modulation Commissioning with MSE MSE and ACM
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 28
MSE - Definition
MSE is used to quantify the difference between an estimated (expected) value and the true value of the quantity being estimated MSE measures the average of the squared errors: MSE is a sort of aggregated error by which the expected value differs from the quantity to be estimated. The difference occurs because of randomness or because the receiver does not account for information that could produce a more accurate estimated RSL
Proprietary and Confidential
3
To simplify….
Imagine a production line where a machine needs to insert one part into the other Both devices must perfectly match Let us assume the width has to be 10cm wide We took a few of parts and measured them to see how many can fit in….
4
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 29
The Errors Histogram (Gaussian probability distribution function) 9
Quantity
Expected value
3 3
2
1
width 6cm
7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
To evaluate how accurate our machine is, we need to know how many parts differ from the expected value 9 parts were perfectly OK Proprietary and Confidential
5
The difference from Expected value… Quantity
Error = 0 cm
Error = + 2 cm Error = - 3 cm Error = + 6 cm
Error = - 4 cm
width 6cm
7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
To evaluate the inaccuracy (how sever the situation is) we measure how much the errors differ from expected value
6
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 30
Giving bigger differences more weight than smaller differences Quantity
Error = 0 cm
+ 2 cm = 4 -3 cm = 9 - 4 cm = 16
+ 6 cm = 36 width
6cm 7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
We convert all errors to absolute values and then we square them The squared values give bigger differences more weight than smaller differences, resulting in a more powerful statistics tool: 16cm parts are 36 ”units” away than 2cm parts which are only 4 units away Proprietary and Confidential
7
Calculating MSE Quantity
Error = 0 cm
+ 2 cm = 4 -3 cm = 9 - 4 cm = 16
+ 6 cm = 36 width
6cm 7cm
10cm 12cm
16cm
To evaluate the total errors, we sum all the squared errors and take the average: 16 + 9 + 0 + 4 + 36 = 65, Average (MSE) = 13
The bigger the errors (differences) >> the bigger MSE becomes 8
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 31
Calculating MSE Error = 0 cm
Quantity
width 10cm If all parts were perfectly produced than each error would be 0 This would result in MSE = 0
Conclusion: systems perform best when MSE is minimum Proprietary and Confidential
9
MSE in digital modulation (Radios) Let us use QPSK (4QAM) as an example:
Q
QPSK = 2 bits per symbol
01
00 2 possible states for I signal 2 possible states for Q signal
I
11
10
5
10
= 4 possible states for the combined signal
The graph shows the expected values (constellation) of the received signal (RSL)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 32
MSE in digital modulation (Radios) The black dots represent the expected values (constellation) of the received signal (RSL)
Q 01
00 The blue dots represent the actual RSL
I
11
10
Similarly to the previous example, we can say that the bigger the errors are – the harder it becomes for the receiver to detect & recover the transmitted signal
Proprietary and Confidential
11
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q 01
00
MSE would be the average errors of e1 + e2 + e3 + e4….
e1 e2
I e4
11
12
6
e3
When MSE is very small the actual signal is very close to the expected signal
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 33
MSE in digital modulation (Radios)
Q 01
00
When MSE is too big, the actual signal (amplitude & phase) is too far from the expected signal
e1 e2
I e4
11
13
e3
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Commissioning with MSE in EMS
When you commission your radio link, make sure your MSE is small (-37dB)
Actual values may be read -34dB to -35dB
Bigger values (-18dB) will result in loss of signal
14
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 34
MSE and ACM When the errors become too big, we need a stronger error correction mechanism (FEC) Therefore, we reduce the number of bits per symbol allocated for data and assign the extra bits for correction instead For example – 256QAM has great capacity but poor immune to noise 64QAM has less capacity but much better immune for noise ACM – Adaptive Code Modulation 15
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16
8
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 35
3/8/2010
ACM - Adaptive Code Modulation
FibeAir IP-10’s Key Feature • IP-10 utilizes a unique Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) – Modulation range: QPSK - 256QAM
• Modulation changes to maintain link when radio signal degrades • Mechanism automatically recovers to max. configured modulation when received signal improves
Optimized for mobile backhaul – all-IP and TDM-to-IP migration 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 36
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3/8/2010
Adaptive Coding and Modulation • Utilize highest possible modulation considering the changing environmental conditions
• • • •
Hitless & errorless switchover between modulation schemes Maximize spectrum usage - Increased capacity over given bandwidth Service differentiation with improved SLA Increased capacity and availability
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding and Modulation
Voice & real time services Non-real time services
Weak FEC
Strong FEC
When we engineer our services, we may assign certain services to highest priority When ACM is enabled and link degrades, highest priority services are maintained 4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 37
2
3/8/2010
IP-10 Enhanced ACM Support • 8 modulation/coding working points (~3db system gain for each point change)
• Hit-less and Error-less modulation/coding changes based on signal quality • E1/T1 traffic has higher priority over Ethernet traffic • Each E1/T1 service is assigned a priority - enables differentiated E1/T1 dropping during severe link degradation
• Integrated QoS with intelligent congestion management - ensures high priority Ethernet traffic is not affected during link fading
Throughput per radio carrier: 10 to 50 Mbps @ 7MHz Channel
MSE is analyzed to trigger ACM modulation changes
25 to 100 Mbps @ 14MHz Channel 45 to 220 Mbps @ 28 MHz Channel 90 to 500 Mbps @ 56 MHz Channel
Zero downtime - A must for mission-critical services Proprietary and Confidential
5
IP-10 radio capacity - ETSI 7MHz ACM Point
Modulation
14MHz # of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
QPSK
4
9.5 – 13.5
1
QPSK
8
20 - 29
2
8 PSK
6
14 – 20
2
8 PSK
12
29 - 41
3
16 QAM
8
19 – 28
3
16 QAM
18
42 - 60
4
32 QAM
10
24 – 34
4
32 QAM
20
49 – 70
5
64 QAM
12
28 – 40
5
64 QAM
24
57 – 82
6
128 QAM
13
32 – 46
6
128 QAM
29
69 - 98
7
256 QAM
16
38 – 54
7
256 QAM
34
81 - 115
8
256 QAM
18
42 – 60
8
256 QAM
37
87 - 125
40MHz Modulation
ACM Point
6
# of E1s
1
28MHz
•
Modulation
# of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Modulation
# of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
Modulation ACM Point
56MHz # of E1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
1
QPSK
16
38 - 54
1
QPSK
23
56 - 80
1
QPSK
32
76 - 109
2
8 PSK
22
53 - 76
2
8 PSK
34
82 - 117
2
8 PSK
48
114 - 163
3
16 QAM
32
77 - 110
3
16 QAM
51
122 - 174
3
16 QAM
64
151 - 217
4
32 QAM
44
103 - 148
4
32 QAM
65
153 - 219
4
32 QAM
75
202 - 288
5
64 QAM
54
127 - 182
5
64 QAM
75
188 - 269
5
64 QAM
75
251 - 358
6
128 QAM
66
156 - 223
6
128 QAM
75
214 - 305
6
128 QAM
75
301 - 430
7
256 QAM
71
167 - 239
7
256 QAM
75
239 - 342
7
256 QAM
75
350 - 501
8
256 QAM
75
183 - 262
8
256 QAM
75
262 - 374
8
256 QAM
75
372 - 531
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 38
3
3/8/2010
IP-10 radio capacity - FCC 10MHz Modulation ACM Point
# of T1s
20MHz Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
QPSK
7
13 – 18
1
QPSK
16
28 - 40
2
8 PSK
10
19 – 27
2
8 PSK
22
39 - 56
3
16 QAM
16
28 – 40
3
16 QAM
32
57 - 81
4
32 QAM
18
32 – 46
4
32 QAM
38
67 - 96
5
64 QAM
24
42 – 61
5
64 QAM
52
93 - 133
6
128 QAM
28
50 – 71
6
128 QAM
58
102 - 146
7
256 QAM
30
54 – 78
7
256 QAM
67
118 - 169
8
256 QAM
33
60 – 85
8
256 QAM
73
129 - 185
40MHz Modulation
ACM Point
7
# of T1s
1
30MHz
•
Modulation
# of T1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
ACM Point
Modulation
# of T1s
Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
Modulation ACM Point
# of T1s
50MHz Ethernet Capacity (Mbps)
1
QPSK
22
39 - 55
1
QPSK
31
56 - 80
1
QPSK
37
65 - 93
2
8 PSK
35
62 - 89
2
8 PSK
46
82 - 117
2
8 PSK
59
105 - 150
3
16 QAM
52
93 - 133
3
16 QAM
69
122 - 174
3
16 QAM
74
131 - 188
4
32 QAM
68
120 - 171
4
32 QAM
84
153 - 219
4
32 QAM
84
167 - 239
5
64 QAM
80
142 - 202
5
64 QAM
84
188 - 269
5
64 QAM
84
221 - 315
6
128 QAM
84
164 - 235
6
128 QAM
84
214 - 305
6
128 QAM
84
264 - 377
7
256 QAM
84
185 - 264
7
256 QAM
84
239 - 342
7
256 QAM
84
313 - 448
8
256 QAM
84
204 - 292
8
256 QAM
84
262 - 374
8
256 QAM
84
337 - 482
Ethernet capacity depends on average packet size Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Enhanced radio capacity for Ethernet traffic Intelligent Ethernet header compression mechanism (patent pending) • Improved effective Ethernet throughput by up to 45% • No affect on user traffic
8
Ethernet packet size (bytes)
Capacity increase by compression
64
45%
96
29%
128
22%
256
11%
512
5% Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 39
4
3/8/2010
IP-10 Native2 radio dynamic capacity allocation Example: 28MHz channel bandwidth Example Modulation
32QAM
128QAM
256QAM
All Ethernet
112Mbps
170Mbps
200Mbps
20 E1s + Ethernet
20 E1s + 66Mbps
20 E1s + 123Mbps 20 E1s + 154Mbps
44 E1s + Ethernet
44 E1s + 10Mbps
44 E1s + 67Mbps
44 E1s + 98Mbps
66 E1s + Ethernet
-
66 E1s + 15Mbps
66 E1s + 47Mbps
75 E1s + Ethernet
-
-
75 E1s + 25Mbps
Example traffic mix
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Adaptive Coding & Modulation (ACM) It’s all about handling data...
• Current Microwave systems are designed with Availability Equal for all Services
nXT1/E1
? 99.99… %
Less availability can be accepted for many data services Need for Services Classification : Microwave systems shall treat services in different ways 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 40
5
3/8/2010
Fewer Hops
1.28km fix rate 200Mbps at 99.999%
2.5km adaptive rate 200Mbps at 99.99% and 40Mbps at 99.999%
0
1km
2km
3km
Assuming: 18GHz link, 28MHz channel, 1 ft antenna, Rain zone K (42mm/hr)
Optional solution for several planning constrains Example - Reducing Hops count until reaching fiber site 11
Proprietary and Confidential
Decreased tower loads: Wind, Space, Weight… 4.5km/2.8 miles path, 56MHz channel, 400Mbps, 256QAM, 99.999% availability
Without Adaptive Modulation: requires 4 ft antennas Modulation
Throughput (Mbps)
Availability (%)
Unavailability of modulation
Outage – 5 minutes and 15 seconds 256QAM (2)
400
99.999
4min, 28sec
With Adaptive Modulation: requires 1 ft antennas Modulation
Throughput (Mbps)
Availability (%)
Unavailability of modulation
Outage – 5 minutes and 15 seconds QPSK
80
99.999
5min, 3sec
8PSK
120
99.998
9min, 3sec
16QAM
160
99.997
11min, 4sec
32QAM
210
99.996
16min, 42sec
64QAM
260
99.995
24min, 35sec
128QAM
320
99.992
37min, 35sec
256QAM (1)
360
99.989
55min, 33sec
256QAM (2)
400
99.985
1hr,18min, 13sec
Assumed rain zone K, 23 [GHz] band Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 41
Source: Ceragon Networks
6
3/8/2010
ACM Benefit in TDM to IP migration scenario SMOOTH Migration • • • •
13
Typical 4E1 radio QPSK 7MHz channel 99.999% availability
4xE1 7MHz channel
Upgrade to 4E1 + 40Mbps Ethernet 5 TIMES THE CAPACITY SAME ANTENNAS Same 7MHz channel QPSK – 256QAM with ACM 99.999% availability for the E1s Low cost, scalable, pay as you grow
4xE1 + 40Mbps Ethernet 7MHz channel
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
14
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 42
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3/9/2010
Introduction to IP-10
Agenda
• • • • •
IP-10 Carrier Ethernet features overview IP-10 integrated QoS support – overview IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet rings Ethernet Service OAM (802.1ag) IP-10 management support overview
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 43
1
3/9/2010
IP-10 Integrated Carrier Ethernet switch 2 main modes for Ethernet switching:
• Metro switch – Carrier Ethernet switching is enabled • Smart pipe – Carrier Ethernet switching is disabled • Only a single Ethernet interface is enabled for user traffic • The unit operates as a point-to-point Ethernet MW radio IP-10
IP-10
Ethernet User Interfaces
Radio interface
Ethernet User Interface
Radio interface
Carrier Ethernet Switch
Smart pipe mode
Metro switch mode
Extensive Carrier Ethernet feature-set eliminates the need for external switches
What is Carrier Ethernet?
The MEF has defined Carrier Ethernet as: A ubiquitous, standardized, carrier-class Service and Network defined by five attributes that distinguish it from familiar LAN based Ethernet
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 44
2
3/9/2010
Carrier Ethernet – Standard service types E-Line Service type
• E-Line service used to create: • Ethernet Private Lines • Virtual Private Lines • Ethernet Internet Access
Point-to-Point EVC UNI
UNI CE
CE
Carrier Ethernet Network
• E-LAN service used to create: • Multipoint L2 VPNs • Transparent LAN Service • Foundation for IPTV and
E-LAN Service type CE UNI
Multicast networks etc.
UNI: User Network Interface, CE: Customer Equipment
Carrier Ethernet Network
UNI
MEF certified Carrier Ethernet products
Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC
CE
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 – Carrier Ethernet platform (MEF Certified)
• The MEF Certification Program •
An important part of the MEF’s mission to accelerate the deployment of Carrier Ethernet in the Access, MAN & WAN
•
Certification for Carrier Ethernet equipment supplied to service providers
• Current certification program comprises •
MEF-9 - Service certification
•
MEF-14 - Traffic management and service performance
• Approved Certification Lab - Approved independent lab: Iometrix Inc. IP-10 is fully MEF-9 & MEF-14 certified for all Carrier Ethernet service types (E-Line and E-LAN)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 45
3
3/9/2010
IP-10 - Carrier Ethernet functionality
Standardized Services MEF-9 & MEF-14 certified for all service types (EPL, EVPL and E-LAN)
Scalability
Quality of Service
Reliability
Up to 500Mbps per radio carrier
Advanced CoS classification
Highly reliable & integrated design
Integrated non-blocking switch with 4K VLANs
Advanced traffic policing/rate-limiting
Fully redundant 1+1 HSB & nodal configurations
802.1ad provider bridges (QinQ) Scalable nodal solution Scalable networks (1000’s of NEs)
CoS based packet queuing/buffering Flexible scheduling schemes Traffic shaping
Hitless ACM (QPSK – 256QAM) for enhanced radio link availability
Service Management Extensive multilayer management capabilities 802.1ag Ethernet service OA&M Advanced Ethernet statistics
Wireless Ethernet Ring (RSTP based) 802.3ad link aggregation Fast link state propagation <50msec restoration time (typical)
Carrier Ethernet World Congress Interoperability Showcase 2008
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 46
4
3/9/2010
At this event Ceragon particularly focused on the following Interoperability tests: •
Wireless Ethernet OA&M (Operational Administration & Maintenance) Interoperability
•
ACM (Adaptive coding & modulation) in a wireless Ethernet radio link
•
Provision EVCs (Ethernet Virtual Circuit) and several types of Ethernet service while providing UNI (User Network Interface)
•
Pseudo-wire service and clock recovery
•
Nodal solution for aggregating and statistical multiplexing at hub/Aggregation site
•
Embedded switching capabilities which eliminate the need for an external switch
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 47
5
3/9/2010
IP-10 integrated QoS support - overview
• 4 CoS/priority queues per switch port • Advanced CoS/priority classification based
Priority Queues W1 - Highest priority
on L2/L3 header fields:
• • • • •
Source Port VLAN 802.1p VLAN ID IPv4 DSCP/TOS, IPv6 TC Highest priority to BPDUs
Classify Arrivals
W2
Scheduling departures
W3
• Advanced ingress traffic rate-limiting per CoS/priority
W4 – lowest priority
• Flexible scheduling scheme per port • Strict priority (SP) • Weighted Round Robin (WRR) • Hybrid – any combination of SP & WRR •
Support differentiated Ethernet services
Shaping per port
with SLA assurance Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet rings
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #1 FibeAir IP-10
Packet or TDM based fiber aggregation network or leased lines
Ring site #1
FibeAir IP-10 FibeAir IP-10
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
Tail site #2
Fiber site RNC
FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #2 FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #3 FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #3
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 48
6
3/9/2010
IP-10 based Wireless Carrier Ethernet ring With redundant site connection to fiber aggregation network (“dual-homing”)
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #1 FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #1
FibeAir IP-10 FibeAir IP-10
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
Tail site #2
Fiber site #1
Packet or TDM based fiber aggregation Fiber site network or leased lines
FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #2
FibeAir IP-10
RNC
Fiber site #2
FibeAir IP-10
Ring site #3 FibeAir IP-10
Tail site #3
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring Example configuration (1+0 ring) N x GE/FE
N x GE/FE
N x GE/FE
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
(up to 500Mbps)
Integrated Ethernet Switching
Proprietary and Confidential
N x GE/FE
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 49
7
3/9/2010
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring Example aggregation site
FibeAir IP-10
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring
Ring site
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Ring N x GE/FE
Integrated Ethernet Switching Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet services – End-to-end multi-layer OA&M
1+1
1+0
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
FibeAir IP-10
Tail site
Agg. site
Packet or TDM based fiber aggregation network or leased lines
Fiber site
Carrier Ethernet service Native EVC (802.1ag CFM)
GE/FE Interface
Radio link
Radio link
GE/FE Interface
Full set of OA&M functionality is provided at multiple layers: • Alarms and events • Maintenance signals (LOS, AIS, RDI, etc.) • Performance monitoring Support service provisioning, OA&M and SLA assurance • Maintenance commands (Loop-backs, APS commands, etc.)
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 50
8
3/9/2010
IEEE 802.1ag CFM (Connectivity Fault Management)
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Management Overview
•
Integrated web based element manager • HTTP based • Full set of EMS functionality - configuration, performance monitoring, remote diagnostics, alarm reports, etc.
•
SNMP interface to Ceragon’s PolyView NMS
•
Extensive CLI interface via local terminal or Telnet
Northbound NMS
CeraMap CeraMap
NMS Platform
PolyView IP-10 Web
IP-10 Web
EMS
EMS
SNMP HTTP
HTTP
CLI
Craft
HTTP
18
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 51
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3/9/2010
Extensive radio capacity/utilization statistics
• Statistics are collected for 15-minutes, and 24-hours intervals • Statistics history is maintained • Capacity/ACM statistics • Maximum modulation in interval • Minimum modulation in interval • # of seconds in interval in which active modulation was below a user•
configured threshold Utilization statistics • Maximal radio link utilization in interval • Average radio link utilization in interval • # of seconds in interval in which radio link utilization was above a user-configured threshold
Ethernet in-band management • IP-10 can optionally be managed through the traffic carrying radio and Ethernet interfaces
• The in-band management support is based on a dedicated management VLAN
• The management VLAN ID is user configurable
Eliminates the need for dedicated management interfaces and network
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 52
10
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 53
11
3/9/2010
RFU-C & Mediation Devices
Proprietary and Confidential
The Most Comprehensive Portfolio
FibeAir® Family RFUs 6-38 GHz
Carrier Ethernet IP-MAX2
IP-10
3200T
EMS & NMS PolyView (NMS)
RFU-C
Multi-Service RFU-HP
IP-10
IP-MAX2
640P CeraView (EMS)
TDM
RFU-P, RFU-SP 1500R/1500P
3200T
2
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 54
1
3/9/2010
IDU – RFU Compatibility
RFU-C
1500R
IP-10
RFU-P, RFU-SP
RFU-HP
RFU-SP IP-MAX/IP-MAX2
640P
1500P
Proprietary and Confidential
3
IDU – IDU Compatibility Across Link 1500R
1500R
IP-10
IP-10
1500P
1500R
IP-MAX/IP-MAX2
IP-10
1500P chassis Cannot House 1500R IDC and IDMs 1500R chassis Cannot House 1500P IDC and IDMs Must Match IDU Type Across a Link 4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 55
2
3/9/2010
RFU-C direct mount configurations
1+0 direct
Proprietary and Confidential
5
RFU-C direct mount configurations 1+1 direct
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 56
3
3/9/2010
RFU-C remote mount configurations
1+0 remote
Proprietary and Confidential
7
RFU-C remote mount configurations 1+1 remote
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 57
4
3/9/2010
RFU-C antenna adaptors
• Adaptors for RFU-P direct antenna mount • Adaptors for NSN Flexi Hopper direct antenna mount • Adaptors for Ericsson R1A 23GHz direct antenna mount • Remote adaptors and configurations
Proprietary and Confidential
9
RFU-C to NSN antenna
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 58
5
3/9/2010
RFU-C to Ericsson antenna
11
(R1A 23GHz)
Proprietary and Confidential
[email protected] Thank You !
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 59
6
FibeAir ® IP-10 Installation
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
• • • • • • • • • • •
Unpacking Required Tools Installing the IDU in a rack Grounding Lightning Protection Connecting to a Power Supply IDU Front Panel Connecting RFU coax cable Interface Specification Protection Patch Panel Logging in, assigning IP address
Proprietary and Confidential
1
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 60
Unpacking
A single FibeAir system (1+0) is shipped in 5 crates Upon delivery, make sure that the following items are included:
• Two indoor units and accessories • Two outdoor units • One CD with a management user guide Unpack the contents and check for damaged or missing parts. If any part is damaged or missing, contact your local distributor.
Proprietary and Confidential
Required Tools
The following tools are required to install the IDU:
• Philips screwdriver (for mounting the IDU to the rack and grounding screw)
• Flathead small screwdriver (for PSU connector and to unlock the IDC/IDMs from the chassis)
• Sharp cutting knife (for wire stripping) • Crimping tool for ground cable lug crimping (optional: if alternative grounding cable is used)
Proprietary and Confidential
2
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 61
Installing the IDU in a rack
The FibeAir IP-10 IDU is installed in a standard ETSI 19" rack: secure the IDU with four screws (supplied)
IDU dimensions: D: 187.80 mm W: 435 mm H: 42.60 mm
Proprietary and Confidential
Grounding Connect the grounding cable between the IDU and the rack using a single screw with two washers Only copper wire should be used (at least 6 AWG). FibeAir provides a ground for each IDU, via a one-hole mounted lug onto a singlepoint stud (installed using a ULlisted ring tongue terminal, and two star washers for antiRotation). Proprietary and Confidential
3
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 62
Lightning Protection
Lightning protection kit is installed upon request between IDU and ODU It prevents transients of a greater magnitude than the following: Open Circuit: 1.2-50us 600V Short Circuit: 8-20us 300A
Proprietary and Confidential
Connecting to a Power Supply
When selecting a power source, the following must be considered: • DC power can be from -40.5 VDC to -72 VDC. • Recommended: Availability of a UPS and power generator • The power supply must have grounding points on the AC and DC sides • The user power supply GND must be connected to the positive pole in the IDU power supply.
Proprietary and Confidential
4
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 63
Connecting to a Power Supply
-48 vdc
0
(-) (+)
PSU (GND)
Proprietary and Confidential
IP-10 Front Panel
16 x E1 / T1
CLI (DB9)
(Optional)
1 GbE SFP
RFU N-Type Interface
Baud: 115200 Data bits: 8 Parity: None Stop bits: 1 Flow Control: None
Proprietary and Confidential
5
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 64
IP-10 Front Panel
External
FE Copper
FE Copper
10/100 RJ45
10/100 RJ45
Alarms
Or
Or
(DB9)
Protection
Wayside
Channel
Channel
EOW
Fans
1 GbE Copper
(Engineering
User Channel
Order Wire)
V11,RS232
10/100/1000
FE Copper
RJ45
10/100 RJ45 Or
(RJ45) Up to 19.2Kbps
Out-Of-Band MNG
The FE interfaces can be configured as either FE, protection, wayside, or MNG Proprietary and Confidential
Connecting RFU coax cable
The Coax Cable that connects between the IDU and the RFU should be terminated with N-type male connectors Important! Make sure that the inner pin of the connector does not exceed the edge of the connector. The cable should have a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 350 MHz.
Proprietary and Confidential
6
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 65
Interface Specification
Gigabit Ethernet (Optical) 1000Base-SX (Multi Mode) Wavelength: Receptacle: Connector: Max Segment Length: Cable Type:
850 nm MSA compliant SFP LC 220 m (1351 ft), 500 m (1650 ft) For Max. Segment = 220 m: 62.5 µm MMF For Max. Segment = 500 m: 50 µm MMF
Proprietary and Confidential
Interface Specification
Gigabit Ethernet (Optical) 1000Base-LX (Single Mode) Wavelength: Receptacle: Connector: Max Segment Length: Cable Type:
1350 nm MSA compliant SFP LC 550 m (1805 ft), 5000 m (16404 ft) For Max. Segment = 550 m: 62.5 µm MMF For Max. Segment = 5000 m: 10 µm SMF
Proprietary and Confidential
7
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 66
Interface Specification
Gigabit Ethernet / Fast Ethernet (Electrical) 1000BaseT (Twisted Pair Cable) Receptacle: Connector: Max Segment Length: Cable Type:
MSA compliant SFP RJ-45 Up to 100 m (328 ft) per IEEE802.3 Compatible with shielded and unshielded twisted pair category 5 cables
Proprietary and Confidential
Interface Specification
Optional 16xE1/T1 Connector: Interface Type: Number of ports: Timing mode: Framing: Coding E1: Coding T1: Range: Line Impedance: Compatible Standards:
MDR 69 pin, twisted pair E1/T1 16 per unit (optional) Retimed Unframed (full transparency) HDB3 AMI/B8ZS 5m 120 Ω/100 Ω balanced,75 Ω unbalanced (OPT) ITU-T G.703, G.736, G.775, G.823, G.824, G.828, ITU-T I.432, ETSI ETS 300 147, ETS 300 417, ANSI T1.105, T1.102-1993, T1.231, Bellcore GR-253-core, TR-NWT-000499
Proprietary and Confidential
8
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 67
Interface Specification
ETH Interfaces (Wayside, MNG, Protection) Connector: Used with: Protocols supported: Timing mode: Range: Impedance:
Shielded RJ-45 UTP Cat 5 Ethernet (10/100BaseT), half or full duplex Retimed 100 m 100 Ω
Proprietary and Confidential
Interface Specification
Order Wire Channel Interface Termination Type: Frequency band (KHz): Input impedance (ohms): Output impedance (ohms):
Headset stereo plug, 2.5 mm 0.3-3.4 ~2000 32
(64Kbps)
Proprietary and Confidential
9
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 68
Interface Specification
User Channel Interface The interface can be used for one of the following: • Asynchronous RS-232 • Asynchronous V-11 • Up to 9.6 Kbps
CVSD - Continuously variable slope delta modulation Proprietary and Confidential
Antenna Alignment (1)
• Connect the headset to AGC monitor BNC/TNC connector on ODU • Connect Digital Volt Meter (DVM) to the AGC BNC connector • Align the antenna until voltage reading is achieved (1.2 to 1.7Vdc) • Repeat antenna alignment at each end until the minimum dc voltage is achieved
• 1.30vdc = -30dBm • 1.45vdc = -45dBm • 1.60vdc = -60dBm • etc
Proprietary and Confidential
10
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 69
Antenna Alignment (2)
• Compare achieved RX level to calculated RX level • Keep aligning until the achieved level is up to 4 dB away from the calculated received signal level • If voltage reading is more than 4 dB away or higher than 1.7vdc, re-align antenna to remote site
Proprietary and Confidential
Commissioning and Acceptance
• Link is up (LED is green) • All LEDs are green (unless there is no input signal on the Line) • RSL is up to +/- 4dB from un-faded (calculated) RSL at both ends of the link • Radio BER 10E-11 or better • No Errors on BER test of line STM1 interfaces • Proper function of management software
Please refer to the “FibeAir Commissioning and Acceptance Procedure” document for detailed information
Proprietary and Confidential
11
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 70
LEDS
LINK:
GREEN – radio link is operational ORANGE - minor BER alarm on radio RED – Loss of signal, major BER alarm on radio
IDU:
GREEN – IDU functions ok ORANGE - fan failure RED – Alarm on IDU (all severities)
RFU:
GREEN – RFU functions ok ORANGE – Loss of communication (IDU-RFU) RED – ODU Failure
23
Proprietary and Confidential
LEDS
PROT:
GREEN – protection is configured and connected ORANGE – Forced switch, Protection lock RED – physical errors (no cable, cable failure) OFF – Protection is disabled, or not supported on device
RMT:
GREEN – remote unit OK (no alarms) ORANGE –minor alarm on remote unit RED – major alarm on remote unit
24
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 71
Logging in, assigning IP address
Verify that physical installation is successfully completed: • IDU mounting in rack • Power + GND • IF Cable between IDU and ODU Connect a PC to the Terminal connector and launch a serial application (Hyper Terminal, PuTTY, TeraTerm etc…) Log on using (admin/admin) for user name and password. Now, you should be able to see the IP-10 CLI Prompt: Note that the > sign indicates your location in the CLI tree
IP-10:/> >
Proprietary and Confidential
Logging in, assigning IP address
CLI basic commands: IP-10:/ >?
Type ? (question mark) to list helpful commands
IP-10:/ > exit
Type exit to terminate the session
IP-10:/ > cd IP-10:/ > cd ..
Type cd to navigate in the entity tree Type cd .. to return to “root” of entity tree
Use the arrow keys to navigate through recent commands Use the TAB key to auto-complete a syntax
Proprietary and Confidential
13
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 72
Logging in, assigning IP address To read current MNG IP, type the following: IP-10:/> >cd management/networking/ip-address/ IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address> > Note that the prompt has changed. Now, type get ip-address: IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>get ip-address Upon completion, the current IP will be displayed, followed by the new prompt: IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>get ip-address 192.168.1.1 IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>
Proprietary and Confidential
Logging in, assigning IP address
Now, let us set a new IP for the MNG (we assume your new IP is 192.168.1.144). Type set ip-address 192.168.1.144 IP-10:/ management/networking/ip-address>set ip-address 192.168.1.144
Upon completion, you will be prompt: You may lose remote management connection to the unit if this value is changed incorrectly. Are you sure? (yes/no): Type yes and continue to next step:
Proprietary and Confidential
14
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 73
More CLI commands
Editing Users -
IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/users
IP-10:/management/mng-services/users>
Adding JOHN as a user: IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> add-user JOHN
Proprietary and Confidential
More CLI commands
Adding JOHN as ADMIN user:
IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> add-user JOHN admin
Deleting JOHN (or other user) –
IP-10:/management/mng-services/users> delete-user JOHN
Proprietary and Confidential
15
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 74
User groups
CLI access groups:
Viewer
read-only access
Operator
read-write access but cannot add/remove other users
Admin
read-write access including add/remove other users
Tech (highest)
read-write access including add/remove other users as well as access to a bridge-specific CLI shell
Proprietary and Confidential
More CLI commands
To go back to factory defaults -
IP-10:/> cd management/mng-services/cfg-service
In the new directory type the following:
IP-10:/management/mng-services/cfg-service>set-to-default
Proprietary and Confidential
16
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 75
Logging in to the EMS
Connect your working station to the IDU with ETH CAT.5 cable: • Verify that your WS IP is in the same subnet • Make sure Link is up • PING the IDU • Launch a WEB browser with a URL set as the IDU’s IP
User name: admin Password: admin Proprietary and Confidential
Logging in to the EMS
The homepage of the web-browser EMS should display the main view of the IP-10:
Now, we are ready to start configuring the system
Proprietary and Confidential
17
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 76
Thank You ! [email protected]
35
18
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 77
3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Performance Monitoring
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda EMS – General Information Faults: • Current Alarms • Event Log PM & Counters: • Remote Monitoring • TDM Trails • TDM interfaces • Radio (RSL, TSL, MRMC and MSE) • Radio TDM • Radio ETH 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 78
1
3/8/2010
EMS - General
Easy, user friendly GUI No need to install an application – WEB Based software No need to upgrade your EMS application – embedded in the IDU SW No need for strong working station – simple PC is sufficient (For maintenance issues FTP Server is required)
Easy access – simply type the IP address of the IDU on your web page Supports all IDU versions and configurations
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Faults - CAS The CAS window shows collapsed list of alarms By expanding a line we can see additional information: • Probable cause • Corrective Actions
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 79
2
3/8/2010
Faults – Event Log The Event Log shows max. 200 lines of events When Event #201 occurs, Event #1 is erased and #201 is logged as #200.
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Clearing previous data To erase all IDU PM data, click the CLEAR button -
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 80
3
3/8/2010
PM – RMON The system supports Ethernet statistics counters (RMON) display. The counters are designed to support: • RFC 2819 – RMON MIB. • RFC 2665 – Ethernet-like MIB. • RFC 2233 – MIB II. • RFC 1493 – Bridge MIB.
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – RMON – Special Registers RMON register / Counter
Description
Undersize frames received
Frames shorter than 64 bytes
Oversize frames received
Frames longer than 1632 bytes
Jabber frames received
Total frames received with a length of more than 1632 bytes, but with an invalid FCS
Fragments frames received
Total frames received with a length of less than 64 bytes, and an invalid FCS
Rx error frames received
Total frames received with Phy-error
FCS frames received
Total frames received with CRC error, not countered in "Fragments", "Jabber" or "Rx error" counters
In Discard Frames
Counts good frames that cannot be forwarded due to lack of buffer memory
In Filtered Frames
Counts good frames that were filtered due to egress switch VLAN policy rules
Pause frames received
Number of flow-control pause frames received Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 81
4
3/8/2010
PM – E1 / DS-1 (Radio PM) This PM data relates to the TDM Line Interfaces.
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – E1 / DS-1 (Radio PM) Here we can analyze TDM PM through the radio link
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 82
5
3/8/2010
PM – Radio Signal Level – RSL & TSL analysis Allows setting RSL & TSL thresholds EMS will notify when signal exceeds THSLD >> Easier maintenance
Aggregated radio traffic analysis MRMC – PM related to ACM: • Scripts • Bit rate • Radio VCs MSE analysis Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Radio – Signal Level - Example
- 40dBm = Nominal RSL for an operational Link Level 1: 25 sec Level 2: 15 sec 900 sec = 15min Interval Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 83
6
3/8/2010
PM – Radio – Signal Level - Example Using graphical display of the THSLD analysis allows us easier examination of the RSL & TSL state throughout certain period of time
RSL -40
-50
-68
T [sec]
-99 10
5
10
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Radio - Aggregate Aggregated radio traffic analysis
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 84
7
3/8/2010
PM – Radio - MRMC The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script assigned to the radio. When ACM is enabled and active, as link quality degrades or improves, the information is updated accordingly.
Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Radio - MSE The information displayed in this page is derived from the license and script assigned to the radio. When link quality degrades or improves, the MSE reading is updated accordingly. Differences of 3dB trigger ACM modulation changing. Threshold can be configured as well for easier maintenance.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 85
8
3/8/2010
PM – Ethernet ETH Traffic + Threshold settings: Frame Error Rate – Frame error rate (%) measured on radio-Ethernet interface Throughput – data bits measured on radioEthernet interface Capacity - overall Ethernet bits rate, data & overhead, measured on radio-Ethernet interface Utilization - (Actual Ethernet throughput, relative to the potential Ethernet throughput of the radio, excluding TDM channels). Utilization (%) is displayed as one of five bins: 0-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, 60-80%, 80-100% Proprietary and Confidential
PM – Ethernet
Ethernet throughput & Capacity PMs are measured by accumulating the number of Ethernet octets every second, as they are counted by the RMON counters
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 86
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3/8/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 87
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3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS General Configuration
Agenda
In this module we shall explain the following features as they appear on the EMS navigation Menu
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 88
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3/8/2010
Unit Parameters – Step # 1
Configure specific information that may assist you later Such info will help you locate your site easier and faster
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Unit Parameters – Step # 1
VDC reading
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 89
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3/8/2010
Unit Parameters – Step # 1
Celsius (metric) or Fahrenheit (Imperial) 5
Proprietary and Confidential
Unit Parameters – Step # 2
By default the time & date are derived from the operating system clock User may set new values These settings are also used for NTP connection (later explained)
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 90
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3/8/2010
Unit Parameters – Step # 3 IDU Serial number is important when you submit your request for a License upgrade
When you complete configuring all settings, click Apply.
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Versions
This page shows the complete package of IDU and ODU software components 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 91
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Versions
Let’s explore this example: • The IDU running SW is displayed in the aidu line and currently it is 3.0.92 • A new SW was downloaded sometime in the past (3.0.97) • The IDU was not upgraded yet
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Versions – RFU files
The IDU holds all the SW files for all the components (IDU + ODU) You can see here the different files per ODU type
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 92
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3/8/2010
External Alarms – Collapsed Input Alarm Config.
Dry Contact Alarms (DB-9): 5 Inputs 1 Output 11
Proprietary and Confidential
External Alarms – Expended Input Alarm Config.
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 93
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3/8/2010
External Alarms – Configuring the Output Alarm ‘Group’ of alarms will trigger the external alarm Output. Communication – Alarms related to traffic: Radio / Ethernet line / TDM line Quality of Service – We do not have specific alarms of QoS Processing – Alarms related to SW: Configuration / Resets / corrupted files Equipment – Alarms related to: HW / FAN / RFU mute / Power Supply / Inventory. Environmental – Alarms of ‘extreme temperature’. All Groups.
Test mode – manual switch.
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Management – Network Properties
Here you can set the Network Properties of the IDU
This is the switch MAC address
If your link is up – you should be able to see the other end’s IP
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 94
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3/8/2010
Management – Local Properties (Out of band)
The IDU has 3 ports for local management: Port 7, Port 6 and Port 5. You may enable none or up to 3 ports: Number of ports =3 Number of ports =2 Number of ports =1 Number of ports =0 15
Port 7, Port 6, Port 5 Port 7, Port 6 Port 7 NO LOCAL MANAGEMENT !!! Proprietary and Confidential
Management – In Band Properties
In Band Management requires unique VLAN ID This helps separating MNG traffic from other services In Band MNG packets are transferred via the radio link When the link is down, management is down as well.
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 95
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3/8/2010
Management – Port Properties
These parameters allow you setting the management capacity and port properties
17
Proprietary and Confidential
Trap Configuration (OSS / NMS / Northbound)
To manage the IDU with OSS / NMS, you will need to configure the IP address of the OSS Server You may configure up to 4 Servers (Trap Destinations)
18
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 96
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Licensing – Default License “Demo” license can be enabled on-site, it expires after 60 days (operational time) Licenses are generated per IDU S/N upon request (capacity / ACM / switch mode)
License upgrade requires system reset.
19
Proprietary and Confidential
Licensing – Demo License Enabled
Demo License allows you full evaluation of the IDU functionality, features and capacities
20
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 97
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NTP Client Properties • Enable / Disable • Type NTP Server IP address • Expect IDU to lock on NTP Server’s clock • Expected Status: 1. If locked, it returns the IP address of the server it is locked on. 2. “Local” – if the NTP client is locked to the local element’s real-time clock 3. “NA” - if not synchronized with any clock (valid only when Admin is set to Disable). The feature supports “Time Offset” and “Daylight Saving Time”. “Time Offset” and “Daylight Saving Time” can be configured via WEB (“Unit Information” page) or via CLI: /management/mng-services/time-service>
Proprietary and Confidential
21
NTP Properties
22
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 98
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NTP Properties When using NTP with external protection 1+1, both “Active” and “Standby” units should be locked independently on the “NTP server”, and report independently their “Sync” status.
Time & Date are not copied from the “Active” unit to the “Standby” unit (CQ19584) When using NTP in a shelf configuration, all units in the shelf (including standby main units) are automatically synchronized to the active main unit’s clock.
Proprietary and Confidential
23
IP Table
Here you can manually set your neighbor’s network properties
24
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 99
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SNMP • V1 • V3
• No security • Authentication • Authentication privacy • SHA • MD5 • No Authentication
25
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 100
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FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Switch Configuration
Agenda
1. Switch mode review 2. Guidelines 3. Single Pipe Configuration 4. Managed Mode Configuration 5. Managed Mode Common Applications
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 101
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Switch Modes 1. Single (Smart) Pipe (default mode, does not require license) – This application allows only single GbE interface as traffic interface (Optical GbE-SFP or Electrical GbE - 10/100/1000). Any traffic coming from any GbE interface will be sent directly to the radio and vice versa. This application allows QoS configuration. Other FE (10/100) interfaces can be configured to be "functional" interfaces (WSC, Protection, Management), otherwise they are shut down.
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Switch Modes 2. Managed Mode (license depended) – This application is “802.1Q” VLAN aware bridge, allowing L2 switching based on VLANs. This application also allows QoS configuration. All Ethernet ports are allowed for traffic. Each traffic port can be configured to be "access" port or "trunk" port:
Type
VLANs
Allowed Ingress Frames
Allowed Egress Frames
Access
Specific VLAN should be assigned to access the port
Only Untagged frames (or Tagged with VID=0 – "Priority Tagged“ )
Untagged frames
Trunk
A range of VLANs should be assigned to access the Port
Only Tagged frames
4
Tagged frames
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 102
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Switch Modes 3.
Metro Mode (license depended) –
This application is “802.1Q” VLAN aware bridge, allowing Q-in-Q (A.K.A. VLAN Stacking). This mode allows the configuration of a PE port and CE port. Allowed Ingress Frames
Type
VLANs
CustomerNetwork
Specific S-VLAN should be Untagged frames, or assigned to "Customerframes with C-tag Network" port (ether-type=0x8100).
ProviderNetwork
A range of S-VLANs, or "all" S-VLANs should be assigned to "ProviderNetwork" port
5
Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Allowed Egress Frames Untagged or C-tag (ether-type= 0x8100) frames. Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Proprietary and Confidential
Guidelines
• Changing switch modes requires a reset • Resets do not change the IP-10 settings (radio, configuration, etc.) • VLANs need to be created in the switch DB before assigned to a port
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 103
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Single Pipe Configuration 7
Proprietary and Confidential
Single Pipe Configuration
Untagged VID 4
45 VID 51
IP-10 Switch
VID 100
Port 1: GbE (Optical or Electrical) Port 2: FE (RJ45)
8
Port 8 (Radio)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 104
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Configuration – Single Pipe
This is the default setting
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Single Pipe
Only one ingress port can be used:
Port 1 (Opt. or Elec.) Port 2 (RJ45) When one is enabled the other is disabled No need to configure VID membership 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 105
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Managed Mode Configuration 11
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Managed Mode Let’s use this diagram as an example Port #2 as Trunk (VID 200)
IDU-B IDU-A
Port #3 as Trunk (VID 300)
12
Radios as Trunk by default
Port #2 as Trunk (VID 200, VID 300)
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 106
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Configuration – Managed Mode Make sure both IDUs are aware of the required VIDs You need to create the VIDs before you assign them to a certain port (Set # & Apply)
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Managed Mode Next steps: 1. Go to Interfaces page 2. Enable the required port (Ingress ports) 3. Configure the port type as Trunk or Access 4. Assign allowed VLAN IDs (port membership) 5. Radio port is automatically configured as Trunk, all VLANs are allowed by default
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 107
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Configuration – Managed Mode
2
1
3
4 15
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration – Managed Mode – Common Applications Tagging / untangling
IP-10 Radio = Trunk Port
Access Port
Transmits and receives Untagged frames
Transmits and receives Untagged frames
PC
PC 192.168.1.200
192.168.1.100
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 108
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Configuration – Managed Mode – Common Applications Radio = Trunk Port
IP-10 Trunk Port
Multiple L2 streams, each identified with unique VID
Traffic Generator Trunk Port
17
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
18
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 109
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FibeAir ® IP-10 Trunk VS. Access
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
1. VLAN TAG Attributes 2. Access Port 3. Trunk Port 4. Extracting frames out of a trunk 5. General Guidelines 6. EMS Trunk Configuration
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 110
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VLAN TAG Attributes 1.
In L2 ETH switching, L2 traffic can be engineered using the VLAN TAG attributes
2.
L2 traffic is controlled by defining port membership: Access or Trunk
3.
Together, port membership + L2 traffic engineering convert connectionless to connection-oriented network
4.
In such networks, services are better deployed and maintained
5. • •
VLAN TAG attributes include: VLAN ID (12 bits) Priority Bits (3 bits)
5. • •
Additional attributes may be used to engineer traffic: MAC DA Port number
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Access Port •
Access Port is a port which is aware of a single VLAN only
•
Ingress traffic is expected to be Untagged, e.g. – no VLAN information exists within the received Ethernet frame
•
All frames that are received through this port are tagged with default VLAN (VID + P bits)
•
All frames that exit through this port towards customer devices are untagged (VLAN is removed)
•
Users can configure the L2 switch to assign different tagging scenarios to different ports
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 111
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Access Port Let us examine the Tagging / Untagging process of a L2 switch
•
L2 ETH SW
DA
SA
Type
Payload
FCS
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Access Port – Tagging ingress frames Let us examine the Tagging / Untagging process of Port #1
•
Tagging
Port #8
Port #1 DA
SA
VLAN TAG
Type
Payload
FCS
Tagged frame DA
SA
Type
Payload
FCS
Access Port:Untagged frame 6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 112
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Access Port – Utagging frames towards customer interfacing ports When Tagged frame from Network is forwarded to Access port, the VLAN Tag is removed
•
Untagging
Port #8
Port #1 DA
SA
VLAN TAG
Type
Payload
FCS
Tagged frame DA
SA
Type
Payload
FCS
Access Port: Untagged frame 7
Proprietary and Confidential
Access Port – Tagging multiple ports The switch can individually tag multiple Access ports with same VID or unique VID
•
Tagging
Port #8 Port #1
Port #2 DA
DA
DA SA Type Payload FCS SA Type Payload FCS
DA
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10 VLAN TAG = 33
Type Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
Access Ports: Untagged frames 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 113
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Trunk Port – multiple VIDs awareness To be able to transmit & receive multiple VLANs, the common port has to be configured as a Trunk Port
•
Trunk Port
Port #8 Port #1
Port #2 DA
DA
DA SA Type Payload FCS SA Type Payload FCS
DA
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10
Type
VLAN TAG = 33
Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
Access ports: Untagged frames 9
Proprietary and Confidential
Trunk Port – multiple VIDs awareness Any port can be configured as Trunk In this example, port #2 is facing customer device to forward all the network VLANs (TX&RX)
• •
Trunk Port
Port #8 Port #2 DA DA DA
SA
VLAN TAG = 10
SA VLAN TAG = 33 DA Untagged frames 10
Type Type
Payload Payload
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10 VLAN TAG = 33
Type Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
FCS FCS Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 114
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Trunk & Access – Extracting frames out of a Trunk
DA
•
A certain VLAN can be extracted out of a Trunk via Access port assigned with specific VLAN membership (Default VID)
SA
Type
Payload
FCS DA
SA
VLAN TAG = 33
Type
Payload
FCS
Port #5: Access
Port #8: Trunk DA
Port #2: Trunk
SA
DA
VLAN TAG = 10
SA VLAN TAG = 33 DA Untagged frames
Type Type
Payload Payload
11
DA
SA SA
VLAN TAG = 10 VLAN TAG = 33
Type Type
Payload Payload
FCS FCS
FCS FCS Proprietary and Confidential
General guidelines •
Access port can only receive untagged frames from customer device
•
Access port can only transmit untagged frames towards customer device
•
Access port supports single VLAN
•
Access port can be connected to an Access port only
•
Trunk port can only receive / transmit tagged frames
•
Trunk port supports multiple VLANs
•
Trunk port can be connected to a Trunk port only
•
When configuring Access or Trunk port, membership needs to be defined next (which VLANs are supported…)
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 115
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EMS Trunk Configuration
2
1
3
4 13
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
14
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 116
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FibeAir® IP-10 EMS Metro Switch Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
1. Metro mode review 2. Common Applications: CN – PN – PN – CN 3. Common Applications: CN – PN – PN – PN 4. Switch Mode Configuration 5. CN Port Configuration 6. PN Port Configuration
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 117
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Metro Mode (license depended) This application is “802.1Q” VLAN aware bridge, allowing Q-in-Q (A.K.A. VLAN Stacking). This mode allows the configuration of a PE port and CE port. Allowed Ingress Frames
Type
VLANs
CustomerNetwork
Specific S-VLAN should be Untagged frames, or assigned to "Customerframes with C-tag Network" port (ether-type=0x8100).
ProviderNetwork
A range of S-VLANs, or "all" S-VLANs should be assigned to "ProviderNetwork" port
3
Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Allowed Egress Frames Untagged or C-tag (ether-type= 0x8100) frames. Configurable S-tag. (ether-type) 0x88a8 0x8100 0x9100 0x9200
Proprietary and Confidential
Common Configurations: CN – PN – PN – CN Provider-Facing Port (PN) 1st VID is hidden Only S-VLAN is visible
Customer-Facing Port (CN)
Customer-Facing Port (CN)
Ingress frame (C-VLAN) is encapsulated with 2nd VID (S-VLAN)
Ingress frame (C-VLAN) is encapsulated with 2nd VID (S-VLAN)
CN port removes S-VLAN on opposite direction
4
CN port removes S-VLAN on opposite direction Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 118
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3/8/2010
Common Configurations: CN – PN – PN – PN Provider-Facing Port (PN) 1st VID is hidden Only S-VLAN is visible
Customer-Facing Port (CN) Provider-Facing Port (PN)
Ingress frame (C-VLAN) is encapsulated with 2nd VID (S-VLAN)
S-VLAN is not removed
CN port removes S-VLAN on opposite direction
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Switch Mode Configuration
1
2 1. Set mode to Metro (requires reset) 2. Add the S-VLAN ID (set & apply)
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 119
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CN Port Configuration 1. Go to Interfaces / Ethernet Ports page 2. Enable the port 3. Set the type to Customer Network 4. Type the port ID (EVC name, free string) 5. Type the S-VLAN ID 6. Enable Port Learning 7. Apply & Refresh 8. See screen capture next slide 7
Proprietary and Confidential
CN Port Configuration
2 1
3 4 5
6 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 120
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PN Port Configuration 1. Go to Interfaces / Ethernet Ports page 2. Enable the port 3. Set the type to Provider Network 4. Enable Port Learning 5. Edit (if needed) the allowed S-VLANs 6. Apply & Refresh 7. Set the required S-Tag (Ether-Type) 8. See screen capture next slide 9
Proprietary and Confidential
PN Port Configuration
2 1
3
1 4 6 5 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 121
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PN Port Configuration – Setting the S-Tag
7
11
• 0x88A8 • 0x8100 • 0x9100 • 0x9200
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
12
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 122
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3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS RSTP Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • Student Perquisites • General Overview • Limitations • Site / Node Types • Switchover Criteria • In Band Management • Out of band Management • Configuration Example 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 123
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Student Perquisites Viewers / end-user are required to have previous experience prior to practicing this module:
1. End users should be familiar with Switch configuration 2. Be End users should be familiar with setting port membership 3. End users should be familiar with management mode configuration 4. End users should be familiar with configuring Automatic State Propagation
3
Proprietary and Confidential
General Overview Ceragon Networks ring solution enhances the RSTP algorithm for ring topologies, accelerating the failure propagation relative to the regular RSTP: • Relations between Root and Designated bridges when ring is converged in the first time is the same as defined in the standard RSTP. Ring-RSTP itself is different than “classic” RSTP, as it exploits the topology of the ring, in order to accelerate convergence. • Ethernet-Fast-Ring-RSTP will use the standard RSTP BPDUs: 01-80-C2-00-00-00. • The ring is revertible. When the ring is set up, it is converged according to RSTP definitions. When a failure appears (e.g. LOF is raised), the ring is converged. When the failure is removed (e.g. LOF is cleared) the ring reverts back to its original state, still maintaining service disruption limitations. • RSTP PDUs coming from “Edge” ports are discarded (and not processed or broadcasted). 4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 124
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Ring RSTP Limitations 1. Ring RSTP is a proprietary implementation of Ceragon Networks, and cannot interwork with other Ring RSTP implementations of other 3rd party vendors. 2. Ring RSTP can be activated only in “Managed Switch” application, and is not available in any other switch application (“Single Pipe” or “Metro”). 3. Ring RSTP should NOT be running with protection 1+1.
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Site / Node Types The ring can be constructed by two types of nodes/sites: 1. Node/Site Type A: • The site is connected to the ring with one Radio interface (e.g. East) and one Line interface (e.g. West). • The site contains only one IP-10 IDU. The Radio interface towards one direction (e.g. East), and one of the Gigabit (Copper or Optical) interfaces, towards the second direction (e.g. West). • Other line interfaces are in “edge” mode, meaning, they are user interfaces, and are not part of the ring itself.
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 125
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Site / Node Types The ring can be constructed by two types of nodes/sites: 2. Node/Site Type B: • The site is connected with Radios to both directions of the ring (e.g. East & West). • Site contains two IDUs. Each IDU support the Radio in one direction • One IDU runs with the “Ring RSTP”, and the second runs in “Single pipe” mode. • Both IDUs are connected via Gigabit interface (either optical or electrical). • Other line interfaces are in “edge” mode.
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Switchover / Convergence Criteria The following failures will initiate convergence: • Radio LOF • Link ID mismatch. • Radio Excessive BER (optional) • ACM profile is below pre-determined threshold (optional). • Line LOC • Node cold reset (“Pipe” and/or “Switch”). • Node power down (“Pipe” and/or “Switch”) • xSTP port disable / enable
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 126
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In-Band Management (1) In this scenario, management is part of the data traffic, thus, management is protected with the traffic when the ring is re-converged as a result of a ring failure. • “Managed Switch” IDUs will be configured to “In-Band”, while “Single Pipe” IDUs will be configured to “Out-of-Band”. • “Single Pipe” nodes will be connected with external Ethernet cable to the “Managed Switch” for management. • The reason for that requirement is the “automatic state propagation” behavior of the “Single Pipe” that shuts down its GbE traffic port upon failure, thus, management might be lost to it.
9
Proprietary and Confidential
In-Band Management (2)
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 127
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Out of band Management (1) • In this scenario, all elements (“Single pipe” and “Managed Switch” IDUs) should be configured to “Out-of-band”, with WSC “enabled”. Management will be delivered over WSC.
• External xSTP switch should be used in order to gain resilient management, and resolve the management loops.
• The following picture demonstrates 4 sites ring, with out-of-band management:
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Out of band Management (2)
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 128
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Configuration Example 13
Proprietary and Confidential
RSTP Example (1) Site #2
Site #1 3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #3) 3
4
5
6
7
MNG (slot #1)
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
X
Site #3 3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
• Establish the physical connections according to the setup scheme. • Leave one link disconnected to avoid loops (for example: site #3 to site #2) • Configure In-Band MNG using VLAN #200 (or other) on all main IDUs 14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 129
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RSTP Example (2) Site #2
Site #1 3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #3) 3
4
5
6
7
MNG (slot #1)
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
X
Site #3 3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
• Connect extension IDUs (port #3) to Main IDUs (port #3 & port #4, members of VID #200). Use ETH cross-cables. • Configure Port 3 (& port 4 of site #2) of Main units as trunks members of VID 200 to transport the management packets 15
Proprietary and Confidential
RSTP Example (3) Site #2
Site #1 3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #3) 3
4
5
6
7
MNG (slot #1)
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
Site #3 3
4
5
6
7
3
4
5
6
7
Pipe (slot #2)
MNG (slot #1)
• Disconnect IDUs from Switch (except for GW IDU) • Enable RSTP on all Managed Switches (Main) • PING EMS to all Sites • Connect the broken radio link (site #1 to Site #3) 16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 130
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RSTP Example (4)
• Use the EMS to learn which switch is the Root Bridge and which ports are the Root Ports. • Verify that the ring is set up properly (one Root) 17
Proprietary and Confidential
RSTP Example (5)
• Identify the Edge Ports and Non-Edge ports in your scheme and make sure they are configured the same in your setup 18
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 131
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RSTP Example (6)
• Identify the Edge Ports and Non-Edge ports in your scheme and make sure they are configured the same in your setup 19
Proprietary and Confidential
RSTP Example (7) Make sure that all RING IDUs (Pipe & Managed) are support Automatic State Propagation (enabled). Enabling ASP allows RSTP Ring to converge faster by propagating radio alarms into the Line and thus, accelerating port state changes.
20
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 132
10
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RSTP Example (8) • Disconnect a radio link and make sure PING to all Main units is maintained • Restore connectivity. • Disconnect a different radio link and make sure PING to all Main units is maintained
•Repeat the same tests with traffic and trails (SNCP).
21
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22
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 133
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3/8/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 QoS Concept & Implementation
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Agenda • Introduction • Why do we need QoS? • Not all Traffic are the same… • Traffic Engineering as a solution • QoS in IP-10
2
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 134
1
3/8/2010
Understanding QoS
Why do we need QoS? (1) Without controlling our Backbone /Core infrastructure • High cost of non-responsiveness: devices are deployed but not properly allocated to transport customer traffic • On the other hand – bad resource design results in congestion which will lead to network downtime costs due to degradation of performance • QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes network resources
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 135
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3/8/2010
Why do we need QoS? (2) Mobile operators focus on reducing costs: • Mobile Broadband growth requires Backhaul expansions, hence: • Operators are stretching their cost-saving initiatives • Operators will look for new ways to drive further Backhaul savings • Operators must reduce their cost per Mbit • QoS (e.g. - Traffic Engineering) optimizes network resources
Wireless Carrier Ethernet Backhaul Network
Business center
GE
WiMAX / 4G / LTE Cellular site WiMAX Ceragon TDM E1/T1
Ceragon
Hub / Aggregation site
2G/3G base station
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Fundamental Fact Dynamic WWW
Static WWW
Multimedia
emails FTP
Not all traffic is the same!
Skype
So why treated equally?...
Who’s first? 6
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 136
3
3/8/2010
Traffic Engineering as a Solution Your 1st assignment is identifying needs & solutions: Dynamic WWW
What is the BW requirement per service ? • Video requires more than voice
Static WWW
Multimedia
• Data requires less than video • FTP requires more than emails…
emails FTP
What is the delay sensitivity of each service? • Delayed Voice is inacceptable… • FTP can tolerate delays
Skype Your 2nd assignment is grouping services into SLAs: • Video & Multimedia – Low Services (Best Effort) • FTP – Moderate Service • Skype – Highest Service
Your 3rd assignment is configuring QoS in your network 7
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QoS in IP-10
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 137
4
3/8/2010
IP-10G L2 ETH Switch Ports
The IP-10’s L2 Switch has 8 ports:
• Port #1 GbE (Opt. / Elec.) • Port #2 GbE (Opt. / Elec.) • Port #3 to port #7 FE • Port #8 (Radio port)
9
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QoS Process Q4
Q4
25 10
50
Q1
Q3 Q2
Rate Limit
Queuing
Scheduling
Egress Port (s)
Ingress Port
10
Shaping
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 138
5
3/8/2010
Ingress Rate Limiting Users can configure maximum ingress rate per port Exceeding traffic will be discarded Rate limitation can be configured per type of traffic (Policers)
FE Max. Rate
25 10
100Mbps
Discard
Max. Allowed Rate
50
Pass Actual Customer Traffic
Time Example: Policer assigned to FE interface 11
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Using Queues Every port of the L2 switch examines the ingress traffic and then it sorts it in a buffer according to classification criteria This process is called Queuing Users can configure up to 4 queues for max. resolution of priorities
Q4
High
Q3 Q2 Q1 12
Low
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 139
6
3/8/2010
Custom Queuing
Packets sent through interface Sent packets Interface
Scheduling
13
Egress Queuing
Proprietary and Confidential
Scheduling (1) Once the queues are filled with information, we need to empty them Which queue should we empty first? Round-Robin: Emptying cycle is fixed – all queues are treated equally
Q4
High
Q4
Q3
Q3 Q1
Q1
Q2 Q1 14
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2 Pro: no “queue starvation” Con: no prioritization
Low Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 140
7
3/8/2010
Scheduling (2) Weighted Round-Robin: Emptying cycle is configurable – every queue can be given specific weight
Q4
High
Q4
Q4
Q3
Q1
Q3
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q2 Pro: no “queue starvation”
Q1
Low
15
Proprietary and Confidential
Scheduling (3) 4th Strict Priority: The switch will empty Q4 as long as it has something Once empty – switch will perform RR on lower queues If Q4 receives a frame during the Lower-Queues-RR, it will go back to focus on Q4
Q4
High
Q1
Q3
Q3 Q3
16
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q2
Q2 Q1
Q4
Pro: Optimized Prioritization Con: “Queue starvation”
Low Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 141
8
3/8/2010
Scheduling (4) All Strict Priority: The switch will empty a queue as long as the higher queue is empty
Q4
High
Q3 Q3
Q4
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q4
Q2 Pro: no “queue starvation” Q1 17
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Shaping Bursts beyond a EIR (Excessive Information Rate) can be buffered and retransmitted when capacity frees up, and only when shaping buffers are full will packets be dropped.
18
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 142
9
3/8/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 143
10
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Basic QoS Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Perquisites End-users must be familiar with the following items prior to taking this module:
• Introduction to Ethernet • 802.1p/q • QoS (Concept) • IP-10 Switch Configuration • Trunk VS. Access 2
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 144
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3/9/2010
Agenda • Step #1: Configure the switch • Step #2: Configure the switch ports • Step #3: Configure QoS per port • Process Review • Basic Configurations
3
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Step #1: Set your Switch • Configure the switch mode: Pipe / Managed / Metro • Configure VLAN IDs
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 145
2
3/9/2010
Step #2: Configure Switch Ports • Configure Port Type: Access / Trunk • Configure Port Membership
5
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Step #3: Configure QoS per Port
6
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 146
3
3/9/2010
Process Review
Policer per port
25 10
50
Rate Limit 8
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 147
4
3/9/2010
3 classifiers to audit & queue Ingress Traffic
Queuing
9
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Egress port Scheduler
Q4
Q4
Q1
Q3 Q2
Scheduling
10
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 148
5
3/9/2010
Egress Port Shaper
Shaping
11
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Basic Configurations
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 149
6
3/9/2010
1. Ingress Rate Limiting
Let’s say we want to limit Video streams from customer interface towards the network Video streams are characterized with a UDP protocol & multicast address Therefore we shall define a Policer to limit these parameters
13
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1. Ingress Rate Limiting – Setting a Policer There are 15 different traffic types that we can use Each Policer can have up to 5 conditions
14
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 150
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3/9/2010
1. Attaching a Policer to a port To attach a Policer to a port simply type the Policer name
15
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2. Queuing according to Ingress P-Bits Click on the VLAN Pbits to Queue link to open the configuration table
Using this table we can map 8 priority levels to 4 queues or lower number of classes This table is global and can be used for other tasks as well
16
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 151
8
3/9/2010
2. Queuing according to Ingress P-Bits Select “VLAN Pbits” as the 3rd classifier as shown below:
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
17
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3. Queuing Ingress Frames according to MAC Click on the Static MAC link to open the configuration table
In this example, we prioritize 3 frames according to their MAC DA. The ingress frames are put in a queue according to the Priority settings and VLAN P-Bits to Queue table. Ingress frames with MAC DA that are not listed in this table will be handled by the next classifiers .
18
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 152
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3/9/2010
3. Queuing Ingress Frames according to MAC Next, select “Queue Decision” as the 1st criteria
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
Frames with MAC that do not comply to the table will be classified by the 2nd & 3rd classifiers 19
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4. Queuing Ingress Packets according ToS / DSCP
Click on the “IP Pbits to Queue” Link to configure ToS /DSCP for IPv4 or IPv6
20
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 153
10
3/9/2010
4. Queuing Ingress Packets according ToS / DSCP Next, select “IP-TOS ” as the 3rd criteria
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
21
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5. Assigning Port traffic to a specific Queue Select “Port ” as the 3rd criteria Select to which queue the port should assign the ingress frames
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
22
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 154
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3/9/2010
6. Queuing Ingress frames according to VLAN ID Click on the “VLAN ID to Queue” Link to configure the table
23
Proprietary and Confidential
6. Queuing Ingress frames according to VLAN ID Select “Queue Decision” as the 2nd criteria
Set the Egress Scheduler as required -
Frames with VID that do not comply to the table will be classified by the 3rd classifier 24
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 155
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3/9/2010
7. Egress Shaper
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 64kbps and 1Mbps requires setting it in steps of 64kbps
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 1Mbps and 100Mbps requires setting it in steps of 1Mbps
• Reducing the egress rate to a value between 100Mbps and 1Gbps requires setting it in steps of 10Mbps 25
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26
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 156
13
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Advanced QoS Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • VLAN P-Bit Re-Map – Why? • Configuring the Re-Map Table • Queuing without Re-Map • Queuing with next classifier + Re-Map • Queuing + Re-Map • IP ToS over VLAN P-Bits • VLAN P-Bits over IP ToS • Using more than a single Classifier 2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 157
1
3/9/2010
P-Bit Re-Map: Why? • Re-Map table is per port (e.g. every port can apply a different map) • Can be used to re-scale Customer CoS • Can be used to guaranty certain Customer priorities are reserved for specific purposes
Customer network
3
P-Bit
Service
P-Bit*
Service
0-2
Video
0-5
3–4
Data
Best Effort
5–6
MNG
6
MNG
7
Voice
7
Voice
L2 Switch (IP-10)
Provider network
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuring the Mapping Table Click on the “VLAN Pbits Remap Table” link to configure relevant settings
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 158
2
3/9/2010
Queuing without Re-Mapping Ingress Tagged frame VID
P-bit
Ingress Rate Limit
5
Queuing according to classifier
Egress Scheduler
Egress Shaper
VID
P-bit
Proprietary and Confidential
Skipping to next classifier with Re-Map Re-Map Table
Ingress Tagged frame VID
6
P-bit
Ingress Rate Limit
Queuing according to next classifier
Egress Scheduler
Egress Shaper
VID
P-bit*
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 159
3
3/9/2010
Queuing and Re-Mapping Re-Map Table
Ingress Tagged frame VID
7
P-bit
Ingress Rate Limit
Queuing according to classifier
Egress Scheduler
Egress Shaper
VID
P-bit*
Proprietary and Confidential
Conditional Classification
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 160
4
3/9/2010
IP ToS over VLAN P-Bits In case the ingress frame carries a VLAN and has an IP header Classification is according to IP TOS Otherwise the switch will apply the Default Configuration (Queue number).
L2 Tagged ETH
9
L3 IP Header
Proprietary and Confidential
VLAN P-Bits over IP ToS In case the ingress frame carries a VLAN and has an IP header Classification is according to VLAN P-Bits Otherwise the switch will apply the Default Configuration (Queue number).
L2 Tagged ETH
10
L3 IP Header
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 161
5
3/9/2010
Using more than a single Classifier As long as the ingress frames comply to the higher conditions, the system will not check lower conditions (Classifiers) If higher condition is not matched, the system will proceed to the lower condition and so on…
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Using more than a single Classifier Audit VID : if VID = 100 than apply “High Service” if VID = 200 than apply “Low Service”
otherwise -
Otherwise –
2nd criteria: VLAN ID
If ingress VID does not qualify (100 or 200)
100 or 200
then skip to -
Audit VLAN P-bits
Ingress frames
VID = ?
100
Highest
100
Highest
100
Highest
100
Highest
200
Lowest
3rd criteria: P-Tag 7
Highest
6 3
Different than 100 or 200 12
2 0
Lowest
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 162
6
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
13
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 163
7
3/9/2010
FibeAir® IP-10 Commissioning the Radio Link
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Link Common Attributes
IP-10
IP-10
RSL –
Received Signal [dBm]
MSE–
Mean Square Error [dB]: • Modulation status • Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
Max. TSL – Max. allowed Transmission Signal [dBm] Monitored TSL – Actual Transmission level [dBm]
2
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 164
1
3/9/2010
ATPC
ATPC – Adaptive Transmission Power Control The quality of radio communication between low Power devices varies significantly with time and environment. This phenomenon indicates that static transmission power, transmission range, and link quality, might not be effective in the physical world.
• Static transmission set to max. may reduce lifetime of Transmitter • Side-lobes may affect nearby Receivers (image) Main Lobe Side Lobe
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 165
2
3/9/2010
ATPC – Adaptive Transmission Power Control To address this issue, online transmission power control that adapts to external changes is necessary. In ATPC, each node builds a model for each of its neighbors, describing the correlation between transmission power and link quality. With this model, we employ a feedback-based transmission power control algorithm to dynamically maintain individual link quality over time.
5
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ATPC – Adaptive Transmission Power Control 1. Enable ATPC on both sites 2. Set reference RSL (min. possible RSL to maintain the radio link) 3. ATPC on both ends establish a Feedback Channel through the radio link (1byte) 4. Transmitters will reduce power to the min. possible level 5. Power reduction stops when RSL in remote receiver reaches Ref. level
TSL Adjustments
ATPC module
Site A
6
Monitored RSL
Radio Transceiver
Radio
Radio Receiver
Feedback
Radio Receiver Signal Quality Check
-
Ref. RSL
RSL required change Site B
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 166
3
3/9/2010
ATPC OFF = High Power Transmission
ATPC:
Disabled
ATPC:
Disabled
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Monitored TSL: Monitored RSL:
10 dBm -53 dBm
Monitored TSL: Monitored RSL:
8 dBm -56 dBm
ATPC module
Radio Transceiver
Radio
Radio Receiver
Feedback
Site A
7
Radio Receiver
-
Signal Quality Check
Ref. RSL
RSL required change Site B
Proprietary and Confidential
ATPC ON = Reduced Power, cost & long-term maintenance ATPC: Ref. RSL:
Enabled -65 dBm
ATPC: Ref. RSL:
Enabled - 65 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Max. TSL:
10 dBm
Monitored TSL:
2 dBm (before 10)
Monitored TSL:
2 dBm (before 8)
Monitored RSL:
-60 dBm (before 53)
Monitored RSL:
-63 dBm (before 56)
ATPC module
Site A
8
Radio Transceiver
Radio
Radio Receiver
Feedback
Radio Receiver Signal Quality Check
-
Ref. RSL
RSL required change Site B
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 167
4
3/9/2010
MRMC Adaptive TX Power
MRMC Adaptive TX Power Designed to work with ACM in certain scenarios to allow higher Tx power available at lower order modulation schemes for a given modulation scheme.
When Adaptive TX is disabled: Maximum TX power is limited by the highest modulation configured in the MRMC ACM script. In other words, when link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will be limited to the value corresponding as Max. TX in 256QAM.
When Adaptive TX is Enable: When link suffers signal degradation, modulation may change from 256QAM to QPSK. However, Max. power will increase to compensate for the signal degradation.
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 168
5
3/9/2010
MRMC Adaptive Power = OFF
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm (Max.) Signal Degradation = Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ MAX. TSL = 18 dBm
11
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MRMC Adaptive Power = ON
256QAM @ Monitored TSL = 18 dBm(Max.) Signal Degradation = Lower bit/symbol
16QAM @ Monitored TSL = 24 dBm
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 169
6
3/9/2010
MRMC Adaptive Power It is essential that Operators ensure they do not breach any regulator-imposed EIRP limitations by enabling Adaptive TX. To better control the EIRP, users can select the required class (Power VS. Spectrum): • Class 2 • Class 4 • Class 5B • Class 6A • FCC RFU-C should have version 2.01 (or higher) for proper functionality of “Adaptive TX Power” feature.
The Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is the apparent power transmitted towards the receiver assuming that the signal power is radiated equally in all directions 13
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Configuration
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 170
7
3/9/2010
Radio Settings – Local Radio Spectrum Mask FQ spacing (gap) between channels Monitored transmission power Monitored received signal Monitored Mean Square Error Required value = zero
Radio frequencies can be set locally or on remote unit as well (assuming links is up)
Enable / Disable Min. target RSL (local) Enable = no transmission Value depends on MRMC settings Encryption: must be identical on both IDUs
15
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Radio Settings – Local Radio
Enable on both IDUs to get maximum throughput (500Mbps @ 56MHz)
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 171
8
3/9/2010
Radio Settings – Remote Radio
When the radio link is up, you can configure certain parameters on the remote unit: • Make sure Remote IP is available • Remote RSL can be read • Remote TSL can be set (depends on remote MRMC script) • Remote TX MUTE can be disabled (see next slide) • Remote target RSL for ATPC can be set
17
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Remote Un-Mute Simplified scheme
Site B is NOT transmitting but receiver is still ON
Site A is transmitting Site B
Site A 18
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 172
9
3/9/2010
Radio Thresholds
These settings determine the sensitivity / tolerance for triggering: • 1+1 HSB switchover • Ethernet Shutdown • PM generated alarms
19
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MRMC – Multi Rate Multi Coding Users may set the radio to a fixed capacity or automatic adaptive capacity using ACM. ACM radio script is constructed of a set of profiles. Each profile is defined by modulation order (QAM) and coding rate, while these parameters dictate profile’s capacity (bps). When ACM script is activated, system “chooses” automatically which profile to use according to the channel fading conditions. ACM TX profile can be different than ACM RX profile. ACM TX profile is determined by remote RX MSE performance. RX end is the one that initiates ACM profile upgrade or downgrade. When MSE is improved above predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to ‘upgrade’ its profile. If MSE degrades below a predefined threshold, RX generates a request to the remote TX to “downgrade’ its profile. 20
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 173
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3/9/2010
MRMC
We shall review this page using the following slides: 21
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MRMC – reading current script MAX. Capacity (w/out compression) ACM Script
CH. BW
Modulation Spectrum Mask
ACM is on
Spectrum Class Type
22
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 174
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3/9/2010
MRMC – Reading current capacity
23
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Thank You ! [email protected]
24
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 175
12
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Configuring Interfaces
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • Ethernet Interfaces • TDM Interfaces • Auxiliary Channels • Wayside Channel (Various Configurations)
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 176
1
3/9/2010
Ethernet Ports Configuration Configuring ETH ports is discussed in previous modules: • Switch Configuration • Trunk VS. Access • Metro Switch Configuration • QoS Configuration Interface
Rate
Functionality Single Pipe
Managed SW / Metro
ETH 1 (SFP)
GbE
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
ETH 2 (RJ 45)
GbE
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
ETH 3 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / Protection
Disabled / Traffic / Protection
ETH 4 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / Wayside
Disabled / Traffic / Wayside
ETH 5 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
Disabled / Traffic / MNG
ETH 6 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
Disabled / Traffic / MNG
ETH 7 (RJ 45)
FE 10 / 100
Disabled / MNG
Disabled / Traffic / MNG
ETH 8 Radio (N Type)
According to Licensed fq.
Disabled / Traffic
Disabled / Traffic
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Ethernet Ports Configuration
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 177
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3/9/2010
TDM Ports Configuration IP-10 has 16 TDM ports Supported PHYs: • E1 • DS1 Dynamic allocation: Radio bandwidth (which may vary in ACM) is automatically allocated in the following order: 1. High-priority TDM trails 2. Low-priority TDM trails 3. Ethernet traffic (Data + Management, QoS should be considered) TDM trails in both sides of a link should have identical priorities.
5
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TDM Ports Configuration
Priority is used for ACM – When throughput reaches max. link capacity the system will drop first ETH traffic and then TDM low priority ports
6
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 178
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3/9/2010
Auxiliary Interfaces
• •
Up to 19200 baud, Asynchronous RS-232. Up to 19200 baud, Asynchronous V.11.
EOW may be used as a simple solution for on-site communication between two technicians / installers / etc.
7
Proprietary and Confidential
WSC Interface • WSC interface is limited to 1628 bytes. • 2.048Mbps (Wide) or 64Kbps (Narrow) • Consumes BW from the total link BW
Out of band Management using WSC: In this case, remote system is managed using Wayside channel. On both local & remote units, Wayside channel will be connected to management port (using cross Ethernet cable). WSC can be configured to "narrow“ capacity (~64kbps) or "wide" capacity (~2Mbps). It is recommended to use “wide” WSC in order to get better management performance, since “narrow” WSC might be too slow. 8
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 179
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3/9/2010
OOB MNG in a 1+0 standalone link
At least 2 management ports are needed in a local unit: One port for local management, and 2nd port that will be connected to Wayside port. On remote unit, Wayside port will be connected to management port. 9
Proprietary and Confidential
OOB MNG in a 1+1 standalone IDUs (Y-Splitter)
WSC port will be connected in each unit to other available management port. In remote site, each unit's Wayside port should be connected to management port. 10
Active & Standby MNG ports have 2 options to be connected to the Host: Using Ethernet splitter cable connected to external switch. Using Protection "Patch Panel".
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 180
5
3/9/2010
OOB MNG in a 1+1 standalone IDUs (P. Panel)
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! [email protected]
12
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 181
6
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Automatic State Propagation
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • Introduction • Interfacing IP-10 with external devices • Configuration VS. Functionality • Dead Lock Example • ASP in Managed / Metro Mode
2
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 182
1
3/9/2010
Introduction “Automatic State Propagation” ("GigE Tx mute override") enables propagation of radio failures back to the line, to improve the recovery performance of resiliency protocols (such as xSTP).
The feature allows the user to configure which criteria will force GbE port (or ports in case of “remote fault”) to be muted / shut down, in order to allow the “network” find alternative paths. The feature is not operational in "External Protection".
3
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Interfacing IP-10 with external devices When external devices do not support Fault Propagation – Configure the following: 1. Enable Local LOC - to mute local GbE when LOC is raised 2. Enable Remote Fault – to mute local transmitter in case of remote LOF / Link ID mismatch & LOC 3. Enable Local Excessive BER – recommended but not necessary
4
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Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 183
2
3/9/2010
Interfacing IP-10 with external devices When external devices support Fault Propagation (another IP-10) – Configure the following: 1. Disable Local LOC 2. Enable Remote Fault – to mute local transmitter in case of remote LOF / Link ID mismatch & LOC 3. Disable Local Excessive BER - to avoid a dead lock scenario
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration VS. Functionality
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 184
3
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Configuration VS. Functionality
7
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration VS. Functionality
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 185
4
3/9/2010
Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
RX
RX
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A
9
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Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
RX
RX
TX
LOC
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 186
5
3/9/2010
Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
RX
X
RX
LOC
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised 3. LOC alarm triggers Site A to shut down its transmitter (TX Mute)
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
LOC
RX
RX
X
LOC
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised 3. LOC alarm triggers Site A to shut down its transmitter (TX Mute) 4. Site B detects silence on ingress port and declares LOC
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 187
6
3/9/2010
Example: Avoiding Dead Lock in Single Pipe Site A
Site B
TX
LOC
X
RX
X
RX
LOC
TX
1. GbE FO breaks down or disconnects at the ingress port of Site A 2. LOC alarm is raised 3. LOC alarm triggers Site A to shut down its transmitter (TX Mute) 4. Site B detects silence on ingress port and declares LOC 5. Site B shuts down its transmitter – both sites are in a state of a dead lock 13
Proprietary and Confidential
ASP in Managed Mode • Alarms are never propagated to a GbE port • GbE will never shut down • Alarms will be propagated to the Radio port • In 1+1 external protection, ASP is disabled.
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 188
7
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
15
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 189
8
3/9/2010
FibeAir® IP-10 1+1 External Protection
Proprietary and Confidential
Introduction • When a switchover occurs, and previous "Active" becomes "Standby", accessing the new "Active" will be done using its IP address • A "Protection Panel" or protection split cable is designed to implement E1/DS1 splitters. • Y-Split cables must be used for Ethernet signals.
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 190
1
3/9/2010
Setup Example (Standalone IDUs)
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration Steps (1) Item Step Description
4
Check
1
Set both IDUs to factory default
2
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have identical HW (same P/Ns…T-Cards…Auxiliary interfaces etc.)
3
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have identical SW version
4
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have identical License
5
Configure Active + Standby IDUs to have identical Switch Mode (Pipe…Managed…Metro)
6
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have unique IP address per chassis
7
Active (1st IDU) + Standby (2nd IDU) should have the same Management settings (Out of band / In-Band & VID)
8
Install 1st IDU
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 191
2
3/9/2010
Configuration Steps (2) Item Step Description
Check
9
1st
10
1st IDU: Lock Protection
11
Install 2nd IDU
12
2nd IDU: Enable Protection
13
Connect ETH cross-cable between the protection ports of the two IDUs (when units are not in a shelf)
14
Disconnect the MNG cables from both IDUs
15
Connect ETH Y-splitter to both IDUs (to the MNG ports)
16
Connect your MNG cable to the Y-Splitter cable and verify both IDUs can be managed
17
Verify Active IDU shows Mate IP address
IDU: Enable Protection (MNG will be lost for 60 sec.)
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Configuration Steps (2) Item Step Description
Check
18
Click “Open Mate” and log in to the mate IDU
19
Verify there are no “Configuration Mismatch” alarms
20
Verify there are no “Mate Communication failures”
21
Complete system setup (cabling & configuration)
22
In Active IDU – click “Copy to Mate” (STBY IDU will restart)
23
Initiate Manual Switchover and Forced Switchover: verify traffic is OK.
Note: The IDU, which is connected to the ODU fed by the lower attenuation channel of the RF coupler, is the IDU that should be selected as "Active". Note: The same procedure should be issued in the remote end, while installing the radio. 6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 192
3
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
7
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 193
4
CFM (OAM IEEE 802.1ag) Connectivity Fault Management
Module Version V2.0
Perquisites
Prior to this configuration, end-user need to be familiar with the following modules:
• • • • •
2
Ethernet Frame Structure 802.1p/q CFM Theory Switch Configuration Interfaces Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
1
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 194
Agenda • CFM: Why? • • • • • • •
Preliminary configuration Setup Review Configuration Flow Configuration Review Manual PING Manual Linktrace Automatic Linktrace
3
Proprietary and Confidential
CFM: WHY ? •
By definition, L3 IP or L2 ETH are Connection-less networks
•
In connection-less networks we are blind – unable to determine packet path or latency
•
This makes troubleshooting and maintenance a harder task
•
Solution: we need to convert our Connection-less network into a Connection-Oriented network
IN
?
IN
Connection-Less 4
Connection-Oriented Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
2
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 195
CFM: WHY ? •
Connection-Oriented networks (ATM, IP/MPLS) enable administrators setting a pre-defined packet path, reserving BW per service, faster event detection and thus – effective troubleshooting & maintenance
•
Such technologies are too expensive and sometimes not feasible for Mobile Operators / Mobile Backhaul solutions
•
Solution: use a cheaper technology with enhanced features:
Ethernet Core + Operations, Administration & Maintenance support (CFM)
CFM enables L3 operations such as Traceroute and PING with a simpler ETH infrastructure Connection-Oriented 5
Proprietary and Confidential
Preliminary Configuration
1. Make sure you define the required VLAN IDs in the Switch DB prior to OAM configuration 2. Prepare a Network Design Map with required configuration (MIP / MEP / IDs / MAC per device….) 4. Make sure IP-10 Interfaces are configured according to your Network Criteria (Trunk / Port VID Membership ). 5. Every CFM interface (including Radio) must be aware of the required VIDs (Port membership)
6. CFM requires physical connection, therefore – make sure your interfaces are enabled on both sides (DCE and DTE)
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
3
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 196
Setup Review (MAIDs):
Domain 1 Services: D1S1: MEP 1 to MEP 2, Level 3, VLAN 1000
1 D1S2: MEP 3 to MEP 4, Level 3, VLAN 2000
3
4 2 Domain 2 Services:
5
D2S2:
6
MEP 5 to MEP 6, Level 2, VLAN 1000 MEP MIP 7
Proprietary and Confidential
CFM Configuration Flow: 1
Create VLANs in Switch DB Assign VID membership per port
2
Create Domains and Services
3
Assign MIPs
4
You may use Advanced features to troubleshoot a L2 problem…
All Steps must be configured on both IP-10s Make sure you follow the same syntax…
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
4
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 197
Configuration
Switch Configuration – Mode and VIDs
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
5
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 198
Switch Configuration – Port Configuration
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Creating MAIDs Click on the Add button to add domains (use the setup diagram as a reference) You will need to specify: 1. 2. 3. 4.
12
Domain Name Level (1 to 7) Association Name VLAN ID
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
6
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 199
Creating MAIDs Create the domains as depicted in the setup diagram on both IDUs Settings must be unique and identical
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Domains defined… You should see the following status on your MAID list page (on both IDUs): If you point your cursor to the “No MEPs” indication LED, you will be notified that MEPs need to created as well
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
7
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 200
Defining MEPs Click on the ADD button to add a local MEP on both IDUs Continue to next slide to observe how…
15
Proprietary and Confidential
Defining MEPs Port #3 MEP ID: 1
Port #3 MEP ID: 2
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
8
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 201
RIGHT IP-10
Remote MEPs not defined yet…
17
Proprietary and Confidential
RIGHT IP-10
LEFT IP-10
Enable CCM on both IDUs
18
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
9
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 202
CCM enabled > Remote MEP is detected
As you can see, CCM enables auto-learning, hence – both MEPs discover each other (MAC and remote MEP ID are now known) New alarms indicate that process of creating the remote MEP is not fully complete 19
Proprietary and Confidential
Creating Remote MEPs
Click on the Add button to add a remote MEP on every IDU
20
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
10
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 203
Creating Remote MEPs Port #3 Local MEP ID: 1 Remote MEP: 2
Port #3 Local MEP ID: 2 Remote MEP: 1
21
Proprietary and Confidential
Service #1 (D1S1) is ready for monitoring!
Click on the “PING” button to check connectivity to Remote interface (results on next slide) 22
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
11
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 204
PING results (MEP1 to MEP2)
23
Proprietary and Confidential
“D1S2” – Creating another service We shall create a new service (S2) using the same Domain (D1) (hence- same level) To separate the 2 services, we shall assign a new VLAN
MEP1 MEP 3 MEP 4 MEP 2
New Domain: D1S2 MEP 3 to MEP 4 Level 3 VLAN 2000
The new service D1S2 will monitor the Radio ports 24
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
12
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 205
“D1S2” – Creating another service Using the MAID list, add the new service on both IDUs:
MEP 3 MEP 4
25
Proprietary and Confidential
“D1S2” – Creating Local MEPs Please note - Radio port MEP should be defined as a Downstream MEP
MEP 3 MEP 4
26
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
13
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 206
“D1S2” – Enable CCM on both IDUs
MEP 3 MEP 4
27
Proprietary and Confidential
“D1S2” – Add Remote MEPs on both IDUs
MEP 3 MEP 4
28
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
14
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 207
“D1S2” Service is now ready for monitoring
29
Proprietary and Confidential
“D2S2” – another service on another Domain
“D2S2” 5 6
30
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
15
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 208
“D2S2” – another service on another Domain
31
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Adding Local MEPs
Local MEP 5 Remote MEP 6 Local MEP 6 Remote MEP 5
32
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
16
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 209
Enabling CCMs…Adding Remote MEPs… Once you complete these tasks, your 3rd service is ready for monitoring
33
Proprietary and Confidential
Adding MIPs to enhance Monitoring The MIPs can be regarded as Service-free test-points MIPs provide more segments regardless of VLANs and Services
1
More test-point – More L2 capabilities!
We shall add a MIP point on every Radio interface
Make sure you set the MIP level according to the level of the “Parent” domain 34
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
17
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 210
Adding MIPs to enhance Monitoring In the MEP & MIP list, we can see the switch ports and there MACs: In our example, we need to add a MIP on the Radio port Therefore, we shall expand the Radio port to configure the MIP Add MIPs on both radio ports (both IDUs)
35
Proprietary and Confidential
Adding MIPs to enhance Monitoring
Please make a note of the Radio MAC address of each IDU – we shall need it later 36
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
18
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 211
MAC addresses of participating interfaces 00:0A:25:01:8F:AD 00:0A:25:56:27:AC
00:0A:25:56:27:C6
1
00:0A:25:56:27:C2
Please note – the above MACs are an example of given setup 37
Proprietary and Confidential
Manual PING | Manual Link Trace | Automatic Link Trace
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 212
Manual PING To PING from MEP 1 to MEP 2, you will need to set the following parameters: • Remote interface MAC • Level • VLAN Successful PING requires setting the correct path
39
Proprietary and Confidential
Manual Linktrace To trace an interface , you will need to set the following parameters: • Remote interface MAC • Level • VLAN Successful Trace requires setting the correct path
Results on next slide
40
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
20
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 213
Manual Linktrace Results FDB – MIP informing us that it received the LTM (link race message), it is not who we are looking for but it knows how to reach the target interface
We have traced 2 MIPs (on every Radio port)
Eventually we traced MEP 1 (HIT)
41
Proprietary and Confidential
Automatic Linktrace To enable Auto Linktrace – select the checkbox next to the target Remote MEP and then click “ADD SELECTED”
42
Proprietary and Confidential
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
21
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 214
Automatic Linktrace Click “Linktrace SELECTED”
43
Proprietary and Confidential
Thank You ! training.ceragon.com
44
Advanced Operation & Maintenance Course
22
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 215
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 Loopback Maintenance
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda
In this module we shall describe the various actions we can perform to properly maintain and troubleshoot the IP-10 system
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 216
1
3/9/2010
RFU RF Loopback
RFU RF LB
3
Proprietary and Confidential
RFU RF Loopback Use it to verify communication from Line to ODU is OK (including ODU) • Traffic affecting – TX is stopped • Configurable Timer to automatically restore traffic ( 0 = no time limits) • RFU LED is RED when Loopback is ON • LINK LED is GREEN when Loopback is ON • Alarm is displayed in Current Alarms:
• and Event log:
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 217
2
3/9/2010
IF Loopback
IDU IF LB
5
Proprietary and Confidential
IF Loopback Use it to verify communication from Line to IF cable is OK • Traffic affecting – TX is stopped • Configurable Timer to automatically restore traffic (0 = no time limits) • LINK LED is GREEN when Loopback is ON • Alarm is displayed in Current Alarms:
• and Event log (next slide):
6
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 218
3
3/9/2010
IF Loopback – Analysis using Event Log Let’s assume radio link is down – LINK LED is RED 16:29:01
We enable IF LB, therefore Link alarms clear
16:29:05
Loopback replaces remote unit – therefore alarm disappears
16:30:01
Loopback automatically stops, link recovers to original state
16:30:05
Radio link is down (original state)
7
Proprietary and Confidential
PDH Line LB towards Line (NE)
LB towards the line
8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 219
4
3/9/2010
PDH Line LB towards Line (Near End) Use this feature to evaluate connection to customer’s patch-panel Alarm is displayed in CAS:
and in Event Log:
9
Proprietary and Confidential
PDH Line LB towards Radio (FE)
LB towards the radio
Tester 10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 220
5
3/9/2010
PDH Line LB towards Radio – Event Log Analysis Let’s assume PDH port #1 is enable but not connected Therefore, Major alarm is on (RED)
16:59:44
We enable Line LB towards the radio
16:59:46
Loopback replaces end-device – therefore alarm disappears
17:06:37
Loopback is OFF
17:06:38
PDH port alarm is ON again…..
11
Proprietary and Confidential
IDU-RFU Interface Monitoring
Before you leave the site, make sure that these registers are elapsed (zero)\ When one of these registers is different than 0 – you need to report to your support representative In such case, perform the Loopbacks we have just covered to narrow down the probable causes for the errors
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 221
6
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
13
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 222
7
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Backup Maintenance
Agenda
In this module we shall describe the various actions we can perform to properly maintain and troubleshoot the IP-10 system using: 1. 2. 3. 2
Configuration File Unit Information File FTP Server Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 223
1
3/9/2010
Configuration File The Configuration file stores the following parameters:
• License • External Alarms • SNMP Trap Destination • NTP Server Properties • Radio properties: Frequency, RSL, TSL, ATPC, etc. • Switch Mode and database: Port types, VLAN membership, etc. • Interface Configuration: PDH, TDM, Ethernet Switch •Trail Configurations • Service OAM • Security: user accounts, login properties, etc.
3
Proprietary and Confidential
Unit Information File The Unit Information file stores the following parameters:
• Date & Time •Daylight Saving Time properties • System name and other ID parameters • Measuring properties (voltage, temperature) • Accumulated Performance Monitoring logs • Serial numbers
4
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 224
2
3/9/2010
Local FTP Server Uploading or Downloading the CFG & Unit files requires an FTP Server As long as your IP-10 communicates with the server, its location is irrelevant
EMS PC with local FTP Server installed
5
Proprietary and Confidential
Remote FTP Server You may assign a remote server to host the configuration and unit files
EMS PC
6
Remote FTP Server
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 225
3
3/9/2010
FTP Root Directory Every Server has its own properties. Make sure you are familiar with your FTP Root Directory: this is where the files are stored (software versions, CFG & Unit).
Examples for SW packages
Examples for CFG & Unit Files 7
Proprietary and Confidential
Configure your FTP Server Properties
1
2 8
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 226
4
3/9/2010
Upload / Download
9
Proprietary and Confidential
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Click “Create Archive” to allow the IP-10 zipping all parameters into one file
10
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 227
5
3/9/2010
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server)
Wait till task is successfully completed
11
Proprietary and Confidential
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Next step: Click “Upload Archive” to allow the IP-10 transferring the zipped file to your server
12
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 228
6
3/9/2010
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Wait till task is successfully completed
13
Proprietary and Confidential
Check your FTP Root Directory
This is your copy of the configuration file You may place it now in the dedicated folder (Configuration Files)
14
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 229
7
3/9/2010
Uploading the CFG File (IP-10 to Server) Follow the same steps to upload the Unit Information file:
1 15
2 Proprietary and Confidential
Check your FTP Root Directory
This is a copy of your Unit Information file
16
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 230
8
3/9/2010
Downloading the CFG File (Server IP-10) Follow the same steps to download the CFG file When download completes successfully, you will need to restart the system for changes to take place Please note – if the file does not exist in the root directory action will fail !
1 17
2 Proprietary and Confidential
Setting the unit back to Factory Defaults
You can restore your system to factory defaults You may also set the IP address to factory default address (192.168.1.1) 18
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 231
9
3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
19
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 232
10
3/9/2010
FibeAir ® IP-10 EMS Security Configuration
Proprietary and Confidential
Agenda • SSH • HTTPS • SFTP • Users & Groups • Password
2
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 233
1
3/9/2010
Security Configuration Update first FTP connection
Proprietary and Confidential
SSH – Secured Shell • SHHv1 and SSHv2 are supported. • SSH protocol can be used as a secured alternative to "Telnet". • SSH protocol is always be operational. Admin user can choose whether to disable
• "Telnet" protocol, which will be "enabled" by default. Server authentication will be based on IP-10’s "public key".
• Key exchange algorithm is RSA. • Supported Encryptions: aes128-cbc, 3des-cbc, blowfish-cbc, cast128-cbc, • • •
arcfour128, arcfour256, arcfour, aes192-cbc, aes256-cbc, aes128-ctr, aes192-ctr, aes256-ctr. MAC (Message Authentication Code): SHA-1-96 (MAC length = 96 bits, key length = 160 bit). Supported MAC: hmac-md5, hmac-sha1, hmacripemd160, hmac-sha1-96, hmacmd5-96' The server will authenticate the user based on “user name” and “password”. Number of failed authentication attempts is not limited. Server timeout for authentication: 10 min. This value cannot be configured.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 234
2
3/9/2010
HTTPS In order to manage the system using HTTPS protocol, user should follow the following steps:
• 1. Create the IDU certificate based on IDU's public key. • 2. Download the IDU certificate. • 3. Using CA certificate (Optional steps) i. Download the IDU CA's certificate. ii. Enable WEB CA certificate.
• 4. Set WEB Protocol parameter to HTTPS
Proprietary and Confidential
HTTPS – Public Key Upload The public key should be uploaded by the user for generating the IDU’s digital certificate:
• • • •
The upload will be done by using FTP/SFTP (s The public key file will be in PEM format. Click “Upload Public Key” The status of the “upload” operation can be monitored. The returned status values are: “ready” (default), “in-progress”, “success”, “failed”. In any case of failure, an appropriate error message will appear.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 235
3
3/9/2010
HTTPS – Certificate Download (1) Download IDU server certificate and/or IDU CA certificate (optional) : • • •
Download is done by using FTP/SFTP. PEM and DER certificate formats are supported. For downloading the IDU server certificate and/or IDU's CA certificate to the system, the following steps must be fulfilled for each file type:
Determine certificate file name (“Admin” privilege). Determine the certificate file type (“Admin” privilege): “Target Certificate” (for WEB server digital certificate) or “Target CA certificate” (for WEB CA digital certificate).
Determine certificate file format (“Admin” privilege): Format could be PEM (for PEM formatted file), or DER (for DER formatted file).
Determine whether to include the CA certificate into the WEB configuration definitions. This is an optional configuration and is recommended for adapting the WEB interface to all the WEB browsers applications (“Admin” privilege). Proprietary and Confidential
HTTPS – Certificate Download (2) After setting the above configurations, a “Download Certificate” command should be issued.
The status of the download operation can be monitored. The returned status values are: “ready”, “in-progress”, “success”, “failed”.
It is recommended to “refresh” the WEB page when certificate download operation is terminated.
To apply the new certificate, the WEB server should be restarted (“Admin” privilege). WEB server will be automatically restarted when it is configured to HTTPS.
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 236
4
3/9/2010
HTTPS - Activation WEB interface protocol can be configured to be HTTP (default) or HTTPS (cannot be both at the same time). While switching to HTTPS mode, the following must be fulfilled: • WEB server certificate file exist. • Certificate public key is compatible to IDU’s private key. • If one of the above tests fails, the operation will return an appropriate error indication. • Open WEB Browser and type the URL ”https:\\
Proprietary and Confidential
SFTP (Secure FTP)
SFTP can be used for the following operations:
• • • • •
Configuration upload/download, Upload the unit info. Upload public key. Download certificate files. SW download
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 237
5
3/9/2010
USERS, GROUPS & PASSWORD Proprietary and Confidential
Adding Users
To add / edit users & groups click on the item as shown in the captured imaged (left)
Click Add User to add new users…
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 238
6
3/9/2010
Adding Users
Proprietary and Confidential
Adding Users
New users will be required to change their password when they log in for the first time
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 239
7
3/9/2010
Changing Password A valid password should be a mix of upper and lower case letters, digits, and other characters. You can use an 8 character long password with characters from at least 3 of these 4 classes. An upper case letter that begins the password and a digit that ends it do not count towards the number of character classes used.
Proprietary and Confidential
Changing Password Good example: L00pBack – using capital letters, small letters and digits (zeros instead of “O”)
Bad example: Loopback – missing digits or other characters Loopbacks – using more than 8 characters
Proprietary and Confidential
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 240
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3/9/2010
Thank You ! [email protected]
17
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 241
9
FibeAir® IP-10
License Management Guide
Part ID: BM-0139-0 Doc ID: DOC-00019183 Rev a.00 November 2008
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 242
Notice This document contains information that is proprietary to Ceragon Networks Ltd. No part of this publication may be reproduced, modified, or distributed without prior written authorization of Ceragon Networks Ltd. This document is provided as is, without warranty of any kind.
Registered TradeMarks Ceragon Networks® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. FibeAir® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. CeraView® is a registered trademark of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
TradeMarks CeraMapTM, PolyViewTM, EncryptAirTM, ConfigAirTM, CeraMonTM, EtherAirTM, and MicroWave FiberTM, are trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd. Other names mentioned in this publication are owned by their respective holders.
Statement of Conditions The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Ceragon Networks Ltd. shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damage in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this document or equipment supplied with it.
Information to User Any changes or modifications of equipment not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment and the warranty for such equipment. Copyright © 2008 by Ceragon Networks Ltd. All rights reserved.
Corporate Headquarters: Ceragon Networks Ltd. 24 Raoul Wallenberg St. Tel Aviv 69719, Israel Tel: 972-3-645-5733 Fax: 972-3-645-5499 Email: [email protected]
www.ceragon.com
North American Headquarters: Ceragon Networks Inc. 10 Forest Avenue, Paramus, NJ 07652, USA Tel: 1-201-845-6955 Toll Free: 1-877-FIBEAIR Fax: 1-201-845-5665 Email: [email protected]
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 243
European Headquarters: Ceragon Networks (UK) Ltd. 4 Oak Tree Park, Burnt Meadow Road North Moons Moat, Redditch, Worcestershire B98 9NZ, UK Tel: 44-(0)-1527-591900 Fax: 44-(0)-1527-591903 Email: [email protected] APAC Headquarters Ceragon Networks (HK) Ltd. Singapore RO Level 34 Centennial Tower 3 Temasek Avenue Singapore 039190 Tel - + 65 6549 7886 Fax: +65 6549 7011
Contents General .......................................................................................................... 1
Getting Started .............................................................................................. 1
How to use the System................................................................................. 5
Managing the License .................................................................................. 6
Working with Devices .......................................................................................... 6
Working with Licenses....................................................................................... 16
Settings ............................................................................................................... 23
Generating Reports ............................................................................................ 25
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 244
General This guide explains how to work with the FibeAir® IP-10 web based License Management System. The system enables authorised users to obtain license-related information and perform license-related operations.
Getting Started To start the management application: 1.
In your web browser, go to the address http://80.74.99.83/LMManage/login.aspx
2.
To log in to the system, enter your user name and password, and then click Login. Note the following user name rules:
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 245 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
1
For Demo OEM, the first five digits must be 00001. The next four digits after the first five should be numbered starting with 0001 for end users. For example, the number 000010001 would mean that Demo OEM end user 0001 is entering the system. For users other than Demo OEM, the user name must start with 00000. For example, the number 000000001 would mean that non-Demo OEM user 0001 is entering the system. For OEM Users 3a. If you enter as an OEM user, the following web page appears:
One of two modes can be selected: Administrator (Demo OEM option) - The administrator can assign licenses and devices to customers, who can be either another OEM customer or Demo OEM. In this mode of operation, the OEM admin can assign licenses/devices to end users (including themself) and can generate license keys for the devices. End User (Customer option) - The OEM end user, or the OEM itself can generate keys for self use. In this mode, the user can only generate licenses based on the available device database. The user can only view his/her own devices (that were assigned to that user) and licenses.
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End users that belong to that channel cannot see devices or licenses that belong to the OEM or other customers. After you select the operating mode, the following web page appears:
CeraView® User Guide
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For Non-OEM Users 3b. If you enter as a non-OEM user the following web page appears: Note that a channel or OEM user can also enter as one of their customers. In this case, the system identifies the user as a channel/OEM user and will display a drop-down list to enable entry under the user's name. This will be done to allow operations for devices that the user sent to his/her customers.
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 248 FibeAir® IP-10 License Management System
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How to Use the System The menus that you can select from are grouped according to their functions. Simply click the item you want within a menu group (such as the Devices or Settings group). When you select an item within a group, the relevant web page will open with the details concerning that item. At the top of the web page for the item, a line appears with buttons that you can click to perform a particular operation.
From within an item web page, you do not have to return to the main web page. Instead, use the tabs at the top (Devices, Licenses, etc.) to obtain a list of items for the particluar group. Note that in any web page, you can click Print
CeraView® User Guide
to send the contents of the page to the printer.
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Managing the License The following sections describe the system menus and options that you can select to obtain information concerning your licenses and to perform license-related operations.
Working with Devices The Devices group includes items that can be selected to perform device-related operations, such as to obtain information about the devices included in your license, or import a device list from another source. Device List To obtain a list of devices: In the Devices group, select All Devices, or click the Devices tab at the top of the web page (if it appears). The following web page appears:
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Note that for OEM users, the Generate Keys button is replaced with Assign to Customer . The list includes all the devices you purchased from Ceragon. Click Device ID for a more deatiled description of the device.
In this page, you can assign the current ID to an end user, using the drop-down list in the Assign to Customer field.
CeraView® User Guide
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Search for Devices In the main device list web page, you can click Search registered in the system.
to locate a particular device that is
Select the criteria (filters) you want for the search, and then click Search. To clear the criteria you selected, click Clear.
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Import Devices In the toolbar, click Import
to import a list of devices from an external source.
You will be prompted to locate the file with the device list. Once you locate and select the file, click Import. The device list file must be a text file with the following columns: Device ID Customer
Country
Region / Network
Link
Side
In the Device ID column, use only upper case letters.
Adding and Deleting Devices To add a new device, in the toolbar, click New
CeraView® User Guide
.
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Enter a valid device ID in the field and click Save. The device will be added to your device list. .
To delete a device, select the device in the list, and click Delete Exporting a Device List To export a device list to a file, click Export
.
The list will be saved in an Excel file with the extension csv (Comma Separated Values). Generating Keys To generate license keys for one or more devices, select the devices in the main list by marking the checkboxes beside them, and click Generate Keys
.
The following web page appears:
In this web page, only the devices you selected will appear.
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The All Relevant Licenses area shows only the licenses that are common to all devices you selected (meaning their lowest common denominator). The current license types include the following: 1 = ACM 2 = Networking 3 = Capacity Upgrade The following tables list the current license possibilities: Capacity Upgrade License Type
Value
3
0
IP10-CAP-010
Feature disabled
3
1
IP10-CAP-025
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->25 Mbps
3
2
IP10-CAP-050
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->50 Mbps
3
3
IP10-CAP-100
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->100 Mbps
3
4
IP10-CAP-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 10->150 Mbps
3
5
IP10-CAP-200
Radio Cap Upgrade 10->200 Mbps
3
6
IP10-CAP-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 10->300 Mbps
3
7
IP10-CAP-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 10->400 Mbps
3
8
IP10-UPG-025-050
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->50 Mbps
3
9
IP10-UPG-025-100
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->100 Mbps
3
10
IP10-UPG-025-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->150 Mbps
3
11
IP10-UPG-025-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 25->200 Mbps
3
12
IP10-UPG-025-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 25->300 Mbps
3
13
IP10-UPG-025-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 25->400 Mbps
3
14
IP10-UPG-050-100
Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->100 Mbps
3
15
IP10-UPG-050-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->150 Mbps
3
16
IP10-UPG-050-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 50->200 Mbps
3
17
IP10-UPG-050-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 50->300 Mbps
3
18
IP10-UPG-050-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 50->400 Mbps
3
19
IP10-UPG-100-150
Radio Cap. Upgrade 100->150 Mbps
3
20
IP10-UPG-100-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 100->200 Mbps
3
21
IP10-UPG-100-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 100->300 Mbps
3
22
IP10-UPG-100-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 100->400 Mbps
3
23
IP10-UPG-150-200
Radio Cap. Upgrade 150->200 Mbps
3
24
IP10-UPG-150-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 150->300 Mbps
3
25
IP10-UPG-150-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 150->400 Mbps
3
26
IP10-UPG-200-300
Radio Cap Upgrade 200->300 Mbps
3
27
IP10-UPG-200-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 200->400 Mbps
3
28
IP10-UPG-300-400
Radio Cap Upgrade 300->400 Mbps
CeraView® User Guide
Description
Name in License Management Site
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ACM License Type
Value
1
0
1
1
Name in License Managament Site
Description
Feature disabled IP10-ACM
ACM
Networking (Metro Switch Enabled) License Type
Value
2
0
2
1
Name in License Management Site
Description
Feature disabled IP10-Metro
Metro Switch
To add a license for which you want to generate a key, select the license in the All Relevant Licenses area and click Add to add it to the Selected Licenses area. Important! You can only select one license from each category (ACM, Networking, Capacity Upgrade). If you select a capacity upgrade license and want to add a different capacity upgrade license, you must first remove the first capacity upgrade license and then add the other one. Once you select the licenses you want, click Generate Keys. After you confirm your selection, the following example web page appears.
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Assigning Devices to a Customer For OEM users, you can assign devices to other users by selecting Assign Devices to a Customer in the main web page Devices group. Or, you can click Assign to Customer at the top of the page.
In the Select Customer field, use the drop-down list to choose the customer you want to assign the devices to. Click Show Available Devices for a list of devices you can choose from. In the available list of devices, click Filter & Sort to customize the device list, as shown in the following example page.
CeraView® User Guide
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You can specify the ID of the device you want to include in the list, and select the list sort order (ascending or descending). After you click Go to generate the list, in the Available Devices list, select the devices you want to assign to the user, and click Add to add them to the Assigned Devices list. When you complete the operation, click Save. In the confirmation page, click Confirm. The following example page appears:
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Click Continue to go back to the device list page. The device list page will appear with the updated information.
CeraView® User Guide
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Working with Licenses In the Licenses group, select All Licenses, or click the Licenses tab at the top of the web page (if it appears). The following web page appears:
The web page displays all the licenses you currently own. To search for a particular license, click Search, specify the criteria you want, and click Search again. Click the number in the Qty Assigned column for a list of licenses assigned to customers.
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Click the number in the Qty Generated column for a list of licenses used to generate keys.
CeraView® User Guide
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To generate license keys, select Generate Keys in the Licenses group in the main web page, or click Generate Keys in the web page that appears when you click the Licenses tab.
To add a license for which you want to generate a key, select the license in the All Available Licenses area and click Add to add it to the Selected Licenses area. Click Show Relevant Devices for a list of devices associated with the licenses you chose.
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To add a device for which you want to generate a key, select the device in the All Available Devices area and click Add to add it to the Selected Devices area. Once you select the devices you want, click Generate Keys. The keys will be generated, as shown in the following example page, and the database will be updated.
CeraView® User Guide
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Assigning Licenses to a Customer For OEM users, you can assign licences to other users by selecting Assign Licenses to a Customer. Or, you can click the Assign to Customer button
at the top of the page.
In the Select Customer field, use the drop-down list to choose the customer you want to assign the licenses to. Click Show Available Licenses for a list of licenses you can choose from.
CeraView® User Guide
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In the Filter by Type field, click the drop-down list and choose the license type (Capacity, ACM, Networking). For License Code, click the drop-down list and choose the license specifications. For Quantity to Assign, enter the amount of licenses you want to assign to that customer. The maximum quantity is limited to the available quantity for the license you choose. After you complete the filter options, click Add to add the licenses to the Assigned Licenses list. You can repeat this procedure more than once to add other license types. For Quantity to Return, enter the amount of unused licenses you would like to return (if relevant). Click Save to save the license assigment information in the database. In the page that appears, click Confirm to confirm the assignment. A page will appear informing you that the operation was successful, and the main license list will be updated with the information.
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Settings In the main web page, the Settings group includes items you can select for system information and configuration.
Managing Users Select the Manage Users item to define users and modify their properties. You can also access this item by clicking the Settings tab at the top of the page (if it appears).
Use the Search button at the top To define a new user, click New
CeraView® User Guide
to locate a particular user. .
The following page appears:
Ceragon Training Handbook - Page 267
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In this page, enter the information in the fields, and then click Save. To delete one or more users, in the user list, mark the checkboxes beside the users you want to delete, and click Delete
. Confirm your choice(s) in the page that appears and the users will be deleted.
Modifying your Profile In the main Settings page, select the My Profile item to modify your personal information. The same page appears as that for a new user. Modify the information as desired and click Save.
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Generating Reports In the main web page, you can select a report to generate: an Orders report, or a Devices and Activations report. To generate a report, select Orders Report or Devices & Activations Report in the main web page, or click the Reports tab at the top of the page (if it appears).
For an Orders Report: For Order No., you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of order numbers you want to include in the report. For Order Date, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, you will need to specify the range of dates you want to include in the report. In the Include field, you can select All for all types of orders, Closed orders only, or Open orders only. When you are done selecting the report criteria, click Create Report.
CeraView® User Guide
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For a Devices & Activations Report: For Devices, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of device IDs you want to include in the report. For Activation Date, you can select All or Between. If you select Between, specify the range of activation dates you want to include in the report. When you are done selecting the report criteria, click Create Report.
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