Blood Vessels
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)William Harvey )1578-1657 In 1628William Harvey described accurately the blood circulatory system though he could not figure out how blood was transferred from arteries to veins. The riddle was solved a few years after Harvey’s death byMarcello Malpighi, who using the newly-invented microscope discovered the capillary network.Harvey was the first person to adopt the scientific method for the solution of biological problems. Every true scientist, .since, has followed Harvey’s approach
Functions of blood Transport of: O2 and CO2 Nutrients Metabolic waste Enzymes and hormones Acid-base balance Clotting reaction Defense against toxins and pathogens Body temperature homeostasis
Blood circulatory systems Pulmonary system
Systemic system
Blood circulatory systems
Pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems
Blood vessels Large veins Medium veins Venules Capillary bed
Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries Arterioles Capillary bed
Endothelial cells • All blood and lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells • The total number of endothelial cells is enormous )estimated as 6 x 1023 cells) • Endothelial cells cover an enormous area )700-1000m2) • Total weight of all endothelial cells is about 1.5kg • Endothelial cells have many functions including secretion of a wide range of local factors )such as nitric oxide)
Blood vessels of the hand
”Gunter van Hagen ”Korperwelten
Blood vasculature of upper body
”Gunter van Hagen ”Korperwelten
Blood vasculature of the head
”Gunter van Hagen ”Korperwelten
General structure of blood vessels Muscular artery Venule
General structure of blood vessels
Small muscular artery
Small muscular artery
Small muscular artery
Small muscular artery – elastin stain
Small muscular artery
Arterial elastic membranes
Medium artery – elastic stain
Aorta – elastic stain
Aorta Elastic membranes ofT. media
Elastic membranes of aorta
Arrows indicate nuclei of smooth muscle cells
Neurovascular bundle Nerve bundles
Arteriole
Venule
Microcirculation arteriole venule capillary
arteriole
Vessels of mesentery
Arterioles and venules
Small vein with valves
Small vein
Vein with valve
Microvasculature
Microvasculature
Capillaries
Capillaries )Endothelial cells )arrows
Capillaries draining into a venule
Venule
Microvasculature
Continuous and fenestrated capillaries
Capillary from cardiac muscle
Pinocytosis in continuous capillary
Endothelial cell
Fenestrated capillary
Fenestrae
Characteristics of blood vessels and function
Blood vascular disorders • • • • • • •
Inflammation Aneurysm Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Hypertension Deep vein thrombosis Varicose veins
Lymphatic vascular system
Lymph capillary
)Lymphatic vessel )with valves
)Lymphatic vessel )lymph node
Arteriole ,vein ,lymph vessels )Lymph node hilus)
Vessels in portal area of liver
Lymphatic vessel in loose connective tissue
arteriole
lymphatic vessel venule
Lymphatic capillary
Circulation of lymphocytes
Functions of blood Transport of: O2 and CO2 Nutrients Metabolic waste Enzymes and hormones Acid-base balance Clotting reaction Defense against toxins and pathogens Body temperature homeostasis
Blood circulatory systems Pulmonary system
Systemic system
Blood circulatory systems
Pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems
Blood vessels Large veins Medium veins Venules Capillary bed
Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries Arterioles Capillary bed
Endothelial cells • All blood and lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells • The total number of endothelial cells is enormous )estimated as 6 x 1023 cells) • Endothelial cells cover an enormous area )700-1000m2) • Total weight of all endothelial cells is about 1.5kg • Endothelial cells have many functions including secretion of a wide range of local factors )such as nitric oxide)
Blood vessels of the hand
”Gunter van Hagen ”Korperwelten
Blood vasculature of upper body
”Gunter van Hagen ”Korperwelten
Blood vasculature of the head
”Gunter van Hagen ”Korperwelten
General structure of blood vessels Muscular artery Venule
General structure of blood vessels
Small muscular artery
Small muscular artery
Small muscular artery
Small muscular artery – elastin stain
Small muscular artery
Arterial elastic membranes
Medium artery – elastic stain
Aorta – elastic stain
Aorta Elastic membranes ofT. media
Elastic membranes of aorta
Arrows indicate nuclei of smooth muscle cells
Neurovascular bundle Nerve bundles
Arteriole
Venule
Microcirculation arteriole venule capillary
arteriole
Vessels of mesentery
Arterioles and venules
Small vein with valves
Small vein
Vein with valve
Microvasculature
Microvasculature
Capillaries
Capillaries )Endothelial cells )arrows
Capillaries draining into a venule
Venule
Microvasculature
Continuous and fenestrated capillaries
Capillary from cardiac muscle
Pinocytosis in continuous capillary
Endothelial cell
Fenestrated capillary
Fenestrae
Characteristics of blood vessels and function
Blood vascular disorders • • • • • • •
Inflammation Aneurysm Atherosclerosis Arteriosclerosis Hypertension Deep vein thrombosis Varicose veins
Lymphatic vascular system
Lymph capillary
)Lymphatic vessel )with valves
)Lymphatic vessel )lymph node
Arteriole ,vein ,lymph vessels )Lymph node hilus)
Vessels in portal area of liver
Lymphatic vessel in loose connective tissue
arteriole
lymphatic vessel venule
Lymphatic capillary
Circulation of lymphocytes
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