Bhushan Rapeseed

TO PP T

WELCOME

RAPE SEED BY BHUSHAN BHATKAR

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MUSTARD In trade - Sarson, Toria and Taramira are known as rapeseed, and Rai as mustard.

•Brassica juncea L. (rai) was originally introduced from China into north-eastern India. From where it has extended into Afghanistan via the Punjab. Eastern Afghanistan, together with the adjoining north-western India is one of the independent centres of brown sarson (Brassica campestris var. brown sarson). Yellow sarson (B. campestris var. yellow sarson) is commonly grown in the eastern parts of India where it shows much diversity of forms. Taramira is a relatively recent introduction into India. It is believed to be a native of southern Europe and North Africa. 2

Brassica species are cultivated for two purposes 1.Vegetable 2. Oil Those extensively grown for oil include B. napus & B. juncea in China and Japan. B. napus & B.praecox in Europe and America. B.juncea & B.napus in Russia and Mediterranean region. B.Campestris & B.junceia in India. Brassica species are cultivated for two purposes 1.Vegetable 2. Oil Those extensively grown for oil include B. napus & B. juncea in China and Japan. B. napus & B.praecox in Europe and America. B.juncea & B.napus in Russia and Mediterranean region. B.Campestris & B.junceia in India.

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INTRODUCTION : RAPE SEED

(2n= 38)

B.NAME :- Brassica napus SPECIES:- B. napus, B. juncea , B. rapa (collectively known as ‘CANOLA’) FAMILY :- Brassicaceae

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Origin :

The different types of mustard- rapeseed have different places of origins as follows: Brown Sarson ---------- Eastern Afghanistan and adjoining parts of India and Pakistan. Yellow Sarson ----------- Eastern Part of India . Indian mustard or Rai -- Originated from China to India via North Eastern India and spread to Afghanistan via Punjab. Gobhi Sarson ----------- It is a native of Europe . Taramira ----------- Introduced in India though it is a native of southern •Eastern Mediterranean and west region . EuropeAsian and North America

•The rape seed plants grow all over world mainly U.S., Australia, Europe, china.

India,

•The rapeseed was cultivated in Europe since 13th century. •Rape seed was originally grown in India of its edible oil.

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IMPORTANCE:•It is rich source of unsaturated fatty acid and it is also use for animal feed after extracting oil. • •Now a days the oil of mustered-rape seed has becomes nutritionally better than other oilseeds specially after introduction of “CANOLA”. • •The canola refers to the rape seed having low erucic acid and glucosinolate. • •In India oil obtained from mustered-rape seed accounts for 2/3rd edible oil. • •The projected demand for oil seed in India by 2020 is around 34MT which met by mustered-rapeseed. • • •Besides, the utilities of oil obtained from mustard-rapeseed, the seeds, sprouts, leaves, tender plants are also useful to human health, when they are consumed as spices and vegetables. •They contain selenium, zinc

magnesium,

calcium,

iron,

phosphorus, 6

Characteristic of Ø“CANOLA” variety developed in CANADA only for oil seed production. CANOLA Ø

ØHigher yield Ø ØIdentified as a short duration crop Ø ØOil having less erucic acid hence it is a healthy cooking medium Ø ØOil meal contains less than 30 micromoles glucosinolates per gram of defatted meal, hence used as highly demanded livestock feed ØContains around 42 per cent oil by weight and being high quality oil, it is used as top notch salad oil for it’s light colour and texture, and also used in baking industry as the baking with canola reduces the saturated fatty acid intake. ØOne of the largest traded oilseed in the world Ø ØAt present PANJAB government promote the cultivation of hybrid rapeseed variety “HYOLA”

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VARIETIES:- Brown sarson, yellow sarson, TERI- uttam, pusa-gold, pusa-jai Kissan New released var.:- coral-432, DMH_1, Toria, karan rai

TERI-uttam the first double low variety in India with high oil content(>43%) is to tolerant to pod shattering and white rust. 8

STATE

TYPE

VARIETY IN INDIA

VARIETY YIELD KG/HA

OIL%

HARYAN INDIAN A MUSTERED

PUSA, 1700 AGRANI

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UP

NAREND 1150 RA 1500-2000 LOHA-101 2200 ROHINI 1500-1800 PBR-97 KRANTI 1900 PBR-91 1600

43 45 43 40 41 40

PUSA 1800 GOLD 1600-200 RH-30, 1600-200 PUSA JAIKISAN 1200-1500 T-9

45 39 40

INDIAN MUSTERED

PUNJAB INDIAN MUSTERED RAJSTHA YELLOW N SARSON INDIAN MUSTERED Source-

agmarknet.nic.in

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Nutrient management N kg/ha AT SOWING 50 35 DAS

P kg/ha

K kg/ha

S kg/ha

40

40

20

50

grows best under cool climate .temperature ranges

20 15-20 degree C.

needs sandy loam well fertile soil with high organic matter.

arlmillete –mustered system is recommended for irrigated areas.

e of improved varieties , optimum dose of S , Zn, B considered effect on yield. 10

NUTRITIONAL water VALUE 88.2 gm : energy

155 kcal

protein

3.8 gm

fat

0.3 gm

carbohydrate 4.8 gm ca

250 mg

p

81 mg

ascorbic acid

55 mg

üThe oil of brassica species made up of Erucic acid (25-55%) , oleic acid (8-33%) , linoleic acid (12-21%) üRape seed oil contain Selenium, magnesium, calcium, Iron, Phosphorus, Zinc.

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Table 1. Production and trade of rapeseed and of rapeseed oil (taken from USDA March 2008).

Rapeseed Production China India Canada EU-27 Other Export Crush

2003/04

2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08*

39.43

46.16

5.48 36.41

4.92 40.62

48.74 13.05 7.00 9.66 15.52 3.57 6.95 44.59

46.80 12.65 5.80 9.00 16.01 3.34 6.73 45.03

47.62 10.50 5.50 8.75 18.31 4.56 7.80 45.55

17.27 4.63 2.30 1.43 6.08 2.83 1.73 16.96

17.60 4.61 2.13 1.43 6.46 2.97 1.95 17.99

17.95 3.76 1.97 1.57 7.41 3.24 1.95 18.48

Rapeseed oil Production 14.17 China India Canada EU-27 Other Export 1.33 Consumption 14.33

15.77

1.31 15.60

* forecast

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STATE-WISE AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF RAPESEED (1997-98) STATE

AREA (M.HECTS)

% OF TOTAL AREA

PRODUCTION (M.TONNES)

% OF TOTAL PRODUCTION

YIELD (KGS/HECT)

% COVERAGE UNDER IRRIGATION (1995-96)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

ASSAM

0.28

4

0.15

3.2

554

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BIHAR

0.1

1.4

0.09

1.9

887

33.3

GUJARAT

0.35

5

0.35

7.4

1013

97.8

HARYANA

0.56

7.9

0.37

7.9

667

66.8

MADHYA PRADESH

0.74

10.5

0.42

8.9

574

45.3

PUNJAB

0.07

1

0.06

1.3

871

87.4

RAJASTHAN

3.28

46.5

2.19

46.5

670

73.4

UTTAR PRADESH

1.2

17

0.71

15.1

593

75.2

WEST BENGAL 0.33

4.7

0.25

5.3

767

85.2

OTHERS

0.15

2.1

0.12

2.5

.

.

ALL-INDIA

7.06

100

4.71

100

667

66.3

SOURCE:- USDA.stat.

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Source:- map of India rape seed

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TOP RAPE SEED PRODUCER- 2007 CHINA CANADA INDIA GRMANY FRANCE POLAND UNITED KINGDOM AUSTRALIA WORLD TOTAL

10.3 (MILLION METRIC TON) 9.5 7.4 5.3 4.6 2.13 2.10 1.1 50.5

Source:- FAO

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A re a (m h a )

P r o d u c ti o n ( m to n n e s )

Y i e ld ( q /h a )

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 9 9 5 -9 6 1 9 9 6 -9 7 1 9 9 7 -9 8 1 9 9 8 -9 9 1 9 9 9 -0 0 2 0 0 0 -0 1 2 0 0 1 -0 2 2 0 0 2 -0 3 2 0 0 3 -0 4

A r e a , P r o d u c t i o n a n d Y i e l d o f R a p e s e e d /M u s t Source:- fao.stat.com

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•GOI data shows from the beginning of April indicated that the 200708 rape seed crop had been sown on 6.0 million ha. As compared to 6.6 million for the same time period last season.

Reasons :üThe ups and down of prices in market üPresence of large crushing unorganized sector üThe MSP established by the GOI favors wheat over rape seed ü Source -

agmarknet.nic

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MARKET üIndia is third largest producer of rape seed, with 12% of worlds production ü üMustered/rapeseed is the most important oil for northern , central, and eastern part ü üRapeseed is one of the major source of meal supplies over 3MT ü üPeak period for the rapeseed in mandies is march-may üThe projected demand for oil seeds in India by 2020 is around 34MT which is to be mate by rape seed ü üA significant portion of India’s rapeseed/mustard oil is ü sold in unorganized markets.

ü üA huge quantity, therefore, is sold without record, on which tax cannot be charged, thus depriving the government of a large amount of income. ü üIndustry analysts estimate that some 70 percent of edible oil is traded in such a way. The rapeseed/mustard oil sector should continue to move towards becoming an organized market.

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Marketing channels :

I ) Private : The different private agencies such as village trader , wholesaler, PRDUCER

VILLAGETRADER

RETAILER

WHOLESALER

MILLER

CONSUMER 20

I ) Institutional:

FFERENT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

PRODUCER

NAFED

OIL SEE CO-OPERATIVES UNDER N

RETAILER

CONSUMER

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Direct marketing :

üThe direct marketing system enables the farmers to meet the specific demand of wholesalers, traders, consumers according to their preferences from the farmers inventory of graded and certified produce on one hand and on other hand helps the farmers to take advantage of favourable prices. üThis system encourages the farmers to undertake sorting, grading and quality marking at their farms. ü This model has been introduced in Punjab (APNI MANDI), and in Andhra Pradesh (RYTHU BAZARS), for fruits and vegetables. Concerted efforts are now being made to introduce this system in other agricultural commodities also. Co - operative marketing üFor example., the Rajasthan State Co - operative Oilseeds Growers Federation Ltd . provides technical inputs to the mustard - rapeseed growers and purchase the oilseeds at open market price and process it. üAfter marketing of final produce, the price difference is given to farmers in proportion to their produce.

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Exchanges for trading of mustard - rapeseed and it ’ s products Sl . no . Name of exchange Commodity traded

1)Kanpur Commodity Exchange Mustard -Rapeseed and it’s products 2) National Board of Trade, Indore Mustard -Rapeseed and it’s products 3) NCDEX(National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange Ltd.) Mustard -Rapeseed and it’s products 4) Rajadhani Oils & Oilseeds Exchange Ltd., Delhi Mustard seed, its oil and oil cake 5) The Chamber of Commerce, Hapur Mustard seed 6) Central India Commercial Exchange Ltd., Gwalior Mustard seed 7) Bullion Merchants Association, Bikaner Mustard seed, its oil and oil cake 8 ) Mustard - rapeseed farmers can avail facility through a nationwide toll free number - 1551 . 23

PROCESSING qTechnology upgrades and improvements must be realized for both production and processing, so that the amount of oil derived from the seeds can be increased and more revenue can be achieved from sales. qTechnology could also help reduce the Indian crop’s euric acid content, thus making it more suitable for export and reducing producer dependence on the domestic market qIn India threshing is generally done manually which have considerable loss in production

ØCIAE MULTICROP THRESHAR IT IS SUITABLE FOR THRESHING OF RAPE SEED WHICH WAS DEVELOPED BY CIAE BHOPAL IN 1981-85 COST- RS.20000 24

MUSTERED-RAPE SEED PROCESSING

GHANI

EXPELLER

SOLVENT EXTRACTION

OIL FILTRATION REFINING

CAKE

PACKAGING OF OIL

MEAL

ANIMAL/POULTRY FEED 25

COMPANIES -

S OIL

DHARTHA INDUSTRIES GUJRAT

IQE ORGANICS LTD

ADIP ENT. RAJSTHAN

JRAT AMBUJA LTD

SAN PROTIENS PVT. LTD. (PALAMPUR)

LEX ENGINEERS PVT. LTD.(MUMBAI)

YAM INDUSTRIES (AHMEDABAD)

MAL OIL AND FOOD LTD. (MEHSANA)

OMOS AGRO

(MUMBAI) 26

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POLICY -

üThe ministry of agriculture fixes the MSP. This direct price support is given to ensure farmers fair prices and prevent distress sales. ü üThe ministry of consumer affairs, food and public distribution provides edible oils along with other essential commodities to consumers under PDS at below market price. ü üICAR setting up separate research project coordinating unit in the Vth plan on JAN 28,1991 in the campus of Haryana agriculture university, HISSAR. ü üIn the present context of global agriculture scenario, the small and marginal oil seeds farmers should change the habit of traditional farming to modern market/export oriented farming by improving the quality and productivity of the produce. ü üGOI issuing the edible oil packaging order in 1998 which made packaging of all oils sold in the retail sector mandatory. ü

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SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS ØLarge domestic market Ø ØIndia self sufficient in rapeseed production Ø ØGlobally, the volume of canola/rapeseed Ø export is the second largest volume of oilseed traded following soybean

WEAKNES ØAround 80% of this is marketed by the small scale sector in loose form, with only 20% sold by the organized sector. Ø ØRapeseed generally grown on small or marginal land and rainfed Ø ØUse of high yielding variety are negligible Ø

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OPPORTUNITY ØIn future increased emphasis on biofuel so need to increase production . Ø ØRapeseed oil has emerged as a leader along edible oils in India and much opportunity for growth remain Ø ØRapeseed also grow in Southern part of India to increase production of edible oil

THREATS -

ØTraditional cultivation method Ø ØClimate change Ø ØPest and diseases attack (black rot, soft rot, aphids, webworm

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THANK YOU

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