Ca Bar: Remedies (2009)

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

QUESTIONS

REMEDIES

Intro A. Remedies questions will use words such as: “remedy,” “relief,” or state a specific remedy. B. Remedies questions will typically include other substantive law like torts or K’s. C. Approach: 1. What’s the substantive area of law? 2. What’s the subtopic area of law? 3. Tip: the fact pattern may be susceptible to more than one substantive law interpretation, ie torts and K’s—discuss both sets of remedies on the essay. 4. Make sure that P has a case. 5. What remedies require discussion? a. Do substantive law first b. P will always win the lawsuit in order to get remedies. 6. Order of Remedy Analysis: a. Legal Restitutionary Remedies b. Restitutionary Remedies c. Equitable Remedies D. Tip: essays will have 3-4 remedies at issue generally

TORT REMEDIES What is the order of remedy analysis?

A. Legal: Damages 1.

Compensatory Damages a. Based on the injury to the P: put P in the position he would’ve been in had the injury not occurred b. Requirements: 1) Causation 2) Foreseeability and Proximate Causation (injury must’ve been foreseeable at the time of the tortuous act.) 3) Certainty of Damages: damages cannot be too speculative.

What are the legal tort remedies?

4) Mitigation: P must take reasonable steps to mitigate damages. c.

What are the requirements for compensatory damages?

What level of certainty is required? 2. What’s required to prove past losses? Future losses?

What’s the All-or-Nothing rule?

Tips: 1) Past losses must be established w/ more certainty than future losses—we expect past losses to be established w/ almost near certainty. 2) In old vs new businesses, a historical record of an “established” biz will be more helpful in proving reasonable certainty of damages. 3) All or Nothing Rule: for future damages, P must show that they are more likely to happen than not, ie are the odds better than 50-50? Compensatory Damages + Personal Injury Torts a. Economic losses (ie economic losses) must be proven w/ sufficient certainty b. Non-economic losses (ie pain and suffering, permanent disfigurement) need not be proven per the basic certainty rules. The jury can award whatever it wants. c. Rule: award must be a single lump-sum payment. There’s no such thing as an “installment award.” d. Calculation: 1) Special damages only: award must be discounted to present value 2) Inflation is not taken into account on the bar. 1

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

3.

Can the award be in installment payments?

What are the 2 caveats to calculation?

When are nominal damages awarded?

Nominal Damages a. Awarded when P has no actual injury; serve to establish or vindicate P’s rights. 4. Punitive Damages a. Awarded to punish the D. b. PD: 1) Follows award of compensatory or nominal damages always (Note: punitive damages can also be attached to restitutionary damages.) 2) D’s fault must be greater than negligence 3) Awarded relatively proportional to actual damages. A) SC: PD limited to a single digit multiplier of actual damages unless conduct facts are extreme. B. Restitutionary 1. All 5 based on theory that D should not be unjustly enriched. 2. Legal Restitutionary Remedies a. Restitutionary Damages 1) Based on the benefit to the D.

2) Award is based on the value of the benefit. (Compensatory damages in

When are punitive damages awarded?

What are the 3 requirements to PD?

What is the recent SC decision on PD? b.

i.

What are the restitutionary remedies based on?

What are the 5 types?

Can you award both compensatory and restitutionary damages? c. Can you award PD + restitutionary damages?

contrast, are based on injury to the P). 3) Possible fact patterns: A) Only compensatory damages are available. B) Only restitutionary damages are available (though these fact patterns may include nominal damages.) C) Both are available, but only 1 can be awarded. Hypo: D steals your machine and uses it in his business. Discuss both but only award the larger sum. 4) Punitive Damages can be attached to restitutionary damages as long as action is in tort. Replevin 1) Action to regain possession of specific personal property. 2) Requirements: A) P must have a right to possession. B) D must wrongfully withholds. 3) Possible Fact Patterns A) If P recovers the chattel before the trial, P: Will have to post a bond to cover the risk that D will win at trial and suffer losses in the interim ii. D can defeat an immediate recovery by posting a redelivery bond to cover the risk that P will win at trial and suffer losses in the interim. iii. NB: Sheriff repossesses the property for P if P is entitled to replevin. B) Tip: Replevin is almost always coupled w/ compensatory or restitutionary damages for lost use or benefit to the D during the time of detention. Ejectment 1) Action to regain possession of specific real property. 2) Requirements: A) P must have a right to possession B) D must wrongfully withholds by having wrongful possession of the property 3) Possible Fact Patterns 2

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

What is replevin?

3.

What are the requirements for it?

What happens if P recovers the chattel before trial?

Replevin usually goes hand in hand w/ what other damages?

A) D is an adverse possessor. B) D is a holdover tenant at expiration of lease terms. C) NB: Sherriff ejects. D) Tip: Ejectment is almost always coupled w/ compensatory or restitutionary damages for lose use or benefit to D during time of wrongful withholding. E) Tip: Holdover tenants don’t lead to punitive damages. Equitable Restitution a. Constructive Trusts: imposed on improperly acquired property to which D has titleto property. D served as a “trustee” and must return the property to P. b. Equitable Liens: imposed on improperly acquired property to which D has title. Property will be put up for sale by court order. The monies received go to the P. If the sale proceeds are less than the fair market value, then judge will issue a deficiency judgment and can be used to go after D’s assets to make up the difference. c. Tip: only works when D has title to the property. d. Rules: 1) Inadequate legal remedy, ie b/c D is insolvent or for constructive trusts, the property is unique. 2) Tracing is allowed. 3) Bona Fide Purchasers prevail over Plaintiff. (Then P would try to trace the purchase price into the bank account and recover the purchase price.) 4) P will prevail over unsecured creditors w/ constructive trusts. A) NB: to the extent that you have a deficiency judgment in connection w/ an equitable lien, you stand on equal footing w/ other unsecured creditors. e. Choosing b/t the constructive trust and equitable lien: 1) If property value goes up  constructive trust

2) If property value goes down  equitable lien What is ejectment?

C. What are the requirements for ejectment?

What is ejectment often coupled with?

Can you couple ejectment w/ PD?

What is a constructive trust?

3) When D’s property cannot be traced solely to P’s property, then only equitable lien is available. Equitable Remedies: Injunctive Relief 1. D is enjoined to do or refrain from doing something. 2. Permanent injunction or preliminary injunction? a. Permanent: issued after full trial on merits b. Preliminary (temp, interlocutory): issued pending trial on the merits. c. Tip: if in doubt, go w/ permanent. 3. Preliminary Injunction a. Requirements: 1) P must establish irreparable injury will occur during the time spent waiting for trial—P needs relief now A) NB: irreparable injury is weighed against any hardships to D during that time period 2) Establish P’s likelihood of success at the trial (odds are better than 5050) A) Bond requirement: P will have to post bond during the prelim injunction period to cover risk that D will ultimately win and suffer in the interim. b. Model answer: 1) Irreparable injury 2) Likelihood of success c. Notice + adversarial hearing is typically required (unlike TRO’s). 3

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

What is a equitable lien?

4.

What must D do in order for P to bring such an action?

5. 6. What is necessary to get them?

What happens w/ P’s and BFP’s?

What happens w/ P’s and unsecured creditors?

How do you choose b/t constructive trusts and equitable liens?

What happens when P cannot trace to solely his property proceeds?

What are the types of equitable remedies in tort?

What’s a permanent injunction?

What’s a prelim injunction?

What are the requirements of a prelim injunction?

What is a TRO?

What’s required of a TRO?

TRO’s a. Issued pending a hearing to determine whether a preliminary injunction should be issued. b. Test for obtaining a TRO: ex parte hearing to get a TRO (typically) 1) Notice is not required 2) Adversarial proceeding is not required c. TRO’s only last for 10 days. Must have regular prelim injunction hearing thereafter. NB: it’s very difficult to get any type of preliminary injunctive relief that is mandatory in form. This is particularly true of TRO’s. Permanent Injunctive Relief a. 5 part checklist: 1) Inadequate legal remedy alternative 2) Property right/protectable interest 3) Feasibility of Enforcement 4) Balancing of Hardships 5) Defenses b. Inadequate Legal Remedy 1) Have to show no replevin, ejectment or money damages alternatives 2) No replevin A) Sheriff might not be able to recover in replevin or ejectment B) D can file a redelivery bond and then who knows what he’ll w/ it 3) No ejectment A) Sheriff can’t act or refuse to act—sheriff won’t rip down a structure 4) No money damages A) Too speculative B) D is insolvent C) Irreparable injury (any injury related to unique property, land fam heirlooms = irreparable) D) To avoid a multiplicity of actions (bar exam fact will tell you that there’s a prior history of litigation b/t these two parties). c. Property right/protectable interest 1) Traditional rule: equity will grant relief only where a protectable property right is involved 2) Modern rule: a protectable interest will suffice d. Feasibility of Enforcement 1) Negative injunction: stop doing it A) No enforcement probs 2) Mandatory injunction: affirmatively perform an act A) May be an enforcement prob if based on the 1) difficult of supervision or 2) concerns w/ effective compliance 3) Mandatory injunction fact patterns: A) Act involves the application of great taste, skill or judgment  Denied B) Series of acts over a period of time  denied unless P’s is otherwise great C) Out of state act is required  Resident-D: Granted; Non resident-D: denied. e. Balancing of Hardships: P’s benefit v D’s hardship 1) Gross disparity b/t benefit and detriment 2) No balancing if D’s conduct was willful 3) If you do balance, consider giving P some money by forcing D to pay for the costs 4

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

How is a TRO diff from a prelim injunction?

4) Hardship to the public is also taken into account

How long do TRO’s last for?

What are the 5 parts for permanent injunctive relief?

What must you knock out to show inadequate legal remedy?

7.

A) First discuss D’s hardship B) Second, hardship to the public C) Third, grant/deny injunction D) Fourth, award the P money damages 5) NB: balancing of hardship defense is almost always a primary discussion item when the tort is nuisance or trespass to land f. Defenses 1) Unclean Hands A) Available only if P’s alleged improper conduct is related to the lawsuit B) This is the “shady P” fact pattern—he’s never done anything honest except for 1 time, this lawsuit. C) If no defenses available b/c insufficient facts, say no defenses available. 2) Laches A) A “running of a period of time” defense. Unlike the SoL, laches is concerned w/ the effect of the passage of time. B) The laches period of time will never be greater than the SoL. C) Laches Rules: (1) Clock starts to run when P learns of the injury (2) Passage of time cuts off the right to relief when it has been both delay and prejudicial to the D (3) If laches applies, give P some money 3) Impossibility: impossible for D to carry out terms of injunction 4) Free Speech: if tort is defamation or a privacy publication branch tort (false light, private facts) – then deny injunction Miscellaneous Injunctive Relief Probs a. Crimes: equity will not enjoin them. (but check to see if conduct could be characterized as a tort.) b. Who is bound by an injunction 1) Parties 2) Employees and agents acting w/ notice

3) Third parties acting w/ notice c.

Why could money damages be inadequate? 8.

Erroneous injunction 1) If there’s an erroneous injunction (facts or law have changed and you wouldn’t get it today)  still have to obey it 2) Then go to court and have it modified or dissolved d. Contempt: not obeying a court order 1) Civil contempt: coerce into obeying A) Fines or court can award damages at its discretion B) Imprisonment—D can only get out by complying 2) Crim contempt A) Fines B) Imprisonment—D remains for a set period of time 3) NB: constitutional safeguards apply to crim contempt cases 4) Tip: no civil or criminal contempt for noncompliance w/ a money judgment (exceptions: alimony, child support) Tip: injunctive relief is almost always coupled w/ money damages for injuries incurred in the time period prior to obtaining the injunction.

SPECIFIC TORT FACT PATTERN POSSIBILITIES 5

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

What are the traditional and modern rules on protecting?

What are the 2 issues on feasibility of enforcement?

What are examples where a mandatory injunction would be denied?

A. Sets of Basic Bar Exam Questions 1. Set 1: a. Has P been injured b. Has D derived a benefit c. Does P want the property back d. Does P need an injunction 2. Set 2: a. Do the wrongs related to the past only?  if yes, only damages

b. Do the wrongs relate to the future only?  no damages c. Do the wrongs relate to both the past and the future?  all possible B. How to handle compensatory damages measures 1. P is entitled to compensatory damages that would put him/her in the position he would’ve been in had this wrong and resulting injury not occurred. On these facts. . . C. Personal Injury Torts 1. Compensatory damages a. Certainty rules apply for economic losses/special damages b. Certainty rules do not apply for non-economic losses c. Lump sum payments are discounted for present value d. Inflation isn’t taken into account 2. Injunctions: only granted for prospective intentional tortious conduct D. Fraud 1. Damages 2. Constructive trusts/equitable liens 3. NB: always analyze if it should be analyzed as a contracts case and whether PD should apply

What are the factors used in balancing? CONTRACT REMEDIES What are the subfactors in balancing hardship to the public?

When is balancing of hardships particularly prevalent?

What are the 4 defenses?

A. Legal: Damages B. Restitution: 1. Legal: a. Restitutionary Damages b. Replevin c. Ejectment 2. Equitable Restitution a. Constructive trusts b. Equitable Liens C. Equitable remedies 1. Specific Performance 2. Rescission 3. Reformation Legal Damages

What is required for unclean hands?

A. Compensatory 1. Based on injuries to P 2. Requirements: a. Causation b. Foreseeability and proximate cause c. Certainty d. Mitigation 3. Consequential Damages 6

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

a. Availabe for related damages foreseeable at the time of formation b. c.

What is required for laches?

If D wins on laches, can P get anything?

Covers non-standard or special circumstances damages Often tested: the reputation fact pattern: breach caused a foreseeable hit to the reputation 1) Remedy: compensatory damages—discuss the std measure of damages 2) Sub Remedy: consequential damages

B. Nominal: allowed C. Punitive 1. Not allowed 2. Tip: but see if the conduct can be re-characterized as a torts case to get PD D. Liquidated Damages Clause Fact Patterns 1. Test for validity of a liquidated damages clause: a. Damages are very difficult to ascertain of formation b. This was a reasonable forecast of what they would be 2. If valid  P gets only liquidated amount available

3. If invalid  P doesn’t get the liquidated amount but will get compensatory Can you enjoin crime?

4. 5.

damages Tip: if bar question says that either actual damages or liquidated damages are available  invalid clause When a valid liquidated damages award prevents P from getting actual damages, P can nonetheless still get specific performance unless the K specifically provides that this damages amount is to be the only remedy

Who is bound by an injunction? Restitutionary Remedies to Prevent Unjust Enrichment What is an erroneous injunction?

How do you deal w/ an erroneous injunction?

What are the solutions to civil contempt?

What are the solutions to criminal contempt?

Injunctive relief is often coupled w/ what?

A. Fact pattern: P has rendered some performance per K and D has breached or isn’t performing. B. Fact pattern: K is unenforceable due to mistake, lack of capacity, SoF, illegality etc. but P performed 1. If P partially or completely performs, P can recover for the value of the benefit by suing for restitution (and not suing on the K) 2. If the value of the services is greater than the K rate, P can recover for the amount that’s greater than K by suing on restitution 3. Can P get property back? Yes if property is unique or D is insolvent. C. Fact pattern: breached K 1. P as the non-breaching party: a. P can get restitutionary damages for property/money given to or services rendered for D for value of the benefit b. P can get property back if it’s unique or D is insolvent 2. P as the breaching party: a. Traditionally: P cannot recover b. Modern: P can recover but the recovery cannot be greater than the K rate and it will be reduced by any damages suffered by D as a result of breach c. Hypo: P buys land for 100 on installment K. P pays 30% then defaults. Now land is only worth 80. 1) Traditional: P can’t recover 2) Modern: P can get 10 (30-20) Equitable Remedy: Specific Performance A. Checklist: 1. K is valid 7

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

2. K conditions of P must be satisfied 3. Inadequate legal remedy alternative 4. Mutuality of remedy 5. Feasibility of Enforcement 6. Defenses B. K is valid: P must be able to show that K is valid 1. NB: to get SP, P must show the contract terms w/ more certainty and definitenessthan would be the case in an action for money damages at law. Otherwise it would be too difficult to enforce “according to the K’s terms.” C. K conditions of P must be satisfied 1. P must show that he already fulfilled or is ready and able to perform or is excused from performing. 2. Fact patterns on K conditions:

a. Deficiencies and Land Sale K’s: seller doesn’t deliver agreed-upon consideration 1) Seller as P:

A) Can enforce K if the defect is minor B) Cannot enforce if the defect is major, unless seller can cure the defect before or at closing. 2) Buyer as P A) Can enforce K even if defect is major B) NB: court will not enforce the K if the defect is extraordinarily large (ie half the land is missing). Ct will simply refuse to act. 3) Bar Exam Imperative: if you decide that SP should be granted under rules above even though a defect remains, you must note that a court will reduce the purchase price. A) NB: buzzword-abatement in the purchase price

b. Time of the essence fact pattern: B doesn’t meet K condition of timely

What damages are allowed for personal injury torts?

What damages are allowed for fraud?

performance 1) Facts: A) There will be a land sale K w/ an express time is of the essence clause. B) Clause will contain a forfeiture provision saying that if performance isn’t timely, Buyer forfeits all performance rendered to date C) There will have been partial performance which is now potentially subject to forfeiture. 2) Buyer will make a late payment triggering the time is of the essence clause, thus Seller wants to keep land and all the payments to date. 3) Result: A) “Equity abhors forfeitures.”  don’t void B’s rights for mere late tender of payment if: (1) Loss to S is small (2) Tardiness is de minimis (3) Waiver (S has accepted late payments in past) (4) B would suffer undue hardship B) B’s material breach: grant restitution B less S’s damages to prevent unjust enrichment to S c. If time is not of the essence and B breaches by tendering late payment, a court would most likely not allow forfeiture and instead allow the later tender as satisfaction of B’s obligations as long as made w/in a reasonable time and not prejudicial to S. D. Inadequate legal remedy alternative 8

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

1. 2.

What are the Kremedies? Legal? Restitutionary? Equitable?

Compensatory damages = basic alternative Why would they be inadequate: a. Speculative damages b. D is insolvent c. Multiple suits are necessary d. Thing bargained for is unique 3. Tip: the uniqueness prob: a. If property is “unique,” then P can’t go out and buy another. b. Rule: land is unique 1) NB: sellers of land can get specific performance even though all they have coming in is money c. Rule: personal property is not unique. Exceptions: 1) One of a kind or very rare 2) Personal significance to buyer 3) Circumstances make chattel unique 4) Rule: “uniqueness” is tested at time of litigation E. Mutuality of Remedy 1. Fact pattern: B, at 17 years of age, enters into K to buy land from S, an adult. S refuses to convey and B sues for specific performance. 2. Analysis: a. This is a mutuality fact pattern where D would argue that P shouldn’t be allowed to enforce the K against D b/c D could not similarly enforce the K against P. (here b/c of lack of capacity.) b. Judge will reject the mutuality argument if it feels secure that P will perform.

c. Grant SP and have the decree provide for simultaneous performance. Feasibility of Enforcement 1. Fact pattern: SP of a service a. Rule: Services are not specifically enforceable b. Enforcement probs c. Involuntary servitude G. Defenses 1. Equitable Defenses a. Unclea hands b. Laches c. Unconsionability 1) Tested at the time of K formation 2) More than a bad deal, must also have some “smell factor” facts 2. K Defenses a. Mistake b. Misrepresentation c. SoF 3. Bar exam fav: SoF/Partial performance a. Prob will involve a land sale; K will have been an oral K. b. Analysis: 1) P will sue for specific performance. 2) D will argue SoF. 3) P will argue that he has 1) rendered valuable partial performance and 2) in reliance on the K, then P can get SP b/c it’s out of SoF c. “Valuable part performance” 1) Payment in whole or part 2) Possession 3) Valuable improvements 4) Valuable services (modern trend) F.

What are compensatory damages based on?

What are the requirements? (4)

What are consequential damages available for?

What are the requirements for consequential damages?

Can consequential damages be a remedy for reputation injury?

Are nominal damages allowed?

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CA Bar 2009: Remedies

Are punitive damages allowed?

5) Any 2 of the top 3 will be good enough. 4.

When is a liquidated damages clause valid? (2)

What does P get if it is valid?

What does P get if its invalid?

How do you treat a clause that says actual damages or liquidated damages are allowed?

Can P get SP and liquidated damages?

What situations can you use restitution to prevent unjust enrichment?

Bar exam fav: Specific Performance a. Equitable Conversion 1) Where a valid land sale K is entered into, an equitable conversion occurs upon execution  thus after K is signed but before title is conveyed: 2) Seller: retains a personal property interest, ie a specifically enforceable right to the money 3) Buyer: retains a real property interest, ie the specifically enforceable right to land 4) Thus if S transfers title to a BFP, S cuts off B’s right to specific performance but B can still sue for breach of K. b. Rights 1) Majority view: B is liable for purchase price even if there’s property damage before closing 2) Minority and modern trend: risk of loss shifts to B only when he gets possession or legal title c. Death of a party to a K 1) S’s death after entering into a specifically enforceable K A) Legal title passes to heir or devisee who’s entitled to “real property” B) Right to purchase price passes to person who’s entitled to “personal property” C) B must join administrator of estate and heir to sue for specific performance. 2) B’s death after entering into specifically enforceable K A) Interest in land goes to person entitled to his real property B) S must join B’s administrator and heir to sue for SP d. Covenants not to compete 1) Covenant must protect a legitimate interest of the person in whose favor it runs  services must be unique 2) Covenant must be reasonable in both geographic scope and durational scope.

Equitable Remedy: Rescission

If P is the breaching party on an installment land sales K, what result?

A. Def: the original K is considered voidable and rescinded B. Analysis: 1. Grounds for rescission? 2. Valid defenses? C. Grounds for rescission 1. Generally: a. Mistake b. Misrepresentation c. Coercion d. Undue influence e. Lack of capacity f. Failure of consideration g. Illegality 2. Mutual Mistake a. Material fact  rescission granted

b. Collateral fact (going to quality, desirability or fitness of property for a 3.

particular purpose)  rescission denied Unilateral Mistake 10

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

a.

4. What are the requirements for SP? (6)

What must P show to prove validity of K?

Rescission denied b. General Exception: rescission granted if non-mistaken party knows OR should know of the mistake c. Modern Trend Exception: mistaken party would suffer undue hardship if rescission is denied Misrepresentations a. If P actually relied on the misrepresentation  rescission granted

b. If no reliance by P  rescission denied D. Valid defenses 1. Unclean hands 2. Laches 3. Rule: negligence is not a good defense E. More rules 1. Election of remedies a. If P sues (on the K) for damages first  rescission is not allowed (this is considered an affirmance of the K) b. If P sues for rescission first  damages are allowed

c. NB: P can sue for both at the same time but must elect the remedy before 2.

judgment. Availability of restitution a. If a P who is entitled to rescission has previously rendered performance on the K, P can get compensation for it or get the property back by restitution.

What must P show to prove that he satisfied his K obligations? Equitable Remedy: Reformation A. Def: changes written agreement to conform w/ parties’ original understanding B. Requirements: 1. Valid K? 2. Grounds for reformation? 3. Valid defenses? C. Valid K? Even though written agreement doesn’t reflect mutual understanding? D. Grounds 1. Mutual Mistake  reformation granted

2. Unilateral Mistake  reformation denied a. Exception: where non-mistaken party actually knows of the mistake, then 3.

reformation denied (doesn’t include constructive knowledge) Misrepresentation  reformation granted

a. Available for both intentional and innocent misrepresentations b. Rewriting will encompass the expressed intent of the parties If SP should be granted on a land sales K even though a defect remains, what result?

E. Defenses 1. Unclean hands 2. Laches 3. Defenses that won’t work: a. Negligence of P b. SoF c. Parole Evidence Rule F. NB: reformation isn’t allowed where it would adversely affect a subsequent BFP

In a “time is of the essence” land sales K, what result if the “breach” is mere late tender of payment? 11

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

What are the key factors?

In a “time is of the essence” land sales K, what result if B’s breach is material?

If time is not expressly of the essence, and B breaches by tendering late payment, what result?

How can the legal remedy be inadequate?

Can land ever be non-unique?

Can personal property ever be unique?

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CA Bar 2009: Remedies

What is mutuality?

When will a court reject mutuality?

Can services be enforced by SP?

What are the 3 equitable defenses? (3)

What are the K defenses? (3)

How can a land sales K get out of the SoF?

What comprises “valuable part performance?”

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CA Bar 2009: Remedies

What is equitable conversion?

What happens if a BFP enters the picture?

What are the rules on damage to the property after K is signed but before closing date?

What happens to a specifically enforceable K upon the death of S?

What happens to a specifically enforceable K upon the death of B?

What are the requirements for a valid covenant not to compete? (3+1)

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CA Bar 2009: Remedies

What are the requirements for rescission?

What are grounds for rescission?

When is mutual mistake grounds for rescission?

When is unilateral mistake grounds for rescission?

What are valid defenses to rescission?

If P sues on the K and for rescission, what result? 15

CA Bar 2009: Remedies

If P sues for money damages first, what result?

What happens to a P who is entitled to rescission but has partially performed on the K?

What are the requirements for reformation?

What are grounds for rescission?

When is unilateral mistake allowed against rescission?

What are defenses to rescission?

How do you treat a subsequent BFP and rescission of an earlier K?

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