Break Up Of Soviet Union1
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Aim:Why did the Soviet union break up? Do now: Define: Glasnost Perestroika – from the handout Identify: Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin Home work # 5 Describe causes of Communism’s collapse in Soviet Union – refer to pages 846-847
What were the two reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev? • In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the Soviet leader. To improve social and economic conditions, Gorbachev developed two new programs. • These programs were known as Perestroika(restructuring), and glassnost(openness)
What is perestroika? • It was an economic program to make the Soviet economy more efficient. • Citizens gained the right to set up their own businesses. Heads of large factories were told to make their plants profitable.
What is glassnost? • It is a political reform which granted increased freedom of speech and the press to Soviet citizens
How did these reforms improve the relations with the west? • In 1987, and in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union signed major nuclear arms reduction treaties. Gorbachev ordered Soviet forces out of Afghanistan in 1989. He also stopped supporting Marxist governements and movements around the world to end the economic drain on the country.
• How did these reforms improve the relations with the west? • In 1987, and in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union signed major nuclear arms reduction treaties. Gorbachev ordered Soviet forces out of Afghanistan in 1989. He also stopped supporting Marxist governements and movements around the world to end the economic drain on the country.
How did the reforms cause the collapse of communism and the break up of Soviet Union? • Some communists opposed Gorbachev, believing that his reforms were ruining the Soviet Union and violating the teachings of Marx. In 1991, these communists led an unsuccessful coup against Gorbachev. To lessen the power of the communists, Gorbachev resigned from the party. The Soviet Parliament suspended all party activities.
Effects of the reforms – Cont • To lessen the power of the communists, Gorbachev resigned from the party. The Soviet Parliament suspended all party activities. The Communists party no longer controlled the government, the economy or the military.
• Effects of the Reforms • Gorbachev continued his reforms. In spite of his efforts, Russia, Ukraine, and the 13 other republics that had once formed the Soviet Union declared their independence. At the end of 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president. Most of the former Soviet republics then formed the Common wealth of Independent States (CIS).
• Boris Yeltsin • Boris Yeltsin was elected president of the Republic of Russia in 1990. He had been a leader in the Communist Party and had supported Gorbachev’s reforms. Yeltsin maintained good relations with the West. • Severe economic problems hampered his efforts.
Aim: How has the fall of Communism changed Europe and the world? • Do Now: Read the hand out • H.W. #6 • Describe the Fall of Communism in two Eastern European countries. Page # 867870
How did the Eastern Europe change to democracy? • The reforms of Gorbachev had sparked demands for democracy and national independence. Poland , East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, and other countries of Eastern Europe broke away from Soviet control. Through much of the region, there were attempts to enact democratic reforms and make the transition from a command economy to a market economy.
• How did Poland become democratic? • In the 1980’s in Poland, economic hardships caused labor unrest. Led by Lech Walesa, workers organized Solidarity, an independent trade union. With millions of members, Solidarity called for political change.
• Poland becomes a democratic nation • At first, the Soviet Union tried to suppress Solidarity. International pressure as well as internal pressure led to elections in Poland. In 1989, Lech walesa was elected the first president of Poland.
• East and West Germany united • By 1989, East German leaders could no longer count on support from the Soviet Union. A rising wave of protests forced the communist government from power. In November 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down by joyous Germans.
• New nations and civil wars • Czechoslovakia split peacefully in to two separate countries, the Czech republic and Slovakia. • Elsewhere, ethnic divisions often resulted in open warfare. – Ex. Armenia and Azerbaijan
• Turmoil in the Balkans • In the Balkan peninsula, ethnic conflict ripped the multinational state of Yugoslavia. After the fall of communism, Croatia, Slovania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia separated from Yugoslavia and became independent states.
• Ethnic Cleansing • The breakup of Yugoslavia did not come peacefully. In newly independent Bosnia, for example, Serbs tried to remove nonSerbs by force. Many Bosnians became refugees and other were brutalized or killed. This policy of removing or killing people of a certain ethnic group became known as ethnic cleansing.
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What were the two reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev? • In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the Soviet leader. To improve social and economic conditions, Gorbachev developed two new programs. • These programs were known as Perestroika(restructuring), and glassnost(openness)
What is perestroika? • It was an economic program to make the Soviet economy more efficient. • Citizens gained the right to set up their own businesses. Heads of large factories were told to make their plants profitable.
What is glassnost? • It is a political reform which granted increased freedom of speech and the press to Soviet citizens
How did these reforms improve the relations with the west? • In 1987, and in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union signed major nuclear arms reduction treaties. Gorbachev ordered Soviet forces out of Afghanistan in 1989. He also stopped supporting Marxist governements and movements around the world to end the economic drain on the country.
• How did these reforms improve the relations with the west? • In 1987, and in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union signed major nuclear arms reduction treaties. Gorbachev ordered Soviet forces out of Afghanistan in 1989. He also stopped supporting Marxist governements and movements around the world to end the economic drain on the country.
How did the reforms cause the collapse of communism and the break up of Soviet Union? • Some communists opposed Gorbachev, believing that his reforms were ruining the Soviet Union and violating the teachings of Marx. In 1991, these communists led an unsuccessful coup against Gorbachev. To lessen the power of the communists, Gorbachev resigned from the party. The Soviet Parliament suspended all party activities.
Effects of the reforms – Cont • To lessen the power of the communists, Gorbachev resigned from the party. The Soviet Parliament suspended all party activities. The Communists party no longer controlled the government, the economy or the military.
• Effects of the Reforms • Gorbachev continued his reforms. In spite of his efforts, Russia, Ukraine, and the 13 other republics that had once formed the Soviet Union declared their independence. At the end of 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president. Most of the former Soviet republics then formed the Common wealth of Independent States (CIS).
• Boris Yeltsin • Boris Yeltsin was elected president of the Republic of Russia in 1990. He had been a leader in the Communist Party and had supported Gorbachev’s reforms. Yeltsin maintained good relations with the West. • Severe economic problems hampered his efforts.
Aim: How has the fall of Communism changed Europe and the world? • Do Now: Read the hand out • H.W. #6 • Describe the Fall of Communism in two Eastern European countries. Page # 867870
How did the Eastern Europe change to democracy? • The reforms of Gorbachev had sparked demands for democracy and national independence. Poland , East Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, and other countries of Eastern Europe broke away from Soviet control. Through much of the region, there were attempts to enact democratic reforms and make the transition from a command economy to a market economy.
• How did Poland become democratic? • In the 1980’s in Poland, economic hardships caused labor unrest. Led by Lech Walesa, workers organized Solidarity, an independent trade union. With millions of members, Solidarity called for political change.
• Poland becomes a democratic nation • At first, the Soviet Union tried to suppress Solidarity. International pressure as well as internal pressure led to elections in Poland. In 1989, Lech walesa was elected the first president of Poland.
• East and West Germany united • By 1989, East German leaders could no longer count on support from the Soviet Union. A rising wave of protests forced the communist government from power. In November 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down by joyous Germans.
• New nations and civil wars • Czechoslovakia split peacefully in to two separate countries, the Czech republic and Slovakia. • Elsewhere, ethnic divisions often resulted in open warfare. – Ex. Armenia and Azerbaijan
• Turmoil in the Balkans • In the Balkan peninsula, ethnic conflict ripped the multinational state of Yugoslavia. After the fall of communism, Croatia, Slovania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia separated from Yugoslavia and became independent states.
• Ethnic Cleansing • The breakup of Yugoslavia did not come peacefully. In newly independent Bosnia, for example, Serbs tried to remove nonSerbs by force. Many Bosnians became refugees and other were brutalized or killed. This policy of removing or killing people of a certain ethnic group became known as ethnic cleansing.
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