Bwcopy Aldehydes And Ketones

Chapter 12 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones Aldehydes and Ketones

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Aldehydes and Ketones In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a carbonyl group O carbonyl group  CH3-C-H In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group O carbonyl group  CH3-C-CH 3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

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Naming Aldehydes IUPAC Replace the -e in the alkane name -al Common Add aldehyde to the prefixes form (1C), acet (2C), propion(3), and butry(4C) O O O    H-C-H CH3-C-H CH3CH2C-H methanal

ethanal

propanal

(formaldehyde) (acetaldehyde) (propionaldehyde)

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Aldehydes as Flavorings O

O

CH

CH

O CH=CH CH

HO OCH3 Benzaldehyde (almonds)

Vanillin (vanilla beans)

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Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon)

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Glucose is an aldehyde O

H C

H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH CH2OH glucose LecturePLUS Timberlake

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Naming Ketones In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is replaced with -one In the common name, add the word ketone after naming the alkyl groups attached to the O carbonyl group O 

O 

CH3 -C-CH3

CH3-C-CH2-CH3

Propanone

2-Butanone

Cyclohexanone

(Dimethyl ketone) (Ethyl methyl ketone) LecturePLUS Timberlake

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Ketones OO



Butter flavor

CH3-C-C-CH3

butanedione

O



Clove flavor

CH3-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 2-heptanone

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Fructose is a Ketone CH2OH C HO

O

C H

H

C

OH

H

C

OH

CH2OH D-Fructose LecturePLUS Timberlake

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Ketones as Hormones CH2OH O

CH3

CH3

O OH

O Cortisone

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Learning Check AK 1 Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or neither(3). O 

A. CH3CH2CCH3 CH3

O



C. CH3-C-CH2CH CH3

B. CH3-O-CH3 O D.

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Solution AK 1 Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or neither(3). O 

A. CH3CH2CCH3 2 CH3

O



C. CH3-C-CH2CH 1 CH3

B. CH3-O-CH3 3 O D.

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Learning Check AK 2 Name the following O

O



A. CH3CH2CCH3 CH3

B.

O



C. CH3-C-CH2CH CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

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Solution AK 2 O



A. CH3CH2CCH3

B.

O

2-butanone (ethyl methyl ketone) CH3

O



C. CH3-C-CH2CH

cyclohexanone

CH3 2,2-dimethylbutanal

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Learning Check AK 3 Draw the structural formulas for each: A. 3-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

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Solution AK 3 Draw the structural formulas for each: CH3 A. 3-Methylpentanal

O 

CH3CHCHCH2CH Br O 

B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal

Br-CH2CHCH O



C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

CH3CHCCH3

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