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BIOLOGY INCOMPATIBLE FOOD Be careful what you eat every day

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Contents

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD BIOLOGY PROJECT

1. INTRODUCTION 2. CORROBORATION 3. RUMOUR 4. PRINCIPLE 5. TREATMENT 6. IMPROVEMENT 7. REFERENCE 8. GROUP MEMBERS BIOLOGY PROJECT

Introduction

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD BIOLOGY PROJECT

 How much do you know about food you eat every day ?  Do you know which of the following matches is wrong ?

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INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

Matches

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+

=

+

=

+

= BIOLOGY PROJECT

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

Matches

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= Calcium oxalate

= BIOLOGY PROJECT

Corroboration

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD BIOLOGY PROJECT

Apricot Chocolate + Milk Egg/milk + Sugar BIOLOGY PROJECT

Corroboration

APRICOT INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 APRICOT( 杏仁 )

 Containing cyanogenic glycoside ( 生氰葡萄糖 ) formed by glycine ( 甘氨酸 ) • A type of amino acid • Chemical formula : C2H5NO2

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Cyanide

APRICOT INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 In plants

Glycine Glycine Cyanogenic Glycoside  Cyanide

( 氰化物

)

 Gastric juice in stomach ︰ CN- + H+  HCN

Especially Cassava, Cassava BIOLOGY PROJECT

Excess Consumption

APRICOT INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Cyanide toxication symptoms  Vomiting  Serious headache

 Pant( 氣喘 )  Heart Failure

CN

−

 Death (HCN = 50mg, NaCN/KCN = 200 ~ 300 mg)

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Principle

APRICOT INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Principle of cyanide toxication  Mitochondrion contains ︰ • Cytochrome oxidase ( 細胞色素氧化酶 )

 Cyanide restrains the function of above 3+ − 2+ enzyme R − Fe + e → R − Fe be produced 1  ATP cannot O2 + 2 R − Fe 2+ → 2 R − Fe3+ + O 2− Cells die 2 O 2 − + 2 H + → H 2O BIOLOGY PROJECT

APRICOT

Detoxication Of Cyanide

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Detoxication of cyanide in human body  Rhodanase( 硫氰酸酶 ) rich in liver  It catalyzes : S2O

23

-

+ CN SO

23

-

+ SCN

 SCN- (Thiosulphate) is harmless  Thiosulphate is excreted BIOLOGY PROJECT

Treatment

APRICOT

CN

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Treatment of cyanide toxication

−

 Sodium Thiosulphate Na2S2O3 ． 5H2O ( 硫代 硫酸 鈉)

 Amyl Nitrite C5H11NO2 ( 亞硝酸 異戍 脂 )  Sodium Nitrite NaNO2 ( 亞硝 酸鈉 )  Methylene blue C16H18N3ClS ( 亞甲藍 )  4-dimethylaminophenol (4- 二甲氨 基苯 酚 )

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Chocolate + milk

CHOCOLATE + MILK INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Chocolate contains ︰

 Oxalic acid (COOH)2 ． 2H2O ( 草酸 )  Milk are rich in calcium Ca  When they mix :  (COOH)2 ． 2H2O + Ca  (COO)2Ca ． 2H2O + H2

 Calcium oxalate BIOLOGY PROJECT

Effects

CHOCOLATE + MILK INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Calcium oxalate  Precipitate (Insoluble)

(COO ) Ca • 2 H 2O

 Irritates stomach & intestine  Causes stones (2結石 ) (50% ~ 70%)  Severe pain  Blocking the flow of urine  Infection

 Influences absorption of calcium  Osteoporosis ( 骨質疏鬆症 ) BIOLOGY PROJECT

Treatment

CHOCOLATE + MILK INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Passing the stone via urine  A painful process

 Shock wave lithotrities  Surgery

( 碎石 )

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Prevention

CHOCOLATE + MILK INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Oxalate restriction  To absorb more calcium  To eat more citrus fruits (citrate)  A complexor of calcium

 To drink more water  To prevent the following matches ︰  Spinach + tofu BIOLOGY PROJECT

Improvement

CHOCOLATE + MILK INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 In chocolate milk products  Contains food additives  E417, E407, E410  They are stabilizers  These products are safe BIOLOGY PROJECT

Egg/milk + sugar

CHOCOLATE + MILK INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Eggs/milk are rich in amino acid  Sugar contains fructose (C6H12O6)  When they mix ︰  Fructose + amino acid  Fructose-amino acid( 果糖氨基酸 ) • Reaction temperature ︰ >90℃ • Maillard reaction ( 美拉德反應 ) BIOLOGY PROJECT

Effects

CHOCOLATE + MILK INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Fructose-amino acid  Harmful

 Difficult to digest it  When enter the blood ︰ • Cause thrombus ( 凝血 ) • Death BIOLOGY PROJECT

Rumours

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD BIOLOGY PROJECT

Lemon + Shrimp Crab + Persimmon

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Rumours

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD BIOLOGY PROJECT

 Read the following news ︰ 

在台灣，一名女人突然無緣無故的七孔流血暴斃，一夜之間，就奔赴黃泉 , 大家下回可要多多注意囉！經過初步驗屍 . 斷定為因砒霜中毒而死亡。那砒霜從何 而來？ 警員展開了深入而廣泛的調查。一名醫學院的教授被邀趕來協助破案。 教授仔細地察看了死者胃中取物，不到半個小時，暴斃之謎便揭曉。教授說： 「死者並非自殺，亦不是被殺，而是死於無知的『它殺』」！ 大家莫名其妙，何為『它殺』！？ 那砒霜又是從何而來？ 教授說：「砒霜是在死者腹內產生的。」死者生前每天也會服食「維生素 C 」， 這完全沒有問題！問題出在她晚餐吃了大量的蝦，吃蝦本身也是沒有問題的，所 以她的家人吃了都沒有事，但死者卻同時服用了「維他命 C 」，問題就出在這裡 ! 美國芝加哥大學的研究人員，通過實驗發現，蝦等軟殼類食物含有大量濃度較高 的－五鉀砷化合物。 這種物質食入體內，本身對人體並無毒害作用！但是， 在服用「維生素 C 」 之後，由於化學作用，使原來無毒的－五鉀砷 ( 即砷酸酐，亦稱五氧化砷，其化學 式為 As205) ，轉變為有毒的三鉀砷 ( 即亞砷酸酐 ) ，又稱為三氧化二砷，其化學式 為 (As203) ，這就是人們俗稱的砒霜 ! 砒霜有原漿毒作用，能麻痺毛細血管，抑制巰基梅的活性，並使肝臟脂變肝小葉 中心壞死，心、肝、腎、腸充血，上皮細胞壞死，毛細血管擴張。故中其毒而死 者，常是七孔出血。 所以；為慎重起見，在服用「維生素 C 」期間，應當忌食蝦類。

 Source ︰ Internet

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Rumours

LEMON + SHRIMP INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Lemon contains Vitamin C  Shrimp contains

Arsenic(V) oxide As2O5

( 砷酸酐 )

 When they mix ︰  Arsenic(V)  Arsenic(III)  As2O3 ( 砒霜 )

 As2O3 is poisonous. (0.1g ~ 0.2g) BIOLOGY PROJECT

Occurrence

LEMON + SHRIMP INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Reaction conditions  6 ~ 14kg shrimps  High conc. of vitamin C & As2O5  High temperature  Actually  Cooking temperature destroys vitamin C  High conc. of vitamin C  faster peristalsis  diarrhoea( 肚瀉 ) BIOLOGY PROJECT

Rumours

CRAB + PERSIMMON INCOMPATIBLE FOOD

 Crab + Persimmon = toxication ?  Scientists had done an experiment  Crab + persimmon 8 mice & dogs  8 mice & dogs had no toxication

 Be careful

 Crab + persimmon  tannate BIOLOGY PROJECT

Reference

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD BIOLOGY PROJECT

 Web sites ︰       

http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/cyanide_f_V1.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide http://www.wedar.com/library4/jacky-qa000517.htm http://iask.sina.com.cn/browse/browse_detail.php?qid=249465 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide http://www.google.com.hk http://hk.yahoo.com/

 Books ︰  食物相剋與藥物相剋  營養風險速查手冊  飲食與健康 BIOLOGY PROJECT

Group members

INCOMPATIBLE FOOD BIOLOGY PROJECT

 Group leader ︰

 Leung Ka Ho 4D(27)  Group members ︰

 Hong Hing 4D(14)  Cheung Ka Hang 4D(06)  Cheong Shok Yuen 4D(05) BIOLOGY PROJECT

BIOLOGY

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