Being Young Is Tough
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• Will health education on problems challenging the young generation among higher secondary school children (ix & xi std) increase their awareness in a significant way?
• half of the world population ( 3 billion people are <25 yrs of age) • they are thus representing the largest cohort of young people in the human history • far too many of them confront bleak prospective no matter where they are born.
• lives of young people are shaped by forces unseen and beyond their control. • to mention a few……. Presence of poverty Incidence of crime Child abuse Access to affordable health services
• 5% of death worldwide is between the age group of 15-29yrs • incidence of cancer ,cvs disease, depression ,chronic lung conditions ,HIVaids can be considerably decreased by preventing certain behavioral pattern.
• • • •
Tobacco use Behavior that results in injury and violence Alcohol and substance use Faulty dietary and hygienic practices that cause disease • Sedentary life style • Sexual behavior that causes unintended pregnancy and disease
OBJECTIVE To increase the awareness on HIV-AIDS, smoking, alcoholism among the students of class ix and xi std.
TYPE OF STUDY
We did a educational intervention of before and after comparison study without control.
Sample population : students of ix and xi std of 4 schools. Sample size = 370 students. (100 students from each school) Sampling:Convenient
#-2**
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34 5 2/ % 46 7 5 6 5 5 6 8 8 ' 34 5 5 5
9 5 ' 4 3'
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% % % % ) )
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* +, )
% ) )
1
34
12
9.18
3.24
11.22
<0.001
2
135
82
36.5
22.2
18.32
<0.001
3
22
2
5.9
0.54
17.23
<0.001
4
157
122
42.4
32.9
7.05
<0.001
5
113
54
30.5
14.6
26.92
<0.001
6
186
103
50.3
27.8
39.11
<0.001
7
16
4
4.3
1.08
7.40
<0.001
8
38
27
10.3
7.29
2.04
0.153
9
39
14
10.5
3.8
12.7
<0.001
10
241
201
65.2
54.3
8.99
<0.001
11
28
19
7.6
5.2
1.84
0.1749
12
250
173
67.6
46.7
32.72
<0.001
13
127
73
34.3
19.7
19.98
<0.001
14
166
110
44.8
29.7
18.12
<0.001
15
22
10
5.9
2.7
4.7
<0.001
CALCULATION OF TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE MEAN
SD
PRETEST
STUDY GROUP 370
10.6
2.472
POSTTEST
370
12.4
2.025
S = n1(S1)2 + n2(S2)2 = 2.258 -----------------------n1 + n2
CR = X1 – X2 = 11. 25 1 + 1 n1
n2
Comparing the critical ratio with the table value, we find that 11.25 >> 2.96 hence the difference between the pre and post test scores is statistically significant with p value <0.001
LIMITATIONS OF OUR STUDY • The health education was not reinforced. • We did not take into account the socioeconomic backgrounds of the students within the same school.
OTHER RELATED STUDIES FRESH ( Focusing Resources On Effective School Health) - a part of school health services. Aids prevention and control program . (APAC) In rural Maharashtra, a study done among married adolescents reported 48% of boys and 3% of girls as having premarital sex,
Recent studies indicate that the incidence of rape in the under-10 age group has increased by 84% between 1990 and 1994, while the general incidence of reported rape in all age groups has increased from 20,194 in 1990 to 21,500 as of October 1995. These figures represent only the tip of the iceberg. Studies in 1993 estimates that 15% of secondary school girls have been sexually abused. The Social Welfare Board reports increased molestation, rape, sexual abuse of progressively younger children more within the family than outside.
• • • •
www.who.in Textbook of PSM by Park,17th edn. Textbook of Biostatistics by Sundarakumar Continuum Of Care For HIV/AIDS- Handbook for health care providers. • www.naco.co.nic.in/vsnaco/indiascene/update
Many school children were unaware of the fact that HIV is incurable and drugs available are just prolonging the life span by some years . passive smoking –students did not know what is passive smoking and in health education we emphasize on what is passive smoking and what are the hazards of it and how it can be prevented
To emphasize through group discussions and role play the fact that HIV is not curable and the only vaccine available is “prevention” passive smoking is very much prevalent in people of low socio economic status. this has to be paid attention to through health education
! (#
#%"$$ #
" #$ !%& % '$ ! #
) % (# %#% % * & $ ! & ) # +! * %&$ , # $$ #)#% # % +% % % # %+ # & ) $ !%## ) # +! #$ ! # % '$ # ! %&% % %! $! & # #' ! #%
• half of the world population ( 3 billion people are <25 yrs of age) • they are thus representing the largest cohort of young people in the human history • far too many of them confront bleak prospective no matter where they are born.
• lives of young people are shaped by forces unseen and beyond their control. • to mention a few……. Presence of poverty Incidence of crime Child abuse Access to affordable health services
• 5% of death worldwide is between the age group of 15-29yrs • incidence of cancer ,cvs disease, depression ,chronic lung conditions ,HIVaids can be considerably decreased by preventing certain behavioral pattern.
• • • •
Tobacco use Behavior that results in injury and violence Alcohol and substance use Faulty dietary and hygienic practices that cause disease • Sedentary life style • Sexual behavior that causes unintended pregnancy and disease
OBJECTIVE To increase the awareness on HIV-AIDS, smoking, alcoholism among the students of class ix and xi std.
TYPE OF STUDY
We did a educational intervention of before and after comparison study without control.
Sample population : students of ix and xi std of 4 schools. Sample size = 370 students. (100 students from each school) Sampling:Convenient
#-2**
1* #
0/ $#
*
-*$.*$ / *
)
)
()
' *+, '
"
)
(
# $% &
'
"
!
34 5 2/ % 46 7 5 6 5 5 6 8 8 ' 34 5 5 5
9 5 ' 4 3'
#$ & '( "
% % % % ) )
! "
* +, )
% ) )
1
34
12
9.18
3.24
11.22
<0.001
2
135
82
36.5
22.2
18.32
<0.001
3
22
2
5.9
0.54
17.23
<0.001
4
157
122
42.4
32.9
7.05
<0.001
5
113
54
30.5
14.6
26.92
<0.001
6
186
103
50.3
27.8
39.11
<0.001
7
16
4
4.3
1.08
7.40
<0.001
8
38
27
10.3
7.29
2.04
0.153
9
39
14
10.5
3.8
12.7
<0.001
10
241
201
65.2
54.3
8.99
<0.001
11
28
19
7.6
5.2
1.84
0.1749
12
250
173
67.6
46.7
32.72
<0.001
13
127
73
34.3
19.7
19.98
<0.001
14
166
110
44.8
29.7
18.12
<0.001
15
22
10
5.9
2.7
4.7
<0.001
CALCULATION OF TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE MEAN
SD
PRETEST
STUDY GROUP 370
10.6
2.472
POSTTEST
370
12.4
2.025
S = n1(S1)2 + n2(S2)2 = 2.258 -----------------------n1 + n2
CR = X1 – X2 = 11. 25 1 + 1 n1
n2
Comparing the critical ratio with the table value, we find that 11.25 >> 2.96 hence the difference between the pre and post test scores is statistically significant with p value <0.001
LIMITATIONS OF OUR STUDY • The health education was not reinforced. • We did not take into account the socioeconomic backgrounds of the students within the same school.
OTHER RELATED STUDIES FRESH ( Focusing Resources On Effective School Health) - a part of school health services. Aids prevention and control program . (APAC) In rural Maharashtra, a study done among married adolescents reported 48% of boys and 3% of girls as having premarital sex,
Recent studies indicate that the incidence of rape in the under-10 age group has increased by 84% between 1990 and 1994, while the general incidence of reported rape in all age groups has increased from 20,194 in 1990 to 21,500 as of October 1995. These figures represent only the tip of the iceberg. Studies in 1993 estimates that 15% of secondary school girls have been sexually abused. The Social Welfare Board reports increased molestation, rape, sexual abuse of progressively younger children more within the family than outside.
• • • •
www.who.in Textbook of PSM by Park,17th edn. Textbook of Biostatistics by Sundarakumar Continuum Of Care For HIV/AIDS- Handbook for health care providers. • www.naco.co.nic.in/vsnaco/indiascene/update
Many school children were unaware of the fact that HIV is incurable and drugs available are just prolonging the life span by some years . passive smoking –students did not know what is passive smoking and in health education we emphasize on what is passive smoking and what are the hazards of it and how it can be prevented
To emphasize through group discussions and role play the fact that HIV is not curable and the only vaccine available is “prevention” passive smoking is very much prevalent in people of low socio economic status. this has to be paid attention to through health education
! (#
#%"$$ #
" #$ !%& % '$ ! #
) % (# %#% % * & $ ! & ) # +! * %&$ , # $$ #)#% # % +% % % # %+ # & ) $ !%## ) # +! #$ ! # % '$ # ! %&% % %! $! & # #' ! #%
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