Big Data Ieee.docx

Author Name: B.PRANAV,15PA1A0517 CSE Department ,Vishnu Institute of Technology Vishnupur,Bhimavaram.

Abstract - The mind-to-movement system that

allows a quadriplegic man to control a computer using only his thoughts is ascientific milestone. It was reached, in large part, through the brain gate system. This system has become a boon tothe paralyzed. The Brain Gate System is based on Cyber kinetics platform technology to sense, transmit,analyzeand apply the language of neurons. The principle of operation behind the Brain Gate System is that with intact brainfunction, brain signals are generated even though they are not sent to the arms, hands and legs. The signals are interpreted and translated into cursor movements, offering the user an alternate Brain Gate pathway to control acomputer with thought,just as individuals who have the ability to move their hands use a mouse. Keywords:-paralyzed;Implanted; collaborative; intuitive ; prosthetic . I.

INTRODUCTION

Brain Gate is a brain implant system built

and previously owned by Cyberkinetics, currently under development and in clinical trials, designed to help those who

have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. The Braingate technology and related Cyberkinetic’s assets are now owned by privately held Braingate, Co. The sensor, which is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of the user into computer commands. II.TECHNOLOGY

In its current form, BrainGate consists of a sensor implanted in the brain and an external decoder device, which connects to some kind of prosthetic or other external object. The sensor is in the form of a Multielectrode array, formerly known as the Utah Array, which consists of 100 hairthin electrodes that sense the electromagnetic signature of neurons firing in specific areas of the brain, for example, the area that controls arm movement. The sensor translates that activity into electrically charged signals, which are then sent to an external device and decoded in software. The decoder connects to and can use the brain signals to control an external device, such as a robotic arm, a computer cursor, or even a wheelchair. In essence, BrainGate allows a person to manipulate objects in the world using only the mind.In addition to real-time analysis of neuron patterns to relay movement, the BrainGate array is also capable of recording electrical data for later analysis. A potential use of this feature would be for a neurologist to study seizure patterns in a patient with epilepsy.BrainGate was originally

developed by Department.

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II.RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Providence VA. In November 2011, researchers from the Stanford University Neural Prosthetics Translational Laboratory joined the trial as a second site. III.ADVANTAGES 1. Can help people who have been paralyzed make use of their limbs again through the use of their brain. It takes very minimal and simple training that does not take long to learn. One of the amazing things they are able to do is communicate by thinking of what they want to say and then is translated through text or a robotic voice and works almost 100% of the time. (60 Minutes)

The first reported experiments involving the implantation of the Multielectrode array in one human subject were carried out in 2002 by Kevin Warwick, Mark Gasson and Peter Kyberd. The procedure, which was performed at the Radcliffe Infirmary, involved the implantation of the array in the peripheral nerves of the subject in order to successfully bring about both motor and sensory functionality, i.e. bi-directional signalling. The subsequent full clinical trial of BrainGate, was led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital, Brown University, and the Department of Veterans Affairs and ran from 2004 to 2006, involving the study of four patients with tetraplegia. The results, published in a 2006 article in the journal Nature, showed that a human with tetraplegia was able to control a cursor on a computer screen just by thinking, enabling him to open emails, and to operate devices such as a television. One participant, Matt Nagle, had a spinal cord injury, whilst another had advanced ALS. In July 2009, a second clinical trial (dubbed "BrainGate2") was initiated by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital, Brown University, and the

2. The user’s ability to operate the device is not affected by their speech, eye movements or noise. Therefore it can be used in an interactive environment and doesn’t require the person using the device to talk or have their actions affected by noise around them. It worked only on what is going on in their brain.(Vasudeva) 3. While it was not originally created for government or military use. This same technology, once better developed and more advanced, can actually help us in fighting wars. This technology could be used to create robot warriors, which sounds a bit scary, but could actually make fighting safer because the people using the robot warriors would be far out of harms way. They are also thinking about using this technology with pilots by hooking up pilots brain directly to the plane. Therefore the reaction time on the controls would be quicker since it is a direct path from the brain to the plane controls. (Harris) 4. Winners- The biggest winners are definitely the test subjects and potential customers with paralysis/disabilities due to spinal chord injuries (mostly paraplegics and quadriplegics). While this technology has not yet been FDA approved and therefore is not out on the open market yet,

it will allow people who were told they will never walk or move certain limbs again to use their minds to make these movements possible again. “I can’t put it into words…It will give me a sense of independence.” (First test subject Matthew Nagle expressing his joy over the device) (Harris)

would have to pay millions just to provide people with the BrainGate technology. V.FUTURE SCOPE

IV.DISADVANTAGES 1. As of right now the technology still requires the device to be physically implanted in the person’s brain. You could use the electronic magnetic cap without the need for a chip to be surgically implanted in the brain, but it does not work nearly as well. Although the chip is extremely small, it still means surgery on the brain, which is always risky and can be dangerous. (60 Minutes) 2. At this time the Braingate technology is not wireless so it requires a plug to be plugged into the top of their head. Therefore this technology is not yet mobile, it restricts the person to be in the area of the device. 3. As I mentioned one of the amazing things about this technology is that it allows the person to communicate with people by e-mail, texting, or even a robot voice by thinking about what the person wants to say. However at this time this process is still very slow and takes a very long time. The person must think of each letter individually which is translated into text or voice.(60 Minutes) 4. The losers might be the people who have to fund this project because it is extremely expensive and advanced technology. The BrainGate technology is not yet available for people to buy in the market, but they estimate that the technology will cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. This could mean bad news for health insurance companies who

Current new advances include a secondgeneration interface software M*Power controller that will enable users to perform a wide variety of daily activities without assistances of technician.• Smaller ,wireless device .• The user will have an improved control of respiratory system, limb with muscle stimulation or robotics. VI.CONCLUSION The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in medical field. The remarkable breakthrough offers hope that people who are paralyzed will one day be able to independently operate artificial limbs, computers or wheelchairs.• The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by manual control, but by mere “thinking” (i.e., the brain activity of human subjects) has been a fascinated approach REFRENCES: 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrainGate. 2. https://www.braingate.org 3. https://news.brown.edu/articles/2017/02/brai ngate.