By Vuyo Peter
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Volcanoes
By Vuyo Peter
Pyroclastic flow
The flows are fast-moving currents of hot gas and rock that move at high speed like 700 km/hr. For example during the eruption of Montagne Pelée in 1902 a fully dilute current overwhelmed the city of Saint-Pierre and killed nearly 30,000 people.
Lava Flow
Lava is molten rock expelled by a volcano during eruption. This molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites. When first erupted from a volcanic vent, lava is a liquid at temperatures from 700 °C to 1,200 °C (1,300 °F to 2,200 °F). Although lava is
Ash Cloud
Ash cloud is very dangerous to on going aviation. The worst thing about it is that radars can not tell what it is and sometimes it blends into the clouds so a pilot can not be to sure sometimes.
Volcanic Bomb
A volcanic bomb is a mass of molten rock larger than 65 mm. Made when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption. They cool into solid fragments before they reach the ground. Lava bombs can be thrown many kilometres from an erupting vent, and often acquire aerodynamic shapes during their flight. Bombs can be extremely large, the 1935 eruption of Mount Asama in Japan expelled bombs measuring 5-6 m in diameter up to 600 m from the vent.
Poisonous Gases
Poisonous gas is contained within magma. As the magma rises to the Earth's surface the gases are exsolved. Because some gases are toxic they can suffocate people. Gas escapes from fissures and vents and help to form fumaroles, solfataras and mudpots. Emanations of gas are rarely large enough to cause loss of life. However, 142 people were killed by carbon dioxide from the Deng Plateau in Java.
Lahars
Lahars are mudflows formed by the mixing of volcanic particles and water which often cause a lot of environmental and economical damage. The direct impact of a lahar's turbulent flow front or from the boulders and logs carried by the lahar can easily crush, abrade, or shear off just about anything at ground level in the path of a lahar.
By Vuyo Peter
Pyroclastic flow
The flows are fast-moving currents of hot gas and rock that move at high speed like 700 km/hr. For example during the eruption of Montagne Pelée in 1902 a fully dilute current overwhelmed the city of Saint-Pierre and killed nearly 30,000 people.
Lava Flow
Lava is molten rock expelled by a volcano during eruption. This molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites. When first erupted from a volcanic vent, lava is a liquid at temperatures from 700 °C to 1,200 °C (1,300 °F to 2,200 °F). Although lava is
Ash Cloud
Ash cloud is very dangerous to on going aviation. The worst thing about it is that radars can not tell what it is and sometimes it blends into the clouds so a pilot can not be to sure sometimes.
Volcanic Bomb
A volcanic bomb is a mass of molten rock larger than 65 mm. Made when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption. They cool into solid fragments before they reach the ground. Lava bombs can be thrown many kilometres from an erupting vent, and often acquire aerodynamic shapes during their flight. Bombs can be extremely large, the 1935 eruption of Mount Asama in Japan expelled bombs measuring 5-6 m in diameter up to 600 m from the vent.
Poisonous Gases
Poisonous gas is contained within magma. As the magma rises to the Earth's surface the gases are exsolved. Because some gases are toxic they can suffocate people. Gas escapes from fissures and vents and help to form fumaroles, solfataras and mudpots. Emanations of gas are rarely large enough to cause loss of life. However, 142 people were killed by carbon dioxide from the Deng Plateau in Java.
Lahars
Lahars are mudflows formed by the mixing of volcanic particles and water which often cause a lot of environmental and economical damage. The direct impact of a lahar's turbulent flow front or from the boulders and logs carried by the lahar can easily crush, abrade, or shear off just about anything at ground level in the path of a lahar.
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