Bahubaryata Vivadam Satyament
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2008 \eG_† 20 Q epl»l×
Ad½lG A-ó-alóG h-c-j-al¥Wl "-ó-alóG h-c-j-al-IWG, "-Xr-¥d-tbd½ Q #«-_†-ˆo A„îs„ Q
\rc|u IutÀWa~ ¥Iæ [\IlcpaÔr ]r. NrZG _cŒr„t #ivl\G ¥ilˆduIjuG ]l†]¶rS \r† alXl|juG eli\ \r†alW Iœ\rIjuG eral\| œ\rIjuG Ner|l¨l„ X…ltlbl« "Xo \d½ IlcpG X~. AlblduG epehlb¥dlIG "Xr \u¨ âaG \SŒua~, ¥Il‚^U¥tg„ Dl^o $p„ $„UhoÑsho (hr.A.A.) Nb†al„ I.er. IlaŒr„t elàl\G fu`‹XskÀo eI \«Iu~u. ¥eyUo $|¥WlarIo¥^lteuG hr.A. A.buG ¥N†~uhGLSr]¶rN hlœŒrI
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ðs hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-\uG "-eI - l-fhG-ck - W - Œ - r-\uG ¥e-›r-bu¨ au-te - r-jr-I <-bc- l„ Xu-SŸ - r-br-ˆo Il-dŸ - j- l-br. ðs-Ij- u-S ep-¹r-]c- e - uG hl-aq-ir-Ie - u-al-b ]-cr-ck - b - d - ½ $-Œc- G "-\†Y-al-b er-dl-]Ÿ - -|o ]r-~r-du-¨X - o. hG-el-ZŸ - j- r« \r-c - cG hl-~r-[p-au-›l-eW - - a-~ Nr-dc- u-S Zu-g_ -µ u-Šr-bl-Wo. A-er-S-bl-Wo ]r-»N - X - o? B-Xu \r-ba- h - G-ir-Xb - l-Wo ðshuc-kr-XX - v-Œr-\uG hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-\uG $-\r "-ed - G-_r-¥|-›X - o. ðshvl-XÔ - p-a-~l« A-l-Wo er-ek - r-¥|-›X - o? A-Ÿ- \bl-WX - r-\u hl†-YI - a- l-b D-cu ]½lš- ¥o- ^lG cq-]s-Ic- r-¥|-›X - o? $m ¥Nl-Zp-Ÿ er-er-[ ¥e-Zr-Ij- r-duG al-[p-aŸ - j- r-duG <-bc- u-~u›oo. ðshvl-XÔ - p-Œr-„t Zu-c - N - r-óŸ - "-be - r-t| - r ¥‹k-I“ - Z- b - Ÿ - -|u au-~r« fm-cpG Il-Wr-|u-~e - †, B-Xu \rb-aa- l-Wo, ep-ez - b - l-Wo ðs-I-|`- r-Il-apG A-~u Xs†-Œu-]t-bl„ X-…l-tl-eu-~r-d.½ A-~u-al-óa- d - ,½ hv-Ps-er-XŒ - r« X-Ÿju-~b - r-|u-~ el-ZG A-óI - › - o ‹l-¥bl-Kr-Ia- l-W-~uG e-jr]¶S- u-Œu-~r-d.½ ir-xu-aX - G, Ær-hu´ a- X - G, $-hd o- lG a-XG Xu-SŸ - r-b a-XŸ - ðs-b-|u-tr-No er-fZ- a- l-¥bl "«-]a- l-¥bl ]-cl-a†-fr-|u-~u›o. a-I, `l-cp, al-Xl-eo A-~s X-dŸ - j- r« ðs ]l-dr-¥|-› \rb-a¿- \ - r†-¥Z-fe - r-[r-er-d| - u-Ij- uG Nr-d a-X Ü-™Ÿ - j- r« er-fZ- al-br ‹-Xr-]l-Zr-Nr ˆ- u-›o. a-XŸ - ðs-I-|o \«-Iu-~ ep-¹r-]c- a- l-b hu-ck - b - uG hvl-XÔ - p-euG hl-aq-ir-IP - s-er-XŒ - r« B-X-dl½ G \r-dÀ - l-Wo "-Sb - l-j- ]¶ˆ- uIr-S| - u-~- X-~u Nr-r-|l-X, ðs-I- j Iq-SuX« "-ck - r-Xl-ez - b - r-¥d-|o \-br-|l-\l-Wo ar-| hG-el-ZI - cuG er-a†-fI - c- uG â-ar-|u-~X - o. ðs-ha- X - v-hv-lX-Ôp-el-ZrI #-ef - p-]¶S- u-~ X-cŒ - r-du-¨ hvl-XÔ - pG d-`r-N \l-Su-Ij- r«-\r~o ðs]s-U\ - Œ - r-„t R-ˆr-|u-~ I-YI - j- l-Wo ]u-tŒ - u-ec- u~-Xo. hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-„t-buG "-eI - l-fŸ - j- u-S-buG ¥]-cr« ðs-I- j X-cu-er-¥d-|o e-dr-Nr »- À - u-~e - † es-Sr-\u-]u-tŒ - o ðsIj-\u-`e - r-Nu - Il-›r-cr-|u-~ bl-X\ - I - - j ¥_l-[] - q†-eG erh²c- r-|u-Ib - l-Wo. dG-Kr-I¥- I-jr-I-|u-¥e-›r al-óG ðs-I- j er-\r-¥bl-KrNrc- u-~ ‹l-ÇX - hG-hl¦ c- Œ - r«-\r-~u ¥al-N\ - G d-`r-|l-Œ D-cu h-aq-ia- ¥- [p-\r-~l-Wo ðs-hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-„t e†-WI - Y - I - er-hc-´ r-Nu ] - t- b - u-~- X-~u-Iq-Sr hG-el-Z¥- ‹-ar-I Dl†-Œr-cr-|WG. "-er-S ¥Pl-dr-zd - Ÿ - j- r-duG ]T-\¥- I-æŸ - j- r-duG hv-G es-Su-Ij- r« ¥]l-duG ðs-I ]u-cu-g\ - l« ¥e-ˆb - l-S- ]¶ˆuIl›r-cr-|u-Ib - l-Wo. a-X¥- al Z†-f\ - Ÿ - ¥- jl "-d,½ $-Xr-\u I - l-cW - euG \r-ar-Œe - uG. a-tr-No `m-Xr-Ie - l-ZŸ - j- u-S \-be-Id - p-euG e-cu-[p-Ÿj- u-al-Wo. ðs-bu-S hv-XvG \r-d\ - r†-Œr "-e- j Nq-gW - Œ - r«-\r-~u hG-ck - r-|u-~ \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-Wo $-hd o- lG \-S] - r¶ «-ec- u-Œr-bX - o. h-aq-iŒ - r-„t ¥h³i - e - uG ]-cr-Nc- W - e - uG d-`r-¥|-›e - j- l-Wo ðs A-~o au-i˜ - Z- o \-_r(h) ]Tr-]r¶ N - u . al-\p-euG ¥h³i - l†-Îe - ual-b h-as-]\ - G ðs-I¥- jl-So I-|l-¨W - - a-~o $-hd o- lG \rgoI - †-gr-Nu . Ju†-#„ ]Tr-]r¶ | - u-~u: EE\r-Ÿ \r†-eX -¼ r-Il-¨l„ \rŸ-jr«-\r-~u-X- ~ $-W- b ì-grµ N - X - o "-dl½ i - u-er-„t Ì-glµ -Ÿj- r« ]-ˆX - l-Iu-~u. \r-Ÿ-|r-Sb - r« "-e„ ¥h³i - e - uG I-cu-Wb - uG ìgµrN - u Nr-r-|u-~e - †-|r-Xr« Ku-W] - lT-au-›o.'' ðs-I- j hG-ck - r-|u-~X - r-¥\l-Sl-]G¶ "-e†-|o h-aq-iŒr« h-au-~X - ]-Ze - r-buG ]-cr-KW - \ - b - uG $-hd o- lG \«-Iu-~u. "-]c- r-¬X - e - uG ‹l-ÇX - e - u-al-b \-bh - a- s-]\ - a- l-br-cu-~u $-hodl-ar-„t #-Ka- \ - Œ - r-\u-au-œo ]-db - r-SŒ - uG ðs-I-|u-¥\-c I-bl-jr-br-cu-~X - o. ðs-|o “-Zb - a- u-¥›l A-~u-¥]l-duG hG-fbr-Nr c- u-~ hr-Šl-Ÿ - -|uG h-aq-iŸ - -|uG a-¥[p-bl-Wo Eðs' h-aq-iŒ - r-„t "†-[e - r-`l-Ka- l-W-~uG "-ej- u-S ]l-ZŒr-\u- Is-»r« hv†-Ka- u-›-~uG ‹-Jpl-]r-No $-hd o- lG ðs-ha- qi-Œ _-iu-al-\r-NX - o; "-e†-|o h-aq-iŒ - r« "†-ia- l-b hvl-XÔ - p-euG "-eI - l-fe - uG \«-Ir-bX - o. er-Zp "-`p-hr-|« ðs-
I-|uG ]u-cu-gÓ - l†-|uG a-X_ - l-[p-Xb - l-W-~u I«-]r¶ N - X - rdq-S ðs-ha- q-i- Œ ]u-cu-g- \l-]G¶ ]-cr-ck - \«-Iu-Ib - l-Wo au-i˜ - Z- o \-_r(h) N-ÂX - o. D-cu ðs er-el-ir-Xb - l-Iu-¥œl-»l-Wo "-ej- u-S hv-XvG ]-cr-ckr-|- ]¶S- u-~X - o. al-Xl-]r-Xl-|j- l-duG h-¥il-Zc- Ÿ - j- l-duG ]r~ `†-Œl-er-\l-duG \-br-|- ]¶¥- S-›e - j- l-Wo ðs-b-~uG "e-ju-S ]q†-W hG-ck - W - G ]r-~s-So `†-Œl-er« \r-kr-]a-´ lW-~uG $-hd o- lG \r†-¥Z-fr-Nu . ðs-b er-el-iG I-»r-|u¥œl "-e-|o er-el-ia- q-dpG (a-io†) \«-IW - - a-~uG hu-Jhm-Ic- p-Ÿ \«-Iu-~X - r« I-Wr-fX - ]u-d†-ŒW - - a-~uG \rg¦†g - r-Nu . $-hd o- l-ar-d e-el-ir-I \r-ba- Ÿ - ðs-Ij- u-S c-kÀ - lWo ‹l-[l-\pG \«-Iu-~X - o. D-~r-d[ - r-IG ðs-I- j ¥e-W- a-£r« er-el-iG-N-…l-a-~ Ju†-#\ - r-I Xl-X] o- c- pG #-[u-\r-I h-aq-
_l-[p-XI - j- r«-\r-~u au-¹b - l-|r. ]u-cu-g¥- \l-SuG ígµle - o Zbl-]c- \ - l-Wo. "-e- „t <-ªv-de - p-¹r-XvG ]-cr-ck - r-|l-\l-efp-al-b "-[r-Il-cŸ - j- uG hm-Ic- p-Ÿj- uG \«-Ir. ]u-cu-g¥- \l-SuG ðs-¥bl-SuG "-e† c-›u-Iq-ˆc- uG ¥N†-~u-›l-Iu-~ a-\u-gp-ha- qi-¥Œl-Sl-ˆl-I-buG "-dl½ i - u N- a-iŒ - l-b D-cu Il-cuWp-Œr-„t ^-da- l-Wo \r-bÔ - r-Xa- l-b _-iu-`l-cp-XvG. ]u-cu-g- „t-buG ðs-bu-S-buG ‹-ÇX - r-]c- e - uG fl-cs-cr-Ie - uG al-\h - r-Ie - u-al-b _-iu-er-[ Xl-X] o- c- p-Ÿ hG-ck - r-|- ]¶¥- S›-Xu-›o. "-ec- u-S hvl-zp-Œr-\uG h-aq-iŒ - r-„t fl-r]q†-Wa- l-b ]u-¥cl-KX - r-|uG `-ÎX - À - uG "-Xl-ef - p-al-Wo. ðs]u-cu-g„-al-cu-S Ps-er-X]q†-Œs-Ic- W - Œ - r-\u-¨ <-]l[r-bl-Wo er-el-iG. D-~r-d[ - r-IG ðs-I- j ¥e-|u-~X - o ]u-cug„ "-`r-au-Js-Ic- r-|u-~ hl-iN - c- p-Œr-„t-buG ‹-fh -³ £ - s†W-Xb - u-S-buG "-Sr-zl-\Œ - r« al-óa- l-Wo.
$-ho-dl-ar-d e-el-ir-I \r-b-a-Ÿ ðs-I-ju-S c-k-Àl-Wo ‹l-[l-\pG \«-Iu-~-Xo. D-~r-d-[r-IG ðs-I-j ¥e-W-a-£r« er-el-iG-N-…l-a-~ Ju†-#-\r-I Xl-Xo-]-cpG #-[u-\r-I h-aq-i-Œr-„t hlG-h¦l-cr-Il-`pu-~-Xr-buG [†-a-¥_l-[-euG d-kpGe-Nl-Wo
C c-¥›l, aq-¥~l, \l-¥dl ]-c-al-e-[r \l-du-e-c ðs-I-j er-el-iG N-…lG. $-Xo \r†-_-‡ Id¶¶-\-¥bl ¥‹-c-W-¥bl "-d½. D-cu- Xu-t-~ "-\u-el-ZG al-óG. \s-Xr ]l-dr-|l„ I-»r-bu-a-~o ¥Xl-~u-~r-d½-£r« $m "-\u-el-ZG $-ho-dlG \r-cl-I-cr-|u-~u i-Œr-„t hlG-hl¦ c- r-Il-`pu-~X - r-buG [†-a¥- _l-[e - uG dkpGe-Nl W - o. "-Xpl-ef - p-Lˆ- Ÿ - j- r« Xs†-ŒuG "-\r-el-cpal-b hl-iN - c- p-Œr-dl-Wo D-~r-d[ - r-IG `l-cp-al-c ¥e-|l„ $-hd o- lG "-\u-aX - r \«-Iu-~X - o. ]-ºr-al†-|r-Sb - r« I-Wr-fa- lb cs-Xr-br« \s-Xr-buG Xu-dp-Xb - uG ]l-dr-|l-\uG ]u-d†-Œl-\uG I-»r-bW - - a-~ \r-_‡ - \ - I - ¥- jl-S-bl-Wo "-\u-aX - r \«-Ir-bXo. c-¥›l, aq-¥~l, \l-¥dl ]-ca- l-e[ - r \l-du-e- c ðs-I- j erel-iG N-…lG. $-Xo \r†-_‡ - Id¶\ -¶ ¥- bl ¥‹-cW - ¥- bl "-d.½ D-cu- Xu-t~ - "-\u-el-ZG al-óG. \s-Xr ] - l-dr-|l„ I-»r-bu-a-~o ¥Xl-~u-~r-d½£ - r« $m "-\u-el-ZG $-hd o- lG \r-cl-Ic- r-|u-~u. $-hd o- lG "-\u-eZ- r-N _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-bÔ - r-Xa- l-Wo. ]-d- \r_-‡\ - I - j- uG a-XG "-Xr-\u \r-§b - r-Nr ˆ- u-›o. ]-d Il-cW - Ÿ - _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-Œr-¥d-|o ]u-cu-g- \ \-br-|u-~u-›o. ðs-bu-SbuG ]u-cu-g- „t-buG ‹-ÇX - pl-du-¨ "-ez - I - $-Xr-\u a-Xrbl-b X-jr-el-Wo. $-hd o- l-ar-„t I†-af - l-ðÜ - ™ - Ÿ - j- r-« ere-cr-Nr ˆ- u-¨ Il-cW - Ÿ - j- l-Wo _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-Œ-|u-tr-No Rl„ "-`r-‹l-b- ]¶ˆ- X - o. Rl„ Xu-t~ - u-]t- ƒ - \r-ce - [ - r Il-cW - Ÿ - jr«-\r-~o "-‹h - ¹ - a- l-b Nr-d `l-KŸ - ]l-|r-]r¶ S- r-Nl W - o $-Xr-\-Xr-c ]-dc- uG cG-KŒ - r-tŸ - r-bX - o. $-hd o- l-ar-„t \r-ba- Ÿ - - j er-db - r-cu-Œu-¥œl D-~l-aXl-br â-Šr-¥|-›X - o "-Xo "-dl½ i - u-er-„t \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-Iu~u A-~X - l-Wo. #-cu-S-buG hvl†-YX - l-X] o- c- p-Ÿ hG-ck - r|l„ <-›l-|r-b \r-ba- Ÿ - j- d - ½ "-Xo. ]u-cu-gÓ - l†-¥|l ðsI-¥|l "-d½£ - r« `-cW - I - †-Œl-|-¥|l, a-Xh - G-LS- \ - I-¥|l # \r-ba- \r†-al-WŒ - r« bl-Xl-cu ]-£u-ar-d.½ $-hodl-ar-„t ‹-el-NI - „ au-i˜ - Z- o (h) ¥]l-duG $-hd o- l-ar-I er-[rI ]-tƒ - X - o "-dl½ i - u-er-„t ¥_l-[\ - G (e-ib o- o) "-\u-hc- rNu al-óa- l-Wo. a-\u-gp-„t al-ŒG hu-ck - b - uG ]u-¥cl-KX - r-bual-Wo "-dl½ i - u <-¥©-fr-|u-~X - o. Z-er-I \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-e- ˆ ì-grµ P - l-dŸ - j- u-S au-»u-e„ ]-crar-Xr-Ij- uG ‹-fŸ -³ j- uG zr-Xr-KX - r-Ij- uG "-tr-bl-eu-~ ]-ca- I - lcu-Wr-I\ - l-b ígµle - r-„t \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-Wo. $-hd o- lG a-\u-gpcl-fr-bu-S Ps-er-X] - ™ - l-el-br "-dl½ i - u h£d¶rN - X - r-„t dkpG a-\u-gph-aq-i¥- Œl-Su-¨ Il-cu-Wp-euG Z-bl-el-b] o- u-alWoo. ]u-cu-g¥- \l-SuG ðs-¥bl-SuG í-glµ e - o Il-cu-WpG Il-ˆu-~u. ‹Ç-Xpl Zm†-_d - p-Ÿj- u-¨ ðs-¥bl-So ]-de - r-[Œ - r-dl-Wo ‹-hu´ X Il-cu-WpG. "-ej- u-S hG-ck - W - G ]u-cu-g- \ Bd¶rN - u . I-\Œ -
B-Xu h - l-iN - c- p-Œr-duG #-Ps-e\ - l-G D-cu `l-cp al-ó¥- a ]lSu-¨q A-~o "-\u-fl-hr-Nl « "-Xo ]u-cu-g¥- \l-S-~¥- ]l-d ðs-¥bl-SuG N-…u-~ Il-SuG¥Îl-ia- l-br-cr-|uG. D-cu ðs er-eli-¥al-N\ - G N-…- ]¶S- u-~u, "-d½£ - r« hv-bG er-el-i¥- al-N\G ¥\-Su-~u. "-d½£ - r« er-[e - b - l-Iu-~u. a-šl-cu ]u-cu-g- \ ¥e-|W - - a-£r« "-e "-bl-ju-S #-Zp-`l-cp-bl-eu-~X - r\-|l hl-[p-X c-›lG `l-cp-¥bl aq-~lG `l-cp-¥bl #-eu-~Xl-Wo. ]u-cu-g\ - o c-›lG er-el-iG ]l-Sr-d½£ - r«, "-Ye - l `l-cpb D-cu Il-cW - e - f - l-duG <-¥]-kr-|l„ ]l-Sr-d½£ - r«, hv-bG er-el-i¥- al-N\ - G ¥\-Sr-b ðs-|o A-Ÿ- \ ]u-Xr-bl-cu `†-Œler-\ Ir-ˆuG? Zl-œX - p-Ps-er-XG \-br-|l„ I-»r-bl-Œe - ü - G `l-cp ¥cl-Kr-Wr¥bl e-‡p-¥bl #-eu-~ h-x†-`Ÿ - j- u-›l-Iu-~u. "-e- j alóG \r-d\ - r†-Œr `†-Œl-eo a-cW - G e-c Xs Xr-~W - - a-~u ]-tbu-~X - o \s-Xr-bl-¥Wl? A-£r« # Zl-œX - pG D-cu Zu-c - \ - l-SI - al-br-cr-|uG. er-[e - D-cu ]u-cu-g- „t c-›lG er-el-iŒ - r-dq-Sb-£r-duG Ps-er-XŒ - r-¥d-|o I-S~ - u-ec- u-~X - ¥- d½ bu-¹r-hi - G. \r-bÔ - r-X _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-al-¥Wl, "-¥- h·l- S Nr-d L-ˆŸ - jr« c-›lG `l-cp-bl-br I-»r-¥b-›r-ec- u-~X - uG K-Xr-br-dl½ - X er[-e #-¤i - X - p N-…u-~X - uG X-˜r« B-Xl-Wo I-cW - s-bG? ]u-cu-gÓ - l-c-|l ðs-Ij- u-S A-üG Æ-al-Xs-Xa- l-br e†[r-|u-~ ]-d- L-ˆŸ - j- u-›o. c-›lG ¥dl-Ibu-Š- Œ Xu-S†-~o P†-a\ - r-br-duG a-šuG $m ‹-Xr-`l-hG I-›X - l-Wo. A-ˆu-e†-gG \s› K-^o bu-ŠŒ - r-„t ^-da- l-br $-tl-\r-duG $-tl-Jr-duG ]Œu d - k - ¥- Œl-jG #-Wu-Ÿ a-cr-NlS- u-Ÿr. B-Xl-›o "-óX-~ e-\r-XI - er-[e - I - j- l-b-~u Nu-cu-|G. $-tl-\r-duG $-tlJr-duG "-Xo hl-aq-ip-‹f - Ÿ -³ ì-grµ N - u . $-Œc- - al-cu ]-cr-Xz - r-Xr-br«, ]-›o P†-a\ - r-brdu-›l-bXu-¥]l-d E$m-e\rMo K-îu-I- j' #-ef - p-au-›-~o es-Sr-„t ¥K-šr« ¥_l†-Uo e-|l„ \r†-_‡ - r-Xa- l-Iu-~ "-ez - <›l-Ic- u-Xo. bu-ŠŒ - r-„t-buG a-šu I-Su-Xr-Ij- u-S-buG Il-cpG $cr-|- ˆ, hl-[l-cW - K - X - r-br«-X- ~ ðs-bu-S "G-Kh - G-Jp ]ucu-gÓ - l-cu-¥S-Xr-\-|l Iq-Su-Xd - l-W-~o h„-hh - o tr¥]¶l†-ˆu-I Il-Wr-|u-~u. e-\r-XI - j- u-S ]-cu-]G¶ <-b†-Œr-erSu-~ ‹-fŒ -³ r-\o ]-cr-il-cG D-~r-d[ - r-IG `l-cp-al-c \r-ba- l-\u-ìXG hvs-Ic- r-|l„ ]u-cu-g- \ "-\u-eZ- r-|u-Ib - l-W¥- d½l. (Xu-Sc- uG)
\rŸjlWo elbr|u~Xo? Ku†Nc‚Zlho Xrc¥|trb epl]lc¥IæŸjuS aqd Ào Dcu d{tr. $p„ \KcŸjuS ] Xreo Il×blWo elb¶l d{trIy. hv bG ck]¶Sl„ âar|u~ $p„ a[p e†KŒr„t ‹XsIeuG. Rl„ #Zpalbr Dcu elb¶l d{tr br«¥]lb ZrehG Dl†|uIblWo. " ~\r|o DœXu ebh·lbrˆu›lIuG. R Ÿj~o hrGdbrdlWo XlahG. esˆr\Su ŒuX~ Dcu elb¶l d{trbu¨Xo Rl„ I›Œr. ]¥k, A„t ‹rb ]¶ˆ E^l„tG' ¥IlarI·o ASuŒuIl›u ecl„ "˜ h˜Xr|rd½. "XuIl›o A\rUo_½š„t Dcu ]uh´IG Rl„ ISaSuŒu. Rl„ #Zpalbr d{tr br« \r~SuŒ ]uh´IG. A„t a|y IuˆrIjlbrcu~¥]¶ly RŸy auG_brdlbrcu~u XlahG. esˆr\SuŒo IG]oho ¥Il†Wtr« Dcu elb¶l d{trbu¨Xo "e† I› Œr. $¥]¶ly A„t IuSuG_lGKŸy ]ch¶cG IlWu¥œly huJal¥Wl A ~d½ ¥NlZr|ltuo. ]IcG ¥NZr|uG: EE$ ¥]¶l»l elbr|u~Xo?'' edrb \KcŸjr« “Zb`lKŒo Dcu edrb
duG \r†arNu \«Iu~rd½. ]r~ $p |l† AuN…uG. BXlblduG \˜y etu¥Xbrcr|rd½. \˜y INeS ¥Iæ Ÿjr« elb¶l d{tr XuSŸuG. hvbG ck]¶Sl„ âar|u~ $p„ a[pe† KŒr„t ‹XsIalWo elb¶ld{tr Iy. h†|l† h¦qjuIy \r†arNrd½ £r« \˜y ¥NcrIjr« hvIlcp h¦qju Iy \r†ar|uG. h†|l† #h¶ór Iˆr brd½£r« \˜y Ndeu Iutƒ NrIr öl¥IæŸy \r†ar|uG. elb\fldl ‹zl\Œr„t "ac |l† ¥IcjsbclWo. 1880IjrdlWo "e #cG`rNXo. ZcrÎclb ÜlasW†|o ]óG zrcalbr elŸl\u¨ ¥fgr <›lbr cu~rd½. "XuIl›o "e† elb\fld Iy XuSŸr. ašu¨e†|o ¥Iy|l\lbr Dcly ]óG
KsXlZ†f\G ¿ 62 XhoalZobhp ail_l¥il \rÝisXl\r h†efH $ærblWsærbl†¥Y`pH Xhp ‹Él ‹XrgørXl #bXr\l«, ¥i ail_liuelb "†Pu\l, blXlcue „t $ærbŸy, Dcu er[Œrdu¨ dmIrIhuJ¥`lKŸjr ¥d|uG "e\ _dalbr edrNuIl›u¥]lIlŒer[G \r bÔrXŸjlbrcr|u~u¥el "e„t _uŠr
zl]rNu. $ebuS \SŒr]¶o Ndeo e ir¥|›Xo au\rhr]¶ldršrIjlbrcu~u. $pbr« BXl\uG e„IrS ]_½rIo d{trIju›o. Il«|Œbrd \l gW« d{tr, auG_brd ¥tl b« BgplšrIo, $mbrS \esIcrN N ~brd Iüracl d{tr XuSŸr be
I]S¥ZfsbXbuG clPp¥ÎliG ¥ZfsbXbuS erÇXauJG IlWu¥œly ` bG ¥Xl~u~u. hG\plhr\rbuG IqˆuIlcuG al óad½ #¤sblNlcpÓlcuG ¥Zf¥Îli `sIc ‹e†Œ\Ÿy \SŒrbXr\o "tîo N… ]¶Su~u. clPpŒr„t Ile«`SÓl† A~u \lG "`ral\¥ŒlS ]tbu~ ]ˆlj¥aP† hvG \lˆuIlc Ild½l„ ]crfsd\G \d¦u ~u. clPp¥ÎliG #cu NÂlduG "Xu XšuX ~. "ec Dš]¶SuŒu~Xr\uG X¨r]¶tbu ~Xr\uG ]IcG "ecuS ‹e†Œ\Ÿj \plbsIcr|u~XuG hilbr|u~XuG ¥Zfer cuŠ‹e†Œ\alWo. BXlblduG I]S¥Zfs XbuG P\Ÿy|uau~r« Xut~u Ilˆ]¶S WG. ¿iu\ho, "SrelcG, ¥Il»r¥|lSo
¥tlUo \~l|lX ¥e¥Wl i«ašo ¥eˆ i«ašo [cr|lŒec ]rSrIqSr #`pc eIu]¶r„t "`ral\euG h†|ltr„t " h·uG
hr. cl[lÇg¯„
hlGJp¥blKG kr|WG A~o $m ¥f½lIŒ eplJpl\r|u~Xu fcrbd½. Ilc WG fcscŒr„t \rd\rd¶r\lefpalb "~]l\lZrIy hali cr|buG "\u`er|buG N…lX #†|uG I»rbl\lerd½¥d½l. #ilcerilcŸy|o "cŸlcu|u~ ‹ÇXr¥blSu¨ IS Ÿy esˆlXbuG ]šrd½. ìgµrIjl| D¥c bÉŒrd ]£l jrIjlW~o (hibÉlH ‹Pl ìgµvl) e»r¥b ]tbu~u. $m ¥f½lIXlXo]cpG au\rbuS BIlÜX Ar\u ¥\¥cblWo A~u IlWr|uI alóalWo. au\r Ad½lG N…u~u A~Xd½ NrlergbG. dmIrI epeilcŸjr« B†]¶Su¥œly ]ud†¥Œ›u~ Zr fl¥_l[Œ|utrNlWo $m ¥hlZlicW ‹h´leG. Zrfl¥_l [ard½lŒXd½lG D»u|r\l]¶G \sŸu~u. ]¥k, atuIcb]¶šr fcrblb _uŠr <¨e„ D»u|r\u IutuI \su~u. "¥Xha bG, Xl\uG D»u|rdlWo A~o "e\o "trblG. "e„ "trbWG. \su¥œl»uG Xl„ D»uIu~u›~uG "Xo "\relcpalW~uIq SrbuG "e„ "trbWG. (Xu-S-cuG)
[†a-Npu-Xrbr« \r-~o c-kl-al†KG, ‹-Ç-Xr-Xl-Xo-]-cp-Œr-\-\u-ìXG
]l-§l-Xp-,bq-¥tl-]p„ \l-Su-I-jr-d X-cu-¥el-c-Ÿ-jr« KXr-I-ˆo "-d-bu-~ er-el-i-¥al-Nr-X-I-juG er-[-e-I-juG "Xp-G Z-b-\s-b-al-b Nr-ó-al-Wo. ]-Sr-ƒl-tr-„t hv-X-Ô¥dl-I-Œo ðs-h-aq-iG "-\u-`-er-|u-~ $-Œ-cG Igµ-]¶l-So I›l-Wo ¥Ul. ar-ho #-\r-_-h„to Ed-^o #„Uo Ss-NrMoho Dl-^o au-i-˜-Zo' A-~ Ü-™-Œr« $-ho-dl-ar-d _-iu`l-cp-Xv-Œ el-Ûr-]¶-t-ƒ-Xo. c-›lG ¥dl-I a-il-bu-Š-Œr-„t ^-d-al-br er-[-e-I-juG "-\l-Y-fr-fu-|-juG P†-a-\r-br« I-W-|-š cs-Xr-br« ì-gµr|-]¶-ˆu. er-[-e-I-j A-~-d½, I-\p-I-I-jŒ-~ ¥e|l-¥\l "-\l-Y-fr-fu-|-j ]-cr-]l-dr-|l-¥\l #-jr-d½l-Xlbr. $m ‹-f³G A-Ÿ-\ ]-cr-i-cr-|l-a-~-Xr-\-|u-tr-No #-¥dl-Nr-|l„ 1958¿« apq-Wr-|r« ¥N†-~ ¥e-Uo bqŒo ¥Il‚-^t„-ho er-er-[ ]-cr-il-c-Ÿ N†-N N-Â-¥fgG A-Œr-¥N†-~-Xo _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \-S-]¶l-|-W-a-~ Xs-cual-\-Œr-dl-br-cu-~u. "-\l-Yl-e-z-br« ]l-tu-Xr-I-ˆ- e\r-X-I, _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Zr-Nu-Il-›o \r-b-aG ¥`-Z-KXr N-…-W-a-~l-e-fp-]¶-ˆo ¥_l-Wr« ‹-I-S-\-Ÿ \-SŒu-I-bu-›l-br. au-ho-drG ]-þr-XÓl† ]-t-b-ˆ: EE$-ho-dl-ar-d _-iu-`lcp-Xv-Œ|u-tr-No Nr-d† epl-]-I-al-br ¥Il-dl-i-dG \-S-ŒuI-bl-Wo. "-Xo h-aq-i-Œr« Ku-cu-X-c-al-b `-er-gp-Œo ìgµr-|u-~u-e-~ #-¥cl-]-WG f-cr-bl-¥Wl? #-¥cl-]-I† P†-a-\r-br-¥d-|o ¥\l-|u-I. D-cu bu-el-er-\o aq-~o bu-e-XrI A-~ ¥Xl-Xr-dl-Wo P-\-hG-Jp. $m ‹-f³-Œr-\o A-Ÿ\-bl-Wo ‹-Xr-er-[r Il-Wu-I? D-~u-Ir« ]u-cu-g„ D-cu `lcp-b al-óG hvs-I-cr-|u-I. a-šu c-›u bu-e-Xr-I-juG Zl-œ-Xpa-o, al-ò-Xv-a-o, Iu-SuG-_-Ps-er-X-a-o A-~l-~uG "tr-bl-X Ps-er-|u-I! "-d½-£r« D-cu-Œr-b er-el-iG I-»r|u-I-buG a-šu- c-›u-¥]-c Il-au-Ir-al-cl-|r-e-|u-I-buG N-…u-I. "-e†-|o Iu-ƒuG Iu-SuG-_-euG "-‹l-]p-al-br-cr|uG. $-\r al-ò-XvG ¥e-W-a-£r«-Œ-~ "-Xo "-er-ir-Xal-buG "-]-al-\-¥Œl-S-buG al-óG d-`r-|u-~u. aq-~l-aŒ ‹-Xr-er-[r D-~r-d-[r-IG ¥]-c D-cl er-el-iG I-»r|u-I. "-e-c au-»u-e„ a-i-\s-b-al-b ]-Xo-\r ]-Z-er-br-¥d|uG Iu-SuG-_-Ps-er-X-Œr-„t c-kl-¥_l-[-Œr-¥d-|uG
_-iu-`l-cp-XvG: a-XG Id¶¶r-N-XuG hG-el-Z-I† ]tbu-~XuG Il--]u-cG A.]r. "-_q-_-|† au-ho-dpl†
2
bh-Jr-¥bl-Sl-]¶G #-¥cl-Kp-au-¨ a-šl-cu ]-£l-jr-b-|qSr hvs-I-cr-|u-~-Xl-Wo `G-Kr. ]-¥k, es-›uG es-›uG Nr-r|u-I-buG \s-Xr]q†-eG c-›r-W-I-j-buG ]-cr-K-Wr-|u-el„ hl-[r-|u-a-£r« al-óG c-›lG er-el-iG #-Il-eu-~-XualWo. h-aq-i-Œ [†-a-Npu-Xr-br«-\r-~u I-c-I-b-šl-\u-¨ ]-eró-al-b D-cu-]l-[rIq-Sr-bl-Wo _-iu-`l-cp-XvG A-~o er-e-kr|u-~-Xr« X-šr-d½. \r-b-al-\u-ì-XG `†-ò-a-Xr-I-jl-Il„ I»r-bl-Œ-e† "-\l-fl-hp-al†-K-Ÿ-jr-¥d-|o Xr-cr-bu-~u. XXo^-d-al-br dG-Kr-I "-cl-P-I-Xv-euG Pl-c-h--Xr-IjuG ]-cu-Iu-~u. [l†-ar-I ‹-f³-Ÿ X-d-]l-|u-~u. "-¥a-cr-|, {r-ˆ„, ‘l„-ho Xu-S-Ÿr-b ]l-§l-Xp bq-¥tl]p„ \l-Su-I-jr« \r-b-al-\u-ì-X _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-ar-d½-£r-duG "-er-ir-X _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-d-\r«-|u-~u-›o. "-¥a-cr-|-
h-aq-i-Œ [†-a-Npu-Xr-br«-\r-~u I-c-I-b-šl-\u-¨ ]-er-ó-al-b D-cu-]l-[rIq-Sr-bl-Wo _-iu-`l-cp-XvG A-~o er-e-kr-|u-~-Xr« X-šr-d½. \r-b-al-\u-ì-XG `†-ò-a-Xr-I-jl-Il„ I-»r-bl-Œ-e† "-\l-fl-hp-al†-K-Ÿjr-¥d-|o Xr-cr-bu-~u. XXo^-d-al-br dG-Kr-I "-cl-P-I-Xv-euG Pl-c-h--Xr-I-juG ]-cu-Iu-~u. [l†-ar-I ‹-f³-Ÿ X-d-]l-|u-~u br« al-óG ‹-Xr-e†-gG "-°u-d-k-Œr-d-[r-IG Pl-c-fr-fu| ]r-t-|u-~u-›-ó (a-\l-tu« $-ho-dlG a-bo 1985). Xcu-er« P-\r-|u-~ $m a-\u-gp-Ps-er-I <-b†-Œu-~ hl-aqirI-‹-f³-Œ d-jr-X-e-Xo-I-cr-|l-\l-eu-¥al? ¥Ul. #-\r-_-h„to ]-t-bu-~u: EE_-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Zr|u-~ Il-c-WGIl-›o $-ho-dlG Ns-Œ-bl-b-~u Nr-d† ]t-bu-~u. d-›-\r-d D-cu il-jr« A\r|o $m er-g-b-Œ]¶-šr A-„t "-`r-‹l-bG ‹-I-Sr-]¶r-¥|-›r-e-~u. $G-K½-›rd ]-d P-\-Ÿ-juG ‹-Xp-k-al-br B-I-]-ºsØ-X-|l-cuG "¥X-b-e-h-c-Œr« hv-Il-cp-al-br a-šu ðs-I-ju-al-br ep-`r-Nlc-Œr« B†-]¶-Su-~-e-cu-al-W-~o Rl„ Xu-t-~u ]-tƒu. ðs-I-j hG-_-‡r-Nr-S-¥Œl-jG $-ho-dl-ar-d \r-b-aŸ B-š-euG h´u-Xp†-i-Ÿ-jl-Wo. hv-Œo, "-\--cl-e-IlfG, er-el-i-¥al-N-\G au-X-dl-b-e-b hG-_-‡r-Nu-¨ er-gb-Ÿ-jr« ]l-§l-Xpcl-Pp-Ÿ-jr-d \r-b-a-Ÿ-¥j-|l $-hodl-ar-d \r-b-a-Ÿ ¥â-gøal-Wo.'' (Zr d-^o #„Uo SsNrMoho Dl-^o au-i-˜-Zo, al-Æl-ho, Pq‚ 1932 ¥]-Po 3). bq-¥tl-]p„ Ü-™-Il-c-\l-b ¥I½† al-Io-^†-d-br« Nq›r-|l-ˆu-~u: EE_-iu-`l-cp-XvG hl-aq-irI-al-buG hl-Ól†-KrI-al-buG a-X-]-c-al-buG es-kr-Nl« \l-K-cr-I-X-bu-S A-ó
h-au--~-X-al-b al-\-ZþG e-Nu-¥\l-|r-bl-duG "-]-cr-¬ X-a-d½. "-\l-Y-I-juG #-dG-_-is-\-cuG "-e-K-Wr-|-]¶-ˆ-e cu-al-b ðs-I-ju-S ‹-f³-Œr-\o _-iu-`l-cpXvG ‹l-¥bl-Kr-I al-b D-cu ]-cr-il-c-al-Wo. _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-¥g-[r-|u-~ h aq-i-Œr« ep-`r-Nl-c-euG \r-cl-f-¥bl-S Ps-e•-e-al-br I-» bu-~ "-er-el-ir-X-I-juG e†-[r-|u-a-~u-t-]¶l-Wo (Zr ¥I-h Dl-^o ¥]l-¥jl-K-ar, ¥\l‚-U„, 1934, ¥]-Po 30). D-~r-d-[r-IG ]-ºr-al-c hvs-I-cr-|u-~ hl-i-N-cp-euG " e-z-buG $-X-c a-X-Ÿ-jr-duG `m-Xr-I-hr-Šl--Ÿ-jr-duG \ d-er-du-›o. $-ho-dl-ar-d _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-Œr-„t ‹-¥Xp-I-X "-Xu \r-b-Ôr-X-al-Wo A~XlWo. i-x-e]u-cl-W-Ÿ jr« ]-t-bu-~-X-\u-h-cr-No, "-e†-|r-S-br« _-iu-`l-cp-X Œr-\o "-Xr-cu-I-jr-d½. `m-Xr-I h-aq-i-Ÿ-jr-dl-W-£r« `l cp A-~ ‹-f³GX-~-br-d½. ]u-cu-g-\o B-Xo ðs-buG "-e-Il f-]¶-ˆ-Xl-Wo. -P-dl-f-b-Œr-d X-jr-\s-cu-¥]l-d! #† |uG A-¥]¶l ¥e-W-a-£r-duG "-\u-el-Z-ar-d½l-XX-~ < ]-¥bl-Kr-|lG. "-\r-b-Ôr-X-al-b h-ê-Zl-bG ðs-¥bl-So N …u-~ B-š-euG Il-Sr-b ¥Îl-i-euG "-e-¥i-j-\-eu-al-Wo. h aq-i-Œr-„t `-Î-X-buG h-Zl-Nl-c "h´r-el-c-euG "-Xo X I†-Œu-I-j-buG. ¥Ul. au-h´-^-h·-_l-$-bu-S el-|u-I: EE$-ho-dlG Xu-S Ÿr-e-N D-cu Zu-cl-Nl-c-a-~ \r-dÀl-Wo _-iu-`l-cpl-X Œ-]¶-šr XXo]-c-I-kr-I ]-t-bu-~-Xo. b-Yl†-YŒr« ‹l ¹-\h-aq-i-Ÿ-jr« \r-d-\r-~u-¥]l-~ Nr-c ]u-cl-X-\ # Nl-c-al-Wr-Xo. $-ho-dlG "-Xr-\u \r-b-Ô-WG B†-]¶-Su-Œu Ibl-Wu-›l-b-Xo. ]u-cl-X-\ "-Ys-\r-b-Ól†, N-\-|l† `l-c-Xs-b†, _l-_r-¥dl-Wr-b-|l†, $m-Pr]´u-Il† A-~r-e cr-dl-| _-iu-`l-cpl-hG-er-[l-\G <-›l-br-cu-~u. N-\ br-d \r-b-a-hG-ir-X \q-šr-au-]¶-Xo `l-cp-al-ce-c "-\u-e-Z Nr-cu-~u. D-cu N-\s-ho N-Æ-e†-Œr-|o au-]¶-Xr-\l-br-cG `l cp-al-cu-›l-br-cu-~u-e-ó. Pq-X-aXG \r-b-Ô-W-¥a-Xu-ar-d½l-X _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u e-Zr-Nr-cu-~u. _-iu-`l-cp-XvG er-d-|r-|l-›u-¨ ]-cl-a†-f al-~uG _-_r-jr« Il-Wl„ I-»r-bu-I-br-d½. ‹l-Ns-\ Æ-h´-e-cr« _-iu-`l-cpl-h-ê-Zl-bG <-›l-br-cu-~u-e ~l-Wo N-cr-óG ¥c-J-]¶-Su-Œu-~-Xo. B-»lG \q-šl-›u-e-c buG N†-Nr-„t "-\u-a-Xr-¥bl-S _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-d-\r-~ cu-~-Xl-br Zl-œ-XpN-cr-ó-Œr-d #-[r-Il-cr-I ]-þr-X \l-b e-î†-al†-Io ¥c-J-]¶-Su-Œr-br-ˆu-›o. N†-Nr-¥\l `-c W-Iq-S-Œr-¥\l \r†-W-br-|l„ I-»r-bl-Œ-ó "-[r-I-al-b cu-~u "-Xo. ("« "-Jl-Zo, i-Jl-$-Ju« $-ho-dlG 177). Ær-h´pl-\r-I-|r-S-br« e-]¶l-ˆr h-ê-Zl-b-euG \r-d-\ ~r-cu-~u. (¥Ul. au-h´-^-h·-_l-$, "« a†-"-Xu _-\« ^r-Jo-ir e« Jl-\q„ 71, 72). _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-b-Ô-W-¥a Xu-ar-d½l-X-bl-Wo b-iq-Z-Ól†-|r-S-br« \r-d-\r-~u-¥]l-~ Xo. EEPq-X-Ól†-|r-S-br« B-Xu hl-i-N-cp-Œr-duG D-~r-d-[ IG `l-cp-al-c hvs-I-cr-|l„ ]u-cu-g-\o "-\u-a-Xr-bu-›l-b cu-~u.'' (A„-h-¥I½l-]s-Ur-bl {r-ˆl-\r-| 18/186). a-[p-\q-šl-›u-I-jr« Ær-h´p„ a-Xl-[p-k-Ól† _-iu-`l-c Xv-Œ "G-Ks-I-cr-Nr-cu-~u. "-Xl-cu \r-b-al-\u-ì-X \-S-] Sr-bl-br \r-d-\r«-|u-I-buG N-Âu.'' _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e Zr-|-]¶-ˆr-ˆuG au-ho-drŸ-jr« "-Xu Iu-t-el-br-cu-~u A-~ e h´u-X \rg¶-k-a-Xr-I h-˜-Xr-Nr-ˆu-›o. ‹-au-J ]l-§l-X A-»u-Œu-Il-c-\l-b er-dpG I-d½r t-šr-„t el-|u-I EEbl-Yl†YpG a-\-h·r-dl-|r-bl« A-d½l-Il-d-Ÿ-jr-duG au-i-˜ Zs-b-cr« _-iu-`q-cr-]-k-Œr-\uG B-I-]-ºsØ-X-¥a <-›l br-cu-~u-¨q A-~u-Il-WlG.'' (er-dpG I-d½r t-šo, ^r-¥dl h-^r Dl-^o tr-ds-Pp-ho, \pq-¥bl†-|o 1935, ¥]-Po 508). (Xu-Sc- uG)
aX\rbaŸ|uIs»r« alóG _iu`lcpXvG
$-p-br-duG _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Zr-|-]¶-ˆr-ˆuG au-ho-drG-I-
jr« "-Xo Xl-c-X-¥ap-\ Iu-t-el-W-~-Xl-Wo e-h´u-X. $m hê-Zl-bG \r-gr-Š-euG ]l-]-eu-al-br I-cu-Xu-~ Nr-d -h-au-Zlb-Ÿ-jr« $-Xo au-ho-drG-I-jr-¥d-Xr-\-|l Iq-Su-X-dl-W~ I-›-Œ« #-§-cp-I-c-al-br-cr-|u-~u. 1961d $p„ h„-h-hr-„t "-Sr-zl-\-Œr« \-S-Œr-b D-cu ]T-\-Œr« ar-| h-au-Zl-b-Ÿ-jr-duG D-cu ]-cr-[r-e-c $¥]¶l-»uG _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-d-\r«-|u-~u-›-~l-Wo X-jrƒ-Xo. 1951-¿60 Il-d-b-j-er« $-p-br-d ir-xu-|-jr« \S-~ er-el-i-Ÿ-jr« 5.06 f-X-al-\-euG _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-al-brcu-~u-e-£r« $-¥X Il-d-b-j-er« au-ho-drG-I-|r-S-br-d er-el-i-Ÿ-jr« _-iu-`l-cpXvG 4.31 f-X-al-\G al-ó-al-br-cu~u. EEir-xu-|-ju-S $-S-br-d _-iu-`l-cpXvG \r-¥cl-[r-|u-IbuG "-Xl-cu Ær-ar-\« Iu-š-al-|u-I-buG N-Âu-Il-›o \rb-aG ]l-h·l-|r-br-ˆo $-cu-]-Xo e†-g-Ÿ I-»r-ƒr-ˆuG "e†-|r-S-br« $m #-Nl-c-Œ ]l-¥S $-d½l-Á N-…l„ I-»rƒr-ˆr-d½ A-~ e-h´u-X h-˜-Xr-|u-~-Xr« R-Ÿ-|u IuWør-X-au-›o. ($-p„ ðs-I-ju-S ]-Z-er-b hG-_-‡r-No `lcX h†|ltr-„t er-Zpl-`pl-h a-Ôl-d-bG 1974¿« \r¥bl-Kr-N I-˜r-šr-bu-S tr-¥]¶l†-ˆr«-\r-~o). "-\r-b-Ôr-X _-iu-`l-cpXvG Il-Sr-Iu-Œr el-»u-~ hli-N-cp-al-br-cu-~u h-aq-i-Œr-du-›l-br-cu-~-Xo. X-Sr-ar-Su-|u¨-e† b-¥Y-gµG ðs-I-j I-b-S-|r-e-Nu. ]r-Xl-eo a-crNl« "-bl-ju-S `l-cp-al-c "-\--c-hv-Œl-br a-|-¿-ar|-el-tuG aq-Œ-a-I„-¿ hv--al-|r. ðs-I-j ]u-cu-g-Ól† bl-Xl-cu \r-b-Ô-W-eu-ar-d½l-X <-]-¥`l-K-e-h´u-|-jl-|rbr-cu-~ h-aq-i-Œr-„t Nr-óG Eh-_o-<« au-"-d½-Jl-Œo' A-~ er-Jpl-X "-t-_r Il-ep-Ÿ-jr« Il-WlG. $m h-aq-iŒr-dl-Wo \r-b-Ôr-X _-iu-`l-cp-XvG B†-]¶-Su-Œr $-hodlG ðs-h-aq-i-Œr-„t c-k-À-Œr-b-Xo. `l-cp-al-cu-S AüG \l-d-£r-du-al-|r Nu-cu-|l„ au-i-˜-Zo \-_r(h) Id¶¶rNu. ]-ŒuG A-ˆuG "-°u-al-| ]-ºr-al-cu-›l-br-cu-~e† $m Id¶\-b-\u-h-cr-No \l-du-¥]-cl-»r-I a-šu-¨-e-c Xdl-Jo Nl-d½r. $-ho-dlG #-¥f½-gr-N-¥]¶l "-°o `l-cp-al-cu-›l-br-cu~ \m-^« $-_o-\u au-#-er-b-buG A-ˆo `l-cp-al-c e-Nr-cu~ <-a-t-Œu« "-h-Zr-buG ]-Œu `l-cp-al-cu-›l-br-cu-~ K-dl-\u-_o-\u h-d-a-bu-a-d½lG \l-du-¥]-c al-óG \r†Œr ¥f-gr-N-e-c D-»r-el-|r-b-e-cl-Wo. a-XG e-j-c hq-k²-X-¥bl-S ]l-dr-|l„ Id¶r-N-Xl-Wo _-iu-`l-cpXvG, $-Xo \r†-_-‡r-X fl-h-\-b-d½, hl-i-N-cpŒr-„t #-\u-Iq-dpG al-ó-al-Wo. $m hm-I-cpG Zu-cu-]-¥blK-]¶-Su-Œu-~u-›-£r« "-Xo \r-b-a-Œr-„t-¥bl a-X-Œr„t-¥bl ]l-I-]¶r-»-b-d½. $-ho-dlG ‹-¥Xp-I hl-i-N-cpŒr« "-\u-e-Zr-N $-j-eo Zu-cu-]-¥bl-K-]¶-Su-Œu-~-e† $ho-dl-ar-„t au-~r«Œ-~ Iu-š-el-jr-I-jl-Iu-~u. $-ho-dlG "-\u-fl-hr-N a-X-er-[r-I, hvs-I-cr-|-¥Wl ¥e-›-¥bl A-~u Xs-cu-al-\r-|l„ ep-¹r-I-|o "-e-Ilf-au-›o. hvs-I-cr-|u-¥~l \r-cl-I-cr-|u-¥~l A-~-X-d½ au-Jper-g-bG. a-XG ]-t-ƒ Il-cp-Ÿ \r†-`-bG e-jr-]¶-Su-Œdl-Wo. a-X-er-[r-|u au-~r« am-\G Zs-kr-|l„ A-l-blduG A-\r-|l-er-d½. A-~ a-Yr-|u-~ hG-h¦l-c-euG h-¥x-feuG au-i-˜-Zo \-_r(h) ]Tr-]¶r-Nu ]-I†-~u-X-~ a-X-Œr„t _l-dl-[pl-]-\-Ÿ-jl-Wo. h-XpG I-¥]¶-tr-b-Xl-W£r-duG "-Xu-t-| ]-t-b-W-a-~l-Wo a-X-fl-h-\. _-iu-`l-cpXvG $-ho-dl-ar-„t \r†-_-‡-fl-h-\-b-d½. "-Xr-\u ¥‹-cr-]¶r-Nr-ˆu-ar-d½. "-\u-a-Xr \«-Iu-I al-ó-¥a N-
_-iu-`l-cp-XvG: a-XG Id¶¶r-N-XuG hG-el-Z-I† ]tbu-~XuG Il--]u-cG A.]r. "-_q-_-|† au-ho-dpl†
3
Âr-ˆu-¨u. ¥h³-i-\r-[r-bl-b D-cu <-Œ-aIu-SuG-_r-\r-b|l›o "-\u-Ý-is-X-\l-b `†-Œl-eo D-cr-|-duG # ]‚-IlSr-bu-S a-\G X-I†-|-cu-Xo. #-e-fp-ar-d½l-X a-šl-cu-Œr-bIq-S ¥e-|u-~-XuX-~ "-e-ju-S a-\-h·o X-I†-|u-~ Il-cpalWo. $-|l-d-Œo c-›lG er-el-iG #-Zp-Iu-SuG-_Œ X-I†-|-dl-br al-tr-br-ˆu-›o. "-Œ-c-al-cu Ç-Xp-Œr-\o D-cu-œ-Su-¥œl B-t hq-k²-X ]u-d†-Œu-I-buG #-¥dlNr-|u-I-buG ¥e-WG. ]-Xo-\r J-Zs-P(t) Ps-er-Nr-cu-~-¥]¶l a-šl-cl-j ‹-el-NI†(h) er-el-iG I-»r-|u-I-bu-›l-br-d½. "-e-cu-S er-¥blKl-\--c-al-Wo a-šu er-el-i-Ÿ N-Â-Xo. er-[-el-hG-c-k-
$-ho-dlG "-\u-fl-hr-N a-X-er-[r-I, hvs-I-cr-|-¥Wl ¥e-›-¥bl A-~u Xs-cual-\r-|l„ ep-¹r-I-|o "-e-Il-f-au›o. hvs-I-cr-|u-¥~l \r-cl-I-cr-|u-¥~l A-~-X-d½ au-Jp-er-g-bG * * * * `l-cp-b ¥Îl-ir-|u-I, I-go-S-]¶-Su-ŒuI, "-e-¥jl-So ‹-Xr-Il-cG N-…u-I Xu-SŸr-b ]-Z-Ÿ-jl-~uG $-ho-dl-ar-I Zl-œXp \r-b-a-Œr« Il-Wr-d½. \-d½- cs-Xr-br« D-~r-Nu-I-»r-bu-I, "-d½-£r« \-d½- cs-Xrbr«Œ-~ ¥e†-]r-cr-bu-I A-~-XlWo a-X-Œr-„t ‹-Jpl-]r-X X-ŒvG W-euG \r-d-er-d ‹-¥Xp-I hl-i-N-cp-euG ]-cr-K-Wr-Nl-br-cu~u Xr-cu-\-_r-bu-S er-el-i-Ÿ. ]u-cu-g-\o D-~r-d-[r-IG ðs-I-j ¥e-|l-a-£r« D-~rd-[r-IG `†-Œl-|-Ól-c hvs-I-cr-|l„ ðs-|uG hvl-X-ÔpG \«-¥I-›-X-¥d½ A-~o er-a†-f-I† ¥Nl-Zr-|u-~u. Iu-SuG-_-`Î-X-ÀuX-~ $-Xu \r-c-|u-~r-d½-~u al-ó-a-d½, ðs-bu-S ‹Ç-Xr-|uX-~ er-cu-Š-eu-al-Wo. _-iu-`l-cpXvG ]u-cu-g-„t ‹-Ç-Xr-|o "-\u-¥bl-Pp-euG "-`r-Il-ap-eu-al-W-£r« ðs-buS _-iu-`†-ò-XvG D-cu epl-¥al-iG al-ó-al-Iu-~u. K†-`-[l-cW-au-›l-bl« B-Xu ]u-cu-g-¥„t-Xl-W-~o Xr-cr-N-tr-blX hl-aq-ip‹-f³-Ÿ ì-gµr-|uG. "-Xu-Il-›o ðs-br« _-iu-`†-ò-Xvl-h-¹r ì-gµr-|u-~-Xo ‹-Ç-Xr-hG-_-‡r-No ]l-»o-¥e-d-bl-br-cr-|uG. ]u-cu-g-„t _-iu-`l-cp-XvG Ps-e-flð-]-c-al-br \pl-bs-I-cr-|l-eu~-Xl-Wu-Xl-\uG.
D-~r-d-[r-IG ðs-I-j Ps-er-X-]-£l-jr-bl-br hvs-I-cr-|u~-e-\o bl-Xl-cu er-ˆu-es-×-bu-ar-d½l-Œ _l-[p-X-bl-Wo "e†-|r-S-br-du-¨ A-d½l er-ir-X-Ÿ-jr-duG Xu-dp-X ]u-d†-ŒuI-b-~-Xo. Ps-er-X-er-`-e-Ÿ-jr« Xu-dp-X -]u-d†-Œrbl«Œ-~ a-\-h·u-Il-›o ¥h³-i-Œr« Xu-dp-X \r-d-\r†Œl„ I-»r-ƒu-Il-¨-W-a-~r-d½. "-Xu-Il-›o `†-Œl-eo <-›l-eu-I-buG ^-d-Œr« `†Œl-er-d½l-Œ-e-j-¥]¶l-d-bl-eu-I-buG N-…u-~ "-e-z `l-cp-al-cr« #†-|uG e-~u-¥]l-I-cu-Xo. D-cl-ju-S `l-cp-blbr-cr-|u-~r-S-¥Œl-jG a-šl-cl-j `†-Œl-el-br hvs-I-cr|l„ ]-šl-Œ "-e-z-bl-Wo. "-¥X-h-a-bG $-bl I-S]¶l-Su-I \r†-e-ir-|u-~u-ar-d½ A-~ "-e-z e-~u-¥N-cuG. Iu-SuG-_, [l†-ar-I ‹-f³-Ÿ-|o "-Xu e-»r-e-|uG. `†-Œler-\ "-e-|o a-Xr-bl-Il-X e-cr-I-¥bl, "-X-d½-£r« ]sUr-]¶r-|-]¶-SuI¥bl Nbu-~ ]-kG E^-ho-Jr'-dq-S erel-i-¥al-N-\G ¥X-Sl„ ðs-|o "-\u-el-Z-eu-au-›o. ]ºr-al†|r-S-br« \s-Xr-]u-d†-Œu-~-Xr« Xr-cu-\-_r "-Xp-G hqk²-X ]u-d†-Œr-br-cu-~u, Ps-er-X-er-`-e-Ÿ \«-Iu-~-XrduG Zr-e-h-Ÿ `l-Kr-|u-~-Xr-du-a-d½lG. A-~r-ˆuG ¥h³-iŒr« B-š-|u-t-Nr-du-I e-~u-¥]l-br-cr-|u-¥al A-~ Ilcp-Œr« "-er-S-~o <-Xo-I-Wø ‹-I-Sr-]¶r-|u-al-br-cu-~u. ¥h³iG "-j-~u-au-tr-No es-Xr-|l„ I-»r-bu-I-br-d½-¥d½l. `l-cp-al†-|r-S-br« \s-Xr-]u-d†-Œl„ I-»r-bu-a-~u-t-]¶rd½l-Œ-e† D-~r-d-[r-IG ¥]-c er-el-iG I-»r-|l„ Xu-\r-¥b› A-~l-Wo Ju†-#-„t ‹-Jpl-]-\G. D-cu- `l-cp-¥bl-Su-¨ er-¥cl-[G Xs†-|l„ ¥e-›r "-e-j Igµ-]¶-Su-Œu-I A-~ <-¥©-fp-¥Œl-S a-šl-cu-e-j ¥e-|l„ ]l-Sr-d½. "-e-cr-cue-¥cl-SuG D-cu-¥]l-d "-e„ \s-Xr ]u-d†-Œu-I-br-d½ A-~u ep-¹-al-W-¥d½l. `l-cp-b ¥Îl-ir-|u-I, I-go-S-]¶-Su-Œu-I, "-e-¥jl-So ‹-Xr-Il-cG N-…u-I Xu-S-Ÿr-b ]-Z-Ÿ-jl-~uG $ho-dl-ar-I Zl-œ-Xp \r-b-a-Œr« Il-Wr-d½. \-d½- cs-Xr-br« D~r-Nu-I-»r-bu-I, "-d½-£r« \-d½- cs-Xr-br«Œ-~ ¥e†-]rcr-bu-I A-~-Xl-Wo a-X-Œr-„t ‹-Jpl-]r-X X-ŒvG. D-~r-d[r-IG `l-cp-al-c hvs-I-cr-Nr-ˆo "-e-cr« Nr-d-c Igµ-]¶-SuŒu-~u-e-£r« "-bl-ju-S _-iu-`l-cpXvG X-~ Ju†-#\r-„t er-jG-_-c-a-\u-h-cr-No Iu-š-I-c-al-Iu-~u. bl-Xl-cu \r-b-a-euG ]l-dr-|l-X _-iu `l-cp-Xv-euG al-»r-Nl-d½-duG A-~- B†-]¶l-So $-ho-dlG "-\u-e-Zr-Nr-ˆr-d½. a-X\r-b-a-Ÿ ep-¹-al-br ]l-dr-|l„ a-X-Œr-„t ¥a«er-dl-h-au-¨-e† ‹-¥Xp-Ir-NuG a-šu-¨-e† ]l-Xu-erduG <-öl-ir-|-WG. ]T-\-Ÿ-juG Xl-c-X-ap ]T-\-Ÿ-juG A¥]¶l-»uG \-d½-Xl-Wo. "-‡-al-b er-¥cl-[-Ÿ-juG #-¥cl-Kp-Ic-a-d½l-Œ er-a†-f-\-Ÿ-juG Il-›o a-X X-Œv-Ÿ \-fr-|uI-br-d½. ‹-Ç-Xr-b ì-gµr-No Æ-a-]¶-Su-Œr-b í-gµl-el-b "d½l-iu #-Wr-¥\-buG ]-ür-¥\-buG ep-Xp-h´ ‹-Ç-X-Œr-« ì-gµr-Nu. #-¥cl-SuG ]-k-]l-Xr-XvG Il-Wr-Nr-ˆr-d½. Zu†-_-dbl-b ðs-b c-kr-|l„ ]u-cu-g-\ Bd¶r-Nu. "-e-|o ks-W-au-›l-Il-X e-j-c "-\r-el-cp L-ˆ-Ÿ-jr« "-e„ c-›lG `l-cp-b hvs-I-cr-¥|-›r-e-~l« "-Xr« X-šr-d½. atr-No Nr-d-¥]¶l "-Xo "-\r-el-cp-al-br-e-cuG. _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Z-\s-b-al-W-~o ]-t-bu-~-Xr-„t "†-YG $-Xu aló-al-Iu-~u. h-au-Zl-b-Œr« "-hvl-c-hp-Ÿ-¥jl ]-cl-P-bŸ-¥jl Iu-SuG-_f-Yr-dp-Ÿ-¥jl hG-`-er-|u-~u-e-£r« "-Xr-\u-Œ-c-el-Zr, [†-aG \r†-e-ir-|l-Œ h-aq-ilG-KŸ X-~-bl-Iu-~u. ("ehl\rNu)
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ðs hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-\uG "-eI - l-fhG-ck - W - Œ - r-\uG ¥e-›r-bu¨ au-te - r-jr-I <-bc- l„ Xu-SŸ - r-br-ˆo Il-dŸ - j- l-br. ðs-Ij- u-S ep-¹r-]c- e - uG hl-aq-ir-Ie - u-al-b ]-cr-ck - b - d - ½ $-Œc- G "-\†Y-al-b er-dl-]Ÿ - -|o ]r-~r-du-¨X - o. hG-el-ZŸ - j- r« \r-c - cG hl-~r-[p-au-›l-eW - - a-~ Nr-dc- u-S Zu-g_ -µ u-Šr-bl-Wo. A-er-S-bl-Wo ]r-»N - X - o? B-Xu \r-ba- h - G-ir-Xb - l-Wo ðshuc-kr-XX - v-Œr-\uG hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-\uG $-\r "-ed - G-_r-¥|-›X - o. ðshvl-XÔ - p-a-~l« A-l-Wo er-ek - r-¥|-›X - o? A-Ÿ- \bl-WX - r-\u hl†-YI - a- l-b D-cu ]½lš- ¥o- ^lG cq-]s-Ic- r-¥|-›X - o? $m ¥Nl-Zp-Ÿ er-er-[ ¥e-Zr-Ij- r-duG al-[p-aŸ - j- r-duG <-bc- u-~u›oo. ðshvl-XÔ - p-Œr-„t Zu-c - N - r-óŸ - "-be - r-t| - r ¥‹k-I“ - Z- b - Ÿ - -|u au-~r« fm-cpG Il-Wr-|u-~e - †, B-Xu \rb-aa- l-Wo, ep-ez - b - l-Wo ðs-I-|`- r-Il-apG A-~u Xs†-Œu-]t-bl„ X-…l-tl-eu-~r-d.½ A-~u-al-óa- d - ,½ hv-Ps-er-XŒ - r« X-Ÿju-~b - r-|u-~ el-ZG A-óI - › - o ‹l-¥bl-Kr-Ia- l-W-~uG e-jr]¶S- u-Œu-~r-d.½ ir-xu-aX - G, Ær-hu´ a- X - G, $-hd o- lG a-XG Xu-SŸ - r-b a-XŸ - ðs-b-|u-tr-No er-fZ- a- l-¥bl "«-]a- l-¥bl ]-cl-a†-fr-|u-~u›o. a-I, `l-cp, al-Xl-eo A-~s X-dŸ - j- r« ðs ]l-dr-¥|-› \rb-a¿- \ - r†-¥Z-fe - r-[r-er-d| - u-Ij- uG Nr-d a-X Ü-™Ÿ - j- r« er-fZ- al-br ‹-Xr-]l-Zr-Nr ˆ- u-›o. a-XŸ - ðs-I-|o \«-Iu-~ ep-¹r-]c- a- l-b hu-ck - b - uG hvl-XÔ - p-euG hl-aq-ir-IP - s-er-XŒ - r« B-X-dl½ G \r-dÀ - l-Wo "-Sb - l-j- ]¶ˆ- uIr-S| - u-~- X-~u Nr-r-|l-X, ðs-I- j Iq-SuX« "-ck - r-Xl-ez - b - r-¥d-|o \-br-|l-\l-Wo ar-| hG-el-ZI - cuG er-a†-fI - c- uG â-ar-|u-~X - o. ðs-ha- X - v-hv-lX-Ôp-el-ZrI #-ef - p-]¶S- u-~ X-cŒ - r-du-¨ hvl-XÔ - pG d-`r-N \l-Su-Ij- r«-\r~o ðs]s-U\ - Œ - r-„t R-ˆr-|u-~ I-YI - j- l-Wo ]u-tŒ - u-ec- u~-Xo. hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-„t-buG "-eI - l-fŸ - j- u-S-buG ¥]-cr« ðs-I- j X-cu-er-¥d-|o e-dr-Nr »- À - u-~e - † es-Sr-\u-]u-tŒ - o ðsIj-\u-`e - r-Nu - Il-›r-cr-|u-~ bl-X\ - I - - j ¥_l-[] - q†-eG erh²c- r-|u-Ib - l-Wo. dG-Kr-I¥- I-jr-I-|u-¥e-›r al-óG ðs-I- j er-\r-¥bl-KrNrc- u-~ ‹l-ÇX - hG-hl¦ c- Œ - r«-\r-~u ¥al-N\ - G d-`r-|l-Œ D-cu h-aq-ia- ¥- [p-\r-~l-Wo ðs-hvl-XÔ - p-Œr-„t e†-WI - Y - I - er-hc-´ r-Nu ] - t- b - u-~- X-~u-Iq-Sr hG-el-Z¥- ‹-ar-I Dl†-Œr-cr-|WG. "-er-S ¥Pl-dr-zd - Ÿ - j- r-duG ]T-\¥- I-æŸ - j- r-duG hv-G es-Su-Ij- r« ¥]l-duG ðs-I ]u-cu-g\ - l« ¥e-ˆb - l-S- ]¶ˆuIl›r-cr-|u-Ib - l-Wo. a-X¥- al Z†-f\ - Ÿ - ¥- jl "-d,½ $-Xr-\u I - l-cW - euG \r-ar-Œe - uG. a-tr-No `m-Xr-Ie - l-ZŸ - j- u-S \-be-Id - p-euG e-cu-[p-Ÿj- u-al-Wo. ðs-bu-S hv-XvG \r-d\ - r†-Œr "-e- j Nq-gW - Œ - r«-\r-~u hG-ck - r-|u-~ \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-Wo $-hd o- lG \-S] - r¶ «-ec- u-Œr-bX - o. h-aq-iŒ - r-„t ¥h³i - e - uG ]-cr-Nc- W - e - uG d-`r-¥|-›e - j- l-Wo ðs A-~o au-i˜ - Z- o \-_r(h) ]Tr-]r¶ N - u . al-\p-euG ¥h³i - l†-Îe - ual-b h-as-]\ - G ðs-I¥- jl-So I-|l-¨W - - a-~o $-hd o- lG \rgoI - †-gr-Nu . Ju†-#„ ]Tr-]r¶ | - u-~u: EE\r-Ÿ \r†-eX -¼ r-Il-¨l„ \rŸ-jr«-\r-~u-X- ~ $-W- b ì-grµ N - X - o "-dl½ i - u-er-„t Ì-glµ -Ÿj- r« ]-ˆX - l-Iu-~u. \r-Ÿ-|r-Sb - r« "-e„ ¥h³i - e - uG I-cu-Wb - uG ìgµrN - u Nr-r-|u-~e - †-|r-Xr« Ku-W] - lT-au-›o.'' ðs-I- j hG-ck - r-|u-~X - r-¥\l-Sl-]G¶ "-e†-|o h-aq-iŒr« h-au-~X - ]-Ze - r-buG ]-cr-KW - \ - b - uG $-hd o- lG \«-Iu-~u. "-]c- r-¬X - e - uG ‹l-ÇX - e - u-al-b \-bh - a- s-]\ - a- l-br-cu-~u $-hodl-ar-„t #-Ka- \ - Œ - r-\u-au-œo ]-db - r-SŒ - uG ðs-I-|u-¥\-c I-bl-jr-br-cu-~X - o. ðs-|o “-Zb - a- u-¥›l A-~u-¥]l-duG hG-fbr-Nr c- u-~ hr-Šl-Ÿ - -|uG h-aq-iŸ - -|uG a-¥[p-bl-Wo Eðs' h-aq-iŒ - r-„t "†-[e - r-`l-Ka- l-W-~uG "-ej- u-S ]l-ZŒr-\u- Is-»r« hv†-Ka- u-›-~uG ‹-Jpl-]r-No $-hd o- lG ðs-ha- qi-Œ _-iu-al-\r-NX - o; "-e†-|o h-aq-iŒ - r« "†-ia- l-b hvl-XÔ - p-euG "-eI - l-fe - uG \«-Ir-bX - o. er-Zp "-`p-hr-|« ðs-
I-|uG ]u-cu-gÓ - l†-|uG a-X_ - l-[p-Xb - l-W-~u I«-]r¶ N - X - rdq-S ðs-ha- q-i- Œ ]u-cu-g- \l-]G¶ ]-cr-ck - \«-Iu-Ib - l-Wo au-i˜ - Z- o \-_r(h) N-ÂX - o. D-cu ðs er-el-ir-Xb - l-Iu-¥œl-»l-Wo "-ej- u-S hv-XvG ]-cr-ckr-|- ]¶S- u-~X - o. al-Xl-]r-Xl-|j- l-duG h-¥il-Zc- Ÿ - j- l-duG ]r~ `†-Œl-er-\l-duG \-br-|- ]¶¥- S-›e - j- l-Wo ðs-b-~uG "e-ju-S ]q†-W hG-ck - W - G ]r-~s-So `†-Œl-er« \r-kr-]a-´ lW-~uG $-hd o- lG \r†-¥Z-fr-Nu . ðs-b er-el-iG I-»r-|u¥œl "-e-|o er-el-ia- q-dpG (a-io†) \«-IW - - a-~uG hu-Jhm-Ic- p-Ÿ \«-Iu-~X - r« I-Wr-fX - ]u-d†-ŒW - - a-~uG \rg¦†g - r-Nu . $-hd o- l-ar-d e-el-ir-I \r-ba- Ÿ - ðs-Ij- u-S c-kÀ - lWo ‹l-[l-\pG \«-Iu-~X - o. D-~r-d[ - r-IG ðs-I- j ¥e-W- a-£r« er-el-iG-N-…l-a-~ Ju†-#\ - r-I Xl-X] o- c- pG #-[u-\r-I h-aq-
_l-[p-XI - j- r«-\r-~u au-¹b - l-|r. ]u-cu-g¥- \l-SuG ígµle - o Zbl-]c- \ - l-Wo. "-e- „t <-ªv-de - p-¹r-XvG ]-cr-ck - r-|l-\l-efp-al-b "-[r-Il-cŸ - j- uG hm-Ic- p-Ÿj- uG \«-Ir. ]u-cu-g¥- \l-SuG ðs-¥bl-SuG "-e† c-›u-Iq-ˆc- uG ¥N†-~u-›l-Iu-~ a-\u-gp-ha- qi-¥Œl-Sl-ˆl-I-buG "-dl½ i - u N- a-iŒ - l-b D-cu Il-cuWp-Œr-„t ^-da- l-Wo \r-bÔ - r-Xa- l-b _-iu-`l-cp-XvG. ]u-cu-g- „t-buG ðs-bu-S-buG ‹-ÇX - r-]c- e - uG fl-cs-cr-Ie - uG al-\h - r-Ie - u-al-b _-iu-er-[ Xl-X] o- c- p-Ÿ hG-ck - r-|- ]¶¥- S›-Xu-›o. "-ec- u-S hvl-zp-Œr-\uG h-aq-iŒ - r-„t fl-r]q†-Wa- l-b ]u-¥cl-KX - r-|uG `-ÎX - À - uG "-Xl-ef - p-al-Wo. ðs]u-cu-g„-al-cu-S Ps-er-X]q†-Œs-Ic- W - Œ - r-\u-¨ <-]l[r-bl-Wo er-el-iG. D-~r-d[ - r-IG ðs-I- j ¥e-|u-~X - o ]u-cug„ "-`r-au-Js-Ic- r-|u-~ hl-iN - c- p-Œr-„t-buG ‹-fh -³ £ - s†W-Xb - u-S-buG "-Sr-zl-\Œ - r« al-óa- l-Wo.
$-ho-dl-ar-d e-el-ir-I \r-b-a-Ÿ ðs-I-ju-S c-k-Àl-Wo ‹l-[l-\pG \«-Iu-~-Xo. D-~r-d-[r-IG ðs-I-j ¥e-W-a-£r« er-el-iG-N-…l-a-~ Ju†-#-\r-I Xl-Xo-]-cpG #-[u-\r-I h-aq-i-Œr-„t hlG-h¦l-cr-Il-`pu-~-Xr-buG [†-a-¥_l-[-euG d-kpGe-Nl-Wo
C c-¥›l, aq-¥~l, \l-¥dl ]-c-al-e-[r \l-du-e-c ðs-I-j er-el-iG N-…lG. $-Xo \r†-_-‡ Id¶¶-\-¥bl ¥‹-c-W-¥bl "-d½. D-cu- Xu-t-~ "-\u-el-ZG al-óG. \s-Xr ]l-dr-|l„ I-»r-bu-a-~o ¥Xl-~u-~r-d½-£r« $m "-\u-el-ZG $-ho-dlG \r-cl-I-cr-|u-~u i-Œr-„t hlG-hl¦ c- r-Il-`pu-~X - r-buG [†-a¥- _l-[e - uG dkpGe-Nl W - o. "-Xpl-ef - p-Lˆ- Ÿ - j- r« Xs†-ŒuG "-\r-el-cpal-b hl-iN - c- p-Œr-dl-Wo D-~r-d[ - r-IG `l-cp-al-c ¥e-|l„ $-hd o- lG "-\u-aX - r \«-Iu-~X - o. ]-ºr-al†-|r-Sb - r« I-Wr-fa- lb cs-Xr-br« \s-Xr-buG Xu-dp-Xb - uG ]l-dr-|l-\uG ]u-d†-Œl-\uG I-»r-bW - - a-~ \r-_‡ - \ - I - ¥- jl-S-bl-Wo "-\u-aX - r \«-Ir-bXo. c-¥›l, aq-¥~l, \l-¥dl ]-ca- l-e[ - r \l-du-e- c ðs-I- j erel-iG N-…lG. $-Xo \r†-_‡ - Id¶\ -¶ ¥- bl ¥‹-cW - ¥- bl "-d.½ D-cu- Xu-t~ - "-\u-el-ZG al-óG. \s-Xr ] - l-dr-|l„ I-»r-bu-a-~o ¥Xl-~u-~r-d½£ - r« $m "-\u-el-ZG $-hd o- lG \r-cl-Ic- r-|u-~u. $-hd o- lG "-\u-eZ- r-N _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-bÔ - r-Xa- l-Wo. ]-d- \r_-‡\ - I - j- uG a-XG "-Xr-\u \r-§b - r-Nr ˆ- u-›o. ]-d Il-cW - Ÿ - _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-Œr-¥d-|o ]u-cu-g- \ \-br-|u-~u-›o. ðs-bu-SbuG ]u-cu-g- „t-buG ‹-ÇX - pl-du-¨ "-ez - I - $-Xr-\u a-Xrbl-b X-jr-el-Wo. $-hd o- l-ar-„t I†-af - l-ðÜ - ™ - Ÿ - j- r-« ere-cr-Nr ˆ- u-¨ Il-cW - Ÿ - j- l-Wo _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-Œ-|u-tr-No Rl„ "-`r-‹l-b- ]¶ˆ- X - o. Rl„ Xu-t~ - u-]t- ƒ - \r-ce - [ - r Il-cW - Ÿ - jr«-\r-~o "-‹h - ¹ - a- l-b Nr-d `l-KŸ - ]l-|r-]r¶ S- r-Nl W - o $-Xr-\-Xr-c ]-dc- uG cG-KŒ - r-tŸ - r-bX - o. $-hd o- l-ar-„t \r-ba- Ÿ - - j er-db - r-cu-Œu-¥œl D-~l-aXl-br â-Šr-¥|-›X - o "-Xo "-dl½ i - u-er-„t \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-Iu~u A-~X - l-Wo. #-cu-S-buG hvl†-YX - l-X] o- c- p-Ÿ hG-ck - r|l„ <-›l-|r-b \r-ba- Ÿ - j- d - ½ "-Xo. ]u-cu-gÓ - l†-¥|l ðsI-¥|l "-d½£ - r« `-cW - I - †-Œl-|-¥|l, a-Xh - G-LS- \ - I-¥|l # \r-ba- \r†-al-WŒ - r« bl-Xl-cu ]-£u-ar-d.½ $-hodl-ar-„t ‹-el-NI - „ au-i˜ - Z- o (h) ¥]l-duG $-hd o- l-ar-I er-[rI ]-tƒ - X - o "-dl½ i - u-er-„t ¥_l-[\ - G (e-ib o- o) "-\u-hc- rNu al-óa- l-Wo. a-\u-gp-„t al-ŒG hu-ck - b - uG ]u-¥cl-KX - r-bual-Wo "-dl½ i - u <-¥©-fr-|u-~X - o. Z-er-I \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-e- ˆ ì-grµ P - l-dŸ - j- u-S au-»u-e„ ]-crar-Xr-Ij- uG ‹-fŸ -³ j- uG zr-Xr-KX - r-Ij- uG "-tr-bl-eu-~ ]-ca- I - lcu-Wr-I\ - l-b ígµle - r-„t \r-ba- Ÿ - j- l-Wo. $-hd o- lG a-\u-gpcl-fr-bu-S Ps-er-X] - ™ - l-el-br "-dl½ i - u h£d¶rN - X - r-„t dkpG a-\u-gph-aq-i¥- Œl-Su-¨ Il-cu-Wp-euG Z-bl-el-b] o- u-alWoo. ]u-cu-g¥- \l-SuG ðs-¥bl-SuG í-glµ e - o Il-cu-WpG Il-ˆu-~u. ‹Ç-Xpl Zm†-_d - p-Ÿj- u-¨ ðs-¥bl-So ]-de - r-[Œ - r-dl-Wo ‹-hu´ X Il-cu-WpG. "-ej- u-S hG-ck - W - G ]u-cu-g- \ Bd¶rN - u . I-\Œ -
B-Xu h - l-iN - c- p-Œr-duG #-Ps-e\ - l-G D-cu `l-cp al-ó¥- a ]lSu-¨q A-~o "-\u-fl-hr-Nl « "-Xo ]u-cu-g¥- \l-S-~¥- ]l-d ðs-¥bl-SuG N-…u-~ Il-SuG¥Îl-ia- l-br-cr-|uG. D-cu ðs er-eli-¥al-N\ - G N-…- ]¶S- u-~u, "-d½£ - r« hv-bG er-el-i¥- al-N\G ¥\-Su-~u. "-d½£ - r« er-[e - b - l-Iu-~u. a-šl-cu ]u-cu-g- \ ¥e-|W - - a-£r« "-e "-bl-ju-S #-Zp-`l-cp-bl-eu-~X - r\-|l hl-[p-X c-›lG `l-cp-¥bl aq-~lG `l-cp-¥bl #-eu-~Xl-Wo. ]u-cu-g\ - o c-›lG er-el-iG ]l-Sr-d½£ - r«, "-Ye - l `l-cpb D-cu Il-cW - e - f - l-duG <-¥]-kr-|l„ ]l-Sr-d½£ - r«, hv-bG er-el-i¥- al-N\ - G ¥\-Sr-b ðs-|o A-Ÿ- \ ]u-Xr-bl-cu `†-Œler-\ Ir-ˆuG? Zl-œX - p-Ps-er-XG \-br-|l„ I-»r-bl-Œe - ü - G `l-cp ¥cl-Kr-Wr¥bl e-‡p-¥bl #-eu-~ h-x†-`Ÿ - j- u-›l-Iu-~u. "-e- j alóG \r-d\ - r†-Œr `†-Œl-eo a-cW - G e-c Xs Xr-~W - - a-~u ]-tbu-~X - o \s-Xr-bl-¥Wl? A-£r« # Zl-œX - pG D-cu Zu-c - \ - l-SI - al-br-cr-|uG. er-[e - D-cu ]u-cu-g- „t c-›lG er-el-iŒ - r-dq-Sb-£r-duG Ps-er-XŒ - r-¥d-|o I-S~ - u-ec- u-~X - ¥- d½ bu-¹r-hi - G. \r-bÔ - r-X _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-al-¥Wl, "-¥- h·l- S Nr-d L-ˆŸ - jr« c-›lG `l-cp-bl-br I-»r-¥b-›r-ec- u-~X - uG K-Xr-br-dl½ - X er[-e #-¤i - X - p N-…u-~X - uG X-˜r« B-Xl-Wo I-cW - s-bG? ]u-cu-gÓ - l-c-|l ðs-Ij- u-S A-üG Æ-al-Xs-Xa- l-br e†[r-|u-~ ]-d- L-ˆŸ - j- u-›o. c-›lG ¥dl-Ibu-Š- Œ Xu-S†-~o P†-a\ - r-br-duG a-šuG $m ‹-Xr-`l-hG I-›X - l-Wo. A-ˆu-e†-gG \s› K-^o bu-ŠŒ - r-„t ^-da- l-br $-tl-\r-duG $-tl-Jr-duG ]Œu d - k - ¥- Œl-jG #-Wu-Ÿ a-cr-NlS- u-Ÿr. B-Xl-›o "-óX-~ e-\r-XI - er-[e - I - j- l-b-~u Nu-cu-|G. $-tl-\r-duG $-tlJr-duG "-Xo hl-aq-ip-‹f - Ÿ -³ ì-grµ N - u . $-Œc- - al-cu ]-cr-Xz - r-Xr-br«, ]-›o P†-a\ - r-brdu-›l-bXu-¥]l-d E$m-e\rMo K-îu-I- j' #-ef - p-au-›-~o es-Sr-„t ¥K-šr« ¥_l†-Uo e-|l„ \r†-_‡ - r-Xa- l-Iu-~ "-ez - <›l-Ic- u-Xo. bu-ŠŒ - r-„t-buG a-šu I-Su-Xr-Ij- u-S-buG Il-cpG $cr-|- ˆ, hl-[l-cW - K - X - r-br«-X- ~ ðs-bu-S "G-Kh - G-Jp ]ucu-gÓ - l-cu-¥S-Xr-\-|l Iq-Su-Xd - l-W-~o h„-hh - o tr¥]¶l†-ˆu-I Il-Wr-|u-~u. e-\r-XI - j- u-S ]-cu-]G¶ <-b†-Œr-erSu-~ ‹-fŒ -³ r-\o ]-cr-il-cG D-~r-d[ - r-IG `l-cp-al-c \r-ba- l-\u-ìXG hvs-Ic- r-|l„ ]u-cu-g- \ "-\u-eZ- r-|u-Ib - l-W¥- d½l. (Xu-Sc- uG)
\rŸjlWo elbr|u~Xo? Ku†Nc‚Zlho Xrc¥|trb epl]lc¥IæŸjuS aqd Ào Dcu d{tr. $p„ \KcŸjuS ] Xreo Il×blWo elb¶l d{trIy. hv bG ck]¶Sl„ âar|u~ $p„ a[p e†KŒr„t ‹XsIeuG. Rl„ #Zpalbr Dcu elb¶l d{tr br«¥]lb ZrehG Dl†|uIblWo. " ~\r|o DœXu ebh·lbrˆu›lIuG. R Ÿj~o hrGdbrdlWo XlahG. esˆr\Su ŒuX~ Dcu elb¶l d{trbu¨Xo Rl„ I›Œr. ]¥k, A„t ‹rb ]¶ˆ E^l„tG' ¥IlarI·o ASuŒuIl›u ecl„ "˜ h˜Xr|rd½. "XuIl›o A\rUo_½š„t Dcu ]uh´IG Rl„ ISaSuŒu. Rl„ #Zpalbr d{tr br« \r~SuŒ ]uh´IG. A„t a|y IuˆrIjlbrcu~¥]¶ly RŸy auG_brdlbrcu~u XlahG. esˆr\SuŒo IG]oho ¥Il†Wtr« Dcu elb¶l d{trbu¨Xo "e† I› Œr. $¥]¶ly A„t IuSuG_lGKŸy ]ch¶cG IlWu¥œly huJal¥Wl A ~d½ ¥NlZr|ltuo. ]IcG ¥NZr|uG: EE$ ¥]¶l»l elbr|u~Xo?'' edrb \KcŸjr« “Zb`lKŒo Dcu edrb
duG \r†arNu \«Iu~rd½. ]r~ $p |l† AuN…uG. BXlblduG \˜y etu¥Xbrcr|rd½. \˜y INeS ¥Iæ Ÿjr« elb¶l d{tr XuSŸuG. hvbG ck]¶Sl„ âar|u~ $p„ a[pe† KŒr„t ‹XsIalWo elb¶ld{tr Iy. h†|l† h¦qjuIy \r†arNrd½ £r« \˜y ¥NcrIjr« hvIlcp h¦qju Iy \r†ar|uG. h†|l† #h¶ór Iˆr brd½£r« \˜y Ndeu Iutƒ NrIr öl¥IæŸy \r†ar|uG. elb\fldl ‹zl\Œr„t "ac |l† ¥IcjsbclWo. 1880IjrdlWo "e #cG`rNXo. ZcrÎclb ÜlasW†|o ]óG zrcalbr elŸl\u¨ ¥fgr <›lbr cu~rd½. "XuIl›o "e† elb\fld Iy XuSŸr. ašu¨e†|o ¥Iy|l\lbr Dcly ]óG
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hlGJp¥blKG kr|WG A~o $m ¥f½lIŒ eplJpl\r|u~Xu fcrbd½. Ilc WG fcscŒr„t \rd\rd¶r\lefpalb "~]l\lZrIy hali cr|buG "\u`er|buG N…lX #†|uG I»rbl\lerd½¥d½l. #ilcerilcŸy|o "cŸlcu|u~ ‹ÇXr¥blSu¨ IS Ÿy esˆlXbuG ]šrd½. ìgµrIjl| D¥c bÉŒrd ]£l jrIjlW~o (hibÉlH ‹Pl ìgµvl) e»r¥b ]tbu~u. $m ¥f½lIXlXo]cpG au\rbuS BIlÜX Ar\u ¥\¥cblWo A~u IlWr|uI alóalWo. au\r Ad½lG N…u~u A~Xd½ NrlergbG. dmIrI epeilcŸjr« B†]¶Su¥œly ]ud†¥Œ›u~ Zr fl¥_l[Œ|utrNlWo $m ¥hlZlicW ‹h´leG. Zrfl¥_l [ard½lŒXd½lG D»u|r\l]¶G \sŸu~u. ]¥k, atuIcb]¶šr fcrblb _uŠr <¨e„ D»u|r\u IutuI \su~u. "¥Xha bG, Xl\uG D»u|rdlWo A~o "e\o "trblG. "e„ "trbWG. \su¥œl»uG Xl„ D»uIu~u›~uG "Xo "\relcpalW~uIq SrbuG "e„ "trbWG. (Xu-S-cuG)
[†a-Npu-Xrbr« \r-~o c-kl-al†KG, ‹-Ç-Xr-Xl-Xo-]-cp-Œr-\-\u-ìXG
]l-§l-Xp-,bq-¥tl-]p„ \l-Su-I-jr-d X-cu-¥el-c-Ÿ-jr« KXr-I-ˆo "-d-bu-~ er-el-i-¥al-Nr-X-I-juG er-[-e-I-juG "Xp-G Z-b-\s-b-al-b Nr-ó-al-Wo. ]-Sr-ƒl-tr-„t hv-X-Ô¥dl-I-Œo ðs-h-aq-iG "-\u-`-er-|u-~ $-Œ-cG Igµ-]¶l-So I›l-Wo ¥Ul. ar-ho #-\r-_-h„to Ed-^o #„Uo Ss-NrMoho Dl-^o au-i-˜-Zo' A-~ Ü-™-Œr« $-ho-dl-ar-d _-iu`l-cp-Xv-Œ el-Ûr-]¶-t-ƒ-Xo. c-›lG ¥dl-I a-il-bu-Š-Œr-„t ^-d-al-br er-[-e-I-juG "-\l-Y-fr-fu-|-juG P†-a-\r-br« I-W-|-š cs-Xr-br« ì-gµr|-]¶-ˆu. er-[-e-I-j A-~-d½, I-\p-I-I-jŒ-~ ¥e|l-¥\l "-\l-Y-fr-fu-|-j ]-cr-]l-dr-|l-¥\l #-jr-d½l-Xlbr. $m ‹-f³G A-Ÿ-\ ]-cr-i-cr-|l-a-~-Xr-\-|u-tr-No #-¥dl-Nr-|l„ 1958¿« apq-Wr-|r« ¥N†-~ ¥e-Uo bqŒo ¥Il‚-^t„-ho er-er-[ ]-cr-il-c-Ÿ N†-N N-Â-¥fgG A-Œr-¥N†-~-Xo _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \-S-]¶l-|-W-a-~ Xs-cual-\-Œr-dl-br-cu-~u. "-\l-Yl-e-z-br« ]l-tu-Xr-I-ˆ- e\r-X-I, _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Zr-Nu-Il-›o \r-b-aG ¥`-Z-KXr N-…-W-a-~l-e-fp-]¶-ˆo ¥_l-Wr« ‹-I-S-\-Ÿ \-SŒu-I-bu-›l-br. au-ho-drG ]-þr-XÓl† ]-t-b-ˆ: EE$-ho-dl-ar-d _-iu-`lcp-Xv-Œ|u-tr-No Nr-d† epl-]-I-al-br ¥Il-dl-i-dG \-S-ŒuI-bl-Wo. "-Xo h-aq-i-Œr« Ku-cu-X-c-al-b `-er-gp-Œo ìgµr-|u-~u-e-~ #-¥cl-]-WG f-cr-bl-¥Wl? #-¥cl-]-I† P†-a-\r-br-¥d-|o ¥\l-|u-I. D-cu bu-el-er-\o aq-~o bu-e-XrI A-~ ¥Xl-Xr-dl-Wo P-\-hG-Jp. $m ‹-f³-Œr-\o A-Ÿ\-bl-Wo ‹-Xr-er-[r Il-Wu-I? D-~u-Ir« ]u-cu-g„ D-cu `lcp-b al-óG hvs-I-cr-|u-I. a-šu c-›u bu-e-Xr-I-juG Zl-œ-Xpa-o, al-ò-Xv-a-o, Iu-SuG-_-Ps-er-X-a-o A-~l-~uG "tr-bl-X Ps-er-|u-I! "-d½-£r« D-cu-Œr-b er-el-iG I-»r|u-I-buG a-šu- c-›u-¥]-c Il-au-Ir-al-cl-|r-e-|u-I-buG N-…u-I. "-e†-|o Iu-ƒuG Iu-SuG-_-euG "-‹l-]p-al-br-cr|uG. $-\r al-ò-XvG ¥e-W-a-£r«-Œ-~ "-Xo "-er-ir-Xal-buG "-]-al-\-¥Œl-S-buG al-óG d-`r-|u-~u. aq-~l-aŒ ‹-Xr-er-[r D-~r-d-[r-IG ¥]-c D-cl er-el-iG I-»r|u-I. "-e-c au-»u-e„ a-i-\s-b-al-b ]-Xo-\r ]-Z-er-br-¥d|uG Iu-SuG-_-Ps-er-X-Œr-„t c-kl-¥_l-[-Œr-¥d-|uG
_-iu-`l-cp-XvG: a-XG Id¶¶r-N-XuG hG-el-Z-I† ]tbu-~XuG Il--]u-cG A.]r. "-_q-_-|† au-ho-dpl†
2
bh-Jr-¥bl-Sl-]¶G #-¥cl-Kp-au-¨ a-šl-cu ]-£l-jr-b-|qSr hvs-I-cr-|u-~-Xl-Wo `G-Kr. ]-¥k, es-›uG es-›uG Nr-r|u-I-buG \s-Xr]q†-eG c-›r-W-I-j-buG ]-cr-K-Wr-|u-el„ hl-[r-|u-a-£r« al-óG c-›lG er-el-iG #-Il-eu-~-XualWo. h-aq-i-Œ [†-a-Npu-Xr-br«-\r-~u I-c-I-b-šl-\u-¨ ]-eró-al-b D-cu-]l-[rIq-Sr-bl-Wo _-iu-`l-cp-XvG A-~o er-e-kr|u-~-Xr« X-šr-d½. \r-b-al-\u-ì-XG `†-ò-a-Xr-I-jl-Il„ I»r-bl-Œ-e† "-\l-fl-hp-al†-K-Ÿ-jr-¥d-|o Xr-cr-bu-~u. XXo^-d-al-br dG-Kr-I "-cl-P-I-Xv-euG Pl-c-h--Xr-IjuG ]-cu-Iu-~u. [l†-ar-I ‹-f³-Ÿ X-d-]l-|u-~u. "-¥a-cr-|, {r-ˆ„, ‘l„-ho Xu-S-Ÿr-b ]l-§l-Xp bq-¥tl]p„ \l-Su-I-jr« \r-b-al-\u-ì-X _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-ar-d½-£r-duG "-er-ir-X _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-d-\r«-|u-~u-›o. "-¥a-cr-|-
h-aq-i-Œ [†-a-Npu-Xr-br«-\r-~u I-c-I-b-šl-\u-¨ ]-er-ó-al-b D-cu-]l-[rIq-Sr-bl-Wo _-iu-`l-cp-XvG A-~o er-e-kr-|u-~-Xr« X-šr-d½. \r-b-al-\u-ì-XG `†-ò-a-Xr-I-jl-Il„ I-»r-bl-Œ-e† "-\l-fl-hp-al†-K-Ÿjr-¥d-|o Xr-cr-bu-~u. XXo^-d-al-br dG-Kr-I "-cl-P-I-Xv-euG Pl-c-h--Xr-I-juG ]-cu-Iu-~u. [l†-ar-I ‹-f³-Ÿ X-d-]l-|u-~u br« al-óG ‹-Xr-e†-gG "-°u-d-k-Œr-d-[r-IG Pl-c-fr-fu| ]r-t-|u-~u-›-ó (a-\l-tu« $-ho-dlG a-bo 1985). Xcu-er« P-\r-|u-~ $m a-\u-gp-Ps-er-I <-b†-Œu-~ hl-aqirI-‹-f³-Œ d-jr-X-e-Xo-I-cr-|l-\l-eu-¥al? ¥Ul. #-\r-_-h„to ]-t-bu-~u: EE_-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Zr|u-~ Il-c-WGIl-›o $-ho-dlG Ns-Œ-bl-b-~u Nr-d† ]t-bu-~u. d-›-\r-d D-cu il-jr« A\r|o $m er-g-b-Œ]¶-šr A-„t "-`r-‹l-bG ‹-I-Sr-]¶r-¥|-›r-e-~u. $G-K½-›rd ]-d P-\-Ÿ-juG ‹-Xp-k-al-br B-I-]-ºsØ-X-|l-cuG "¥X-b-e-h-c-Œr« hv-Il-cp-al-br a-šu ðs-I-ju-al-br ep-`r-Nlc-Œr« B†-]¶-Su-~-e-cu-al-W-~o Rl„ Xu-t-~u ]-tƒu. ðs-I-j hG-_-‡r-Nr-S-¥Œl-jG $-ho-dl-ar-d \r-b-aŸ B-š-euG h´u-Xp†-i-Ÿ-jl-Wo. hv-Œo, "-\--cl-e-IlfG, er-el-i-¥al-N-\G au-X-dl-b-e-b hG-_-‡r-Nu-¨ er-gb-Ÿ-jr« ]l-§l-Xpcl-Pp-Ÿ-jr-d \r-b-a-Ÿ-¥j-|l $-hodl-ar-d \r-b-a-Ÿ ¥â-gøal-Wo.'' (Zr d-^o #„Uo SsNrMoho Dl-^o au-i-˜-Zo, al-Æl-ho, Pq‚ 1932 ¥]-Po 3). bq-¥tl-]p„ Ü-™-Il-c-\l-b ¥I½† al-Io-^†-d-br« Nq›r-|l-ˆu-~u: EE_-iu-`l-cp-XvG hl-aq-irI-al-buG hl-Ól†-KrI-al-buG a-X-]-c-al-buG es-kr-Nl« \l-K-cr-I-X-bu-S A-ó
h-au--~-X-al-b al-\-ZþG e-Nu-¥\l-|r-bl-duG "-]-cr-¬ X-a-d½. "-\l-Y-I-juG #-dG-_-is-\-cuG "-e-K-Wr-|-]¶-ˆ-e cu-al-b ðs-I-ju-S ‹-f³-Œr-\o _-iu-`l-cpXvG ‹l-¥bl-Kr-I al-b D-cu ]-cr-il-c-al-Wo. _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-¥g-[r-|u-~ h aq-i-Œr« ep-`r-Nl-c-euG \r-cl-f-¥bl-S Ps-e•-e-al-br I-» bu-~ "-er-el-ir-X-I-juG e†-[r-|u-a-~u-t-]¶l-Wo (Zr ¥I-h Dl-^o ¥]l-¥jl-K-ar, ¥\l‚-U„, 1934, ¥]-Po 30). D-~r-d-[r-IG ]-ºr-al-c hvs-I-cr-|u-~ hl-i-N-cp-euG " e-z-buG $-X-c a-X-Ÿ-jr-duG `m-Xr-I-hr-Šl--Ÿ-jr-duG \ d-er-du-›o. $-ho-dl-ar-d _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-Œr-„t ‹-¥Xp-I-X "-Xu \r-b-Ôr-X-al-Wo A~XlWo. i-x-e]u-cl-W-Ÿ jr« ]-t-bu-~-X-\u-h-cr-No, "-e†-|r-S-br« _-iu-`l-cp-X Œr-\o "-Xr-cu-I-jr-d½. `m-Xr-I h-aq-i-Ÿ-jr-dl-W-£r« `l cp A-~ ‹-f³GX-~-br-d½. ]u-cu-g-\o B-Xo ðs-buG "-e-Il f-]¶-ˆ-Xl-Wo. -P-dl-f-b-Œr-d X-jr-\s-cu-¥]l-d! #† |uG A-¥]¶l ¥e-W-a-£r-duG "-\u-el-Z-ar-d½l-XX-~ < ]-¥bl-Kr-|lG. "-\r-b-Ôr-X-al-b h-ê-Zl-bG ðs-¥bl-So N …u-~ B-š-euG Il-Sr-b ¥Îl-i-euG "-e-¥i-j-\-eu-al-Wo. h aq-i-Œr-„t `-Î-X-buG h-Zl-Nl-c "h´r-el-c-euG "-Xo X I†-Œu-I-j-buG. ¥Ul. au-h´-^-h·-_l-$-bu-S el-|u-I: EE$-ho-dlG Xu-S Ÿr-e-N D-cu Zu-cl-Nl-c-a-~ \r-dÀl-Wo _-iu-`l-cpl-X Œ-]¶-šr XXo]-c-I-kr-I ]-t-bu-~-Xo. b-Yl†-YŒr« ‹l ¹-\h-aq-i-Ÿ-jr« \r-d-\r-~u-¥]l-~ Nr-c ]u-cl-X-\ # Nl-c-al-Wr-Xo. $-ho-dlG "-Xr-\u \r-b-Ô-WG B†-]¶-Su-Œu Ibl-Wu-›l-b-Xo. ]u-cl-X-\ "-Ys-\r-b-Ól†, N-\-|l† `l-c-Xs-b†, _l-_r-¥dl-Wr-b-|l†, $m-Pr]´u-Il† A-~r-e cr-dl-| _-iu-`l-cpl-hG-er-[l-\G <-›l-br-cu-~u. N-\ br-d \r-b-a-hG-ir-X \q-šr-au-]¶-Xo `l-cp-al-ce-c "-\u-e-Z Nr-cu-~u. D-cu N-\s-ho N-Æ-e†-Œr-|o au-]¶-Xr-\l-br-cG `l cp-al-cu-›l-br-cu-~u-e-ó. Pq-X-aXG \r-b-Ô-W-¥a-Xu-ar-d½l-X _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u e-Zr-Nr-cu-~u. _-iu-`l-cp-XvG er-d-|r-|l-›u-¨ ]-cl-a†-f al-~uG _-_r-jr« Il-Wl„ I-»r-bu-I-br-d½. ‹l-Ns-\ Æ-h´-e-cr« _-iu-`l-cpl-h-ê-Zl-bG <-›l-br-cu-~u-e ~l-Wo N-cr-óG ¥c-J-]¶-Su-Œu-~-Xo. B-»lG \q-šl-›u-e-c buG N†-Nr-„t "-\u-a-Xr-¥bl-S _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-d-\r-~ cu-~-Xl-br Zl-œ-XpN-cr-ó-Œr-d #-[r-Il-cr-I ]-þr-X \l-b e-î†-al†-Io ¥c-J-]¶-Su-Œr-br-ˆu-›o. N†-Nr-¥\l `-c W-Iq-S-Œr-¥\l \r†-W-br-|l„ I-»r-bl-Œ-ó "-[r-I-al-b cu-~u "-Xo. ("« "-Jl-Zo, i-Jl-$-Ju« $-ho-dlG 177). Ær-h´pl-\r-I-|r-S-br« e-]¶l-ˆr h-ê-Zl-b-euG \r-d-\ ~r-cu-~u. (¥Ul. au-h´-^-h·-_l-$, "« a†-"-Xu _-\« ^r-Jo-ir e« Jl-\q„ 71, 72). _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-b-Ô-W-¥a Xu-ar-d½l-X-bl-Wo b-iq-Z-Ól†-|r-S-br« \r-d-\r-~u-¥]l-~ Xo. EEPq-X-Ól†-|r-S-br« B-Xu hl-i-N-cp-Œr-duG D-~r-d-[ IG `l-cp-al-c hvs-I-cr-|l„ ]u-cu-g-\o "-\u-a-Xr-bu-›l-b cu-~u.'' (A„-h-¥I½l-]s-Ur-bl {r-ˆl-\r-| 18/186). a-[p-\q-šl-›u-I-jr« Ær-h´p„ a-Xl-[p-k-Ól† _-iu-`l-c Xv-Œ "G-Ks-I-cr-Nr-cu-~u. "-Xl-cu \r-b-al-\u-ì-X \-S-] Sr-bl-br \r-d-\r«-|u-I-buG N-Âu.'' _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e Zr-|-]¶-ˆr-ˆuG au-ho-drŸ-jr« "-Xu Iu-t-el-br-cu-~u A-~ e h´u-X \rg¶-k-a-Xr-I h-˜-Xr-Nr-ˆu-›o. ‹-au-J ]l-§l-X A-»u-Œu-Il-c-\l-b er-dpG I-d½r t-šr-„t el-|u-I EEbl-Yl†YpG a-\-h·r-dl-|r-bl« A-d½l-Il-d-Ÿ-jr-duG au-i-˜ Zs-b-cr« _-iu-`q-cr-]-k-Œr-\uG B-I-]-ºsØ-X-¥a <-›l br-cu-~u-¨q A-~u-Il-WlG.'' (er-dpG I-d½r t-šo, ^r-¥dl h-^r Dl-^o tr-ds-Pp-ho, \pq-¥bl†-|o 1935, ¥]-Po 508). (Xu-Sc- uG)
aX\rbaŸ|uIs»r« alóG _iu`lcpXvG
$-p-br-duG _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Zr-|-]¶-ˆr-ˆuG au-ho-drG-I-
jr« "-Xo Xl-c-X-¥ap-\ Iu-t-el-W-~-Xl-Wo e-h´u-X. $m hê-Zl-bG \r-gr-Š-euG ]l-]-eu-al-br I-cu-Xu-~ Nr-d -h-au-Zlb-Ÿ-jr« $-Xo au-ho-drG-I-jr-¥d-Xr-\-|l Iq-Su-X-dl-W~ I-›-Œ« #-§-cp-I-c-al-br-cr-|u-~u. 1961d $p„ h„-h-hr-„t "-Sr-zl-\-Œr« \-S-Œr-b D-cu ]T-\-Œr« ar-| h-au-Zl-b-Ÿ-jr-duG D-cu ]-cr-[r-e-c $¥]¶l-»uG _-iu-`l-cp-XvG \r-d-\r«-|u-~u-›-~l-Wo X-jrƒ-Xo. 1951-¿60 Il-d-b-j-er« $-p-br-d ir-xu-|-jr« \S-~ er-el-i-Ÿ-jr« 5.06 f-X-al-\-euG _-iu-`l-cp-Xv-al-brcu-~u-e-£r« $-¥X Il-d-b-j-er« au-ho-drG-I-|r-S-br-d er-el-i-Ÿ-jr« _-iu-`l-cpXvG 4.31 f-X-al-\G al-ó-al-br-cu~u. EEir-xu-|-ju-S $-S-br-d _-iu-`l-cpXvG \r-¥cl-[r-|u-IbuG "-Xl-cu Ær-ar-\« Iu-š-al-|u-I-buG N-Âu-Il-›o \rb-aG ]l-h·l-|r-br-ˆo $-cu-]-Xo e†-g-Ÿ I-»r-ƒr-ˆuG "e†-|r-S-br« $m #-Nl-c-Œ ]l-¥S $-d½l-Á N-…l„ I-»rƒr-ˆr-d½ A-~ e-h´u-X h-˜-Xr-|u-~-Xr« R-Ÿ-|u IuWør-X-au-›o. ($-p„ ðs-I-ju-S ]-Z-er-b hG-_-‡r-No `lcX h†|ltr-„t er-Zpl-`pl-h a-Ôl-d-bG 1974¿« \r¥bl-Kr-N I-˜r-šr-bu-S tr-¥]¶l†-ˆr«-\r-~o). "-\r-b-Ôr-X _-iu-`l-cpXvG Il-Sr-Iu-Œr el-»u-~ hli-N-cp-al-br-cu-~u h-aq-i-Œr-du-›l-br-cu-~-Xo. X-Sr-ar-Su-|u¨-e† b-¥Y-gµG ðs-I-j I-b-S-|r-e-Nu. ]r-Xl-eo a-crNl« "-bl-ju-S `l-cp-al-c "-\--c-hv-Œl-br a-|-¿-ar|-el-tuG aq-Œ-a-I„-¿ hv--al-|r. ðs-I-j ]u-cu-g-Ól† bl-Xl-cu \r-b-Ô-W-eu-ar-d½l-X <-]-¥`l-K-e-h´u-|-jl-|rbr-cu-~ h-aq-i-Œr-„t Nr-óG Eh-_o-<« au-"-d½-Jl-Œo' A-~ er-Jpl-X "-t-_r Il-ep-Ÿ-jr« Il-WlG. $m h-aq-iŒr-dl-Wo \r-b-Ôr-X _-iu-`l-cp-XvG B†-]¶-Su-Œr $-hodlG ðs-h-aq-i-Œr-„t c-k-À-Œr-b-Xo. `l-cp-al-cu-S AüG \l-d-£r-du-al-|r Nu-cu-|l„ au-i-˜-Zo \-_r(h) Id¶¶rNu. ]-ŒuG A-ˆuG "-°u-al-| ]-ºr-al-cu-›l-br-cu-~e† $m Id¶\-b-\u-h-cr-No \l-du-¥]-cl-»r-I a-šu-¨-e-c Xdl-Jo Nl-d½r. $-ho-dlG #-¥f½-gr-N-¥]¶l "-°o `l-cp-al-cu-›l-br-cu~ \m-^« $-_o-\u au-#-er-b-buG A-ˆo `l-cp-al-c e-Nr-cu~ <-a-t-Œu« "-h-Zr-buG ]-Œu `l-cp-al-cu-›l-br-cu-~ K-dl-\u-_o-\u h-d-a-bu-a-d½lG \l-du-¥]-c al-óG \r†Œr ¥f-gr-N-e-c D-»r-el-|r-b-e-cl-Wo. a-XG e-j-c hq-k²-X-¥bl-S ]l-dr-|l„ Id¶r-N-Xl-Wo _-iu-`l-cpXvG, $-Xo \r†-_-‡r-X fl-h-\-b-d½, hl-i-N-cpŒr-„t #-\u-Iq-dpG al-ó-al-Wo. $m hm-I-cpG Zu-cu-]-¥blK-]¶-Su-Œu-~u-›-£r« "-Xo \r-b-a-Œr-„t-¥bl a-X-Œr„t-¥bl ]l-I-]¶r-»-b-d½. $-ho-dlG ‹-¥Xp-I hl-i-N-cpŒr« "-\u-e-Zr-N $-j-eo Zu-cu-]-¥bl-K-]¶-Su-Œu-~-e† $ho-dl-ar-„t au-~r«Œ-~ Iu-š-el-jr-I-jl-Iu-~u. $-ho-dlG "-\u-fl-hr-N a-X-er-[r-I, hvs-I-cr-|-¥Wl ¥e-›-¥bl A-~u Xs-cu-al-\r-|l„ ep-¹r-I-|o "-e-Ilf-au-›o. hvs-I-cr-|u-¥~l \r-cl-I-cr-|u-¥~l A-~-X-d½ au-Jper-g-bG. a-XG ]-t-ƒ Il-cp-Ÿ \r†-`-bG e-jr-]¶-Su-Œdl-Wo. a-X-er-[r-|u au-~r« am-\G Zs-kr-|l„ A-l-blduG A-\r-|l-er-d½. A-~ a-Yr-|u-~ hG-h¦l-c-euG h-¥x-feuG au-i-˜-Zo \-_r(h) ]Tr-]¶r-Nu ]-I†-~u-X-~ a-X-Œr„t _l-dl-[pl-]-\-Ÿ-jl-Wo. h-XpG I-¥]¶-tr-b-Xl-W£r-duG "-Xu-t-| ]-t-b-W-a-~l-Wo a-X-fl-h-\. _-iu-`l-cpXvG $-ho-dl-ar-„t \r†-_-‡-fl-h-\-b-d½. "-Xr-\u ¥‹-cr-]¶r-Nr-ˆu-ar-d½. "-\u-a-Xr \«-Iu-I al-ó-¥a N-
_-iu-`l-cp-XvG: a-XG Id¶¶r-N-XuG hG-el-Z-I† ]tbu-~XuG Il--]u-cG A.]r. "-_q-_-|† au-ho-dpl†
3
Âr-ˆu-¨u. ¥h³-i-\r-[r-bl-b D-cu <-Œ-aIu-SuG-_r-\r-b|l›o "-\u-Ý-is-X-\l-b `†-Œl-eo D-cr-|-duG # ]‚-IlSr-bu-S a-\G X-I†-|-cu-Xo. #-e-fp-ar-d½l-X a-šl-cu-Œr-bIq-S ¥e-|u-~-XuX-~ "-e-ju-S a-\-h·o X-I†-|u-~ Il-cpalWo. $-|l-d-Œo c-›lG er-el-iG #-Zp-Iu-SuG-_Œ X-I†-|-dl-br al-tr-br-ˆu-›o. "-Œ-c-al-cu Ç-Xp-Œr-\o D-cu-œ-Su-¥œl B-t hq-k²-X ]u-d†-Œu-I-buG #-¥dlNr-|u-I-buG ¥e-WG. ]-Xo-\r J-Zs-P(t) Ps-er-Nr-cu-~-¥]¶l a-šl-cl-j ‹-el-NI†(h) er-el-iG I-»r-|u-I-bu-›l-br-d½. "-e-cu-S er-¥blKl-\--c-al-Wo a-šu er-el-i-Ÿ N-Â-Xo. er-[-el-hG-c-k-
$-ho-dlG "-\u-fl-hr-N a-X-er-[r-I, hvs-I-cr-|-¥Wl ¥e-›-¥bl A-~u Xs-cual-\r-|l„ ep-¹r-I-|o "-e-Il-f-au›o. hvs-I-cr-|u-¥~l \r-cl-I-cr-|u-¥~l A-~-X-d½ au-Jp-er-g-bG * * * * `l-cp-b ¥Îl-ir-|u-I, I-go-S-]¶-Su-ŒuI, "-e-¥jl-So ‹-Xr-Il-cG N-…u-I Xu-SŸr-b ]-Z-Ÿ-jl-~uG $-ho-dl-ar-I Zl-œXp \r-b-a-Œr« Il-Wr-d½. \-d½- cs-Xr-br« D-~r-Nu-I-»r-bu-I, "-d½-£r« \-d½- cs-Xrbr«Œ-~ ¥e†-]r-cr-bu-I A-~-XlWo a-X-Œr-„t ‹-Jpl-]r-X X-ŒvG W-euG \r-d-er-d ‹-¥Xp-I hl-i-N-cp-euG ]-cr-K-Wr-Nl-br-cu~u Xr-cu-\-_r-bu-S er-el-i-Ÿ. ]u-cu-g-\o D-~r-d-[r-IG ðs-I-j ¥e-|l-a-£r« D-~rd-[r-IG `†-Œl-|-Ól-c hvs-I-cr-|l„ ðs-|uG hvl-X-ÔpG \«-¥I-›-X-¥d½ A-~o er-a†-f-I† ¥Nl-Zr-|u-~u. Iu-SuG-_-`Î-X-ÀuX-~ $-Xu \r-c-|u-~r-d½-~u al-ó-a-d½, ðs-bu-S ‹Ç-Xr-|uX-~ er-cu-Š-eu-al-Wo. _-iu-`l-cpXvG ]u-cu-g-„t ‹-Ç-Xr-|o "-\u-¥bl-Pp-euG "-`r-Il-ap-eu-al-W-£r« ðs-buS _-iu-`†-ò-XvG D-cu epl-¥al-iG al-ó-al-Iu-~u. K†-`-[l-cW-au-›l-bl« B-Xu ]u-cu-g-¥„t-Xl-W-~o Xr-cr-N-tr-blX hl-aq-ip‹-f³-Ÿ ì-gµr-|uG. "-Xu-Il-›o ðs-br« _-iu-`†-ò-Xvl-h-¹r ì-gµr-|u-~-Xo ‹-Ç-Xr-hG-_-‡r-No ]l-»o-¥e-d-bl-br-cr-|uG. ]u-cu-g-„t _-iu-`l-cp-XvG Ps-e-flð-]-c-al-br \pl-bs-I-cr-|l-eu~-Xl-Wu-Xl-\uG.
D-~r-d-[r-IG ðs-I-j Ps-er-X-]-£l-jr-bl-br hvs-I-cr-|u~-e-\o bl-Xl-cu er-ˆu-es-×-bu-ar-d½l-Œ _l-[p-X-bl-Wo "e†-|r-S-br-du-¨ A-d½l er-ir-X-Ÿ-jr-duG Xu-dp-X ]u-d†-ŒuI-b-~-Xo. Ps-er-X-er-`-e-Ÿ-jr« Xu-dp-X -]u-d†-Œrbl«Œ-~ a-\-h·u-Il-›o ¥h³-i-Œr« Xu-dp-X \r-d-\r†Œl„ I-»r-ƒu-Il-¨-W-a-~r-d½. "-Xu-Il-›o `†-Œl-eo <-›l-eu-I-buG ^-d-Œr« `†Œl-er-d½l-Œ-e-j-¥]¶l-d-bl-eu-I-buG N-…u-~ "-e-z `l-cp-al-cr« #†-|uG e-~u-¥]l-I-cu-Xo. D-cl-ju-S `l-cp-blbr-cr-|u-~r-S-¥Œl-jG a-šl-cl-j `†-Œl-el-br hvs-I-cr|l„ ]-šl-Œ "-e-z-bl-Wo. "-¥X-h-a-bG $-bl I-S]¶l-Su-I \r†-e-ir-|u-~u-ar-d½ A-~ "-e-z e-~u-¥N-cuG. Iu-SuG-_, [l†-ar-I ‹-f³-Ÿ-|o "-Xu e-»r-e-|uG. `†-Œler-\ "-e-|o a-Xr-bl-Il-X e-cr-I-¥bl, "-X-d½-£r« ]sUr-]¶r-|-]¶-SuI¥bl Nbu-~ ]-kG E^-ho-Jr'-dq-S erel-i-¥al-N-\G ¥X-Sl„ ðs-|o "-\u-el-Z-eu-au-›o. ]ºr-al†|r-S-br« \s-Xr-]u-d†-Œu-~-Xr« Xr-cu-\-_r "-Xp-G hqk²-X ]u-d†-Œr-br-cu-~u, Ps-er-X-er-`-e-Ÿ \«-Iu-~-XrduG Zr-e-h-Ÿ `l-Kr-|u-~-Xr-du-a-d½lG. A-~r-ˆuG ¥h³-iŒr« B-š-|u-t-Nr-du-I e-~u-¥]l-br-cr-|u-¥al A-~ Ilcp-Œr« "-er-S-~o <-Xo-I-Wø ‹-I-Sr-]¶r-|u-al-br-cu-~u. ¥h³iG "-j-~u-au-tr-No es-Xr-|l„ I-»r-bu-I-br-d½-¥d½l. `l-cp-al†-|r-S-br« \s-Xr-]u-d†-Œl„ I-»r-bu-a-~u-t-]¶rd½l-Œ-e† D-~r-d-[r-IG ¥]-c er-el-iG I-»r-|l„ Xu-\r-¥b› A-~l-Wo Ju†-#-„t ‹-Jpl-]-\G. D-cu- `l-cp-¥bl-Su-¨ er-¥cl-[G Xs†-|l„ ¥e-›r "-e-j Igµ-]¶-Su-Œu-I A-~ <-¥©-fp-¥Œl-S a-šl-cu-e-j ¥e-|l„ ]l-Sr-d½. "-e-cr-cue-¥cl-SuG D-cu-¥]l-d "-e„ \s-Xr ]u-d†-Œu-I-br-d½ A-~u ep-¹-al-W-¥d½l. `l-cp-b ¥Îl-ir-|u-I, I-go-S-]¶-Su-Œu-I, "-e-¥jl-So ‹-Xr-Il-cG N-…u-I Xu-S-Ÿr-b ]-Z-Ÿ-jl-~uG $ho-dl-ar-I Zl-œ-Xp \r-b-a-Œr« Il-Wr-d½. \-d½- cs-Xr-br« D~r-Nu-I-»r-bu-I, "-d½-£r« \-d½- cs-Xr-br«Œ-~ ¥e†-]rcr-bu-I A-~-Xl-Wo a-X-Œr-„t ‹-Jpl-]r-X X-ŒvG. D-~r-d[r-IG `l-cp-al-c hvs-I-cr-Nr-ˆo "-e-cr« Nr-d-c Igµ-]¶-SuŒu-~u-e-£r« "-bl-ju-S _-iu-`l-cpXvG X-~ Ju†-#\r-„t er-jG-_-c-a-\u-h-cr-No Iu-š-I-c-al-Iu-~u. bl-Xl-cu \r-b-a-euG ]l-dr-|l-X _-iu `l-cp-Xv-euG al-»r-Nl-d½-duG A-~- B†-]¶l-So $-ho-dlG "-\u-e-Zr-Nr-ˆr-d½. a-X\r-b-a-Ÿ ep-¹-al-br ]l-dr-|l„ a-X-Œr-„t ¥a«er-dl-h-au-¨-e† ‹-¥Xp-Ir-NuG a-šu-¨-e† ]l-Xu-erduG <-öl-ir-|-WG. ]T-\-Ÿ-juG Xl-c-X-ap ]T-\-Ÿ-juG A¥]¶l-»uG \-d½-Xl-Wo. "-‡-al-b er-¥cl-[-Ÿ-juG #-¥cl-Kp-Ic-a-d½l-Œ er-a†-f-\-Ÿ-juG Il-›o a-X X-Œv-Ÿ \-fr-|uI-br-d½. ‹-Ç-Xr-b ì-gµr-No Æ-a-]¶-Su-Œr-b í-gµl-el-b "d½l-iu #-Wr-¥\-buG ]-ür-¥\-buG ep-Xp-h´ ‹-Ç-X-Œr-« ì-gµr-Nu. #-¥cl-SuG ]-k-]l-Xr-XvG Il-Wr-Nr-ˆr-d½. Zu†-_-dbl-b ðs-b c-kr-|l„ ]u-cu-g-\ Bd¶r-Nu. "-e-|o ks-W-au-›l-Il-X e-j-c "-\r-el-cp L-ˆ-Ÿ-jr« "-e„ c-›lG `l-cp-b hvs-I-cr-¥|-›r-e-~l« "-Xr« X-šr-d½. atr-No Nr-d-¥]¶l "-Xo "-\r-el-cp-al-br-e-cuG. _-iu-`l-cp-XvG "-\u-e-Z-\s-b-al-W-~o ]-t-bu-~-Xr-„t "†-YG $-Xu aló-al-Iu-~u. h-au-Zl-b-Œr« "-hvl-c-hp-Ÿ-¥jl ]-cl-P-bŸ-¥jl Iu-SuG-_f-Yr-dp-Ÿ-¥jl hG-`-er-|u-~u-e-£r« "-Xr-\u-Œ-c-el-Zr, [†-aG \r†-e-ir-|l-Œ h-aq-ilG-KŸ X-~-bl-Iu-~u. ("ehl\rNu)
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