Bio 156 Chapter 4 Powerpoint

BIO 156 Chapter 4

Principles of Structure

From Cells to Organ Systems • Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs • Cells combine to form four primary tissues – Epithelial tissue – Connective tissue – Muscle tissue – Nervous tissue

Human Stomach

Figure 4-1

Epithelium • Two types: – membranous epithelia • form the coverings or linings of organs

– glandular epithelia • form exocrine and endocrine glands

Glandular Epithelia • Epithelial tissues illustrate a basic biological principle: that structure closely correlates with function

• Figure 4.4

Connective Tissue • Binds the cells and organs of the body together – All connective tissues consist of two basic components: cells and extracellular fibers • Two types of connective tissue are: – Connective tissue proper – Specialized connective tissue

Section 4-1

Connective Tissue Proper • An important structural component of organs – Consists of two types: • Dense connective tissue • Loose connective tissue

Specialized Connective Tissues • Perform specific functions essential to homeostasis • The body contains three types of specialized connective tissue: • Cartilage • Bone • Blood

•Cartilage –Consists of specialized cells embedded in a matrix of extracellular fibers and other extracellular material

•Blood –Contains blood cells, platelets, plasma

Bone Structure • Bone – Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix • Two types of bone tissue exist: spongy and compact

Choices

Muscle Tissue • Consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated • The body has three types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal (voluntary) • Cardiac (involuntary) • Smooth muscle (involuntary)

Nervous Tissue • Contains specialized cells that conduct impulses • Conducting cells, called neurons, transmit impulses from one region of the body to another. • Nonconducting cells, neuroglia, are a type of nervous system connective tissue.

Organ Systems • Tissues combine to form organs. – Organs are discrete structures that have evolved to perform specific functions – Most organs do not function alone, they are part of a group of cooperative organs, called an organ system.

Choices

End of Chapter 4