Biology Ix

  • June 2020
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III

saWmlis momnelebeli sistema

§4 sakvebis moneleba kuWSi sakvebis moneleba Tormetgoja nawlavSi

kuWi saWmlis momnelebeli milis yvelaze gafarToebuli nawilia. masSi sakvebi yovndeba 4-6 saaTi.

kuWis lorwovani garsi

kuWis lorwovani garsi danaoWebulia. masSi didi raodenobiTaa jirkvali, romelic kuWis wvens gamoimuSavebs. 1 ratomaa kuWis lorwovani garsi danaoWebuli?

kuWis wveni

fermentebi

0.5 % marilmJava

lorwo

kuWis jirkvlebis ujredebis nawili lorwos gamoyofs, nawili _ marilmJavas, xolo nawili fermentebs _ proteazebs. kuWis proteazebi cilis makromolekulebs SedarebiT mcire zomis monakveTebad _ peptidebad Slis. cila

proteaza

peptidebi

+

+

kuWis wvenis mTavari proteaza pepsinia. marilmJavas zemoqmedebiT pepsini araaqtiuri mdgomareobidan aqtiur mdgomareobaSi gadadis. 26

cilebze kuWis wvenis moqmedebis sademonstraciod CaatareT cda: gaWeriT moxarSuli kvercxis cila or Tanabar nawilad. erT sinjaraSi moaTavseT cilis erTi mTliani naWeri, xolo meoreSi _ wvrilad daWrili meore naWeri. orive sinjaraSi CaasxiT aT-aTi mililitri kuWis wveni, sinjarebi kargad SeanjRrieT da daayovneT 24 saaTi.

1

10 ml. kuWis wveni cilis naWeri

2 3

2

danawevrebuli cila

romel sinjaraSi daiSala cila ukeTesad? rogor axsniT amas? kvebis dros ras gaiTvaliwinebT cdis Sedegebis mixedviT?

albaT, Cndeba kiTxva: Tu proteazebi da marilmJava Slis cilas, maTTan erTad ratom ar xdeba kuWis kedlis moneleba, ujredi xom ZiriTadad ciliTaa agebuli? kuWis kedlebi daculia lorwovani garsiT, romelic garkveul bariers qmnis kuWis kedelsa da 1 kuWis wvens Soris. damcvelobiTi barieris darRvevis SemTxvevaSi proteazebi da marilmJava ujredis kedels `gamoWamen~. warmoiqmneba wyluli. procesis gaRrmavebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia daziandes kuWis kedlis yvela Sre da kedelSi xvreli gaCndes. am dros kuWis SigTavsi muclis RruSi iRvreba, rac Zlier sa2 SiSia sicocxlisTvis da saswrafo qirurgiul Carevas moiTxovs. 1. kuWi; 2. kuWis wyluli. kuWis wveni sadezinfeqcio xsnaris msgavsad moqmedebs _ anadgurebs sakvebTan erTad moxvedrili baqteriebis umravlesobas. 4 daakvirdiT ilustraciaze gluvi kunTebis ganlagebas kuWis kedelSi. axseniT, ra mniSvneloba aqvs maT sakvebis monelebis procesSi? kuWis kedliT organizmSi Seiwoveba mcire raodenobiT wyali da marilebi, zogierTi samkurnalo preparati da alkoholi. kuWSi gaTxevadebuli sakvebi wvril nawlavSi ulufebad igzavneba. kuWis kedlis agebuleba

27

wvrili nawlavi saWmlis momnelebeli milis yvelaze grZeli nawilia (4,5-9 m). Tormetgoja nawlavi wvrili nawlavis dasawyisia. 5 ivaraudeT, ratom uwodes mas Tormetgoja? Tormetgoja nawlavSi ixsneba ori didi jirkvlis _ kuWqveSa jirkvlisa 3 da RviZlis sadinari. kuWqveSa jirkvlis, anu pankreasis wvens aqvs tute reaqcia da masSi fermentebis mTeli nakrebia, 1 romlebic maqsimalur aqtivobas, kuWis 4 fermentebisgan gansxvavebiT, aseT areSi 2 avlenen. pankreasis proteazebi agrZeleben jer 5 kidev kuWSi dawyebul cilis daSlas, amilazebi naxSirwylebs _ glukozamde, xolo lipaza cximebs glicerinad da cxi1. kuWi; 2. Tormetgoja nawlavi; 3. RviZli; movan mJavebad Slis. 4. naRvlis buSti; 5. kuWqveSa jirkvali.

naRveli

1

2

cximis emulgireba: 1. cximis wveTi; 2. cximis molekulebi.

lipazas naRveli aaqtiurebs. naRveli RviZlis sekretia. is grovdeba naRvlis buStSi da mxolod maSin gadadis TormetgojaSi, roca iq sakvebi xvdeba. naRvlis moqmedebiT erT wveTad Sekruli aTasobiT cximis molekula erTmaneTisgan gancalkevdeba _ emulgirdeba.

ra mniSvneloba unda hqondes cximis emulgirebas misi monelebisTvis? naRveli nawlavebis peristaltikas aZlierebs da sakvebi biZgebiT wvrili nawlavis qveda ganyofilebebSi igzavneba. 6

kuWSi sakvebis moneleba kuWis wveniT mimdinareobs. kuWis wveni momnelebel fermentebs _ proteazebs Seicavs. isini aqtiurebi arian mxolod mJava areSi, romelsac kuWis wvenSi arsebuli marilmJava qmnis. Tormetgoja nawlavSi ixsneba ori didi jirkvlis _ RviZlisa da kuWqveSa jirkvlis sadinari. naRveli cximebis emulgirebas iwvevs da aaqtiurebs lipazas.

1. imis gamosavlenad, Tu ramdenad aris damokidebuli cilebze kuWis wvenis moqmedeba temperaturasa da pH-ze, CaatareT cda. sam sinjaraSi moaTavseT moxarSuli kvercxis cilis erTnairi zomis naWeri da daumateT TiTo mililitri kuWis wveni (iyideba afTiaqSi). pirveli sinjara moaTavseT +37oC temperaturis wylis abazanaSi, meore ki _ yinulian wyalSi. mesame sinjaras daamateT sami wveTi NaOH da CadgiT +37oC temperaturis wylis abazanaSi. ram28

denime saaTis Semdeg daaTvaliereT sinjarebi. Sedegebis mixedviT gaakeTeT Sesabamisi daskvna. 1 ml. kuWis wveni

1 cilis naWeri

ramdenime saaTi

Sedegi

37° wylis abazana 1 ml. kuWis wveni

2 cilis naWeri

ramdenime saaTi

Sedegi

yinuliani wyali 1 ml. kuWis wveni

3 wveTi NaOH

3 cilis naWeri

ramdenime saaTi

Sedegi

37° wylis abazana

2. alkoholis uaryofiTi zemoqmedebisgan adamianis arc erTi organo ar aris daculi. is moqmedebs monelebis proceszec. cilis monelebaze alkoholis moqmedebis gamosavlenad CaatareT cda. StativSi CadgiT ori sinjara da danomreT. oriveSi moaTavseT Tanabari zomis moxarSuli kvercxis cila. #1 sinjaraSi CaasxiT 5 ml gamoxdili wyali, xolo #2 sinjaraSi 5 ml 80-90%-iani spiriti. amis Semdeg orive sinjaraSi CaasxiT kuWis wveni, sinjarebi SeanjRrieT da daayovneT ramdenime saaTi. Sedegebi CaiwereT da gaakeTeT daskvna. 3. gakveTeT frinvelis kuWi. daaTvaliereT SigTavsi. savaraudod iq wvril kenWebs aRmoaCenT. Tqveni azriT, ratom dasWirda frinvels maTi gadaylapva? 29

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