Background Beach

Background Beach By: Britt Bovee

Summary:

Background Beach discussed the history behind the copyright laws and what the copyright laws are. Copyright is defined as:the exclusive right of a creator to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute, perform, display, sell, lend or rent their creations. Copyright came into creation because throughout history artists, poets, authors and other creators of original material have all sought to protect their work. To be able to protect what they have created so other people cannot pass off the work as their own. Below is a list of things that are protected under current copyright laws. • Poetry • Prose • Computer programs • Artwork • Music-- written or recorded. • Animations • Movies and videos • Java Applets • A "web page" • Architectural Drawings • Photographs In 1976 the copyright law was passed to be able to protect the work noted above. There was a glitch in the law though and that was fair use. Fair use is the reproduction of a work for criticism, news reporting, teaching and scholarly research. When someone is using fair use for a specific piece of work it is a contradiction to what copyright is and that is why the person behind the work will get frustrated. The creator wants to receive proper accolades or monetary gain for reproduction of their work. There is four criteria from the copyright law of 1976 below is the list: 1. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for non profit educational purposes 2. The nature of the copyrighted work. 3. The amount and sustantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole. 4. The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

Application for Teachers:

As educators at large are exempt from copyright laws since the content used is in an education setting. It is important though to know the laws because even though one might think they are not breaking the law they might be. It is important the students don't pick up any bad habits from teachers.

Multimedia Wharf By: Britt Bovee

Summary:

As technology becomes a part of our everyday lives it is important to remember that copyright laws apply to what we do on the computer. Though no laws have been passed fair use has been extended to multimedia work.There are rules of thumb to be followed when using multimedia in an educational setting. Those being: • Students may incorporate others' works into their multimedia creations and perform and display them for academic assignments. • Faculty may incorporate others' works into their multimedia creations to produce curriculum materials. • Faculty may provide for multimedia products using copyrighted works to be accessible to students at a distance (distance learning), provided that only those students may access the material. • Faculty may demonstrate their multimedia creations at professional symposia and retain same in their own portfolios. When using multimedia in a presentation there are certain time lines that need to be followed in order to stay within the copyright laws. They are as follows: • For motion media -(e.g., video clips) up to 10% or 3 minutes, whichever is less. • For text- up to 10% or 1000 words, whichever less. • For poems ◦ up to 250 words. ◦ Three poem limit per poet ◦ Five poem limit by different poets from an anthology. • For music - up to 10% or 30 seconds, whichever is less. • For photos and images ◦ Up to 5 works from one author. ◦ Up to 10% or 15 works, whichever is less, from a collection. • Database information-- up to 10% or 2,500 fields or cell entries, whichever is less. When adding multimedia it is good to remember to only use the smallest amount so as not to infringe on any copyright laws

Application for Teachers:

There are so many ways to incorporate multimedia in the classroom. It is important that if any is being used it is within the frame work that has been set forth. By showing students that work can be created by using pieces of anthers work to create something entirely different is important. By learning

at a young age the appropriate way to integrate multimedia into the classroom students will have no problem emulating that.

Single Copying Inlet By: Tess Akrawi

Summary:

Single Copying Intel showcased the ways in which we use documents in an everyday setting. Students and teachers, especially, are constantly in search and in use of materials from sources such as books, journals, and websites. Single copying Inlet clarifies what amount of each of these products is proper and legal use under Copyright laws. I, as a student, am granted the ability to "borrow" said materials for my studies, but only allowed to make single copies with copy machines that clearly represent the Copyright Act visibly on the machine. I, as well as other student users, can risk being in violation of such copyright laws if I decide to make copies on a personal copy machine. As well, the whole process of making single copies and "borrowing" is that at the end of the alloted period, I may be required to return the materials to the teacher (if I am a student), or to the library if I am a teacher. "Coursepacks" are linked to the Cove of Multiple Copies in the fair use guidelines due to the limitations on briefness and restricted use to just one semester or term. • Only a non-profit educational setting many make copies • Permissions or licensing should be considered • Coursepack materials would be better placed on reserve in the library Reserves may serve to be the best process to implement. There is the use of “electronic reserves” which is much more appealing to both teacher and student because it would allow access to journal articles via the internet through a hyperlink. This is becoming more popular because the thought process is that strictly the students enrolled in the course will be the only ones able to access the articles. In the end, though teachers are provided a wide range of copying privileges, these privileges are not unrestricted, therefore, it would be best for the teacher to have the materials possible on reserve for the students and make single copies to distribute of the other materials unavailable to reserve.

Application for Teachers:

As a teacher, I must be slightly more aware of my uses of materials and my

options to to use of the materials. I must follow the "House Guidelines" which allow me to make and use single copies of certain reading materials for the use of my classroom, to include: • A chapter from a book • A periodical or newspaper article • A short story, essay, or poem • A chart, graph, diagram, or cartoon from a book, periodical, or newspaper Teachers also have the option to place certain books, magazines, journal articles, and other documents on reserve in the school's library in the “reserve room”, but strictly for research purposes and use within the realms of the library.

Cove of Multiple Copies By: Tess Akrawi

Summary:

Cove of multiple copies is an overall guide of how teachers can access different print materials to aid the structure of their class. The guidelines provided include specifics on the restriction limits that allow for use without receiving permission from the actual source, more specifically the guidelines applied making multiple copies for classroom use include the following: • An article is limited to 2,500 words • A prose is limited to 1,000 words or 10% of the piece (depending on which is less) • A poem is limited to 250 words • A selection of a long poem is limited to 250 words • One chart, diagram, cartoon or picture from a ◦ book ◦ periodical ◦ newspaper • Copying to be done at the initiative of the teacher (at a spur of the moments notice) • Copying to be done when timing is unreasonable to request copyright permission from the owner of the material • Only one copy allowed per student • No charge to students unless to recover copying cost • Copying are provided for one course • Same item may not be reproduced from one term to the next term • No more than... ◦ one piece of work is copied from a single author ◦ three authors copied from a single collective work

nine instances of multiple copying within a single term or semester ◦ "Consumable works" never to be copied as workbooks or standardized tests • Newspapers and periodicals can be copied multiple times as needed as long as the guidelines of word limits are applied and abided by. • Copies are not to be added into collective works • It is a must to request a publisher's reprint or get permission if time permits, only when time does not permit is it fair use to make copies for students ◦

Application for Teachers:

As a teacher, I will not reuse these materials, I will only use the materials for the duration of one school year, and will only provide one copy per student. The basic idea is that I am in a position in which time does not allow me to seek permission for use and copying, however, I must provide the materials to my students in class for lessons, therefore, I may make multiple copies at a moments notice if the materials copied are "brief in number and size, meeting a necessity to accomplish instructional objectives."

Audio Visual Lagoon By: Christa Lizarraga

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An audio visual work contains pictures, sounds, or both. It is a form of expression, therefore it is protected by copyright laws. Audio visual works include: ◦ videos (including VHS and DVD) ◦ 35 mm slides ◦ filmstrips ◦ 16 mm movies According to the 1976 Copyright Act, teachers are legally allowed to perform audio visual works to their students during face-to-face teaching lessons. A major change that occurred in 2002 was the passage of the TEACH Act, which allows teachers to digitally transmit audio visual works to their students, although certain conditions apply. Audio visual works must meet two criteria to be performed in a classroom setting:

it must meet the instructional objective ◦ it must be a "lawfully made" copy. • Since they must be directly related to the curriculum, audio visual works such as the latest Spiderman movie cannot be played as a "Yaaaay, we're going on winter break!" movie. • Teachers should be very careful when attempting to copy any portion of audio visual work. • It is absolutely illegal to copy an entire audio visual work or convert it to another format (for example, copying your VHS version of Scavenger Hunt to DVD). ◦

Application for Teachers: As a teacher, I will need to make sure any audio visual works I use in class are directly related to the lesson I am attempting to teach my students. I can't even count how many times I was shown movies in high school simply because we had a substitute or it was the last day of school. Little did I know, this is illegal! Since I will be teaching English and there are a lot of movies that are based on the literature I will be teaching, it will not be difficult to directly relate those audio visual works to the curriculum.

DistEd Point By: Christa Lizarraga

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Distance Education was virtually non-existent in the '90s, and now it is widely used across the country.

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Thanks to the passage of the TEACH Act in 2002, teachers in nonprofit institutions are now allowed to perform or display portions of copyrighted works without permission over a digital network to enrolled students only, for brief periods of time as instruction is taking place.

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The instructor determines how long the copyrighted work should remain available to the students, and the students are then allowed to access the material during that pre-determined amount of time.

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The audio visual work cannot be accessed by the students during the entire course.

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Teachers must take reasonable measures to ensure that the copyrighted material is not illegally copied or distributed. Those

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measures include: ◦ If available, a digital version of the material must be used ◦ If a digital version is unavailable: ▪ An analog version of the work may be digitized (and only a reasonable and limited portion) ▪ A digital version of the work may be stored on a network for future use (as long as nobody has access to it) For images and displays, teachers should only use what will be shown during a live classroom session. Copyrighted materials used must be directly related to the lesson. The only copies that can be made are those that are being used for digital transmission. None of the technological protection measures that prevent the audio visual works from being copies should be circumvented. Each non-profit institution must: ◦ have policies in place that govern the use of copyrighted materials ◦ provide copyright information and information on the fair use of materials ◦ provide a notice to students that the materials being used in a course may be protected under copyright laws

Application for Teachers: In the rare situation that I will be teaching an online course in the future, thanks to the TEACH Act I will be allowed to use audio visual works to assist in my teaching of the curriculum to my students. However, I will need to make sure those materials are protected, and that students will not be able to copy or distribute them to others. Just as if I was teaching a face-to-face class, the material will need to be directly related to the curriculum. Reference: http://www.stfrancis.edu/content/cid/copyrightbay/fairuse.htm