Back-2-basics-grammar.docx

LESSON # 05 (24/07/2017)

Basic Grammar NAME:

CLASS:

NO.:

DATE:

SINGULAR (一个)

“Subject” Pronouns I You He / She / It

Verbs (to be) PRESENT TENSE am are is

Verb (to be) PAST TENSE was were was

PLURAL (多过一个)

“Subject” Pronouns We You They

Verbs (to be) PRESENT TENSE

Verb (to be) PAST TENSE

are

were

ARTICLES explanations

Definite Articles ( the )

Indefinite Articles ( a / an )

Zero Articles

examples

To refer to a specific person or object

- Is this the bag you bought last night? - The girl next door is hiding behind the bush.

To refer to superlatives (the highest degree of comparison)

- Mary is the tallest girl in class. - This is the best game I have ever played.

To refer to something or someone for a second time

- I spoke to a boy just now. The boy is Susie’s brother. - Janet borrowed a book. The book belongs to Anissa.

To refer to something that is only one of its kind.

- The moon shone brightly. - The sun rises in the east.

To refer to a special class of people

- Money has been collected to help the poor. - The blind have to attend a special school.

To refer to countries that begin with united or republic

- The Republic of China - The United States of America

To refer to a range of mountains, group of islands, names or rivers and seas

- The Alps - The Maldives Islands - The Straits of Malacca

‘ a ’ is used with singular countable nouns that begin with a consonant sound or a word beginning with the letter ‘ u ’ which sounds like ‘ yew ’

- My mother baked a cake this morning. - That baby had a spoon in his mouth. - He wore a hat. - I would like to study in a university when I grow up.

‘ an ’ is used with singular countable nouns that begin with a vowel sound or with a silent ‘ h ’

- Mother peeled an onion. - We saw an elephant at the zoo. - She bought an umbrella for her sister. - Reggie is an honest boy.

Before singular uncountable nouns.

- Sugar is used to sweeten drinks. - All living things need sunlight.

Before abstract nouns that are used in a general sense

- Knowledge is the key to success. - Honesty is the best policy.

Zero Articles

SIMPLE

Before common nouns used in a general sense

- Man is the cause of destruction. - Lions are kings of the jungle.

Before names of games except when they are used as adjectives

- Netball is a popular sport among girls. - Football is popular worldwide.

Before names of towns, states and countries

- Singapore is a small island. - These motorcycles are made in Japan. - Gerik is to the north of Perak.

Before names of illness or diseases except for words like cold, fever and flu.

- Many people suffer from cancer. - AIDS is spreading fast in Africa.

PAST TENSE (过去)

PRESENT TENSE (现在)

FUTURE TENSE (未来)

I ate pizza yesterday.

I eat pizza every day.

I will eat pizza tomorrow.

To indicate a past habit, or an action already completed

To express habits or general truth

To indicate an action, condition, or circumstance which hasn’t taken place yet

表示过去的习惯 / 已经完成的行动

表示习惯或一般道理 / 事 实

表示尚未发生的动作 / 状况 / 情况

I was eating pizza when you arrived.

I am eating pizza right now.

I will be eating pizza when you arrive.

To indicate uncompleted action of

To indicate temporary

To indicate what will be going on

reference).

time of speaking.

表示过去的未完成的动作(有或没 有时间参考)

表示在发言时进行的临 时行动

I have eaten all of the pizza when you arrived.

I have eaten all the pizza.

To indicate a completed action of the past that happened before another event took place

To indicate past action which is not defined by a time of occurrence

表示在另一场事件发生之前所发生 的过去完成动作

表示过去的行动可是没 有表明时间

I had been eating pizza for 2 hours when you arrived.

I have been eating pizza for 2 hours.

To indicate an action in the past that began before a certain point in the past and continued up until that time

To indicate an action which started at some point in the past and may or may not be complete

表示过去的动作是在过去的某个时 间点之前开始的,然后持续到另一 个时间点

表示在过去某个时间点 开始的行动,可能会或可 能不会完整的行动

CONTINUOUS the past (with or without time action going on at the at some time in the future.

PERFECT

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

表明在将来的某个时间将会发生 的动作

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