Center for Sustainable and Portable Electrical Power (CSPEP) University of Toledo Principal Investigator: Krishna Shenai; TEL: (419) 530‐8196; EMAIL:
[email protected] Co‐PI’s: A‐M Azad, A. Compaan, D‐S Kim, C. Schall, T. Stuart and S. Varanasi
1. Abstract The Center for Sustainable and Portable Electrical Power (CSPEP) proposes to conduct basic research on core materials, devices and systems technologies critical for the development of next generation of sustainable and mobile electrical power systems fueled from biomass and solar energy. Figure 1 illustrates the schematic of the proposed smart efficient electrical power system.
Figure 1 A schematic illustration of smart, clean, and portable electrical power system. There is a critical need to develop sustainable and mobile electrical power for a wide range of commercial, military and space applications that is efficient, reliable and economically viable. The CSPEP proposes to demonstrate fundamental advances in cellulosic biomass conversion into efficient load‐regulated electrical power by integrating advanced thin film solar photovoltaics and fuel‐cell technologies, high‐temperature power electronics, and smart energy storage and management concepts synergistic with DOE’s critical missions ‐ Energy Sources, Energy Efficiency and Environment. Biomass Conversion: Three UT researchers (Varanasi, Schall, and Anderson) are pioneering a novel cellulosic biomass conversion technique to produce sugars, and subsequent conversion of produced sugars into ethanol using a novel fermentation process. This unique patented process results in high ethanol production efficiency from a variety of biomass resources that include corn stalks, soybean and canola oil, animal fats, praire grasses, hardwoods, and even algae. The process will be optimized and biomass conversion efficiency improved by integrating advanced solar photovoltaics to enhance the production of ethanol gas subsequently used as a feeder for the fuel cell converter. Fuel Cell Converter: Two UT researchers (D‐S Kim and A‐M Azad) are pioneering an energy‐efficient integrated process in which separation and conversion of bioethanol to hydrogen is performed in one module without a distillation process. The hydrogen produced is then directly fed into a fuel cell to 1
produce electricity with an energy gain in excess of 30% compared to the existing biofuel combustion systems. Electrical Power Conversion and Management: Two UT researchers (Shenai and Stuart) are pioneering breakthrough advances in high‐frequency high‐temperature electronics capable of delivering more efficient and reliable load‐regulated electrical power under harsh environmental conditions based on advanced solid‐state power switching and control, cooling, thermal management and system integration concepts. More than two‐fold increase in power density with improved field‐ reliability can be achieved using defect‐free silicon carbide (SiC) ‐based power switching electronics, low‐loss high‐density magnetics, high‐temperature capacitors, SOI control electronics, liquid cooling, and advanced packaging concepts. Smart grid connection, efficient energy storage, and energy management will be accomplished by infusing novel wireless control electronics, battery management, and intelligent information management concepts. 2. Research Team’s Competitive Position The University of Toledo (UT) has been performing world‐class sponsored research in solar photovoltaics (Wright Center on PVIC, DOE, DOD), biofuels (Third Frontier AEP, DOE, USDA, NSF), hydrogen production from bioethanol and fuel cells (Wright Capital Project, DOE, NASA Glenn, US ARMY, EMTEC/DOE, NSF/STTR), and electrical power conversion and management (Wright Center on PVIC, Wright Capital Project, DOE, DOD, EPRI, NSF, NASA). Several UT researchers are world‐ renowned especially in the areas of thin film solar photovoltaics (Compaan), cellulosic biomass conversion (Varanasi and Schall), hydrogen production from bioethanol (D‐S Kim and A‐M Azad), desulfurization and fuel conversion (A‐M Azad, Lipscomb, and Coleman), hybrid vehicles (Stuart and Abraham), and electrical power conversion and management (Shenai and Stuart). The total research funding in this area at UT has exceeded $25M in the past decade. The UT researchers have major on‐ going collaborations in these fields with researchers from Ohio State University, Youngstown State University, and Case Western Reserve University. Several UT researchers have well‐established relationships with US DOE labs (NREL – Stuart, Compaan and Varanasi; ORNL – Shenai and Schall; PNL – Shenai; Sandia National Lab ‐ Shenai), NASA (NASA Glenn – A‐M Azad, Shenai, Stuart), and US DOD labs (WPAT – Shenai and Stuart; ARL ‐ Shenai). UT has a newly established Center for Renewable Energy and Energy is one of the seven thematic focus areas of research and education. Dr. Krishna Shenai, the PI for the project, is Professor and Chair of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department at UT and is an internationally renowned authority on electrical power conversion and management. Dr. Shenai has 25+ years of combined industrial and academic experience in the field with a proven track record of successful international collaboration and project management. 3. Actual and Potential Partners The CSPEP will be housed within the UT College of Engineering. It will have the collaboration and participation of the following organizations: Ohio Institutions of Higher Education: OARDC ‐ Ohio State University (PI: S. Slack), Youngstown State University (PI: M Abraham), and Case Western Reserve University; Government Labs: Wright Center on PVIC, EWI, EMTEC, RGP, NREL, ORNL, PNL, LANL, ANL, Sandia National Lab, NASA Glenn, WPAT, and ARL); and Ohio Industry: First Energy, American Electric Power, Emerson Electric, Rolls‐Royce, Boeing, Rockwell Automation, Crown Battery, Whirlpool, Diamler‐Chrysler, First Solar, Xunlight Corporation, The Andersons Inc., … 2