Cat English Test No 13
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English Test 13 Directions for Questions from 1 to 5: The passage given below is followed by a set of five questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. Voltaire, like many others before and after him, was awed by the order and the beauty of the universe, which he thought pointed to a supreme designer, just as a watch points to a watchmaker. In 1779, a year after Voltaire died, that idea was attacked by David Hume, a cheerful Scottish historian and philosopher, whose way of undermining religion was as arresting for its strategy as it was for its detail. Hume couldn’t have been more different from today’s militant atheists. In his “Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,” which was published posthumously, and reports imaginary discussions among three men, Hume prized apart the supposed analogy between the natural world and a designed artifact. Even if the analogy were apt, he pointed out, the most one could infer from it would be a superior craftsman, not an omnipotent and perfect deity. And, he argued, if it is necessary to ask who made the world it must also be necessary to ask who, or what, made that maker. In other words, God is merely the answer that you get if you do not ask enough questions. From the accounts of his friends, his letters, and some posthumous essays, it is clear that Hume had no trace of religion, did not believe in an afterlife, and was particularly disdainful of Christianity. He had a horror of zealotry. Yet his many writings on religion have a genial and even superficially pious tone. He wanted to convince his religious readers, and recognized that only gentle and reassuring persuasion would work. In a telling passage in the “Dialogues,” Hume has one of his characters remark that a person who openly proclaimed atheism, being guilty of “indiscretion and imprudence,” would not be very formidable. Hume sprinkled his gunpowder through the pages of the “Dialogues” and left the book primed so that its arguments would, with luck, ignite in his readers’ own minds. And he always offered a way out. In “The Natural History of Religion,” he undermined the idea that there are moral reasons to be religious, but made it sound as if it were still all right to believe in proofs of God’s existence. In an essay about miracles, he undermined the idea that it is ever rational to accept an apparent revelation from God, but made it sound as if it were still all right to have faith. And in the “Dialogues” he undermined proofs of God’s existence, but made it sound as if it were all right to believe on the basis of revelation. As the Cambridge philosopher Edward Craig has put it, Hume never tried to topple all the supporting pillars of religion at once. In Paris, meanwhile, a number of thinkers began to profess atheism openly. They were the first influential group to do so, and included Denis Diderot, the co-editor of the Enlightenment’s great Encyclopédie, and Baron D’Holbach, who hosted a salon of freethinkers. Hume visited them, and made several friends there; they presented him with a large gold medal. But the philosophers were too dogmatic for Hume’s taste. To Hume’s like-minded friend the historian Edward Gibbon, they suffered from “intolerant zeal.” Still, they represented a historical vanguard: explicit attacks on religion as a whole poured forth within the next hundred years. Since all the arguments against belief have been widely publicized for a long time, today’s militant atheists must sometimes wonder why religion persists. Hitchens says that it is born of fear and probably ineradicable. Harris holds that there are genuine spiritual experiences; having kicked sand in the faces of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, he dives headlong into the surf of Eastern spirituality, encouraging readers to try Buddhist techniques of meditation instead of dangerous creeds. Dawkins devotes a chapter, and Dennett most of his book, to evolutionary accounts of how religion may have arisen and how its ideas spread. It’s thin stuff, and Dennett stresses that these are early days for a biological account of religion. It may, however, be too late for one. If a propensity toward religious belief is “hard-wired” in the brain, as it is sometimes said to be, the wiring has evidently become frayed. This is especially true in rich countries, nearly all of which—Ireland and America are exceptions—have relatively high rates of unbelief. After making allowances for countries that have, or recently have had, an officially imposed atheist ideology, in which there might be some social pressure to deny belief in God, one can venture conservative estimates of the number of unbelievers in the world today. Reviewing a large number of studies among some fifty countries, Phil Zuckerman, a sociologist at Pitzer College, in Claremont, California, puts the figure at between five hundred million and seven hundred and fifty million. This excludes such highly populated places as Brazil, Iran, Indonesia, and Nigeria, for which information is lacking or patchy. Even the low estimate of five hundred million would make unbelief the fourth-largest persuasion in the world, after Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. It is also by far the youngest, with no significant presence in the West before the eighteenth century. Who can say what the landscape will look like once unbelief has enjoyed a past as long as Islam’s—let alone as long as Christianity’s? God is assuredly not on the side of the unbelievers, but history may yet be.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the difference between Voltaire and Hume?
j Voltaire was in awe of the cosmos whereas Hume was unmoved. k l m n j Voltaire was daunted by nature while Hume was the mundane historian k l m n j Voltaire was a deist and Hume a zealot k l m n j Hume disputed Voltaire’s notion of the transcendental originator. k l m n j Hume affirmed religious theories in a veiled manner unlike Voltaire. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
2. Why, according to the passage, does Hume adopt a veneer of complaisance in his writings?
j Because Hume prized apart the analogy of the supreme craftsman. k l m n j Because Hume questioned the existence of the perfect deity. k l m n www.complore.com/test4PDF.php?id=39 j Because he was facile in his dissuasion k l m n
Page 1 / 3
j Because Hume prized apart the analogy of the supreme craftsman. k l m n j Because Hume questioned the existence of the perfect deity. k l m n j Because he was facile in his dissuasion k l m n j Because he was disdainful of Christianity. k l m n j Because he did not believe in an afterlife k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
3. According to the third paragraph, Hume’s recurring strategy pointed to his main objective, which was to:
j Sprinkle enough anti Christ ammunition in the public. k l m n j Instigate readers to rebel against their faith. k l m n j Kindle the minds of the readers against miracles k l m n j Implant moral reasons to believe in God. k l m n j Innervate and invoke mistrust towards one’s faith. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
4. What, according to the author, could be the reason for Hume’s rejection of the intellectuals?
j That they professed atheism under the garb of knowledge k l m n j That they were fearful of intolerance. k l m n j That they represented a radical religious sect. k l m n j That the authoritarian liberals were fractious k l m n j That they were inciting freethinking k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
5. What, according to the passage, is not a reason for the spread of unbelief?
j The ‘wiring’ has since become frayed. k l m n j There is an officially imposed ideology. k l m n j The rich countries are turning atheist. k l m n j There are genuine spiritual experiences k l m n j People are possibly getting biologically turned off. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 6 to 7: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
6. Teaching creationism in American public schools has been outlawed since 1987 when the Supreme Court ruled that the inclusion of religious material in science classes was unconstitutional. In recent years, however, opponents of the theory of evolution - first developed by Charles Darwin, have regrouped, challenging science education with the doctrine of “intelligent design”, which has been carefully stripped of all references to God and religion. Unlike traditional creationism, which claims that God created the earth in six days, proponents of intelligent design say the workings of this planet are too complex to be ascribed to evolution. There must have been a designer working to a plan - that is, a creator. _____________________
j However, these kinds of teachings are unacceptable to the American public. k l m n j However, there are many schools that are in favour of teaching traditional creationism to the students. k l m n j However, such beliefs are not substantial enough to convince the American courts to allow teaching the subject in its schools. k l m n j However, the American government believes that the students must have the knowledge of traditional creationism, as well as, intelligent k l m n design. j However, some believe that parents should decide what subjects should be taught to their children. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
7. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It endeavours to answer the question—what is language and how it is represented in the mind? Linguists focus on describing and explaining language and are not concerned with the prescriptive rules of the language (i.e. do not split infinitives). Linguists are not required to know many languages and linguists are not interpreters. The underlying goal of the linguist is to try to discover the universals concerning language. That is, what are the common elements of all languages. _____________________
j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe all languages and also predict what specific rules k l m n can occur in a language. j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe all languages and also predict what specific rules k l m n cannot occur in a language. j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework. k l m n j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe particular languages and track changes from time k l m n to time.
www.complore.com/test4PDF.php?id=39 j Knowing the common elements in these languages makes interpreting a particular language relatively easy. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
Page 2 / 3
j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe particular languages and track changes from time k l m n to time. j Knowing the common elements in these languages makes interpreting a particular language relatively easy. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 8 to 10: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.
8. A. It tells the story of the campaign to repeal the estate tax (what we would call inheritance tax) in the United States, which culminated in the inclusion of the measure in George Bush’s massive taxcutting legislation of 2001. B. Politics of another country’s tax system is unlikely to be of much interest to anyone with any sort of normal life. C. Listening to the ins and outs of other people’s fiscal battles can be like listening to other people’s dreams: interminable and almost completely unreal. D. Death by a Thousand Cuts is something different.
j BADC k l m n j BCDA k l m n j CBAD k l m n j CABD k l m n j BACD k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
9. A. Lottery officials suspected a scam until they traced the sequence to a fortune printed with the digits “22-28-32-33-39-40” and Donald Lau’s prediction: “All the preparation you’ve done will finally be paying off.” B. As a vice-president at Wonton Food, Inc., in Long Island City, Donald Lau manages the company’s accounts payable and receivable, negotiates with insurers, and, somewhat incidentally, composes the fortunes that go inside the fortune cookies, of which Wonton is the world’s largest manufacturer. C. Each day, Wonton’s factory churns out four million Golden Bowl-brand cookies, which are sold to several hundred vendors, who, in turn, sell them to most of the forty thousand Chinese restaurants across the country. D. Wonton’s primacy in the industry and, for that matter, in the gambler’s imagination is such that when, in March, five of six lucky numbers printed on a fortune happened to coincide with the winning picks for the Power ball lottery, a hundred and ten people, instead of the usual handful,came forward to claim prizes of around a hundred thousand dollars.
j CBAD k l m n j CBDA k l m n j ADCB k l m n j DCAB k l m n j DBAC k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
10. A. The service of the Church accordingly, and the translation of the Bible which was read in churches, were both in that corrupted Latin which was the common language of the country. B. When Christianity was first established by law, a corrupt form of Latin had become the common language of all the western parts of Europe. C. Two different languages were thus established in Europe: a language of the priests and a language of the people. D. However, although Latin was no longer understood anywhere by the great body of the people, Church services still continued to be performed in that language.
j BACD k l m n j BADC k l m n j ABCD k l m n j ABDC k l m n j BCDA k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
Take this test online © Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved.
www.complore.com/test4PDF.php?id=39
Page 3 / 3
Search MBA
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English
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English Test 13 Directions for Questions from 1 to 5: The passage given below is followed by a set of five questions. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question. Voltaire, like many others before and after him, was awed by the order and the beauty of the universe, which he thought pointed to a supreme designer, just as a watch points to a watchmaker. In 1779, a year after Voltaire died, that idea was attacked by David Hume, a cheerful Scottish historian and philosopher, whose way of undermining religion was as arresting for its strategy as it was for its detail. Hume couldn’t have been more different from today’s militant atheists. In his “Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion,” which was published posthumously, and reports imaginary discussions among three men, Hume prized apart the supposed analogy between the natural world and a designed artifact. Even if the analogy were apt, he pointed out, the most one could infer from it would be a superior craftsman, not an omnipotent and perfect deity. And, he argued, if it is necessary to ask who made the world it must also be necessary to ask who, or what, made that maker. In other words, God is merely the answer that you get if you do not ask enough questions. From the accounts of his friends, his letters, and some posthumous essays, it is clear that Hume had no trace of religion, did not believe in an afterlife, and was particularly disdainful of Christianity. He had a horror of zealotry. Yet his many writings on religion have a genial and even superficially pious tone. He wanted to convince his religious readers, and recognized that only gentle and reassuring persuasion would work. In a telling passage in the “Dialogues,” Hume has one of his characters remark that a person who openly proclaimed atheism, being guilty of “indiscretion and imprudence,” would not be very formidable. Hume sprinkled his gunpowder through the pages of the “Dialogues” and left the book primed so that its arguments would, with luck, ignite in his readers’ own minds. And he always offered a way out. In “The Natural History of Religion,” he undermined the idea that there are moral reasons to be religious, but made it sound as if it were still all right to believe in proofs of God’s existence. In an essay about miracles, he undermined the idea that it is ever rational to accept an apparent revelation from God, but made it sound as if it were still all right to have faith. And in the “Dialogues” he undermined proofs of God’s existence, but made it sound as if it were all right to believe on the basis of revelation. As the Cambridge philosopher Edward Craig has put it, Hume never tried to topple all the supporting pillars of religion at once. In Paris, meanwhile, a number of thinkers began to profess atheism openly. They were the first influential group to do so, and included Denis Diderot, the co-editor of the Enlightenment’s great Encyclopédie, and Baron D’Holbach, who hosted a salon of freethinkers. Hume visited them, and made several friends there; they presented him with a large gold medal. But the philosophers were too dogmatic for Hume’s taste. To Hume’s like-minded friend the historian Edward Gibbon, they suffered from “intolerant zeal.” Still, they represented a historical vanguard: explicit attacks on religion as a whole poured forth within the next hundred years. Since all the arguments against belief have been widely publicized for a long time, today’s militant atheists must sometimes wonder why religion persists. Hitchens says that it is born of fear and probably ineradicable. Harris holds that there are genuine spiritual experiences; having kicked sand in the faces of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, he dives headlong into the surf of Eastern spirituality, encouraging readers to try Buddhist techniques of meditation instead of dangerous creeds. Dawkins devotes a chapter, and Dennett most of his book, to evolutionary accounts of how religion may have arisen and how its ideas spread. It’s thin stuff, and Dennett stresses that these are early days for a biological account of religion. It may, however, be too late for one. If a propensity toward religious belief is “hard-wired” in the brain, as it is sometimes said to be, the wiring has evidently become frayed. This is especially true in rich countries, nearly all of which—Ireland and America are exceptions—have relatively high rates of unbelief. After making allowances for countries that have, or recently have had, an officially imposed atheist ideology, in which there might be some social pressure to deny belief in God, one can venture conservative estimates of the number of unbelievers in the world today. Reviewing a large number of studies among some fifty countries, Phil Zuckerman, a sociologist at Pitzer College, in Claremont, California, puts the figure at between five hundred million and seven hundred and fifty million. This excludes such highly populated places as Brazil, Iran, Indonesia, and Nigeria, for which information is lacking or patchy. Even the low estimate of five hundred million would make unbelief the fourth-largest persuasion in the world, after Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. It is also by far the youngest, with no significant presence in the West before the eighteenth century. Who can say what the landscape will look like once unbelief has enjoyed a past as long as Islam’s—let alone as long as Christianity’s? God is assuredly not on the side of the unbelievers, but history may yet be.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes the difference between Voltaire and Hume?
j Voltaire was in awe of the cosmos whereas Hume was unmoved. k l m n j Voltaire was daunted by nature while Hume was the mundane historian k l m n j Voltaire was a deist and Hume a zealot k l m n j Hume disputed Voltaire’s notion of the transcendental originator. k l m n j Hume affirmed religious theories in a veiled manner unlike Voltaire. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
2. Why, according to the passage, does Hume adopt a veneer of complaisance in his writings?
j Because Hume prized apart the analogy of the supreme craftsman. k l m n j Because Hume questioned the existence of the perfect deity. k l m n www.complore.com/test4PDF.php?id=39 j Because he was facile in his dissuasion k l m n
Page 1 / 3
j Because Hume prized apart the analogy of the supreme craftsman. k l m n j Because Hume questioned the existence of the perfect deity. k l m n j Because he was facile in his dissuasion k l m n j Because he was disdainful of Christianity. k l m n j Because he did not believe in an afterlife k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
3. According to the third paragraph, Hume’s recurring strategy pointed to his main objective, which was to:
j Sprinkle enough anti Christ ammunition in the public. k l m n j Instigate readers to rebel against their faith. k l m n j Kindle the minds of the readers against miracles k l m n j Implant moral reasons to believe in God. k l m n j Innervate and invoke mistrust towards one’s faith. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
4. What, according to the author, could be the reason for Hume’s rejection of the intellectuals?
j That they professed atheism under the garb of knowledge k l m n j That they were fearful of intolerance. k l m n j That they represented a radical religious sect. k l m n j That the authoritarian liberals were fractious k l m n j That they were inciting freethinking k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
5. What, according to the passage, is not a reason for the spread of unbelief?
j The ‘wiring’ has since become frayed. k l m n j There is an officially imposed ideology. k l m n j The rich countries are turning atheist. k l m n j There are genuine spiritual experiences k l m n j People are possibly getting biologically turned off. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 6 to 7: Each of the following questions has a paragraph from which the last sentence has been deleted. From the given options, choose the one that completes the paragraph in the most appropriate way.
6. Teaching creationism in American public schools has been outlawed since 1987 when the Supreme Court ruled that the inclusion of religious material in science classes was unconstitutional. In recent years, however, opponents of the theory of evolution - first developed by Charles Darwin, have regrouped, challenging science education with the doctrine of “intelligent design”, which has been carefully stripped of all references to God and religion. Unlike traditional creationism, which claims that God created the earth in six days, proponents of intelligent design say the workings of this planet are too complex to be ascribed to evolution. There must have been a designer working to a plan - that is, a creator. _____________________
j However, these kinds of teachings are unacceptable to the American public. k l m n j However, there are many schools that are in favour of teaching traditional creationism to the students. k l m n j However, such beliefs are not substantial enough to convince the American courts to allow teaching the subject in its schools. k l m n j However, the American government believes that the students must have the knowledge of traditional creationism, as well as, intelligent k l m n design. j However, some believe that parents should decide what subjects should be taught to their children. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
7. Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It endeavours to answer the question—what is language and how it is represented in the mind? Linguists focus on describing and explaining language and are not concerned with the prescriptive rules of the language (i.e. do not split infinitives). Linguists are not required to know many languages and linguists are not interpreters. The underlying goal of the linguist is to try to discover the universals concerning language. That is, what are the common elements of all languages. _____________________
j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe all languages and also predict what specific rules k l m n can occur in a language. j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe all languages and also predict what specific rules k l m n cannot occur in a language. j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework. k l m n j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe particular languages and track changes from time k l m n to time.
www.complore.com/test4PDF.php?id=39 j Knowing the common elements in these languages makes interpreting a particular language relatively easy. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
Page 2 / 3
j The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe particular languages and track changes from time k l m n to time. j Knowing the common elements in these languages makes interpreting a particular language relatively easy. k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n Directions for Questions from 8 to 10: The sentences given in each question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.
8. A. It tells the story of the campaign to repeal the estate tax (what we would call inheritance tax) in the United States, which culminated in the inclusion of the measure in George Bush’s massive taxcutting legislation of 2001. B. Politics of another country’s tax system is unlikely to be of much interest to anyone with any sort of normal life. C. Listening to the ins and outs of other people’s fiscal battles can be like listening to other people’s dreams: interminable and almost completely unreal. D. Death by a Thousand Cuts is something different.
j BADC k l m n j BCDA k l m n j CBAD k l m n j CABD k l m n j BACD k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
9. A. Lottery officials suspected a scam until they traced the sequence to a fortune printed with the digits “22-28-32-33-39-40” and Donald Lau’s prediction: “All the preparation you’ve done will finally be paying off.” B. As a vice-president at Wonton Food, Inc., in Long Island City, Donald Lau manages the company’s accounts payable and receivable, negotiates with insurers, and, somewhat incidentally, composes the fortunes that go inside the fortune cookies, of which Wonton is the world’s largest manufacturer. C. Each day, Wonton’s factory churns out four million Golden Bowl-brand cookies, which are sold to several hundred vendors, who, in turn, sell them to most of the forty thousand Chinese restaurants across the country. D. Wonton’s primacy in the industry and, for that matter, in the gambler’s imagination is such that when, in March, five of six lucky numbers printed on a fortune happened to coincide with the winning picks for the Power ball lottery, a hundred and ten people, instead of the usual handful,came forward to claim prizes of around a hundred thousand dollars.
j CBAD k l m n j CBDA k l m n j ADCB k l m n j DCAB k l m n j DBAC k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
10. A. The service of the Church accordingly, and the translation of the Bible which was read in churches, were both in that corrupted Latin which was the common language of the country. B. When Christianity was first established by law, a corrupt form of Latin had become the common language of all the western parts of Europe. C. Two different languages were thus established in Europe: a language of the priests and a language of the people. D. However, although Latin was no longer understood anywhere by the great body of the people, Church services still continued to be performed in that language.
j BACD k l m n j BADC k l m n j ABCD k l m n j ABDC k l m n j BCDA k l m n i Skip this question j k l m n
Take this test online © Copyright 2009. All Rights Reserved.
www.complore.com/test4PDF.php?id=39
Page 3 / 3
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