Cardiovascular System:the Blood -nsu

Histology 7b Gregory Rodocker NSU Class Taken: Spring 2009

Blood Cells 

Plasma 

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Liquid portion of the blood

Formed elements/cells   

Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets/thrombocytes

“Buffy Coat”

Plasma 





Plasma = Whole Blood – Formed elements Serum = Whole Blood – Formed Elements – Clot Serum = Plasma - Clot

Plasma 10% of the volume is solutes: 7% proteins 

0.9% salts 



NaCl, KCl, CaCl2

Remainder 

Amino acids, vitamins, hormones and lipoproteins

Serum Proteins

What plasma proteins are missing from this separation?

RBC’s/Erythrocytes  

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Anucluate Packed with hemoglobin: 280mil/per RBC. Biconcave disks  

 

7.5 x 2.6 um and 0.8 um at center *Large surface area to volume ratio

3.9 – 5.5 million RBC’s/ul – women 4.1 – 6.0 million RBC’s/ul - men

RBC’s

Sickle Cell Anemia

RBC’s 

Cell membrane is referred to as the Plasmalemma 

Well known due to its ready availability   

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40% lipid (note) 50% protein 10% carbohydrate

Contains a 33% solution of Hemoglobin (Hb)

RBC’s 

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Immature or incompletely enucluated RBC’s are called reticulocytes Normally, there are 1% retics 



Increased numbers indicate hemorrhage or change in altitude/oxygen availability

Survive for 120 days and are removed, based on membrane surface cues, by macrophages in the bone marrow or spleen

All of these are RBC’s. Which are reticulocytes? What do others contain?

Polycythemia

WBC’s/Leukocytes 

Granulocytes   



Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Agranulocytes  

Monocytes Lymphocytes

Granulocytes 

Non-dividing, terminal cells that are preprogrammed to die by apoptosis in a few days   



Billions of neutrophils die each day Capable of diapedesis Attracted by chemical mediators via chemotaxis 6,000 – 10,000 WBC’s/ul

Neutrophils  

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60 – 70% of total WBC number 12 – 15ul in diameter with a nucleus that has 2-5 lobes, usually 3. Immature neutrophils have a horseshoe shaped nucleus and is called a band Polymorphonulear leukocyte

Three neutrophils

Eosinophils  

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2 – 4% of the total WBC count Same size as neutrophils with a bilobed nucleus 200 granules per cell

Eosinophil

Basophil   

1% of the total WBC count Same size as neutrophil Multilobed nucleus often obscured by the granules

Basophil and ?

Lymphocytes    

28% of total WBC count Small lymphocytes (6 – 8um in diameter) Medium lymphocytes Large lymphocytes (up to 18um)   

Lifespan from a few days to years Large, round nucleus Little cytoplasm

Monocytes   

5% of total WBC count 12 – 20um in diameter Oval, horseshoe or kidney – shaped nucleus

Platelets/thrombocytes  

2- 4um in diameter Non-nucleated cell fragments 

 

Megakaryocytes produce them

200,000 – 400,000/ul Lifespan of 10 days

Platelets