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PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES TABLE OF CONTENTS NO
TITLE
PAGE
1
1.0 In class activities
2
2
2.0 Introduction
3
3
2.1 Title
3
2.1.1 Reason for choosing the title
3
2.1.2 General purpose
3
2.1.3 Specific purpose
3
2.1.4 Central ideas
3
2.1.4.1 Definition of HIV
3
2.1.4.2 Symptoms of HIV
5
2.1.4.3 The Effect and Causes of HIV
6
2.1.4.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV
7
2.1.4.5 The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get Married
7
3.0 Body
8
3.1 Definition of HIV
8
3.2 Symptoms of HIV
9
3.3 The Effect and Causes of HIV
10
3.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV
11
3.5 The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get Married
12
4
4.0 Conclusion
13
5
References
14
6
Evaluation form
15
7
CD
16 Page 1
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES
1.0 IN CLASS ACTIVITIES Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Date 6/1/2009 13/1/2009 20/1/2009 27/1/2009 3/2/2009 10/2/2009 17/2/2009 24/2/2009 3/3/2009 10/3/2009 17/3/2009 24/3/2009 31/3/2009 7/4/2009 11/4/2009-
Class activities Introduction to BEL492 Lectures on public speaking Lectures on introduction Mid term break (Chinese New Year) Lectures on preparation outline Lectures on student portfolio Lectures on bibliography Presentation1 Trip to Bank Negara Malaysia and Pemodalan Nasional Berhad Briefing about preparation outline Class cancel Presentation 2 – 1st group Presentation 2 – 2nd group Lecture Study leave
16
19/4/2009 20/4/2009-
Final examination
17
10/5/2009 11/5/2009
Semester break
2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1
Title: “Premarital HIV Testing is Important to Wedding Couples”
2.1.1 Reason for Choosing the Title: 2.1.1.1 I am choosing this title because I am concerns regarding the rise in HIV infection among women in recent years where statistics shows that in Malaysia women (aged 15+) living with HIV in 2007 are about 21,000. 2.1.2 General Purpose: To inform
Page 2
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.3 Specific purpose: To inform the audience that the premarital HIV testing which has become official to Muslims couples in Malaysia is important and should be extended to all religions. 2.1.4 Central Ideas: 2.1.4.1 Definition of HIV 2.1.4.1.1 According to Wikipedia(2009) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus1 (a member of the retrovirus family) that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).
2.1.4.1.2 Jill Cadman (July 2003) states that HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus that causes AIDS. While many viruses can be controlled by the immune system, HIV targets and infects the same immune system cells that are supposed to protect us from illnesses. These are a type of white blood cell called CD42 cells. HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that pro-
1
Lentivirus:"slow" virus characterized by a long interval between infection and the onset of symptoms. HIV is a lentivirus as is the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which infects nonhuman primates. 2
CD4+ T cells: white blood cells that orchestrate the immune response, signaling other cells in the immune system to perform their special functions. Also known as T helper cells, these cells are killed or disabled during HIV infection.
Page 3
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES duce thousands of viral copies. As the virus grows, it damages or kills CD4 cells, weakening the immune system.
2.1.4.1.3 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body’s natural defense system. Without a strong immune system, the body has trouble fighting off disease. Both the virus and the infection it causes are called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV invades and destroys certain white blood cells called CD4+ cells. If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection. The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a low number of CD4+ cells and get infections or cancers that rarely occur in healthy people. These can be deadly.
2.1.4.2 Symptoms of HIV 2.1.4.2.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV may not cause symptoms early on. People who do have symptoms may mistake them for the flu or mono. Common early symptoms include: 2.1.4.2.1.1 Fever 2.1.4.2.1.2 Sore throat Page 4
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.4.2.1.3 Headache 2.1.4.2.1.4 Muscle aches and joint pain 2.1.4.2.1.5 Swollen glands3 2.1.4.2.1.6 Skin rash
2.1.4.2.2 Unknown author from www.epigee.org/health/hiv (2009) said that as the infection progresses, people with HIV grow increasingly susceptible to illnesses and infection that don't normally affect the healthy population. Without treatment, people infected with HIV can expect to develop AIDS eight to ten years after HIV infection. Taking HIV medications, however, can slow down this progression. In the later stages of HIV, before it progresses to full blown AIDS, signs of HIV infection can involve more severe symptoms include:
2.1.4.2.2.1 Chronic yeast infections or thrush 2.1.4.2.2.2 Fever and/or night sweats 2.1.4.2.2.3 Easy bruising 2.1.4.2.2.4 Bouts of extreme exhaustion 2.1.4.2.2.5 Unexplained body rashes
3
The term "swollen glands" refers to enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. In a child, a node is considered enlarged if it is more than 1 centimeter (0.4 inch) in diameter.
Page 5
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.4.2.2.6 Appearance of purplish lesions on the skin or inside mouth 2.1.4.2.2.7 Sudden unexplained weight loss 2.1.4.2.2.8 Chronic diarrhea lasting for a month or more
2.1.4.3 The Effect and Causes of HIV 2.1.4.3.1 According to Sandra K. Trisdale, Ph.D (July 2003) HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV cannot be spread by casual contact such as kissing or sharing drinking glasses with an infected person. You can get HIV from: 2.1.4.3.1.1 Infected blood 2.1.4.3.1.2 Semen 2.1.4.3.1.3 Vaginal fluids 2.1.4.3.1.4 Mother-to-child
2.1.4.3.1.5 Sexual contact. 2.1.4.3.1.6 Sharing drug needles
2.1.4.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV
Page 6
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.4.4.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV can be spread by people who don't know they are infected. To protect yourself and others: 2.1.4.4.1.1
Practice safe sex
2.1.4.4.1.2
Don't have more than one sex partner at a time
2.1.4.4.1.3
Talk to your partner before you have sex the first time
2.1.4.4.1.4
Don't drink a lot of alcohol or use illegal drugs before sex
2.1.4.4.1.5
Don't share personal items
2.1.4.4.1.6
Never share needles or syringes with anyone
2.1.4.5 The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get married 2.1.4.5.1 Unknown author from www.medscape.com (2007) said that the advantages of having HIV testing are: 2.1.4.5.1.1 Couples are free from any problem that can affect their family relationship 2.1.4.5.1.2 Couples can have a good and healthy lifestyle 2.1.4.5.1.3 It can prevent the babies from being infected by HIV 2.1.4.5.1.4 Reduce HIV transmission from being spread to other person
3.0 BODY 3.1
Definition of HIV 3.1.1 According to Wikipedia(2009) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that can lead to acquired immunPage 7
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES odeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).
3.1.2 Jill Cadman (July 2003) states that HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus that causes AIDS. While many viruses can be controlled by the immune system, HIV targets and infects the same immune system cells that are supposed to protect us from illnesses. These are a type of white blood cell called CD4 cells. HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that produce thousands of viral copies. As the virus grows, it damages or kills CD4 cells, weakening the immune system.
3.1.3 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body’s natural defense system. Without a strong immune system, the body has trouble fighting off disease. Both the virus and the infection it causes are called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV invades and destroys certain white blood cells called CD4+ cells. If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection.The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a low number of CD4+ cells and get infections or cancers that rarely occur in healthy people. These can be deadly.
3.2
Symptoms of HIV
Page 8
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.2.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV may not cause symptoms early on. People who do have symptoms may mistake them for the flu or mono. Symptoms may appear from a few days to several weeks after a person is first infected. The early symptoms usually go away within 2 to 3 weeks. Common early symptoms include: 3.2.1.1 Fever 3.2.1.2 Sore throat 3.2.1.3 Headache 3.2.1.4 Muscle aches and joint pain 3.2.1.5 Swollen glands (swollen lymph nodes4) 3.2.1.6 Skin rash 3.2.2 Unknown author (2009) said that as the infection progresses, people with HIV grow increasingly susceptible to illnesses and infection that don't normally affect the healthy population. Without treatment, people infected with HIV can expect to develop AIDS eight to ten years after HIV infection. Taking HIV medications, however, can slow down this progression. With treatment, it can take ten to 15 years or more before you develop AIDS. In the later stages of HIV, before it progresses to full blown AIDS, signs of HIV infection can involve more severe symptoms include: 3.2.2.1 Chronic yeast infections or thrush (yeast infection of the mouth) 3.2.2.2 Fever and/or night sweats 3.2.2.3 Easy bruising 3.2.2.4 Bouts of extreme exhaustion
4
Lymph nodes are glands that play an important part in your body's defense against infection. They produce lymph, which travels throughout your body in the lymph system, and filters impurities from the body
Page 9
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.2.2.5 Unexplained body rashes 3.2.2.6 Appearance of purplish lesions on the skin or inside mouth
3.3
3.2.2.7
Sudden unexplained weight loss
3.2.2.8
Chronic diarrhea5 lasting for a month or more
The Effect and Causes of HIV 3.3.1 According to Sandra K. Trisdale, Ph.D (July 2003) HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV cannot be spread by casual contact such as kissing or sharing drinking glasses with an infected person. You can get HIV from: 3.3.1.1 Infected blood (blood-to-blood contact) 3.3.1.2 Semen 3.3.1.3 Vaginal fluids 3.3.1.4 Mother-to-child (breast milk) 3.3.1.5 Sexual contact. Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV (no condoms or other barrier devices) 3.3.1.6 Another common way of getting the virus is by sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV
3.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV 5
Diarrhea- loose, watery stools occurring more than three times in one day--is a common problem that usually lasts a day or two and goes away on its own without any special treatment.
Page 10
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.4.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV can be
spread
by people who don't know they are infected. To protect yourself and others: 3.4.1.1 Practice safe sex. Use a condom every time you have sex (including oral sex) until you are sure you and your partner are not infected with HIV. 3.4.1.2 Don't have more than one sex partner at a time. The safest sex is with one partner who has sex only with you. 3.4.1.3 Talk to your partner before you have sex the first time. Find out if he or she is at risk for HIV. Get tested together and retested 6 months later. Use condoms in the meantime. 3.4.1.4 Don't drink a lot of alcohol or use illegal drugs before sex. You might let down your guard and not practice safe sex. 3.4.1.5 Don't share personal items, such as toothbrushes or razors6. 3.4.1.6 Never share needles or syringes with anyone.
3.5
6
The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get married
A razor is a bladed tool primarily used in the shaving off of unwanted body hair.
Page 11
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.5.1 Unknown author from www.medscape.com (2007) said that the advantages of having HIV testing are: 3.5.1.1 Couples are free from any problem that can affect their family relationship 3.5.1.2 Couples can have a good and healthy lifestyle 3.5.1.3 It can prevent the babies from being infected by HIV 3.5.1.4 Reduce HIV transmission from being spread to other person
Page 12
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 4.0 CONCLUSION As the conclusion wedding couples should have HIV testing before they get married in order to have a good and happy family. The compulsory pre-marital HIV testing especially for Muslims aims to prevent the transmission from spouse to spouse or to future offspring. However, the HIV test is only useful at that point in time; it does not guarantee one or both parties will not be exposed to future risk of HIV. After all persons can lead full and healthy live for his/her entire life with their love by having premarital HIV testing before they get married.
Page 13
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES REFERENCES http://aids.about.com http://health.yahoo.com/article/healthwise--hw151408-credits/ http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/global?page=cr08-my-00 http://www.epigee.org/health/hiv_symptoms.html http://www.globalhealth.gov/ http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/h/hiv_aids/causes.htm www.fast-accurate-hiv-testing.com www.HelpTheHumanity.org www.iasociety.org www.private-hiv-test.com www.wikipedia.com
Page 14
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES
EVALUATION FORM
NAME: NUR ATHIRAH BT NGAH CODE: BACHELOR OF FINANCE (BM222) BEL CODE: BEL492 CLASS: BBHR3A
Preparation Format Introduction Body Conclusion Language Total
/5 /1 /0.5 /5 /0.5 /8 /20
Page 15
TITLE
PAGE
1
1.0 In class activities
2
2
2.0 Introduction
3
3
2.1 Title
3
2.1.1 Reason for choosing the title
3
2.1.2 General purpose
3
2.1.3 Specific purpose
3
2.1.4 Central ideas
3
2.1.4.1 Definition of HIV
3
2.1.4.2 Symptoms of HIV
5
2.1.4.3 The Effect and Causes of HIV
6
2.1.4.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV
7
2.1.4.5 The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get Married
7
3.0 Body
8
3.1 Definition of HIV
8
3.2 Symptoms of HIV
9
3.3 The Effect and Causes of HIV
10
3.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV
11
3.5 The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get Married
12
4
4.0 Conclusion
13
5
References
14
6
Evaluation form
15
7
CD
16 Page 1
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES
1.0 IN CLASS ACTIVITIES Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Date 6/1/2009 13/1/2009 20/1/2009 27/1/2009 3/2/2009 10/2/2009 17/2/2009 24/2/2009 3/3/2009 10/3/2009 17/3/2009 24/3/2009 31/3/2009 7/4/2009 11/4/2009-
Class activities Introduction to BEL492 Lectures on public speaking Lectures on introduction Mid term break (Chinese New Year) Lectures on preparation outline Lectures on student portfolio Lectures on bibliography Presentation1 Trip to Bank Negara Malaysia and Pemodalan Nasional Berhad Briefing about preparation outline Class cancel Presentation 2 – 1st group Presentation 2 – 2nd group Lecture Study leave
16
19/4/2009 20/4/2009-
Final examination
17
10/5/2009 11/5/2009
Semester break
2.0 INTRODUCTION 2.1
Title: “Premarital HIV Testing is Important to Wedding Couples”
2.1.1 Reason for Choosing the Title: 2.1.1.1 I am choosing this title because I am concerns regarding the rise in HIV infection among women in recent years where statistics shows that in Malaysia women (aged 15+) living with HIV in 2007 are about 21,000. 2.1.2 General Purpose: To inform
Page 2
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.3 Specific purpose: To inform the audience that the premarital HIV testing which has become official to Muslims couples in Malaysia is important and should be extended to all religions. 2.1.4 Central Ideas: 2.1.4.1 Definition of HIV 2.1.4.1.1 According to Wikipedia(2009) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus1 (a member of the retrovirus family) that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).
2.1.4.1.2 Jill Cadman (July 2003) states that HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus that causes AIDS. While many viruses can be controlled by the immune system, HIV targets and infects the same immune system cells that are supposed to protect us from illnesses. These are a type of white blood cell called CD42 cells. HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that pro-
1
Lentivirus:"slow" virus characterized by a long interval between infection and the onset of symptoms. HIV is a lentivirus as is the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which infects nonhuman primates. 2
CD4+ T cells: white blood cells that orchestrate the immune response, signaling other cells in the immune system to perform their special functions. Also known as T helper cells, these cells are killed or disabled during HIV infection.
Page 3
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES duce thousands of viral copies. As the virus grows, it damages or kills CD4 cells, weakening the immune system.
2.1.4.1.3 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body’s natural defense system. Without a strong immune system, the body has trouble fighting off disease. Both the virus and the infection it causes are called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV invades and destroys certain white blood cells called CD4+ cells. If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection. The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a low number of CD4+ cells and get infections or cancers that rarely occur in healthy people. These can be deadly.
2.1.4.2 Symptoms of HIV 2.1.4.2.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV may not cause symptoms early on. People who do have symptoms may mistake them for the flu or mono. Common early symptoms include: 2.1.4.2.1.1 Fever 2.1.4.2.1.2 Sore throat Page 4
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.4.2.1.3 Headache 2.1.4.2.1.4 Muscle aches and joint pain 2.1.4.2.1.5 Swollen glands3 2.1.4.2.1.6 Skin rash
2.1.4.2.2 Unknown author from www.epigee.org/health/hiv (2009) said that as the infection progresses, people with HIV grow increasingly susceptible to illnesses and infection that don't normally affect the healthy population. Without treatment, people infected with HIV can expect to develop AIDS eight to ten years after HIV infection. Taking HIV medications, however, can slow down this progression. In the later stages of HIV, before it progresses to full blown AIDS, signs of HIV infection can involve more severe symptoms include:
2.1.4.2.2.1 Chronic yeast infections or thrush 2.1.4.2.2.2 Fever and/or night sweats 2.1.4.2.2.3 Easy bruising 2.1.4.2.2.4 Bouts of extreme exhaustion 2.1.4.2.2.5 Unexplained body rashes
3
The term "swollen glands" refers to enlargement of one or more lymph nodes. In a child, a node is considered enlarged if it is more than 1 centimeter (0.4 inch) in diameter.
Page 5
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.4.2.2.6 Appearance of purplish lesions on the skin or inside mouth 2.1.4.2.2.7 Sudden unexplained weight loss 2.1.4.2.2.8 Chronic diarrhea lasting for a month or more
2.1.4.3 The Effect and Causes of HIV 2.1.4.3.1 According to Sandra K. Trisdale, Ph.D (July 2003) HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV cannot be spread by casual contact such as kissing or sharing drinking glasses with an infected person. You can get HIV from: 2.1.4.3.1.1 Infected blood 2.1.4.3.1.2 Semen 2.1.4.3.1.3 Vaginal fluids 2.1.4.3.1.4 Mother-to-child
2.1.4.3.1.5 Sexual contact. 2.1.4.3.1.6 Sharing drug needles
2.1.4.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV
Page 6
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 2.1.4.4.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV can be spread by people who don't know they are infected. To protect yourself and others: 2.1.4.4.1.1
Practice safe sex
2.1.4.4.1.2
Don't have more than one sex partner at a time
2.1.4.4.1.3
Talk to your partner before you have sex the first time
2.1.4.4.1.4
Don't drink a lot of alcohol or use illegal drugs before sex
2.1.4.4.1.5
Don't share personal items
2.1.4.4.1.6
Never share needles or syringes with anyone
2.1.4.5 The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get married 2.1.4.5.1 Unknown author from www.medscape.com (2007) said that the advantages of having HIV testing are: 2.1.4.5.1.1 Couples are free from any problem that can affect their family relationship 2.1.4.5.1.2 Couples can have a good and healthy lifestyle 2.1.4.5.1.3 It can prevent the babies from being infected by HIV 2.1.4.5.1.4 Reduce HIV transmission from being spread to other person
3.0 BODY 3.1
Definition of HIV 3.1.1 According to Wikipedia(2009) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that can lead to acquired immunPage 7
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES odeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. Previous names for the virus include human T-lymphotropic virus-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV).
3.1.2 Jill Cadman (July 2003) states that HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus that causes AIDS. While many viruses can be controlled by the immune system, HIV targets and infects the same immune system cells that are supposed to protect us from illnesses. These are a type of white blood cell called CD4 cells. HIV takes over CD4 cells and turns them into virus factories that produce thousands of viral copies. As the virus grows, it damages or kills CD4 cells, weakening the immune system.
3.1.3 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, the body’s natural defense system. Without a strong immune system, the body has trouble fighting off disease. Both the virus and the infection it causes are called HIV. White blood cells are an important part of the immune system. HIV invades and destroys certain white blood cells called CD4+ cells. If too many CD4+ cells are destroyed, the body can no longer defend itself against infection.The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). People with AIDS have a low number of CD4+ cells and get infections or cancers that rarely occur in healthy people. These can be deadly.
3.2
Symptoms of HIV
Page 8
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.2.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV may not cause symptoms early on. People who do have symptoms may mistake them for the flu or mono. Symptoms may appear from a few days to several weeks after a person is first infected. The early symptoms usually go away within 2 to 3 weeks. Common early symptoms include: 3.2.1.1 Fever 3.2.1.2 Sore throat 3.2.1.3 Headache 3.2.1.4 Muscle aches and joint pain 3.2.1.5 Swollen glands (swollen lymph nodes4) 3.2.1.6 Skin rash 3.2.2 Unknown author (2009) said that as the infection progresses, people with HIV grow increasingly susceptible to illnesses and infection that don't normally affect the healthy population. Without treatment, people infected with HIV can expect to develop AIDS eight to ten years after HIV infection. Taking HIV medications, however, can slow down this progression. With treatment, it can take ten to 15 years or more before you develop AIDS. In the later stages of HIV, before it progresses to full blown AIDS, signs of HIV infection can involve more severe symptoms include: 3.2.2.1 Chronic yeast infections or thrush (yeast infection of the mouth) 3.2.2.2 Fever and/or night sweats 3.2.2.3 Easy bruising 3.2.2.4 Bouts of extreme exhaustion
4
Lymph nodes are glands that play an important part in your body's defense against infection. They produce lymph, which travels throughout your body in the lymph system, and filters impurities from the body
Page 9
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.2.2.5 Unexplained body rashes 3.2.2.6 Appearance of purplish lesions on the skin or inside mouth
3.3
3.2.2.7
Sudden unexplained weight loss
3.2.2.8
Chronic diarrhea5 lasting for a month or more
The Effect and Causes of HIV 3.3.1 According to Sandra K. Trisdale, Ph.D (July 2003) HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV cannot be spread by casual contact such as kissing or sharing drinking glasses with an infected person. You can get HIV from: 3.3.1.1 Infected blood (blood-to-blood contact) 3.3.1.2 Semen 3.3.1.3 Vaginal fluids 3.3.1.4 Mother-to-child (breast milk) 3.3.1.5 Sexual contact. Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV (no condoms or other barrier devices) 3.3.1.6 Another common way of getting the virus is by sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV
3.4 Ways to prevent from getting HIV 5
Diarrhea- loose, watery stools occurring more than three times in one day--is a common problem that usually lasts a day or two and goes away on its own without any special treatment.
Page 10
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.4.1 According to Maria G. Essig, MS, ELS (06/06/2007) the HIV can be
spread
by people who don't know they are infected. To protect yourself and others: 3.4.1.1 Practice safe sex. Use a condom every time you have sex (including oral sex) until you are sure you and your partner are not infected with HIV. 3.4.1.2 Don't have more than one sex partner at a time. The safest sex is with one partner who has sex only with you. 3.4.1.3 Talk to your partner before you have sex the first time. Find out if he or she is at risk for HIV. Get tested together and retested 6 months later. Use condoms in the meantime. 3.4.1.4 Don't drink a lot of alcohol or use illegal drugs before sex. You might let down your guard and not practice safe sex. 3.4.1.5 Don't share personal items, such as toothbrushes or razors6. 3.4.1.6 Never share needles or syringes with anyone.
3.5
6
The Advantages of Having HIV Testing before get married
A razor is a bladed tool primarily used in the shaving off of unwanted body hair.
Page 11
PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 3.5.1 Unknown author from www.medscape.com (2007) said that the advantages of having HIV testing are: 3.5.1.1 Couples are free from any problem that can affect their family relationship 3.5.1.2 Couples can have a good and healthy lifestyle 3.5.1.3 It can prevent the babies from being infected by HIV 3.5.1.4 Reduce HIV transmission from being spread to other person
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PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES 4.0 CONCLUSION As the conclusion wedding couples should have HIV testing before they get married in order to have a good and happy family. The compulsory pre-marital HIV testing especially for Muslims aims to prevent the transmission from spouse to spouse or to future offspring. However, the HIV test is only useful at that point in time; it does not guarantee one or both parties will not be exposed to future risk of HIV. After all persons can lead full and healthy live for his/her entire life with their love by having premarital HIV testing before they get married.
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PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES REFERENCES http://aids.about.com http://health.yahoo.com/article/healthwise--hw151408-credits/ http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/global?page=cr08-my-00 http://www.epigee.org/health/hiv_symptoms.html http://www.globalhealth.gov/ http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/h/hiv_aids/causes.htm www.fast-accurate-hiv-testing.com www.HelpTheHumanity.org www.iasociety.org www.private-hiv-test.com www.wikipedia.com
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PREMARITAL HIV TESTING IS IMPORTANT TO WEDDING COUPLES
EVALUATION FORM
NAME: NUR ATHIRAH BT NGAH CODE: BACHELOR OF FINANCE (BM222) BEL CODE: BEL492 CLASS: BBHR3A
Preparation Format Introduction Body Conclusion Language Total
/5 /1 /0.5 /5 /0.5 /8 /20
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