Blu-ray Disc

A TECHNICAL PAPER PRESENTATION On

BLU-RAY DISC

PRESENTED BY RAMSWAROOP SINGH T CSE-IIIYEAR Roll No: 05C71A0547

K ASHWANTH KUMAR CSE-IIIYEAR Roll No: 05C71A0546

ABSTRACT Blu-ray disc (BD) is a next generation

“blue” (technically

optical disc format meant for storage of

that allows it to store substantially

high definition video and high –density

more data than a DVD, which has the

data. As compared to the HDVD

same physical dimensions but uses a

format,

longer wavelength(650 nm red laser).

its main competitor, Blu-ray

blue-violet)

laser

has more information capacity per There are plans for BD-ROM (read

layer, 25 instead of 15 gigabytes. Blu-

only), BD (recordable) and BD-RE

ray dics not only have more storage capacity they

than

also

(rewritable) drives for PCS and with

traditional DVDs, but

offer

a

new

level

the support of the manufacturers, it’s

of

very likely that the technology will be

interactivity. Users will be able to

adopted as the next-generation optical

connect to the internet and instantly download

subtitles

and

disc format for PC data storage and

other

replace technologies such as DVD+-

interactive movie features. Blu-ray

gets

its

name

from

shorter wavelength (405 nm) of

R, DVD+-RW, and DVD+-RAM.

the a

2

INTRODUCTION TO BLU-RAY DISC A current, single-sided, standard DVD

requires a disc with about five times

can

of

more storage. As TV sets and movie

Information. That's about the size of an

studios make the move to high definition

average two-hour, standard-definition

consumers are going to need playback

movie with a few extra features. But a

systems with a lot more storage capacity.

hold

4.7

GB

(gigabytes)

high-definition movie, which has a much Blu-ray is the next-generation digital clearer

image

(see

how

Digital video disc. It can record, store and play

Television Works), takes up about five back high definition video and digital times more bandwidth and therefore audio, as well as computer data.

The advantage to BIu-ray is the sheer amount of information it can hold:

3

•

A single-layer BIu-ray disc, which is •

roughly the same size as a DVD, can

A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 54 GB, enough to hold about

hold up to 27 GB of data that's more

4.5 hours of high-definition video or

than two hours of high-definition

more than 20 hours of standard video

video or about 13 hours of standard

..

video.

BLU-RAY VS. DVD CAPACITY

ADVANTAGES OF BLU_RAY DISC: •

Record High-Definition Television (HDTV) without any quality loss.

•

4

Instantly skip to any spot on the disc.

•

•

Record one program while watching another on the disc

•

Create play lists.

•

Edit programs recorded on the disc.

Automatically search for an empty space

on

the

disc

to avoid

recording over a program. •

Access the web to down load subtitles and other extra features

WORKING OF BLU_RAY: Discs store digitally encoded video and

wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red

audio

spiral

laser (650 nano meters). The smaller

grooves that run from the center of the

beam focuses more precisely, enabling it

disc to its edges. A laser reads the other

to read information recorded in pits that

side of these pits the bumps to play the

are not only 0.15 microns long this is

movie or program that is stored on the

more than twice as small as the pits on a

DVD. The more data that is contained on

DVD.Plus, Blue-ray has reduced the

a disc, the smaller and more closely

track pitch from 0.74 microns to 0.32

packed the pits must be. The smaller the

microns. The smaller pits, smaller beam

pita (and therefore the bumps), the more

and shorter track pitch together enable a

precise the reading laser must be.

single-layer Blu-ray disc to hold more

Unlike current DVD’s, which use a red

than 25GB of information about five

laser to read and write data, Blu-ray uses

times the amount of information that can

a blue laser (which is where the format

be stores on a DVD.

information

in

pits

gets its name). A blue laser has a shorter

5

Each BIu-ray disc is about the same

separate beams. If the beam is split too

thickness (1.2 millimeters) as a DVD.

widely, the disc cannot be read. Also, if

But the two types of discs store data

the DVD surface is not exactly flat, and

differently. In a DVD, the data is

is therefore not exactly perpendicular to

sandwiched between two polycarbonate

the beam, it can lead to a problem

layers, each O.6-mm thick. Having a

known as disc tilt, in which the laser

polycarbonate layer on top of the data

beam is distorted. All of these issues lead

can

to

cause

a

problem

called

birefringence, in which the substrate

a

very

involved

manufacturing

process.

layer refracts the laser light into two

BUILDING OF BLU-RAY: The BIu-ray disc overcomes DVD-

birefringence and therefore prevents

reading issues by placing the data on top

readability problems. And, with the

of a l.l-mmthick polycarbonate layer.

recording layer sitting closer to the

Having

objective lens of the reading mechanism,

the data

on

top prevents

6

the problem of disc tilt is virtually

the outside of the disc to protect it from

eliminated. Because the data is closer to

scratches and fingerprints.

the surface, a hard coating is placed on

The design of the BIu-ray discs saves on

2. The recording layer is added to one of the discs.

manufacturing costs. Traditional DVDs 3. The two discs are glued together. are built by injection molding the two BIu-ray discs only do the injectionO.6-mm

discs

between

which

the molding process on a single I.I-mm disc,

recording layer is sandwiched. The which reduces cost. hat savings balances process must be done very carefully to out the cost of adding the protective prevent birefringence. layer, so the end price is no more than 1. The two discs are molded.

the price of a regular DVD.

7

BLU-RAY VS OTHER NEW DISC FORMATS: Will Blu-ray replace previous DVDs?

release of video in both formats on a

Its manufactures hope so. In

the

single disc. But Blu-ray is not alone in

meantime JVC has developed a Blu-ray

the marketplace. A few other formats are

/DVD combo disc with an approximate

competeting for a share of DVD market.

33.5GB capacity, allowing

for

the

HD-DVD: The other big player is HD_DVD,

hold 20 GB of data; a double –layer

also called

Optical

disc can hold 30 GB(that’s compared

Disc), which DVD and can therefore

to 27 GB and 50 GB for Blu-ray).

be

same

The read-only versions hold slightly less

costs. The

data. Also, HD_DVD doesn’t offer the

AOD(Advanced

manufactured

equipment, saving

with on

the

disadvantage is that it can’t match the

interactive

storage

although it will probably be less

capacity

of

Blu-ray.

A

rewritable, single layer HD_DVD can

capabilities

of

Blu-ray ,

expensive than its competitor

OTHER COMPETETORS: Blu-ray and HD-DVD are the two

standard DVD. Taiwan has created the

major

Forwarded Versatile Disc(FVD),

competitors

in

the

market,

there are other contenders, as well.

upgraded

Warner Bros. Pictures has developed its

that allows for more data storage

own system, called HD-DVD-9. This

capacity (5.4 GB on a single –sided

system uses a higher compression rate

disc and 9.8 GB on a double-sided

to put more information (about two

disc). And China has introduced the

hours of high –definition video) on a 8

version

of today’s

an

DVDs

Enhanced Video Disc (EVD), another

former

high-defnition video disc

broadcasters and AV studios. The latter

There are also professional versions of

is

the Blu laser technology. Sony has

storage

developed

servers).

XDCAM

and

ProData

(Professional Disc for Data).

is

designed

primarily (for

for

use

for commercial example ,backing

by

data up

The

WHEN WILL BLUE RAY BECOME AVAILABLE Blu-ray recorders are already available

definition

in Japan, where more consumers have

happen by late 2005 or 2006), BIu-

access to HDTV than in the United

ray movies and TV shows on disc

States. Outside of Japan, once more

should become widely available. But

TV sets come equipped with a high-

the format is already available for

definition tuner and more films and

home

television shows are produced in high-

recording and data storage.

9

( which

is

expected

recording,

to

professional

Another important factor is cost. Just as

price will drop to within 10 percent

with most new technologies, Blu-ray

of the price of current DVDs.

equipment will be pricey at first. In Even when the new video standard 2003, Sony released its first BIu-ray begins to replace current technologies, recorder in Japan with a price tag of consumers won't have to throw away around $3,000. The price is expected to their DVDs, but they will need to drop as the format gains popularity. Bluinvest in a new player. The industry is ray discs may also be initially more planning expensive

than

today's DVDs,

to

market

backward-

but compatible drives with both blue and

once demand grows and they can be red lasers, which will be able to play mass-produced, manufacturers say the traditional DVDs and CDs as well as Blu-ray discs.

APPLICA TIONS:

10

The Play station 3 will be the first Bluray accessable player.

Sony has announced that the PlayStation 3 will be shipped with a Blu-Ray drive,

The first BIu-Ray recorder was unveiled but possibly just a read-only one. Sony's by Sony and was introduced to the machine will also support BD-ROM preJapanese market. JVC and Samsung recorded media, which are expected to Electronics announced Blu-ray based be available in early 2006. products at IFA in Berlin, Germany.

PC DATA STORAGE Blu-ray drives currently in production

prototypes with a 108 Mbit/s transfer

can transfer approximately 36 Mbit/s (54

rate are in development. Rates of 8x or

Mbit/s for BD-ROM), but 2x speed

more are planned for the future.

Hewlett Packard has announced plans to

technology. Philips was scheduled to

sell Blu-ray-equipped desktop PCs and

debut a Blu-ray computer drive in the

laptops.

HP

second half of 2005, but it was also

announced that they would also be

delayed. On March 10, 2005 Apple

supporting

In

December

the

rival

2005,

HD

DVD 11

Computer joined the Blu-ray Disc Association.

CONCLUSION: Blu-ray disc has been a consistent

works to develop a disc with twice

road

that amount of storage.

map

to

emerging

disc

technologies. Blue-ray can store up to

It’s very likely that the technology

54 GB, enough to hold about 4.5

will

hours of high -definition video or

generation optical disc format for PC

more than 20 hours of standard video.

data storage and replace technologies

And

such

there

are

even plans

in

the

be

adopted

as

as

the

DVD+-R, DVD+-RW, and

DVD-RAM.

REFERENCES: TEXT BOOKS: 1. Complete Guide to Digital Audio

By—Chris Middleton.

2. The Digital Bits Insider Guide to DVD

By—Bill Hunt

3. DVD Demystified

By – Jim Taylor

WEBSITES: 1. www.howstuffworks.com 2. www.blue-ray.com

12

next