Bab4

  • June 2020
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Bab 4: Perkembangan Sosio-Emosi Bayi

Perkembangan Emosi    

 

Apakah emosi? Pengaruh biologi dan persekitaran Emosi semasa tahun pertama Ekspresi emosi dan hubungan sosial Menangis – Tangisan asas, marah, sakit Senyum – Senyuman refleksif dan sosial Ketakutan – stranger anxiety dan separation protest Social referencing Mengawal emosi (emotional regulation) dan daya tindak (coping)

2

Separation Protest

3

Temperament Apakah temperament?  Klasifikasi Chess and Thomas: kanakkanak easy, difficult, slow-to-warm-up  Kagan’s behavioral inhibition  Effortful control (self-regulation)  Pengaruh biologi  Pengalaman: gender dan budaya  Goodness of fit dan keibubapaan (parenting) 

4

Perkembangan Personaliti Kepercayaan (trust) - Erikson’s trust vs mistrust  Perkembangan sense of self - mengenali diri (self-recognition)  Berdikari (independence) 

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Mengenali Diri (Self-Recognition)

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Hubungan Rapat (Attachment)  

 

Apakah attachment? Teori attachment - Freud & kajian Harlow - Erikson - Bowlby – tahun pertama dan respon penjaga; 4 fasa attachment - Ainsworth – strange situation; bayi securely attached, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant dan insecure disorganized Kritik tentang teori attachment Stail penjagaan (caregiving) dan attachment

7

Konteks Sosial: Keluarga Keluarga – satu kumpulan subsistem  Menjadi ibu bapa  Sosioalisasi dwi-arah (reciprocal socialization) dan scaffolding  Penjagaan anak oleh ibu  Penjagaan anak oleh bapa 

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Interaksi Antara Anak Dan Ibu Bapa

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Konteks Sosial: Penjaagan Anak (Child Care) 



Cuti ibu bapa (parental leave) - maternity leave - paternity leave - parental leave - child-rearing leave - family leave Variasi dalam penjagaan anak - jenis - kualiti - faktor yang mempengaruhi kesan child care

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