I{rpnonHrr necHrrHa 6auarcrcnre dnnrapri Hamanua Pautrcoea repeHeHMareB TeMara,rqe npeAiroxaHaBarrreroBHlrMaHr{e flpe4u Aa HaBns3a puan - $paruenr or pa3roBopc ABeneBr,rqra ceno [pa6auarqanKr{or cBlrrqoBcKoro roMr{poBo.Cre4 arnpoca Mr,tAaJrr,r [peceJrnr,rq[reor Bauar ca AoHecnuorraM crapl{ frecHlr, 3aIIoqHa cJIeAHI,rqT AI{aJIor rroMe}KAy LrM:
TepesaVoxuHoea(7, V.): Hua cmapu, da euduw KaKeuxy6aou. He ueprcoeca. ,[a euduw KaK6uuHmepecHu Hu, arfltt aeceJlLt ca me! (3anrna:,,fl.n3re3 HarrTjre,Aa nbre" - 6. tnr.,H. P) Te ca rj4Hoeo a-ua Hue He zLtsHaent re 6aqua ABa-TpI,I uHmepecHu, Mapua ffempoea (M. II.): Aua u maKula necHuttu uua? Tl V.: Auu da! IIa Kuttzama,a3 cbt4 n sel|4ata. M. tI.: E, do6pede, 4o He cu rvtttrcasana? T. LI.: As cau.rr 3errotto.Muozo uHmepecHu necuu!Harcoil nbm, Kam dodu rcaHa KHrrrara- 6. u., H. P), da zu ucKai4eu da eudunte rcaPatla (nprarexareJrKara KAKSLtCA UHmepeCHU. - Br,re3Haere MeJIoArrr{Te,a AyMr,ITeHe 3Haere, rara lx? - rI,ITaM a3. T. r{.: A 6e, al 4yrllure Aa }rMaM, MeJroAr{}tre rrr 3rraf,. - Orrcrre 3Haelr ueno,unure? T. V.: 3nan zu om uautme! Aua dyuume * me ca 6aw narrKeHcKudytvttt, rne ca uHmepecHLt. M, II.: ,,Raqtttt ca daeott y cmbKtteHKa..." CmzrcneHKa3HaLntalrute. Tl V.: I.I"ua uuoeo xy6aeu necHu, alvta BawHomo e KHuzama da ffierra. II{e mu ?U U3neerttBCUqrcUme, ,,KHErara" ce oKa3ac6opnurrr c Hapo.qHLInecHI,Ina 6anarcrxre 6urapu, 3anl4tr ny6rurynanu or ru.-Kop. Hurolafi KayQrraan.Tosu Heros rpyA He e caMo Aocall.l'z. KyMeHr or My3lrKanxoQonropHlrre apxrrBu. Tosa e Bb3MoxHocr 3a Bb3Bpr,ulaue Ha nsry6eHoro rrecenHoHacJreAcrBoor Ml{Hiuroro B rraMerra Ha 6anarqauvv3a rroAAtp*""._rt:_."tqu$urara B KyJrrypara Ha ra3r,r roKaJrHa o6qsocr.
Ll:cre.qsaHero Ha My3r,rKaIrnaraKyJrrypa na 6r-urapure KaroJurqr.rs CnfiilIoscro oTKpof,Ba 3Haqr,IMoToM.trcToHa eAuH pa3IEqeH xaHp - rIbpKoBHlrTe [ecHr,r - rr T"sxlrara aKTyanua ynorpe6a B JrrrypruqHara rrpaKTrrKa.flpe: 1895 r. npu rocryBaHel'o crny 6urrapure n Eauar Jho6ouup Mureru.r HayqaBa, qe ,,rraBJrHKfl:nurene o6uqaru .ua ne.sr cBercKX rlecHu" .Ie ugo6uo necHl{ H.sMzuroI,I KoJIKoro rI{ e I,IMaJIo.tloBeqero 6uru .ryxr4Ia.Cauo qepKoBHr,rflecHlr ce fleeJrn, I,I To He caMo B gepKBara, Ho r.rB KbrrII{, ADr(e H npu necer6u" (Mranerrau 1987: 35). Ha6rrcAeIrnflTa cpeA npeceJrHr.rqu 6anar.raH[ n c.,{parorunpoBo oKoJroeAr{HBeK rro-KbcHo norBbpx(Aanar ycroiiunBocrra Ha rIbpKoBHr{{ rreceueH peneproap KaKTo B KyJITypaTaIIa HerOBlITeHOClrTeJrr{,TaKa H B KOJTeKTUBHaTa [aMeT 3'.1KynTypaTa Ha o6unocma. llome,qrr Ha3aA KbM MrrHaJroroHa IIbpKoBHara [eceHHocr n Eanar noAcKa3Ba rrr,T lra ycrar{oB.sBaHe}r pa3Br{TI{e,pa3Jr[qeH or ro3rr Ha Mecrnrrre 6urapu Karonurlr{ n Cenepna Eurapux. Ha6nro4eHuflTavru3cre4Bznnsra ua JI. Mnlerlrq BbB Bpb3Ka c 6auarcrrax roBop rroKa3Bar,qe npe3 XIX s. 6urapcrure 3aceJrHrrrlus Eauar [prrre)KaBar I{ rlon3Bar rIbpKoBHI,IMoJr[rrBeHr{c6opnuqz. flrpnnrr or r.sx e cbcraBeH [pe3 1860 r. or cBexreHvKaxbpBarr.rHKro6yvap. Karo r{3roqnnK Ha peneproapa cny)ror Eaaeapcrcu fioarctop,rcu.1, 2001
13
I4 cbCTaBflJI xT,pBaTCKHneCnonOfirpr, OT KOIITS rOfi npenexAaJl Ha 6anarCru AHaJISKT rr-OKOftHI'Iq'{ C C6OfyBaI{e 3a neCIILl IIbpKOBHl,t,pI,ITyaJIHI,II,I T. Hap. ,oMbpTaBu" rreggr{
uectlu o.1 iM"r,"r"" t'qOO::++). flouecrenrareor JI. Mu'eruq K.JI.AHIILr,,MT'praBv" KaroJrrl6aHarcrara s npaKTl'na My3LIKanHa )KI'IBa ca u Kno6yvap Ha AHec -" Ao ;56t
ca npeBeAel{ll u [ecoecna nltryprua n .{paroMl4poBo. Clulo oT xbpBaTcKI'I_pI3TOqH}IIIU oqesIaAHOre3lt Mor.)' u 1887 1872 (u:Aa4erra [pe3 r{rlTe oT c6uprara nraopanr< lnac Ha 6aHarcKHTe pe[eproap 11eceHelr IIbpKoBHI,Is Ha B ocHoBara niitur"" *nr.u ca 6uril MoJII{TB oT 6aHaTqaHI'I lI Cera ApaIOMI4pODO C IIoJI3BaHATa CT,BIIaAa KOfiTO 6rryapt{, r')' 1923 r-epaH, (Erp4apcru or AlIroH Kalqog ti"r.o Ha 6anarcKl.IAI,IaJIeKT -""t* llplr o6paruoro rpecenBaHe n Eurapur Bpb3KaTasbc cnequsvqHHfr AIraneKTeH roBop KaTo cr,Ulectu"" opurnl{qaBaul 6ener na o6ulnoclraTa CaMoI'IAeHTLI(buKaUI'Lf, oT Eanar MOJILITBSHI{IIU'H3IIOJI3BaHI'IB ce ilOAAT,p)t(a npe.4[ BCHI{KOqpe3 AOHSCSH1{TS ce npoTl{BonocTaBsT peI[[TeJIHo IIa onI{TI{Te oT UT,pKoBI{;Te clyx<6u. flpecelnuq}ITe cTpaHaHacBetueHIIqUqPI(AeHUIIAaBT,BeAaTqbpKoBHOIIeeHeHanaTI4HCKI',Ie3UI(IlAtt
il;6;t";
(Hxryros 1999:99)' OqesulHo yuorpe6ara na 6auarcnure Monr.rrBeHuqu
MeIO.4ur{eCKOTo lI3npo6nertlrr-He e caMO e3fiKOBna e cBbp3aH c npI'IBbp3aHoCT KbM Ha 6T'IrapcKOTO 6apa3rrBaHe IIa nllTyprufTa, BKopeHeHO B MJ3IIXaJIHoTO Cs3HaHlIe Cbxpa6aHaT'{aHH AoHecJIIM B ApaIOMI'IpoBo irot"*O Hacelenne. llpu :acelnalleTo cBl'pIIpaKTuKa' I{y3lIKiUIIIa KaTo Ha 6aHaTCKI'I AI'IaJIeKT IIecHoIIeHIa.fl HHnt{ cTapI{Te cI4 [ecel{}M 3BaUIa rI4 c npeAIIuTe LI no.{A'Lp)Kaula 6anarcrus I{M KopeII.-IIt'pKoBIII'1Te a MoJIrrrBeIII4npl4;6uraBar 6ororuonrll'ITe KbM TJlil{ara JIoKairHa o6quocr, i"n"rou" }Ief,' KbN{ LIM IIpIIHa.{JI€XHOCTTa Ha I'I3pa3 Te KIIIIIIU Ca BeIqeCTBelI e.[Ha B no.rlxpena Ha ToBa TBr,pAeHr,reue [puBeAa o6scHerrlrero Ha 6aHaTr]ar{Ka, Beqe HacTO'sUaTa' Hex II9BI4UH B qbpKoBHIITe cny)K6I'I. CnOpe4 OT rraii-I,I3tse"ut" Ha O6CTof,TeJIcTBoqbpKBaTa ce A:bJI)Iu poap"Aano ylloTpe6a IIa 6aHaTcKIlTe necHI'I B CHaXII B 6aTO, r{e foJl.f,Ma r.IacT oT )I(eHI'ITe,Marap I,I BealeBa3pacT}II4, ca [paBocnaBHl rIecHrITe' He 3HafT Te cI'I. xeHI{T6aTa cJIeA KaToJrr{qLI3Ma rprreJlu K6IrII4, uaTcKt{ "uIoT IIa crapl4 lvlor{e ca lrenu r{ rrf,Mar KHI,I)r(Kr,6auarcru or e,qHo BpeMe". flpurextauaHero n I4TBeHl{qu c e oKa3Ba eM6IeMaTI'IrI HO 3tt,, I{ CTI{HCKUTe'o6 anarqaflu. - Te HarIoMH-trTHa 6aFIarqaIIH 3zr 3a MenoAr,rure o6aqe e [o-r4HTlrMHa flaverra I{IeHoBe poAa' KoHTo ca cnyulaHlt I.I Bt'3IIpIIeN,|4. oT Ha (neue IIoKofiHu) B:b3pacTHI,ITe CIIOMe}III 3a ur.r. EMOquoHairHoTo N{y3LrKaIHO Bb3npraflTr{e ce ycLIIBa OT BbJIHyBaIIIII B53M9JIOAIIII' 6anarCrnre pOACTB9HLIqUTSIISBIII4. Ha ntnpOCa OT'Ka,Aee 3a1OMHI'IJIa Kajqo' ce Patuytt dedo it, 6pam 6a6a r4oilma om Ha pacrHa rIeBLIqa orroBaps: ,1.i, neil, cuLIKo nJ'Iabduu *rozo sbspacmeH. Totl uuoeo e wl/1 fla suaeut, Kam 3el4e da LrcpKsama. sttHoztt ,,Xeil' nacToil nO'aean Lte! TaKbs xy6ae znoc ur'nau. Ileen cu y 'uuozO cU Te HezO' KAm nerl7 mfl e ftruplr" om necHume Ha Koneda. Moilma 6A6a
lI rcam sanenm - Karceoda mu Kalca! Tos ded Pawyn urflalae edLtH^4eK 'zJ'tac, iifr,ruoi. qyl eduH Xy6ae. Ome4 flanau suKa: ,rl6p8u n6m Kam cbi4_dOuan, Kam cb'M Om cztu As e nena' dndo Pn*yn'da nefi, Cbn3ume CArvu Kon1flu." H aOfimA MoilKa mu pod, om myil noKoneHue, dem nenm !vHo7o." br apeuero Ha rrpeceJrBaHerorrpucbcrBnero Ha 6aHarcKI4TenecHl{ B nl{Typrfitra uHoronparHo e 6rasaro 3acrparrreHo. KaronnqecKl,ITe I,IHcrI'ITyWrr 1r cBeuIeHI{qI'ITe IIeeHenpu 6oroclyXeHI,IeTO: TaKa,KaKce OIIITBaT ,qa HaJIoX(aTJIaTIfHcKoIIIbpKoBHO o6[IHOCT B ApaIoML'IpoBo - [peceJIIII{ro ce n3BbprrrBacpeA ApyraTa KaTOJlnqecKa 6OrOClylenue B eAI{a r1bpKBaB C6BMSCTH9TO Ha EyKypeq. UlrTe oT 9I(OJIHSSTIITS 1roqerr,rpu.{ecer nopaN4a HaIIpe)KeHI4e (1884-1922) roALlHr{ noqru Ha rrpoAbnr(egge N{e)r(Ayr{M nOpaAI4pa3II4lI}IeTO B e3LIKa,Ha KOfiTOCe BOAI'IIUTyprI'IgTa' n B nl4Typrl.rqToBa e II eAHa oT IIpI4tIHI'IllTeAa ce rrn.rrneceHeHpellepToap. CnOpeg I,rHrloprraaropuTe II],pKBa. eAHa olqe Ha cTurFIeAO [OCTpOqBaHeTo 14
Bce lar c rer{eHpleHa BpeMero AI{HaMr,rKara Ha npoMerrure rre orMHHaBa r4 u:bpKOBIIATaneceHl{ocr na 6anarqanpl. T"s ce l,r3BbprxBano rrocoxa na ynlrsuqr,rpaHe c Jr,rTyprlnsra IIa ocraHaJlure KaroJlr4qun Cenepna Eurapna. Cloponere Me)r(AyABere KarorplqecKu o6rqxocru n [parovzpoBo rrpoAbn)r(aBarc orlrrr.r 3a Hanararre rra JraTI{HCI(I4.[ e3]IK Ir Ileelle n 6oroclynte1uara npaKTr,rKana 6anar.{anr.r (Hrrylos 1999: lll-119). Brupexu ynopcrBoro Ha 6anarcKrirrerrpeceJrHrrrluAa cr,xpaHrrr cnerludlrauHr4ttcv II:bpKoBeHperlepToap, npe3 roAIdHHre6aHarcroTo [eeFreBce roBeqe ce za6paBt I4 I'I3ocraB.s- H.sMarofi 4a rlpurloMHrr MHoro or craplrre MenoAHr4Lrre ocraBar B ilacllBHLrs'peneproap Ha H.sKorKo oKollo 70-roAuluru rreBr.rrlufi rreBrllr. Te ce rop4exr cl,c cBOeTO3HaHXeI4 Cb3HaBaTHeIoBaTayIIIiIKaJIHocT. Aopra B KOMIaKTHO3aceJIeHOTo c 6anarcxn 6r"nrapu c. 6tp4apcKI,I repaH He [paKTr{Kyrar 6anarcKoro nnrypruqHo neeHe,a ,,rrvte- Ka3Barn AparovupoBo - ce .qr,p)Kr{M,Hr{e cMe 15 rroplro y .{paroMr4poBo,aMa rraK cMe cbxpaHr.uruHaurroloo fa ce npocJreAl,I rpyrtlapaHero na 6auarcrr,rre rrecHu B lrvrryprr4flTa c[opeA rIT,pKoBHu.f,pl{TyaneH KaneHAap e lI3cJIeAoBareJrcKa3a4a'qa,Ko.rrro flpeAcrorr. Tyx rqe or6elexa caNlo,qe ycrofivuaocrra Ha crapara [eceHHa rpa1r4rlr4l,npeneceua br Eauar, e uail-cutnta 3a npa3Hr.rrrHuTe nr{Typrfin n {paroutrpoBo, oco6euo rra Kolega, (oraro tr Ao Arrec 3aAbJr)I(lITeirHo3ByrrHKoJreAHr.rgT 6agarcru IIHKbJI. npoerT ,,Kynrypna HAeHTrar{Hocr _ llpe: 1995 r. B paMKI{TeHa I{3cJIeAoBareJrcKH.f, - $olr.nopr{rr MoAeJrlr- peruoHiurHa rrplrHaAne)KHocr'0, $lruaicr.rpin or MoH, c roJrerure ?Ipena Forona u Banenruna Pafiqena ocbrrlecrBlrxMe ayAr,ro-rr BHAeoAoKyMeHTaIlI4.f,Ha KoJIeAHI{TeKaroruqecKu Jrrrryprr{u B celrara Opelr u [parouzpoBo - t] u ,,6auarcrara" ,,6yxypeu1Kara" ubpKBa. iJ cnyx6ara Ha 6auarqaHra npo:nyvaxa l0 II6pI(oBIrr{uecHrl u caMo ABe or r.f,x He 6sxa 6asarcru. flpocleAf,BaM HaKparKo rrpoTr4lraHeroHa nolrrr,rAByqacoBara nvryprl/.s,,3a Aa orKpo.f,MoMeHTr.{Te na ynorpe6a ua 6anarcrure ul,pKoBur,rrrecHu. Clyxc6ara 3arrorrHa c [ocperqaHe Ha raso6paxreHne-KyKnaHa HoBopoAeHr{rr wucyc, HoceHo or cBeureur{Kau Aerra-loMorrlnr.rquc ropsruu cBeurr{B pbue. brana;rot npaBu, fiplrcbcrBarrrur e la3ilfrxa[eceHTa,,cTaHere, 6parn, cJIaBHae HOU1Tao.. AnalOrl4qHo I'I3[IT,JII{€II[0 I4MaIUeu n ,,6yryperlKarao' KaroJruqecxarlGprtRa.lleceHra ]renocpeAcrBeHo cJreAnl'pBara Beqe 6eure 6auarcKa: ,,Eoxeo ne6ero orBopfi'.. cle4 rola 3a[oqHa rrr,pBara, T. ]rap. floyvnrelHa qacr Ha cserara Jluryprur c Bxo,quu o6pe4u: peqr{TarI{BHaXopOBaMOJIlrrBa,,IrI3[ou4BaM", rLlraHLrS.,,locloAtt, nolaurBaii ur,r,,r,r TT,pr(ecrBeHara6auarcra KoneAHarreceH ,,Beceln, HapoA uofi xpucrusHcru... B crorBercrBl{e c rtpa3Hl,IqHvs. Ae:acBeuIeHuKGru 6orovronqnTe l,r3rltxa,,Craea BbB BLISHItu:te Eory" (gnynrac n repqz) r.l6anarcro necHonelrfie ,,Hero xBaJrr.rM, Eora craauru". CreAsalqusr A.f,JIHa lloyuureluara iracr 6e Jluryprus Ha Crosoro - qereHe or crapo3aBerHara KHura Ha [popoJK l(caitx, qereHe na floclaHraero rra cn. flaser Ao eBpeI'ITe I'I or Euarrre-nze clopeA Irloau. Ha rosa M.flcro ce florBr,r My3LrKaJrHaraKyJrMI4HaqrllI Ha 4eicrnuero - neceHTa ,,Xeft, uacrupn" (Bnpovev, ra:" ilecer{ cr,rrlecrByBzl BbB Beqe cnoMelrarara ryK p-bKorlucnac6upra or rlbpKoBHrr[ecrrr4 Ha K;ro6yuap, ny6nI4KyBaHaor JI. Muleutq. Or [recr KoneAHrrrrecHrr,noMecrer{u B Hes. rou 6sxa i.rsrrr,JrHeHr4 Ha nuryprvrara n ,{parouupono.) ,,Xefi, Ilacrfiplro' a na"""-4"onof Me)K.qy qerupr'IMa coJlrrcrH I4XOpC llHTepecHoMy3lrKanlropa3Br4THe, CMtIIa rla My3l{r(anrrl{ToHaJIlIocrI{' rev6pu }I eJIeMeHTH Ha rearpanu3aul,If,.,{orolroro Mr{ e r43BecrFlo,ToBa e eAuIIcTBeHaTaIIeceH cT,ccoJIlIcTI{MbXe B 6anarcru-s nr4TyprlrqeupenepToap. fleceura rpae 11 rrauHyru.(Bn<.llpu.iroxeuue) E$err:rr Ha roBa Ir3rIbJIHeHrIece 3aclrnr4or nocJreABarrir.f, 3ByKoBKoHTpacr fipo[oBeA:ra Ha cBeuleHr{xa.cnope4 rrpa3HrlqHr{rxapaKTep Ha nuTyprrl_sra npo3Byqa ,,Bepyro", H3peqeHoor cBerqeHuKav u3rrrro rrpxeirnenb xa 6au-aicxH 4"aieni ot
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npeAcraBtHeHa {T_::::: BKrrroqBarue Jluiypm.rHoro AeficrBr4e ;;ft;; ro BpeMeHaK.I'IrpuqecrtBaHe' 3a "u-iiprrr. u o6pe4 G;;;;rq;;"*u;,'Eo^upllcrllqHa MorII{rBa I{a CBecu na ne6ecaTa", a IIOMOXIHIIK
,,oTr-Ieuaut' KOfi.Io TOXOpoBoc" "arr"rr"""ailIe noxepTByBaHHf,3a qbpKBaTa.,[,oxaro Teqeule B3eMaHeIIapuqHI{ ct6rapaure OT eU6levarnqlll4Te 3a KO"r*r*u TO Ha np'qa.Tr,re, cOJrtCTKar,rxop U3n-bn'tBaxa o''Ie eAHa B uolurBa Ha cBeIrIeHI4Ka CleA Halrafi". ,,Hauafi, 6anarcru [ecHla ,a^iir"?-"1 )KSHI{nr{rle Ha AyXOBHOTO B orsbcrBr{e Beqe pal"rur"" AOfiAe Kpasr Ha Jrlrrypr'sra.. - MOJII{TSaTa,'PaAperIHTaTI',IB Te r,r3rrfl(abanarcrara .o, lata"tle, uyfie Apary" I{ B safi ce, 6laroAarna MaPufio"' ile peileproaprjr Ha OcrasgN{ KpaJIHa ro3r,ITeKcr orBopeH, rT fi raro e oqeBI'IAHo' B63MO)I(HSSTII MHOIOIOSQqHS 6anarcrara KaToluqecKa O6uIuOcr n CsuilIOncxo AaBa JlnryprUVnUre IOIJISA Ha3aA BbB BpeMeTOE B HaCTOSilIeTO' 3A aHAJIrr3,CT,TIOCTaBKI,I, or My6brrapr4 KaroJrnurr npeAcraBsr yHI{KaneHBapI'IaHr Ha 6aHarcKure ;;;;;;;" cDeTa' no y I,I Hac o6EnocTH 3r{KaJrHaTaKyJrTypaHa pa3I[qHI4Te KaToJIHqecxu JIureParYPa:
1900:KrrraXnnnaTaue3I4KErHa6ana'rCrxre6urrapn'-C6Opltl'tx3allapOAlII4yM Mtlern.r,JI. 14lrapoAonnc.Itu. 16 - 17' BopeHu.tt ""'-'rni-" n Sanar' C' n ,l't u, I' rS8i: I'I3cneABalIutea6'r'lrapxre o Ce'4wrrpaacro H I r y n o s, 6. 1999:Eauarcrune6tnrapn' C'
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I colucr:
16
Xefi, nacrnpe, raro il ryfi, gur ce r"rTyxa 6lnzo uyit? 'ro3r4rurac6eruaHrelcru, ryra fi alrrel ne6ecru.
Al ycqere na6ler, AA ru cMilpa HecMe.s. C:ureua DraccraHafl, DIaBr4Te C\ !.t4tilAg..
Ag orxole ryfi clyrrau, rl{ ula Aa oy ca6yrx4ev, MUCnaAr,rrlaTa rrerT, MeArorefi ce BeceJrar,
Foxe trlnu, raro fi ryfi? Mnc:ru cav cn aa na ryfi, 6para cav cv a3 ryAult, earyfi cav oav ca6yAul.
II corucr:
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Tofi Ha vene o6axgen, uu ce Vlcyc.qrrr{c pa)KAeJr, 3a orrynn roi cnera y,qBuqHaTa neAenca.
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Ha rosn cBerAa AoAr4, Mecur ga ce poiql4 y Eernenaa,[O.qea, 3a orKynr{Hapo,qa.
He nuAuru 3Be3Aara B'b3yHa3n ca.flTa, Ta TyJrMaqr{ IIr4cMoTy, zay6agu HoBory,
3aryfi cr.rra6rprafivu, care xopa npn6pafivr.r, TyKaAa xopTyBaMH, uai-ay6pe Aa cJIaraM14.
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