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ACHIEVING COMPETENCE IN PREPARING/INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING
This is the first of the modular series produced by the Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial School of Arts and Trades – Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Region IV-A
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 1 of 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content
Page Number
LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 3
II.
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE ............................................................................... 4
III.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 5
IV.
INFORMATION SHEET 1: ALPHABET OF LINES............................................. 6
na
n
I.
INFORMATION SHEET 2: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
da
A. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ................................................................ 9 B. STEPS IN SELECTING CORRECT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ...................... 9 C. PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF AN OBJECT .............................................. 10
V.
an
D. STEPS IN PROJECTING THE THREE MAIN VIEWS OF AN OBJECT .... 11 SELF CHECK 1 .................................................................................................. 8
VI.
al
SELF-CHECK 2 ................................................................................................ 13 ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1: SKETCHING THREE MAIN VIEWS OF
fs
AN OBJECT ..................................................................................................... 14 ANSWER KEYS ......................................................................................... 16-17
VIII.
RECORD OF COMPETENCE .......................................................................... 18
gl e
nn
VII.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 2 of 18
LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW
da
na
n
In the broad field of technical drawings, various projection methods are used to represent objects. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The normal technical drawing is shown in orthogonal projection, in which more than one view is used to draw and completely define an object. However, to be able to represent the different views of an object one must be acquainted with the different forms of lines. The various lines used in drawing form the alphabet of the drafting language. In this learning material, the students should be able to apply the alphabet of lines in projecting the principal views of an object. Competencies will be demonstrated by completing the job sheet and the unit test with a minimum score of 75 percent.
When you have successfully completed the learning activities in this material, you will be able to: 1. Identify the different alphabet of lines; 2. Steps in selecting correct views of an object; 3. Identify the dimensions of an object; and 4. Project the three main views of an object.
CONTENTS
This learning material includes the following: 1. Alphabet of lines 2. Orthographic Projection 3. Steps in Selecting Correct Views of an Object 4. Principal Dimensions of an Object 5. Steps in Projecting the Three Main Views
nn
fs
al
an
OBJECTIVES
gl e
PRE-REQUISITES
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
The completion of this learning material requires you to have a basic understanding of:
If you are unfamiliar with any of the above concepts, work on________ before working on this learning guide.
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 3 of 18
HOW TO USE THIS LEARNING GUIDE This Learning Guide will lead you through a series of activities which will require you to work at your own pace. These activities will ask you to complete associated learning and practice activities in order to gain the knowledge and skills you need to achieve the learning objectives stated earlier.
na
n
Refer to Learning Activity Page to know the sequence of learning tasks to undergo and the appropriate resources to use in each task. This page will serve as your road map towards the achievement of objectives. Read the information sheets. This will give you an understanding of the work, and why things are done the way they are.
an
da
Complete the activities as directed in the activity/practice sheets. These will test your knowledge and give you practice of doing the tasks involved. Performance criteria for assessing practical exercise are shown to guide you in undertaking the practical exercises. Always be aware of safety requirements highlighted in this material. Ask for clearance in using some tools and equipment. Should you require some assistance and clarification, consult your trainer or facilitator. They should be available anytime you need them.
al
Answer self-checks found in each section of the learning guide. Do not write anything on this learning guide; provide separate sheets for your answers. Self-checks will let you know how you are going. To know how you fared with self checks, review the answer keys found at the end of the learning guide.
fs
When you had completed all the tasks required in this learning guide, an assessment exercise will be given to evaluate if you are already competent with the specified learning outcomes in and ready for the next task. .If you feel ready for the assessment, consult the facilitator.
nn
A record of competency is provided on the last page to reflect how much of the required assessment criteria have been met.
gl e
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this learner’s guide. Talk to your trainer about having them formally recognized. If you have qualification or certificate of competence from previous training, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL). If you are not sure about the accuracy of your skills, discuss it with your trainer.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 4 of 18
LEARNING ACTIVITIES In order to accomplish the objectives stated in this leaning guide, you must perform the learning steps below. Beside each step are the resources or special instructions you will use to accomplish the corresponding activity.
Student will ask the instructor of the
1.
materials to be used
Instructor will provide the learning
materials in Interpreting Technical
na
1.
n
RESOURCES/SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
LEARNING STEPS
Drawing
Read: Information Sheet No. 1
2.
Information Sheet No 1: Alphabet of
da
2.
Lines
Answer: Self Check 1
4.
Read: Information Sheet No. 2
Self Check No. 1: Alphabet of Lines
4.
Information Sheet No. 2:
al
Answer: Self Check 2
5.
Perform: Activity Sheet No. 1
Orthographic Projection
Self Check 2: Orthographic Projection
6.
Activity Sheet No. 1: Sketching three Main Views of an Object
gl e
6.
nn
fs
5.
3.
an
3.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 5 of 18
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 1
ALPHABET OF LINES I. Basic Types of Lines and their Uses
na
n
a. Visible lines – Used to show visible edges or contours of an object (NOTE: Visible lines are sometimes called object lines.)
c. Center lines – Used to show the centers of holes, round shapes, or the travel of a center (path or motion)
an
d. Section lines – Used to show a surface that has been cut in a section view
da
b. Hidden lines – Used to show surfaces or features on an object that are not visible
al
e. Extension lines – Used for placing dimensions; these extend (but do not touch) from the lengths and widths of objects
nn
fs
f. Dimension lines – Used to show the size (dimensions) of an object; spans from one extension line to the next, has arrowhead at both ends, and is broken in the middle fro the measurement number (dimension)
gl e
g. Leader lines – Used to direct descriptive information, notes, or special dimensions to features on the drawing h. Cutting-plane lines – Used to show where a section has been taken; arrows on the end show the direction in which the section was taken
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 6 of 18
i. Break lines – Used to show that part of the object has been removed or broken away 1. Short breaks are for freehand, jagged lines 2. Long breaks are solid with a Z symbol inserted in several places
na da
gl e
nn
fs
al
an
k. Border lines – Used to define the outer edges or margins on the drafting media; the drawing and all other information is inside this border.
n
j. Phantom lines – Used to show the position of an object that moves (rotated position)
Figure 1. Application of alphabet of lines.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 7 of 18
SELF- CHECK NO. 1 Check your mastery in Alphabet of lines by completing the tasks below.
1. Identify the alphabet of lines by writing your answer on the space provided.
1. ______________ B
n
A
B
da
A
na
2. ______________
al
an
A
A
3. ______________
4. ______________
nn
fs
B
B
2. Sketch circles with a diameter of:
gl e
a. 25mm
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
b. 50mm
c. 30mm
5. ______________
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 8 of 18
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 2 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION A. Orthographic Projection
n
An orthographic projection is a representation of separate views of an object on a twodimensional surface. It reveals the width, depth and height of the object.
na
Ortho means “straight or at right angle” and graphic means “written or drawn”. Projection comes from two Latin words: “pro,” meaning “forward,” and “jacere,” meaning “to throw.”
al
an
da
The projection is achieved by viewing the object from a point assumed to be at infinity (an indefinitely great distance away). The line of sight or projectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection.
fs
Figure 1. Visualizing one view of an orthographic projection
B. Steps in Selecting Correct Views of an Object
gl e
nn
1. Select the number of views necessary to represent the object. This may require only one view or as many as all six views. Only draw as many views as are necessary. 2. Select the front view which: a. Best describes contour shape. b. Contains the least number of hidden lines. c. Is usually the longest view. d. Shows object in normal position.
Figure 2. Objects with very little thickness require only one view
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 9 of 18
n na
Figure 3. Two-view drawing
Select alternate position for right side view if drawing area is crowded.
fs
al
an
da
3.
Figure 4. Normal location
Select view positions to avoid crowding of dimensions and notes.
nn
4.
Figure 5. Alternate location
gl e
C. Principal Dimensions of an Object
Figure 6. Principal dimensions of an object
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 10 of 18
Width. This is a perpendicular distance between two profile planes. Height. This the perpendicular distance between two horizontal planes Depth. This is the perpendicular distance between two frontal planes.
D. Steps in Projecting the Three Main Views of an Object
2. Determine the number of views
n
1. Study the given object
al
an
da
na
3. Locate the views
5. Lay off the principal measurements
gl e
nn
fs
4. Block in the views with light, thin lines
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 11 of 18
8. Draw the circles and arcs 6. Draw the principal lines
9. Draw any additional lines needed to
7. Lay off the measurements for the details
da
na
n
complete the views
an
( center for arcs, circles, and triangular
al
ribs)
10. Darken the lines where necessary to
fs
make them sharp and black and of the
gl e
nn
proper thickness
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 12 of 18
SELF- CHECK NO. 2 Check your mastery in orthographic projection by completing the tasks below. I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write only the letter that corresponds to your answer.
n
1. Method of representing separate views of an object on a two-dimensional surface a. orthographic projection b. orthographic drawing c. isometric drawing d. perspective Found below top view which show s the shape, width and depth of the object. a. top view b. front view c. bottom view d. rear view
3.
Found at the back of the front view. a. rear view b. side view
The perpendicular distance between two profile plane a. length b. width c. depth
d. none of the above
da
5.
c. frontal plane
The perpendicular distance between two horizontal plane a. height b. depth c. width
an
4.
na
2.
d. height
d. length
The word orthographic comes from the two Greek words ortho and graphos meaning a. forward b. straight/at right angle c. to write/to draw d. both b & c
7.
The perpendicular distance between two frontal plane a. width b. length c. depth
d. height
gl e
nn
fs
al
6.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 13 of 18
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1 Sketching Three Main Views of an Object A. Objectives:
After completing the activity you should be able to:
n
1. Identify the three main views of the given object; and,
na
2. Draw the necessary orthographic views of the given object to show its exact shape.
B. Materials:
da
A4 size drawing paper Eraser
Drawing pencil T-square Triangles (30ºx60º, 45ºx45º) Erasing shield
al
D. Procedure:
an
C. Tools:
Study the example below and then complete the
Example:
fs
assigned problem.
gl e
nn
1. Sketch the horizontal lines to locate the height of the object. (NOTE: The distance at the top and bottom of the paper should be the same. The distance between the top and front views can be the same as the top and bottom or slightly less than that space.) 2. Sketch the vertical lines to locate the width and depth of the object. (NOTE: The distance at the left side and the right side of the paper should be the same. The distance between the views can be the same as that on the left side and right side or slightly less than that space. In the top and side) 3. Block in details using diagonals to locate centers, if necessary, and lightly construct the circles and arcs. 4. Add line features to the views of the object.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 14 of 18
5. Use eraser to lighten construction lines and darken in visible lines
Problem: Layouts for Orthographic drawing problem will be explained by the instructor. Sketch the
gl e
nn
fs
al
an
da
na
on an A4 size drawing sheet. Do not erase light construction lines.
n
three main views of the given isometric drawing below using the grid provided for measurement.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 15 of 18
ANSWER KEY NO. 1 Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect. 1. Center line 2. Hidden line
n
3. Cutting-plane line 4. Object line
gl e
nn
fs
al
an
da
na
5. Section line
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 16 of 18
ANSWER KEY NO. 2
5. A
2. C
6. 7
na
1. A
n
Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
7. C
3. A
gl e
nn
fs
al
an
da
4. B
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 17 of 18
RECORD OF COMPETENCE Below are your assessment ratings:
Dimensions of the key features of the objects depicted in the drawing correctly identified
3.
Symbols used in the drawing identified and interpreted correctly
4.
Drawing checked and validated against job requirements or equipment in accordance with standard operating procedures
n
2.
na
Components, assemblies or objects recognized as required
NO
gl e
nn
fs
al
an
1.
YES
da
ASSESSMENT /PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 18 of 18
INTERPRETING TECHNICAL DRAWING
This is the first of the modular series produced by the Jacobo Z. Gonzales Memorial School of Arts and Trades – Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Region IV-A
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 1 of 18
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content
Page Number
LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 3
II.
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE ............................................................................... 4
III.
LEARNING ACTIVITIES ..................................................................................... 5
IV.
INFORMATION SHEET 1: ALPHABET OF LINES............................................. 6
na
n
I.
INFORMATION SHEET 2: ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
da
A. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ................................................................ 9 B. STEPS IN SELECTING CORRECT VIEWS OF AN OBJECT ...................... 9 C. PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF AN OBJECT .............................................. 10
V.
an
D. STEPS IN PROJECTING THE THREE MAIN VIEWS OF AN OBJECT .... 11 SELF CHECK 1 .................................................................................................. 8
VI.
al
SELF-CHECK 2 ................................................................................................ 13 ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1: SKETCHING THREE MAIN VIEWS OF
fs
AN OBJECT ..................................................................................................... 14 ANSWER KEYS ......................................................................................... 16-17
VIII.
RECORD OF COMPETENCE .......................................................................... 18
gl e
nn
VII.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 2 of 18
LEARNING GUIDE OVERVIEW
da
na
n
In the broad field of technical drawings, various projection methods are used to represent objects. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The normal technical drawing is shown in orthogonal projection, in which more than one view is used to draw and completely define an object. However, to be able to represent the different views of an object one must be acquainted with the different forms of lines. The various lines used in drawing form the alphabet of the drafting language. In this learning material, the students should be able to apply the alphabet of lines in projecting the principal views of an object. Competencies will be demonstrated by completing the job sheet and the unit test with a minimum score of 75 percent.
When you have successfully completed the learning activities in this material, you will be able to: 1. Identify the different alphabet of lines; 2. Steps in selecting correct views of an object; 3. Identify the dimensions of an object; and 4. Project the three main views of an object.
CONTENTS
This learning material includes the following: 1. Alphabet of lines 2. Orthographic Projection 3. Steps in Selecting Correct Views of an Object 4. Principal Dimensions of an Object 5. Steps in Projecting the Three Main Views
nn
fs
al
an
OBJECTIVES
gl e
PRE-REQUISITES
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
The completion of this learning material requires you to have a basic understanding of:
If you are unfamiliar with any of the above concepts, work on________ before working on this learning guide.
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 3 of 18
HOW TO USE THIS LEARNING GUIDE This Learning Guide will lead you through a series of activities which will require you to work at your own pace. These activities will ask you to complete associated learning and practice activities in order to gain the knowledge and skills you need to achieve the learning objectives stated earlier.
na
n
Refer to Learning Activity Page to know the sequence of learning tasks to undergo and the appropriate resources to use in each task. This page will serve as your road map towards the achievement of objectives. Read the information sheets. This will give you an understanding of the work, and why things are done the way they are.
an
da
Complete the activities as directed in the activity/practice sheets. These will test your knowledge and give you practice of doing the tasks involved. Performance criteria for assessing practical exercise are shown to guide you in undertaking the practical exercises. Always be aware of safety requirements highlighted in this material. Ask for clearance in using some tools and equipment. Should you require some assistance and clarification, consult your trainer or facilitator. They should be available anytime you need them.
al
Answer self-checks found in each section of the learning guide. Do not write anything on this learning guide; provide separate sheets for your answers. Self-checks will let you know how you are going. To know how you fared with self checks, review the answer keys found at the end of the learning guide.
fs
When you had completed all the tasks required in this learning guide, an assessment exercise will be given to evaluate if you are already competent with the specified learning outcomes in and ready for the next task. .If you feel ready for the assessment, consult the facilitator.
nn
A record of competency is provided on the last page to reflect how much of the required assessment criteria have been met.
gl e
You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in this learner’s guide. Talk to your trainer about having them formally recognized. If you have qualification or certificate of competence from previous training, show it to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present for Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL). If you are not sure about the accuracy of your skills, discuss it with your trainer.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 4 of 18
LEARNING ACTIVITIES In order to accomplish the objectives stated in this leaning guide, you must perform the learning steps below. Beside each step are the resources or special instructions you will use to accomplish the corresponding activity.
Student will ask the instructor of the
1.
materials to be used
Instructor will provide the learning
materials in Interpreting Technical
na
1.
n
RESOURCES/SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
LEARNING STEPS
Drawing
Read: Information Sheet No. 1
2.
Information Sheet No 1: Alphabet of
da
2.
Lines
Answer: Self Check 1
4.
Read: Information Sheet No. 2
Self Check No. 1: Alphabet of Lines
4.
Information Sheet No. 2:
al
Answer: Self Check 2
5.
Perform: Activity Sheet No. 1
Orthographic Projection
Self Check 2: Orthographic Projection
6.
Activity Sheet No. 1: Sketching three Main Views of an Object
gl e
6.
nn
fs
5.
3.
an
3.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 5 of 18
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 1
ALPHABET OF LINES I. Basic Types of Lines and their Uses
na
n
a. Visible lines – Used to show visible edges or contours of an object (NOTE: Visible lines are sometimes called object lines.)
c. Center lines – Used to show the centers of holes, round shapes, or the travel of a center (path or motion)
an
d. Section lines – Used to show a surface that has been cut in a section view
da
b. Hidden lines – Used to show surfaces or features on an object that are not visible
al
e. Extension lines – Used for placing dimensions; these extend (but do not touch) from the lengths and widths of objects
nn
fs
f. Dimension lines – Used to show the size (dimensions) of an object; spans from one extension line to the next, has arrowhead at both ends, and is broken in the middle fro the measurement number (dimension)
gl e
g. Leader lines – Used to direct descriptive information, notes, or special dimensions to features on the drawing h. Cutting-plane lines – Used to show where a section has been taken; arrows on the end show the direction in which the section was taken
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 6 of 18
i. Break lines – Used to show that part of the object has been removed or broken away 1. Short breaks are for freehand, jagged lines 2. Long breaks are solid with a Z symbol inserted in several places
na da
gl e
nn
fs
al
an
k. Border lines – Used to define the outer edges or margins on the drafting media; the drawing and all other information is inside this border.
n
j. Phantom lines – Used to show the position of an object that moves (rotated position)
Figure 1. Application of alphabet of lines.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 7 of 18
SELF- CHECK NO. 1 Check your mastery in Alphabet of lines by completing the tasks below.
1. Identify the alphabet of lines by writing your answer on the space provided.
1. ______________ B
n
A
B
da
A
na
2. ______________
al
an
A
A
3. ______________
4. ______________
nn
fs
B
B
2. Sketch circles with a diameter of:
gl e
a. 25mm
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
b. 50mm
c. 30mm
5. ______________
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 8 of 18
INFORMATION SHEET NO: 2 ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION A. Orthographic Projection
n
An orthographic projection is a representation of separate views of an object on a twodimensional surface. It reveals the width, depth and height of the object.
na
Ortho means “straight or at right angle” and graphic means “written or drawn”. Projection comes from two Latin words: “pro,” meaning “forward,” and “jacere,” meaning “to throw.”
al
an
da
The projection is achieved by viewing the object from a point assumed to be at infinity (an indefinitely great distance away). The line of sight or projectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection.
fs
Figure 1. Visualizing one view of an orthographic projection
B. Steps in Selecting Correct Views of an Object
gl e
nn
1. Select the number of views necessary to represent the object. This may require only one view or as many as all six views. Only draw as many views as are necessary. 2. Select the front view which: a. Best describes contour shape. b. Contains the least number of hidden lines. c. Is usually the longest view. d. Shows object in normal position.
Figure 2. Objects with very little thickness require only one view
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 9 of 18
n na
Figure 3. Two-view drawing
Select alternate position for right side view if drawing area is crowded.
fs
al
an
da
3.
Figure 4. Normal location
Select view positions to avoid crowding of dimensions and notes.
nn
4.
Figure 5. Alternate location
gl e
C. Principal Dimensions of an Object
Figure 6. Principal dimensions of an object
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 10 of 18
Width. This is a perpendicular distance between two profile planes. Height. This the perpendicular distance between two horizontal planes Depth. This is the perpendicular distance between two frontal planes.
D. Steps in Projecting the Three Main Views of an Object
2. Determine the number of views
n
1. Study the given object
al
an
da
na
3. Locate the views
5. Lay off the principal measurements
gl e
nn
fs
4. Block in the views with light, thin lines
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 11 of 18
8. Draw the circles and arcs 6. Draw the principal lines
9. Draw any additional lines needed to
7. Lay off the measurements for the details
da
na
n
complete the views
an
( center for arcs, circles, and triangular
al
ribs)
10. Darken the lines where necessary to
fs
make them sharp and black and of the
gl e
nn
proper thickness
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 12 of 18
SELF- CHECK NO. 2 Check your mastery in orthographic projection by completing the tasks below. I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write only the letter that corresponds to your answer.
n
1. Method of representing separate views of an object on a two-dimensional surface a. orthographic projection b. orthographic drawing c. isometric drawing d. perspective Found below top view which show s the shape, width and depth of the object. a. top view b. front view c. bottom view d. rear view
3.
Found at the back of the front view. a. rear view b. side view
The perpendicular distance between two profile plane a. length b. width c. depth
d. none of the above
da
5.
c. frontal plane
The perpendicular distance between two horizontal plane a. height b. depth c. width
an
4.
na
2.
d. height
d. length
The word orthographic comes from the two Greek words ortho and graphos meaning a. forward b. straight/at right angle c. to write/to draw d. both b & c
7.
The perpendicular distance between two frontal plane a. width b. length c. depth
d. height
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6.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 13 of 18
ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 1 Sketching Three Main Views of an Object A. Objectives:
After completing the activity you should be able to:
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1. Identify the three main views of the given object; and,
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2. Draw the necessary orthographic views of the given object to show its exact shape.
B. Materials:
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A4 size drawing paper Eraser
Drawing pencil T-square Triangles (30ºx60º, 45ºx45º) Erasing shield
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D. Procedure:
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C. Tools:
Study the example below and then complete the
Example:
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assigned problem.
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1. Sketch the horizontal lines to locate the height of the object. (NOTE: The distance at the top and bottom of the paper should be the same. The distance between the top and front views can be the same as the top and bottom or slightly less than that space.) 2. Sketch the vertical lines to locate the width and depth of the object. (NOTE: The distance at the left side and the right side of the paper should be the same. The distance between the views can be the same as that on the left side and right side or slightly less than that space. In the top and side) 3. Block in details using diagonals to locate centers, if necessary, and lightly construct the circles and arcs. 4. Add line features to the views of the object.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 14 of 18
5. Use eraser to lighten construction lines and darken in visible lines
Problem: Layouts for Orthographic drawing problem will be explained by the instructor. Sketch the
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on an A4 size drawing sheet. Do not erase light construction lines.
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three main views of the given isometric drawing below using the grid provided for measurement.
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 15 of 18
ANSWER KEY NO. 1 Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect. 1. Center line 2. Hidden line
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3. Cutting-plane line 4. Object line
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5. Section line
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 16 of 18
ANSWER KEY NO. 2
5. A
2. C
6. 7
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1. A
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Check your answer with the answer key below. If you fail to get it right, refer back to corresponding resources until you make it perfect.
7. C
3. A
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4. B
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 17 of 18
RECORD OF COMPETENCE Below are your assessment ratings:
Dimensions of the key features of the objects depicted in the drawing correctly identified
3.
Symbols used in the drawing identified and interpreted correctly
4.
Drawing checked and validated against job requirements or equipment in accordance with standard operating procedures
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2.
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Components, assemblies or objects recognized as required
NO
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1.
YES
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ASSESSMENT /PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
JZGMSAT TESDA IV
Prepare/Interpret Technical Drawing
Version No.: 2 Date: August 10, 2009 By: Glenn F. Salandanan Page 18 of 18
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