Building America Net Zero Energy Homes
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U.S. Department of Energy – A Net Zero Energy Home for All Americans
APP Net Zero Energy Home Workshop September 23, 2009 Edward Pollock
What is Building America?
Building America is a public/private partnership focused on systems-based R&D, technology implementation, and cost-shared technical support sponsored* by the US Department of Energy with the goal of developing marketable designs for homes that produce as much energy as they use. use
* All building construction and material costs are provided as cost share by industry partners
1
Zero Energy Home Goals Key Near Term Performance Indicators Reduction in HVAC Capacity 100%
Critical Peak Demand 100%
50
50
0 2010
2015
0 2010
2020
2015
2020
Incremental Home Operating Cost +15%
CO2 Emissions Reduction 100%
0
50
0 2010
2015
-15% 2010
2020
2015
2020
Neutral Cost Goal: Increased Costs are Directly Offset by Utility Bill Savings 2,500
cash flow mortgage
2,000 ,
Total Annual A Costs ($/year) All Ene ergy Related Costs, $
4
“Least Cost” Curve, Using Current Best Available Systems
utility bills Minimum Cost Point
1,500
1
Neutral Cost Line 3
ZEH Systems Research Cost/Performance Target
2 1,000
500
Incremental, Energy Related Mortgage & Replacement Costs
0
0% Reference Building
50%
Source Energy Savings Energy Savings (%)
100%
Christensen, C.; Anderson, R.; Horowitz, S.; Courtney, A.; Spencer, J. (2006). BEopt(TM) Software for Building Energy Optimization: Features and Capabilities. 21 pp.; NREL Report No. TP‐550‐39929.
2
Building America Research Goals Goal of Zero Energy Home by 2020. Target (Energy Savings) by Climate Zones
Increase funding to enable simultaneous research in all five climate zones.
Building Technologies Mission Develop technologies, tools, and standards for making residential and commercial buildings and appliances more energy-efficient, productive, and affordable.
3
Net-Zero Energy Homes (ZEH) use whole-house design to achieve cost neutral net-zero energy consumption. Renewable Energy • Solar PV • Small Wind •Community Scale Renewable
Technical Pathways to ZEH
Envelope • R-30+ with an incremental cost of $2/ft2floor area relative to an R-19 2x6 wall. •R-50 R 50 ceilings •R-10 basements. • Air and Vapor Barriers Windows •R-10 and cost of $20/ft2 (cold climate)
Solar Heating and Cooling •Integrated Soar Thermal & PV Systems •Low-cost solar water heaters for ZEH in cold climates, with levelized cost of energy of 6¢/kWh.
Domestic Hot Water • 30% reduction in annual energy use with $2,000 incremental system cost relative to a gas tankless system with EF=0.8 •Engineered Hot Water Distribution
Space Conditioning and Refrigeration •30% Reduction in system energy use over SEER 18 •Partial load efficiency •Variable capacity •Low mass tight ducts in conditioned space
Lighting •Solid State Lighting luminaire efficacy of 126 lm/W
Lab homes to assess advanced technologies
ZEH-ready envelopes 50% whole house savings
ZEH Prototype Houses
Neutral Cost ZEH Communities
7
Equipment and Components R&D is Required to Meet Needs of Zero Energy Homes
High
Community‐ Scale CHP Efficient Clothes Dryer
Switchable Wall Coatings
ZEH Risk Low
Battery Storage High SEER AC/HP
Low Loss Hot Water Distribution Residential Ice Storage
Low
Low Cost Cold Climate SDHW
Ductless Mini splits Mini‐splits
Next Gen Storage/ Individual House
Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump
Low Cost Ground Source HP Hot Water Heat Recovery
Integrated Desiccant/ Indirect Evap Exchanger Indirect Evap Exchanger (DEvap)
High R Windows Solar Assisted Heat Pumps (heating, hot water)
Attic Integrated Night Sky Radiative Cooling
EC Windows
Cool Attics
Community Scale Seasonal Storage
AC with Dehumidification Mode
ZEH Benefit
Residential DC Power System
Small, High Efficiency Condensing Combo Hot W t /S Water/Space Heating H ti System MELS Control/Residential Energy Management System Building Integrated Thermal Storage
High
Small Volume ZEH Air Handler
8
4
Residential Integration System Research Process Reject
No-Go / Go
Stage 1: System Performance Evaluations
Go/ No-Go
Development of Advanced Components (BT Emerging Technologies, Manufacturers, Other EERE Offices)
Stage 2: Prototype House Evaluations Reject
No-Go / Go
Stage 3: Initial Community-Scale Evaluations (Joule) Reject
Reject
ZEH Technology Pathways Analysis
No-Go / Go Final Evaluations In Occupied Homes
Documentation and Resource Development Products
Go/ No-Go Reject
Handoff for Deployment by: DOE Communications, Energy Star, PATH, NASULGC, NASEO, SEP, ASSERTI, EEBA, Universities, Community Colleges, NAHB Bldg Sys Council, & other organizations
Building America Research Results
• 6 teams
• Over 40,000 homes built to date (Best Practices series and case studies)
5
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR • Over 50,000 homes’ energy performance improved since 2003 – 20% – 40% or more •Programs in 25+ states •Utilities and state energy offices sponsoring • Over 20 states planning to ARRA funds to support activities, even more cities
11
6
How can we increase the volume of retrofits?
13
ELIMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL HPwES Program
7
15
What is the Builders Challenge?
The Builders Challenge recognizes energy leadership and enables excellence in homebuilding: • The EnergySmart Home Scale (E-Scale) provides an “MPG” display of superior energy performance • Quality Criteria ensures optimal occupant health, safety, and comfort with increase building durability • Technical resources increase skills for high-performance, high-quality homes • Marketing tools and resources help gain recognition for excellence
16
8
Goal of Builders Challenge Make a net-zero energy home possible for any American by 2030
17
EnergySmart Home Scale
• Builders Challenge qualified homes may use a special E-Scale with the Building America/Builders Challenge logo and “meets the Builders Challenge” banner.
9
What Does this All Mean? 1. Users generally know what they want in a Rating: – Asset-based rating – National system, with ratings performed by trained 3rd parties – Rating produces a uniform metric allowing comparisons – Rating is “accurate” – Includes building upgrade recommendations p Rating g accuracy y without adding g to the 2. Methods to improve cost of a rating are needed. 3. A clear distinction must be made between an energy Rating, a home label, a home certification, and rating tools. Users sometimes confuse these.
What Does this All Mean?
4. Broad industry data comparing Ratings to actual use g confidence in Rating’s g ability y to is critical to building accurately predict savings. This confidence will spark innovation in financial instruments, program to reduce load/consumption, and marketing of energy efficiency. 5. Interoperability of rating software could bring efficiencies to the rating process.
10
Users Agree with the Concept of Integrated Rating Tools • Data from one l l feeds level f d into i t the next • Software tools have consistent, compatible data files • Level of detail varies, but a Rating’s “indication” is consistent
Online Screening
In-Home Survey Diagnostic Home Survey
RESNET HERS Rating
Comprehensive Energy Audit
EnergySmart Home Scale
22
11
Key Elements 1.
Clear way to measure, verify, and convey home energy performance
2.
Transparent process for builders of all sizes, in all regions, to join the Challenge and be active
3.
Abundant technical and marketing resources enabling builders to use “best practices” from Building America R&D
4.
Strong partnerships with associations, NGOs, states, brokers, and d researchers h
5.
Increased consumer outreach to drive demand
23
Elements of Success • Target for Builders Challenge starts at 70 and moves progressively toward zero by 2030 • Based on cost-neutral constr ction construction
24
12
Elements of Success Strong partnerships • Nearly 250 partners, including an extensive network of existing high performance home programs, manufacturers, verifiers raters, verifiers, raters and media partners
25
Making a Difference
• More than 1 1,800 800 homes qualified since summer 2008 • Energy Performance Ratings (EPR), range from 70 to -3, averaging 63 • 417 builders • 400 partners participating (raters, manufacturers, program and resources partners) • Saving 1.6 million dollars every year – a savings of nearly 1.6 million MMBTUs over the next 30 years
26
13
Contact Information Building America Web Site: www.buildingamerica.gov Builders Challenge Website: www.buildingamerica.gov/challenge
Questions? Edward Pollock 202-586-577 [email protected]
Builders Challenge 301-889-0017 [email protected]
27
14
APP Net Zero Energy Home Workshop September 23, 2009 Edward Pollock
What is Building America?
Building America is a public/private partnership focused on systems-based R&D, technology implementation, and cost-shared technical support sponsored* by the US Department of Energy with the goal of developing marketable designs for homes that produce as much energy as they use. use
* All building construction and material costs are provided as cost share by industry partners
1
Zero Energy Home Goals Key Near Term Performance Indicators Reduction in HVAC Capacity 100%
Critical Peak Demand 100%
50
50
0 2010
2015
0 2010
2020
2015
2020
Incremental Home Operating Cost +15%
CO2 Emissions Reduction 100%
0
50
0 2010
2015
-15% 2010
2020
2015
2020
Neutral Cost Goal: Increased Costs are Directly Offset by Utility Bill Savings 2,500
cash flow mortgage
2,000 ,
Total Annual A Costs ($/year) All Ene ergy Related Costs, $
4
“Least Cost” Curve, Using Current Best Available Systems
utility bills Minimum Cost Point
1,500
1
Neutral Cost Line 3
ZEH Systems Research Cost/Performance Target
2 1,000
500
Incremental, Energy Related Mortgage & Replacement Costs
0
0% Reference Building
50%
Source Energy Savings Energy Savings (%)
100%
Christensen, C.; Anderson, R.; Horowitz, S.; Courtney, A.; Spencer, J. (2006). BEopt(TM) Software for Building Energy Optimization: Features and Capabilities. 21 pp.; NREL Report No. TP‐550‐39929.
2
Building America Research Goals Goal of Zero Energy Home by 2020. Target (Energy Savings) by Climate Zones
Increase funding to enable simultaneous research in all five climate zones.
Building Technologies Mission Develop technologies, tools, and standards for making residential and commercial buildings and appliances more energy-efficient, productive, and affordable.
3
Net-Zero Energy Homes (ZEH) use whole-house design to achieve cost neutral net-zero energy consumption. Renewable Energy • Solar PV • Small Wind •Community Scale Renewable
Technical Pathways to ZEH
Envelope • R-30+ with an incremental cost of $2/ft2floor area relative to an R-19 2x6 wall. •R-50 R 50 ceilings •R-10 basements. • Air and Vapor Barriers Windows •R-10 and cost of $20/ft2 (cold climate)
Solar Heating and Cooling •Integrated Soar Thermal & PV Systems •Low-cost solar water heaters for ZEH in cold climates, with levelized cost of energy of 6¢/kWh.
Domestic Hot Water • 30% reduction in annual energy use with $2,000 incremental system cost relative to a gas tankless system with EF=0.8 •Engineered Hot Water Distribution
Space Conditioning and Refrigeration •30% Reduction in system energy use over SEER 18 •Partial load efficiency •Variable capacity •Low mass tight ducts in conditioned space
Lighting •Solid State Lighting luminaire efficacy of 126 lm/W
Lab homes to assess advanced technologies
ZEH-ready envelopes 50% whole house savings
ZEH Prototype Houses
Neutral Cost ZEH Communities
7
Equipment and Components R&D is Required to Meet Needs of Zero Energy Homes
High
Community‐ Scale CHP Efficient Clothes Dryer
Switchable Wall Coatings
ZEH Risk Low
Battery Storage High SEER AC/HP
Low Loss Hot Water Distribution Residential Ice Storage
Low
Low Cost Cold Climate SDHW
Ductless Mini splits Mini‐splits
Next Gen Storage/ Individual House
Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump
Low Cost Ground Source HP Hot Water Heat Recovery
Integrated Desiccant/ Indirect Evap Exchanger Indirect Evap Exchanger (DEvap)
High R Windows Solar Assisted Heat Pumps (heating, hot water)
Attic Integrated Night Sky Radiative Cooling
EC Windows
Cool Attics
Community Scale Seasonal Storage
AC with Dehumidification Mode
ZEH Benefit
Residential DC Power System
Small, High Efficiency Condensing Combo Hot W t /S Water/Space Heating H ti System MELS Control/Residential Energy Management System Building Integrated Thermal Storage
High
Small Volume ZEH Air Handler
8
4
Residential Integration System Research Process Reject
No-Go / Go
Stage 1: System Performance Evaluations
Go/ No-Go
Development of Advanced Components (BT Emerging Technologies, Manufacturers, Other EERE Offices)
Stage 2: Prototype House Evaluations Reject
No-Go / Go
Stage 3: Initial Community-Scale Evaluations (Joule) Reject
Reject
ZEH Technology Pathways Analysis
No-Go / Go Final Evaluations In Occupied Homes
Documentation and Resource Development Products
Go/ No-Go Reject
Handoff for Deployment by: DOE Communications, Energy Star, PATH, NASULGC, NASEO, SEP, ASSERTI, EEBA, Universities, Community Colleges, NAHB Bldg Sys Council, & other organizations
Building America Research Results
• 6 teams
• Over 40,000 homes built to date (Best Practices series and case studies)
5
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR • Over 50,000 homes’ energy performance improved since 2003 – 20% – 40% or more •Programs in 25+ states •Utilities and state energy offices sponsoring • Over 20 states planning to ARRA funds to support activities, even more cities
11
6
How can we increase the volume of retrofits?
13
ELIMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL HPwES Program
7
15
What is the Builders Challenge?
The Builders Challenge recognizes energy leadership and enables excellence in homebuilding: • The EnergySmart Home Scale (E-Scale) provides an “MPG” display of superior energy performance • Quality Criteria ensures optimal occupant health, safety, and comfort with increase building durability • Technical resources increase skills for high-performance, high-quality homes • Marketing tools and resources help gain recognition for excellence
16
8
Goal of Builders Challenge Make a net-zero energy home possible for any American by 2030
17
EnergySmart Home Scale
• Builders Challenge qualified homes may use a special E-Scale with the Building America/Builders Challenge logo and “meets the Builders Challenge” banner.
9
What Does this All Mean? 1. Users generally know what they want in a Rating: – Asset-based rating – National system, with ratings performed by trained 3rd parties – Rating produces a uniform metric allowing comparisons – Rating is “accurate” – Includes building upgrade recommendations p Rating g accuracy y without adding g to the 2. Methods to improve cost of a rating are needed. 3. A clear distinction must be made between an energy Rating, a home label, a home certification, and rating tools. Users sometimes confuse these.
What Does this All Mean?
4. Broad industry data comparing Ratings to actual use g confidence in Rating’s g ability y to is critical to building accurately predict savings. This confidence will spark innovation in financial instruments, program to reduce load/consumption, and marketing of energy efficiency. 5. Interoperability of rating software could bring efficiencies to the rating process.
10
Users Agree with the Concept of Integrated Rating Tools • Data from one l l feeds level f d into i t the next • Software tools have consistent, compatible data files • Level of detail varies, but a Rating’s “indication” is consistent
Online Screening
In-Home Survey Diagnostic Home Survey
RESNET HERS Rating
Comprehensive Energy Audit
EnergySmart Home Scale
22
11
Key Elements 1.
Clear way to measure, verify, and convey home energy performance
2.
Transparent process for builders of all sizes, in all regions, to join the Challenge and be active
3.
Abundant technical and marketing resources enabling builders to use “best practices” from Building America R&D
4.
Strong partnerships with associations, NGOs, states, brokers, and d researchers h
5.
Increased consumer outreach to drive demand
23
Elements of Success • Target for Builders Challenge starts at 70 and moves progressively toward zero by 2030 • Based on cost-neutral constr ction construction
24
12
Elements of Success Strong partnerships • Nearly 250 partners, including an extensive network of existing high performance home programs, manufacturers, verifiers raters, verifiers, raters and media partners
25
Making a Difference
• More than 1 1,800 800 homes qualified since summer 2008 • Energy Performance Ratings (EPR), range from 70 to -3, averaging 63 • 417 builders • 400 partners participating (raters, manufacturers, program and resources partners) • Saving 1.6 million dollars every year – a savings of nearly 1.6 million MMBTUs over the next 30 years
26
13
Contact Information Building America Web Site: www.buildingamerica.gov Builders Challenge Website: www.buildingamerica.gov/challenge
Questions? Edward Pollock 202-586-577 [email protected]
Builders Challenge 301-889-0017 [email protected]
27
14
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