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ANSijAWWA C208-12 (Revision of ANSijAWWA C208-07)
American Water Works Association
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water•
AWWA Standard
Ditnensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings
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I STANDARD
I ~':;..~:~· Since 1881
Ameri<•n
Effective date: Nov. 1, 2012. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1959. This edition approved June 10, 2012. Approved by American National Standards Institute Aug. 21, 2012.
6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 800.926.7337 www.awwa.org
Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training Science and Technology Sections
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AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally conta ined in specifi· cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will prov1de satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal- American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal- American Water Works Association publication of the official notice.
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American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing. purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility In advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise. or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor. New York. NY 10036: (212) 642-4900, or emailing [email protected].
ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-892-1 ISBN-10, print: 1-58321-892-0
eiSBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-188-2 eiSBN-10, electronic: 1-61300·188·6
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.
Copyright© 2012 by American Water Works Association Printed In USA
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Committee Personnel
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The Steel Water Pipe-Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC) Task Group on C208, which developed this revision, had the following personnel at the time: John L. Luka, Chair
General Interest Members
0
R.]. Card, Manufacturing Consultant, Sugar Hill, Ga.
(AWWA)
A . Collins, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas
(AWWA)
R.R. Collins, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas
(AWWA)
K. Couture, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala.
(AWWA)
D. Dechant, Manufacturing Consultant, Aurora, Colo.
(AWWA)
A. Fletcher, Tyco Water, Southbank, Australia
(AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Portland, Ore.
(AWWA)
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C.
(AWWA)
R.N. Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif
(AWWA)
D. Seals, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas
(AWWA)
K.L. Shaddix, Smith-Blair Inc., Texarkana, Texas
(AWWA)
B. Simpson, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala.
{AWWA)
The Standa1·ds Committee on Steel Pipe, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: John H. Bambei Jr., Chair Dennis Dechant, Vice-Chair John Luka, Secretary
General Interest Members WR. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill.
(AWWA)
R.]. Card, Lockwood Andrews & Newnam Inc., Sugar Hill, Ga.
(AWWA)
R.L. Coffey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb.
(AWWA)
H .E. Dunham, MWH Inc., Bothell, Wash.
(AWWA)
S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif.
(AWWA)
R .L. Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, Texas
(AWWA)
iii
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M.B. Horsley,* Horsley Engineering, Overland Park, Kansas
(AWWA)
J.K. Jeyapalan, Pipeline Consultant, New Milford, Conn.
(AWWA)
R.A Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services, Surrey, B.C.
(AWWA)
J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah
(AWWA)
W.J. Moncrief,* HDR Engineering Inc., San Diego, Calif
(AWWA)
E.N . Olson,t Standards Council Liaison, Brown and Caldwell, Gold Hill, Ore.
(AWWA)
R. Ortega,* Lockwood Andrews & Newnam, Houston, Texas
(AWWA)
E.S. Ralph,t Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.
(AWWA)
A.E. Romer, AECOM, Newport Beach, Calif.
(AWWA)
J.R. Snow,* MWH Americas Inc., Denver, Colo.
(AWWA)
H.R. Stoner, Consultam, North Plainfield, N.J.
(AWWA)
C.C. Sundberg, CH2M HILL, Issaquah, Wash.
(AWWA)
WR. Whidden, Woolpert, Orlando, Fla.
(AWWA)
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Producer Members S.A. Arnaouc, Hanson Pressure Pipe Inc., Dallas, Texas
(AWWA)
H.H. Bardakjian, Consultam, Glendale, Calif
(AWWA)
R .R. Carpenter, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo. W.B Geyer, Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Lake Zurich, Ill.
(MSS) (AWWA) (SPFA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Pleasant Grove, Utah
(AWWA)
J.L. Luka,* American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C.
(AWWA)
R.D. Mielke,* Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C.
(AWWA)
J. Olmos, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif.
(AWWA)
G.F. Ruchti,* Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Punta Gorda, Fla.
(SPFA)
D . Walker, Tnemec Company Inc., Oakville, Om.
(AWWA)
J.A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C.
(AWWA)
User Members G .A. Andersen, New York City Bureau ofWater Supply, Little Neck, N.Y.
(AWWA)
J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water, Denver, Colo.
(AWWA)
B. Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C.
(AWWA)
R.V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.
(USBR)
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* Alrernate t Liaison, nonvoring iv
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G . George, Tacoma Water, Water Supply Section, Tacoma, Wash.
(AWWA)
T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, LaVerne, Calif.
(AWWA)
M . McReynolds,"' Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Mirada, Calif.
(AWWA)
G. Oljaca,* Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C.
(AWWA)
G.P. Stine, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif.
(AWWA)
N.A. Wigner, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif.
(AWWA)
J.V Young, City of Richmond, Richmond, B.C.
(AWWA)
0
* Alternate
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Contents All A WWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. PAGE
SEC.
SEC.
Foreword I Introduction.. .................. ................. ix LA
Background ...................................... ix
I.B
History. ......... ................................... ix
I.C
Acceptance........................................ x
II
Special Issues..................................... x
III
Use of This Standard .............. ........... x
0
V
Corrunents .... ............ ... .......... ......... xii
Verification ..... .... ... ..... ............ ....... 15
6
Delivery .. .. .. ... ........................ ........ 15
2A-2B
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows ........... ........... 11
2C- 2D
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows ...................... 12
2E-2F
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows ....... .... ......... .. 13
Xl
Standard 1
General
1.1
Scope..................... .............. ............. 1
1.2
Purpose ............................................. 2
1.3
Application ...... ..... ............................. 3
2
References ...... .... ............. ................. 2
3
Definitions....................................... 2
4
Requirements
4.1
Fittings.............................................. 3
Recommended dimensions for water pipe .fittings (except elbows) ...................................... 10
III.B Modification ro Standard ....... .......... xi Major Revisions. ........ .......................
5
Figures 1A-1F
III. A Purchaser Options and Alternatives... x
IV
PAGE
3
Tangential outlet ........................... .. 14
4
Lateral less than 30°..... .. .. ..... ........ .. 15
5
Reducing elbow ............ ................... 16
Appendix A................................ .............. 17
Table A-1
Dimensions of steel water pipe fittings .... .................. ......... 17
vii
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Foreword This fm·eword is for information only and is not a part ofANSJ*/AWWA C208. I.
I.A.
Introduction.
Background.
Steel pipe has been used for waterlines in the United States
since the 1850s. With the development of the Bessemer process in 1855 and rhe openhearth process in 1861, steel, the strongest and most versatile refinement of iron, became available for water pipe. Available records disclose installations of steel water pipe as early as 1858. The pipe was first manufactured by rolling steel sheers or plates into shape and riveting the seams. This method of fabrication continued with improvements into the 1930s. In 1905, lock-bar pipe was introduced and, by 1930, had nearly supplanted riveted pipe. By the early 1930s, both riveted and lock-bar methods were gradually phased out and welding dominated the pipe-making process. As welding became more universal in pipeline construction and manufacturing, varying steel shapes able to accommodate pipeline hydraulics and locations became more prevalent. Over the years, rigid speci-
0
fications have been developed and new product developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques and processes have been established ro ensure the purchaser a product of high standards. I.B.
History.
This standard was first proposed in 1955 to provide standard
dimensions for steel water pipe fittings. It was approved as a "tentative" standard on July 14, 1955. Revisions in the text were approved on Dec. 31, 1957, and were incorporated in the fourth and later primings. The revisions consisted of the addition of an explanatory paragraph, changes in the table for fittings for service in transmission and distribution mains, and clarification of the figures detailing the various fittings. The standard was approved without further revision on Jan. 26, 1959. Revisions to the text were approved on June 21, 1983, and incorporated in the sixth and later primings. These revisions include the following: 1.
Addition of a foreword to provide the history of a standard and major
revisions. 2.
Revision ofTable 1, delering 4-in. pipe size and extending pipe sizes to 144 in.
3.
Revision ofTable 2.
4.
Expansion of Figure 3 to include sizes to 144 in.
*American Narional Standards Insrirure, 25 Wesr 43rd Srreer, Fourrh Floor, New York, NY 10036. ix
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5.
Deletion ofTable 4.
6.
Deletion of alternate Table 3.
7.
Deletion ofTable 5.
8.
Addition of reducing tees and deletion of smooth 90° elbow category from
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Figure 1 and Table 1. The information in Table 1 was changed from a tabular format to a formula format in order to ascertain dimensions for tees, crosses, wyes, laterals, and reducers. A factor, f, was introduced in the new Table 1 to facilitate the use of formulas for computing
fitting dimensions and provided formulas for elbow layout to facilitate the design of elbows not tabulated. Addendum C208-84 was approved on June 4, 1984. The addendum added a note of caution to Tables 2A through 2D concerning hoop tension concentration in elbows with a radius of less than 2.5D. ANSIIAWWA C208-83, including ANSIIAWWA C208-84, was reaffirmed without revision on June 18, 1989. ANSIIAWWA C208-96 was approved by the Board of Directors on June 23, 1996. The major revision was to clarify that the standard is a dimensional guide only and that design of fittings should be in accordance with applicable sections of AWWA Manual Mll. Table 2 was deleted from the standard. ANSIIAWWA C208-0l was approved on June 17, 2001. ANSI/ AWWA C208-07 was approved on June 24, 2007. This edition of ANSIIAWWA C208 was approved on June 10, 2012.
I.C. II.
Acceptance.
This standard has no applicable information for this section.
Special Issues.
This standard has no applicable information for this
section. III.
Use of This Standard.
It is the responsibility of che user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. liLA. Purchaser Optiom and Alternatives.
The following informacion should be
provided by the purchaser. 1.
Standard used- that is, ANSIIAWWA C208, Dimensions for Fabricated
Steel Water Pipe Fittings, of latest revision. 2.
Type of fitting required (such as elbow, tee, reducer, wye, lateral, etc.).
3.
Radius of elbows (such as lD, 1.5D, 2.5D, or other).
4.
Number of pieces or segments for elbows.
5.
Design pressure and specifications for pipe to which the steel fitting will
connect (i.e., ANSI/AWWA C200, AWWA Mll).
X
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6.
Type of end connection required (such as plain, beveled end for field butt
welding, bell or spigot for field lap welding, bell or spigot 0-ring, and flanged or mechanical coupling). 7.
Submittal of shop detail and assembly drawings.
8.
Special handling, inspection, or testing requirements.
9.
Lining and coating required.
III. B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IY.
Major Revisions.
Major changes made to the standard in chis edition
include the following: 1.
The standard was globally revised to become equation based rather chan
table based co bring the standard in line with industry practice. 2.
Sec. 4.1.1 of the standard under Fittings was revised to allow some constrained-
end-type fittings 3.
to
be provided subject tO construccability.
Several of the variables in Sec. 4.1.2, Symbols, were modified in this section
and throughout the document based on the standardization of notation in all steel pipe standards and manuals.
0
4.
A new section, Sec. 4.1.3, was added presenting formula factors as linear
equations replacing the values previously included in Tabl.e 1. 5.
Table 1 was relocated to a new appendix A and revised co reflect overall
dimensions only, which are based on a pipe oucside diameter equal to the nominal diameter. 6.
In Sec. 4.1.6, Laterals, Case 1 (equal diameters), a note was added
to
address
laterals with deflection angles less than 30°. 7.
Sec. 4.1.8, Wyes, was revised for clarity and to provide a clearer explanation
for che fitting configuration in Figure IE. 8.
Sec. 4.1.11.1 was rewritten to remove the allowance for miter-cut weld-spigot
ends and provide additional information on the angular cut for miter-cue bells. 9.
Sec. 4.1.12.3, Fabricated elbows, was modified to remove repetitive equa-
tions and include one sec of dimensional equations applicable ro any radius elbow. An additional item (7) was added to the section to identify the multiplier that yields elbow radius and provides informacion on minimum values. 10. Figures lD, IE, 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F were modified to reflect deletion of incidental dimensions. 11.
Figure 3 was modified to remove the flanged end and che reinforcing collar
to provide a more general example since other end configurations are possible. xi
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12. Figure 4 was modified m reflect the rooc lateral fin:ing in a more general matter. 13. A new appendix A was added as a quick reference for dimensions.
V.
Comments.
If you have any commems or questions abour this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or email at [email protected].
xii
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ANSI/AWWA C208-12 (Revi sion of ANSI/AWWA C208-07)
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American Water Works Association
AWWA Standard
Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings SECTION 1:
0
Sec. 1.1
GENERAL
Scope This standard provides formulas to calculate overall dimensions of fittings for steel water transmission and distribution facilities. Many configurations of fittings are possible, and alternatives to this standard may be agreed on between the purchaser and manufacturer. The firring dimensions shown in Figures 1 through 5 are the minimum dimensions for fittings with plain ends. In practice, fittings are seldom provided as individual pieces as shown but are shop fabricated into full or special lengrhs of pipe or fabricated into assemblies, combining a number of fittings. 1.1.1
Conditions not covered in this standard.
This standard is intended to
serve as a dimensional guide only. h is nor a design standard for wall thickness, pressure ratings, structural design, or hydraulic design. Reinforcement of fittings, which may include increased wall thickness, collars, wrapper places, or crotch plates, is not described in this standard. The design of fittings should be performed in accordance with the applicable section(s) in AWWA Manual Mll, SteeL Pipe:
A Guide for Design and Installation . ./
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AWWA C208-12
Sec. 1.2
Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide formulas for use in calculating the general minimum requirements for the dimensions of fabricated steel water pipe fittings.
Sec. 1.3
Application This standard or sections of this standard can be referenced in the purchaser's documents for dimensions for fabricated steel water pipe fittings. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then only to dimensions for fabricated steel water pipe fittings.
SECTION2:
REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. ANSI*/AWWA C200- Steel Water Pipe, 6 In. (150 rom) and Larger. ASME B16.9-Factory-Made Wrought Butrwelding Fittings.
Mll-Steel Pipe: A Guide for Design and Installation.
AWWA Manual
SECTION 3:
DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard: 1. Manufacturer:
The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products. 2. Nominal diameter:
The commercial designation or dimension by which
pipe is designated for simplicity. 3. Purchaser:
The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
*American Narional Standards Instirure, 25 Wesr 43rd Srreer, Founh Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
SECTION 4: Sec. 4.1
3
REQUIREMEN TS
Fittings 4.1.1
GeneraL. 1he formulas in this standard provide the flexibility ro cal-
culate dimensions for .fittings of any size pipe, based on the ourside diameter of the pipe. Values resulting from the formulas are general minimum dimensions of good practice for fittings with plain ends or beveled ends for field welding. Alternative dimensions may be necessary for other types of joint connections, such as mechanical couplings, bells, spigots, flanges, etc., or to maintain adequate distance from a reinforcement collar to the pipe end. Other geometrically constrained ends, such as ffanged ends, may be acceptable when furnished with dimensions shorter than those contained herein, subject ro agreement of construcrabiliry between the purchaser and manufacturer. See appendix A for a reference listing of select fitting dimensions based on nominal pipe diameters. 4.1.2
Symbols.
Symbols used in formulas and dimensions in this standard
are as follows:
0
A= Length of tee or cross from centerline to end (Figures lA, lB, and I C).
B =Length of reducing tee from centerline
to
end (Figure I C).
d = Outside diameter of steel cylinder of a br.anch outlet of a reducing tee or lateral of unequal diameter.
D =Nominal diameter of pipe.
D0 = Outside diameter of steel cylinder. DL =Outside diameter of steel cylinder of large end of a reducer (Figure IF).
Ds =Outside diameter of steel cylinder of small end of a reducer (Figure lF).
D1 = Inside diameter of pipe at large end of reducing elbow (Figure 5). Dz, D4, DG, Dx = Intermediate inside diameter of right circular cone segments of reducing elbow (Figure 5). D 11 = Inside diameter of pipe at small end of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
F = Centerline length from the point of intersection of wye to the end of the pipe (Figure lE).
/Do = Formula factor corresponding to D0 of a tee, lateral, wye, or elbow.
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4
AWWA C208-12
/d = Formula factor corresponding to d of a tee or lateral. G = Centerline length of lateral from point of intersection of lateral tO end of run and end of leg (Figure lD).
G1 =Short side centerline length oflareral from point of intersection of lateral to end of run (Figure lD) .
G0 =Centerline length ofleg in unequal diameter lateral from point of intersection of lateral to end of leg (Figure lD).
Hy = Overall length of branch leg of wye from the point of intersection to end (Figure IE).
k =Scalar variable for elbow dimension calculations. L = Centerline distance from the point of intersection of the elbow to the end of the pipe (Figures 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, and 4). LL =Overall run length of a lateral (Figure lD). Lr =Length of a reducer (Figure IF).
Lt =Length of tangential type outlet, centerline to end of pipe (Figure 3). n =Number of angular divisions of reducing elbow (Figure 5). ne = Diameter multiplier for elbow radius calculation.
P.C. = Geometric point of beginning curvature of centerline for reducing elbow (Figure 5). P.I. = Point of intersection.
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P.T. = Geometric point of tangency of centerline for reducing elbow (Figure 5). R =Radius to centerline of elbow (Figures 2D, 2E, 2F, and 5). r1
= Development radius for large end of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
rn
=Development radius for small end of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
'"3· r5, rx =Intermediate development radius of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
S =Length of inside segment of fabricated elbow (Figures 2D, 2E, and 2F).
T =Elbow length from point of intersection to tangent line (Figures 2D, 2E, 2F, and 5).
Y3, Y5, Yx = Intermediate offset dimension of reducing elbow (Figure 5). Z1 =Offset dimension for large end of reducing elbow (Figure 5). Zn = Offset dimension for small end of reducing elbow (Figure 5). {
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DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
<X.
5
= Angle developed between vertical centerline of pipe run and intersection of outside diameter of rop of outlet (Figure 3).
11 =Total elbow or fitting deflection angle (Figures lD, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 4, and 5). 4> = Miter-cut angle of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
8 =Angle of inclination of right circular cone (Figure 5). p =Division angle of reducing elbow (Figure 5). 4.1.3
Formula factors. Dimensional formulas contained herein include fac-
tors to provide for adequate minimum clearance between various attributes of fabricated fittings. The facrors represent good practice that will assist in maintaining the roundness of pipe ends and are a function of the outside diameter of the pipe associated with the specific equation. The formulas for the factors are as follows:
/D 0 = O.l43D0 + 5 /d = 0.143d + 5 4.1.4
Tee and cross.
Minimum dimension A for a tee or a cross is calcu-
lated using the formula below. (Refer to Figures 1A and B.)
0
A= 0.5Do + fD 0 4.1.5
Reducing tee and reducing cross.
M inimum dimensions A and B for
a reducing tee or a reducing cross are calculated using the formulas below. (Refer ro Figure lC.)
A= 0.5Do + fv 0 B = 0.5d + fd 4.1.6
LateraL, Case I (equaL diameters).
Minimum dimensions G, G1, and
LL for a lateral of equal diameters and suitable for angle 11 of 30° to 70° is calculated using the formu la below. (Refer ro Figure 1D, Case 1 [equal diameters].) For an angle
t:. greater than 70°, use the formulas provided for a tee. (Refer to Figure 1A.) For a required effective angle 11 less than 30°, use a 30° or larger lateral with an elbow fabricated into the outlet of the lateral (see Sec. 4.1.6.1). (Refer to Figure 4.)
G=
G1
=
(2ta~~/2)) + 2/Do (D0 /2)tan(C:./2) + /D 0
Lr = G + G1 4 .1.6.1
Elbow fabricated into a lateral outlet.
Due ro design, manufac-
turing, and installation constraints, a lateral should nor be furnished with branch
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6
AWWA C208-12
deflections less than 30°. When a lateral with a deflection angle less than 30° is desired, a combination fitting resulting in rhe desired angular deflection can be used. One configuration of such a fitting is shown in Figure 4, where the elbow portion of the lateral branch yields a resultam angle less than 30° for the fitting as a whole. Various combinations of lateral branch deflection and!::. angles may be used to
yield the required effective deflection of less than 30°. 4.1.7
When the outlet diameter, d,
Lateral, Case II (unequal diameters).
is less than D 0 , minimum dimensions G, G0 , Gt, and LL for a lateral suitable for angle!::. of 30° to 70° are calculated using the formulas below. (Refer to Figure lD, Case II [unequal diameters].) For angles greater than 70°, use the formulas provided for a tee. (Refer to Figure lC.) For a required effective angle!::. less than 30°, use a 30° or larger lateral with an elbow fabricated into the outlet of the lateral (see
Sec. 4.1.6.1). (Refer to Figure 4.)
G= Go=
Do 2tan!l.
Do 2sin!l.
+
+
d 2sin!l.
d 2tan!l.
+
2foo
+ 2.fd
Gt* = d/(2sin!l.)- D 0 /(2ran!l.) + /D 0
(
LL = G + Gt *NoTE: For unequal diameter laterals with smaiJ values of d, G1 may be nega-
tive. Therefore, the intersection of the cenrerlines of the outlet and run pipe will not be within the minimum length L[. 4.1.8
WJe.
Minimum dimensions F and Hy for a wye are calculated
using the formulas below. (Refer to Figure lE for a wye with a 90° included angle.) Other included angles from less than 90° to 30° may be used. When a wye with an included angle less chan 30° is desired, a combination wye with elbow fitting resulting in rhe desired angle can be used. A wye configuration such as this would be similar on each side to the lateral outlet with elbow combination shown in Figure 4. Various combinations of wye included angles and elbow !::. angles may be used ro yield the desired deflection of less than 30°. Where!::. = the included angle of the fitting as defined in Figure IE:
Hy=
/Do sin(!l./2)
+
0.5D0 tan(!l./2)
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)
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
4.1.9
Concentric and eccentric reducers.
7
The minimum length of reducers,
Ln is calculated by the following formula. (Refer to Figure lf.)
L,.= 4 (DL-Ds) NoTE: Iflength must be less than the prior formula, consult AWWA Manual
Mll for design stress considerations. 4.1.10
Tangential outlet.
The minimum length of a tangential outlet, Lt.
is calculated by the formulas below. (Refer to Figure 3.) Lt should be kept as shorr as possible to avoid damage during shipping and handling but long enough to allow for flange clearance. If necessary to enable the valve operator to clear the outside diameter of the run pipe, a flanged spool should be used to extend d1e connection as required. a.
=
-d)
arccos ( 0·5D0 0.5D
0
Lt = 0.5D0 sin a. +
/d sin a.
4 .1.11
0
4.1.11.1
Miter-cut end. Welded lap joint.
A small deflection angle can be taken in a
welded lap joint using a miter-cur bell end, provided that the following are mainrained: bell and spigot diameter tolerances, joint formation dimensional requirements, and joint engagement dimensional requirements. To form a miter-cut bell, the pipe end is miter cut, and then the bell is expanded square with d1e face of the miter cut (see Figure 2B). The limit for the maximum miter-cur angle of a weld bell is a function of design requirements and manufacturing constraints and cannot be defined explicitly in this standard. Although historically a value of 5o has been a good practice limit, the actual value can be larger or smaller depending on specific design and manufacturing parameters. Ir is recommended that the designer consult manufacturers regarding the acwallimit for specific design requirements. 4.1.11.2
Welded butt joint.
A deflection angle can be taken in a welded
butt joint by miter-cutting one or both pipe ends, provided that the maximum radial offset (misalignment) at any point around the resultant joint does not exceed the maximum allowed by the governing purchaser's documents, standard, or code to which the joint will be welded (see Figure 2A). It may be impractical to miter cut both pipe ends, but both pipe ends shall be properly prepared for butt welding.
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8
AWWA C208-12
4.1.12 4.1.12.1
Elbows. Dimensions.
In specifying dimensions of an elbow, the designer
(
\
should consider the hydraulic characteristics, space requirements, manufacturing constraints, stress considerations, and cost-benefic ratio over the expected life of the pipeline. The optimum radius for a fabricated elbow based on these considerations is 2.5 pipe outside cylinder diameters. This radius is recommended as a standard for water transmission lines where space requirements permit. For an elbow in plant piping, where space is limited, a radius of less chan 2.5D0 may be used, provided stress intensification factors are used. If the radius is less than 2.5D0 , the thickness of the shell must be calculated using the method outlined in the AWWA Manual M11. 4.1.12.2
Wrought steel.
In small diameters (6 in. to 24 in. [150 mm co
600 mm]), steel butt-welding fittings in accordance with ASME B16.9 conforming to ASTM A234 are available in schedules and grades suitable for the waterworks service and are often an economical alternative to fabricated elbows. Larger fittings, up to 48 in. (1,200 mm), may be advantageous for appLications where space is limited and the smaller footprint of the wrought steel fitting would be more appropriate. (Steel burr-welding fittings are available in sizes less than 6 in. [150 mm]. For these smaller fittings, the application of dimensions for 6-in. [150-mm] fittings would be
(_)
conservative.) 4.1.12.3
Fabricated elbows.
The following guidelines for dimensioning
fabricated steel pipe elbows are recommended: Referring to Figures 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F, 1. R is the recommended elbow radius. 2. Tis the tangent length of the elbow. 3. Sis the elbow inside segment length. MinimumS= 1.5 in. (38 mm) or
6t, whichever is greater. NoTE: This represents good practice to control welding stresses and dimen-
sional tolerances. 4. Recommended maximum deflection angle is 22S per miter weld. The maximum deflection angle should not exceed 30° per miter weld. 5. Lis the minimum recommended length of the elbow leg.
NoTE: Depending on the size of the radius, L may be less than T 6. Recommended two-, three-, four-, and five-piece elbows: For D. ~ 22S, use two-piece elbow; k* = 1. For 22S
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()
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
For 45o < !1 ~ 67S, use four-piece elbow; k*
=
9
3.
for 67S < !1 s; 90°, use five-piece elbow; k* = 4. *NoTE: For any elbow configuration
k = (number of elbow segments) - 1.
7. ne is the diameter multiplier for calculating rhe radius of an elbow. Recommended ne for water mains is 2.5 . In instances where ne is less than 2.5, stress intensification factors need to be addressed as outlined in the AWWA Manual MIL Values of ne shall not be less rhan rhar which achieves the minimum S value noted above. Where:
S = Do (2ne - 1) tan [!1/(2k)] L = neDo tan[/1/2] - Do (ne - 0.5)tan [!1/(2k)] +/Do T = neDo ran [!1/2] Example: Given a 49.75-in. D 0 , three-piece, 45° elbow, with ne = 2.5. 22S < !1 s; 45°, therefore, k=2
R = 2.5(49.75) = 124.375 in.
0
S = 49.75[2(2.5) - l]ran{45/[2(2))}
=39.6 in.
L = 2.5(49.75)ran(45°12)- 49.75(2.5- 0.5)tan{45°/[2(2)]}
+
0.143(49.75)
+
5=
43.8 in .
T = 2.5(49.75)tan[45/2] = 51.5 in. In certain applications, compound elbows and reducing elbows may be used. See Figure 5 for geometric relationships of a reducing elbow. For computational methods and formulas for compound pipe elbows, refer to AWWA Mll.
SECTION 5:
VERIFICATION
This standard has no applicable information for rhis section.
SECTION 6:
DELIVERY
This standard has no applicable information for rhis section.
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10 AWWA C208-12
-, --t--
1 i
,
( )
r
-D
La-l-a_jFigure 1A Tee
Figure 1 B Cross
Figure 1C Reducing Tee
I
Do ~----G---~
1-----LL-------1
Lr-~----------~
1-G,-4--- -L-LG - - - - - l
Figure 1 0 Case I
Figure 10 Case II
Lateral (Equal Diameters)
Lateral (Unequal Diameters)
Figure 1 E 90° Wye
Figures lA-lF
Figure 1 F Reducer
Recommended dimensions for water pipe fittings (except elbows)
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(
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
---
--- ----(\--
11
----;; -T-t--
-';---- --' -- ---....
Figure 2A Miter-end cut-welded butt joint
0
---
r:.____ --- - - \
-'!----\ .._-- -----Figure 28 Miter-end cut- welded lap joint
Figures 2A-2B
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows
\..._)
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12 AWWA C208-12
~-------L--------~ (To match field conditions)
P.l.
Figure 2C Two-piece elbow (0° to 22.SO)
~--------L* --------~
Tl
(To match field conditions)
-------------rl --------+-11' _________1-f-l
(
R
Figure 20 Three-piece elbow (more than 22S to 45°) *NoTE: L may be less than T
Figures 2C- 2D
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows (continued)
( )
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DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITIINGS
13
T-,
1--------L*------~
(To match field conditions)
Figure 2E Four-piece elbow (more than 45° to 67.5°)
*NoTE: L may be less than T
1--T--1, -------!1 1---------- L*---------4 (To match field conditions}
P.l.
0
- ---:-11°
______LI-l
(i)
c
g '5 c
8 T
L•i
R
L
L
l
I II I
I
1
I
I II I
______ 1_____ _
:
I
:
Figure 2F Five-piece elbow (more than 67.5° to 90°)
*NoTE: L may be less than T
Figures 2E-2F
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows (continued)
.) sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
14 AWWA C208-12
I
I I
I I
I I I
r--a I
I I I ---L--------- -- - - - - -- I
~--- L t -------..JJ Figure 3
t
1:3
•
Tangential outlet
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( )
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
15
*Butt joint not required but shown for dimensioning
I-l~--1
~,-- - - - - f - -- - -- - - - !
._.- .....:----+-------See Figure 1D - - - - - 1 """'- See Figure 1D
Figure 4
0
Lateral less than 30° (See Figure 10 for specific dimensions oflateral of equal or unequal
diameters.)
_)
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16 AWWA C208-12
6 9 R
=Angle of intersection = Inclination of a right circular cone
(
=Radius of bend D, =Inside diameter of large pipe
n =2x the number of deflections
Dn = Inside diameter of small pipe p
= .Q. n
. e = -::-:---::'D,Dn -:-:::-:-.;__-:2(n- 2)R(tanp)
Sin
tan~
sin2p = ---=--'--~ cos2p + cose
ft
= 2D,
z, = ----:r,:->(s_i_ne-')---:~
fn
=
Dn 2
Zn = -~::-'-----'---:~
rx = r, -
(x- 1)R(tanp)(sin8)
_ D,- 2(x -1)R(tanp)(sin9) 0 xcose Where
x = number of divisions from
cos2p + cose rn(sin9) cos2p + cose
rx(sin9) Yx = ----':..:........---' -COSp
T= Rtan
~
P.C. to point under consideration.
Figure 5 Reducing elbow
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0 sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
APPENDIX A Table A.l
Dimensions of steel water pipe fittings
Nominal Diameter
Tee or Cross
D
A
in.
6 (65/s OD) 8 (85/s OD)
..... --1
10 (103/4 OD) 12 (123/4 OD) 14 16 18 20 22 24 30
36 42 48 54
in.
(mm)
(150) (200) (250) (300) (350) (400) (450) (500) (550) (600) (750) (900) (1,050) (1,200) (1,350)
10
(254) (279) (305) (356) (381) (406) (432) (457) (508) (533) (635) (737) (838) (914) (1,016)
12 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 25 29 33 36 40
F
--
(mm)
11
Wye, 90•
in.
8 9
9 10 10 11 12 13 13 14 16 18 20 22 24
Equal Diameter Lateral, b. = 30•*
G
Hy (mm)
in.
(mm)
in.
(203) (229) (229) (254) (254) (279) (305) (330) (330) (356) (406) (457) (508) (559) (610)
12 14
(305) (356) (381) (432) (432) (483) (508) (559) (584) (610) (737) (838) (940) (1,041) (1,143)
25 29 34 38 41 45 49 54 58 62 75 88 101 114 127
15 17 17 19 20 22 23 24 29 33 37 41 45
LL
G1 (mm)
(635) (737) (864) (965) (1,041) (1, 143) (1,245) (1,372) (1,473) (1,575) (1,905) (2,235) (2,565) (2,896) (3,226)
in.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
7 8 8
(178) (203) (203) (229) (229) (254) (254) (279) (305) (305) (356) (381) (432) (483) (508)
32
(813) (940) (1,067) (1,194) (1,270) (1,397) (1,499) (1,651) (1,778) (1,880) (2,261) (2,616) (2,997) (3,378) (3,734)
9 9 10 10 11
12 12
14 15 17 19 20
37 42 47 50 55 59 65 70 74 89 103 118 133 147
1. All dimensions based on outside diameter of pipe equal co nominal diameter, D, except d imensions for 12" nominal and smaller pipe, which are based on pipe
OD nored. 2. For elbow dimensions, see Sec. 4.1.11.3 and Figure 2. 3. Add additional length co these dimensions when necessary for Aanged, mechanical couplings, or bell and spigot joints, or as needed to meet other design conditions. "'Lateral dimensions given are For an equal diameter, 30• angle fitting. For an angle go-eater than 30• through 70•, see equations in Sec. 4.1.6. For angles greater rha.n 70•, use dimension given for a tee.
(Continued on next page)
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~
TableA.l
00
Dimensions of steel water pipe fittings (continued)
)>
Nominal Diameter
Tee or Cross
D
A
~
Equal Diameter Lateral, 1::!. = 30o*
Wye, 90°
F
G
Hy
~
LL
G1
(")
in.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
m.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
in.
{mm)
in.
(mm)
m.
(mm)
"'000
60
(1,500)
44
(1,118)
27
(686)
50
(1,270)
140
(3,556)
22
(559)
162
(4,115)
"'
66
(1,650)
48
(1,219)
29
(737)
54
(1,372)
153
(3,886)
24
(610)
177
(4,496)
72
(1,800)
52
(1,321)
31
(787)
58
(1.473)
165
(4,191)
25
(635)
190
(4,826)
78
(1,950)
56
(1,422)
33
(838)
62
(1,575)
178
(4,521)
27
(686)
205
(5,207)
84
(2,100)
60
(1,524)
35
(889)
67
(1,702)
191
(4,851)
29
(737)
220
(5,588)
90
(2,250)
63
(1,600)
37
(940)
71
(1,803)
204
(5,182)
30
(762)
234
(5,944)
96
(2,400)
67
(1,702)
39
(991)
75
(1,905)
217
(5,512)
32
(813)
249
(6,325)
102
(2,550)
71
(1,803)
41
(1,041)
79
(2,007)
230
(5,842)
34
(864)
264
(6,706)
108
(2,700)
75
(1,905)
43
(1,092)
83
(2,108)
243
(6,172)
35
(889)
278
(7,061)
114
(2,850)
79
(2,007)
45
(1,143)
88
(2,235)
256
(6,502)
37
(940)
293
(7,442)
120
(3,000)
83
(2,108)
48
(1,219)
92
(2,337)
269
(6,833)
39
(991)
308
(7,823)
126
(3,150)
87
(2,210)
50
(1,270)
96
(2,438)
282
(7,163)
40
(1,016)
322
(8,179)
132
(3,300)
90
(2,286)
52
(1,321)
100
(2,540)
295
(7.493)
42
(1,067)
337
(8,560)
138
(3,450)
94
(2,388)
54
(1,372)
104
(2,642)
307
(7,798)
44
(1,118)
351
(8,915)
144
(3,600)
98
(2,489)
56
(1,422)
109
(2,769)
320
(8,128)
45
(1,143)
365
(9,271)
l. All dimensions based on outside diameter of pipe equal to nominal diameter, D, except di mensions fo r 12" nominal and smaller pipe, which are based on pipe
00 noted. 2. For elbow dimensions, see Sec. 4.1.11.3 and Figure 2. 3. Add additional length to these d imensions when necessary fo r flanged, mechanica l couplings, or bell and spigot joints, or as needed to meet other design condirions. *Lateral dimensions given are for an equal diameter, 30• angle firting. For an angle greater than 30" through 70", see equarions in Sec. 4.1.6. For angles greater than 70•, use dimension given for a tee.
,.,..-
'--
r
\._.
J
~
This page intentionally blank.
0
)
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n
()
D
FSC
wwwJac.org
MIX Peper rrom ruponalble souroet
FSG- C1 03525
AWWA is the authoritative resource for knowledge, information, and advocacy to improve the quality and supply of water in North America and beyond. AWWA is the largest organization of water professionals in the world. AWWA advances public health, safety, and welfare by uniting the efforts of the full spectrum of the entire water community. Through our collective strength, we become better stewards of water for the greatest good of people and the environment.
1P-2.1M 43208 (11/12) FM
Printed on Recycled Paper
9
>
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ANSijAWWA C208-12 (Revision of ANSijAWWA C208-07)
American Water Works Association
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water•
AWWA Standard
Ditnensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings
0
~-
I STANDARD
I ~':;..~:~· Since 1881
Ameri<•n
Effective date: Nov. 1, 2012. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1959. This edition approved June 10, 2012. Approved by American National Standards Institute Aug. 21, 2012.
6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 800.926.7337 www.awwa.org
Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training Science and Technology Sections
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
AWWA Standard This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally conta ined in specifi· cations. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. This standard does not supersede or take precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will prov1de satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the Official Notice section of Journal- American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal- American Water Works Association publication of the official notice.
(
American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing. purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility In advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise. or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of ANSI approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor. New York. NY 10036: (212) 642-4900, or emailing [email protected].
ISBN-13, print: 978-1-58321-892-1 ISBN-10, print: 1-58321-892-0
eiSBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-188-2 eiSBN-10, electronic: 1-61300·188·6
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.
Copyright© 2012 by American Water Works Association Printed In USA
li
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(
Committee Personnel
(
The Steel Water Pipe-Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC) Task Group on C208, which developed this revision, had the following personnel at the time: John L. Luka, Chair
General Interest Members
0
R.]. Card, Manufacturing Consultant, Sugar Hill, Ga.
(AWWA)
A . Collins, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas
(AWWA)
R.R. Collins, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas
(AWWA)
K. Couture, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala.
(AWWA)
D. Dechant, Manufacturing Consultant, Aurora, Colo.
(AWWA)
A. Fletcher, Tyco Water, Southbank, Australia
(AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Portland, Ore.
(AWWA)
J.L. Luka, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C.
(AWWA)
R.N. Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif
(AWWA)
D. Seals, JCM Industries, Nash, Texas
(AWWA)
K.L. Shaddix, Smith-Blair Inc., Texarkana, Texas
(AWWA)
B. Simpson, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala.
{AWWA)
The Standa1·ds Committee on Steel Pipe, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: John H. Bambei Jr., Chair Dennis Dechant, Vice-Chair John Luka, Secretary
General Interest Members WR. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill.
(AWWA)
R.]. Card, Lockwood Andrews & Newnam Inc., Sugar Hill, Ga.
(AWWA)
R.L. Coffey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb.
(AWWA)
H .E. Dunham, MWH Inc., Bothell, Wash.
(AWWA)
S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif.
(AWWA)
R .L. Gibson, Freese and Nichols Inc., Fort Worth, Texas
(AWWA)
iii
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
M.B. Horsley,* Horsley Engineering, Overland Park, Kansas
(AWWA)
J.K. Jeyapalan, Pipeline Consultant, New Milford, Conn.
(AWWA)
R.A Kufaas, Norske Corrosion & Inspection Services, Surrey, B.C.
(AWWA)
J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah
(AWWA)
W.J. Moncrief,* HDR Engineering Inc., San Diego, Calif
(AWWA)
E.N . Olson,t Standards Council Liaison, Brown and Caldwell, Gold Hill, Ore.
(AWWA)
R. Ortega,* Lockwood Andrews & Newnam, Houston, Texas
(AWWA)
E.S. Ralph,t Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.
(AWWA)
A.E. Romer, AECOM, Newport Beach, Calif.
(AWWA)
J.R. Snow,* MWH Americas Inc., Denver, Colo.
(AWWA)
H.R. Stoner, Consultam, North Plainfield, N.J.
(AWWA)
C.C. Sundberg, CH2M HILL, Issaquah, Wash.
(AWWA)
WR. Whidden, Woolpert, Orlando, Fla.
(AWWA)
(
Producer Members S.A. Arnaouc, Hanson Pressure Pipe Inc., Dallas, Texas
(AWWA)
H.H. Bardakjian, Consultam, Glendale, Calif
(AWWA)
R .R. Carpenter, American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. D. Dechant, Dechant Infrastructure Service, Aurora, Colo. W.B Geyer, Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Lake Zurich, Ill.
(MSS) (AWWA) (SPFA)
B.D. Keil, Northwest Pipe Company, Pleasant Grove, Utah
(AWWA)
J.L. Luka,* American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C.
(AWWA)
R.D. Mielke,* Northwest Pipe Company, Raleigh, N.C.
(AWWA)
J. Olmos, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif.
(AWWA)
G.F. Ruchti,* Steel Plate Fabricators Association, Punta Gorda, Fla.
(SPFA)
D . Walker, Tnemec Company Inc., Oakville, Om.
(AWWA)
J.A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Surrey, B.C.
(AWWA)
User Members G .A. Andersen, New York City Bureau ofWater Supply, Little Neck, N.Y.
(AWWA)
J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water, Denver, Colo.
(AWWA)
B. Cheng, Metro Vancouver, Vancouver, B.C.
(AWWA)
R.V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.
(USBR)
l
* Alrernate t Liaison, nonvoring iv
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G . George, Tacoma Water, Water Supply Section, Tacoma, Wash.
(AWWA)
T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, LaVerne, Calif.
(AWWA)
M . McReynolds,"' Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Mirada, Calif.
(AWWA)
G. Oljaca,* Metro Vancouver, Burnaby, B.C.
(AWWA)
G.P. Stine, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif.
(AWWA)
N.A. Wigner, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif.
(AWWA)
J.V Young, City of Richmond, Richmond, B.C.
(AWWA)
0
* Alternate
v
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Contents All A WWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. PAGE
SEC.
SEC.
Foreword I Introduction.. .................. ................. ix LA
Background ...................................... ix
I.B
History. ......... ................................... ix
I.C
Acceptance........................................ x
II
Special Issues..................................... x
III
Use of This Standard .............. ........... x
0
V
Corrunents .... ............ ... .......... ......... xii
Verification ..... .... ... ..... ............ ....... 15
6
Delivery .. .. .. ... ........................ ........ 15
2A-2B
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows ........... ........... 11
2C- 2D
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows ...................... 12
2E-2F
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows ....... .... ......... .. 13
Xl
Standard 1
General
1.1
Scope..................... .............. ............. 1
1.2
Purpose ............................................. 2
1.3
Application ...... ..... ............................. 3
2
References ...... .... ............. ................. 2
3
Definitions....................................... 2
4
Requirements
4.1
Fittings.............................................. 3
Recommended dimensions for water pipe .fittings (except elbows) ...................................... 10
III.B Modification ro Standard ....... .......... xi Major Revisions. ........ .......................
5
Figures 1A-1F
III. A Purchaser Options and Alternatives... x
IV
PAGE
3
Tangential outlet ........................... .. 14
4
Lateral less than 30°..... .. .. ..... ........ .. 15
5
Reducing elbow ............ ................... 16
Appendix A................................ .............. 17
Table A-1
Dimensions of steel water pipe fittings .... .................. ......... 17
vii
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Foreword This fm·eword is for information only and is not a part ofANSJ*/AWWA C208. I.
I.A.
Introduction.
Background.
Steel pipe has been used for waterlines in the United States
since the 1850s. With the development of the Bessemer process in 1855 and rhe openhearth process in 1861, steel, the strongest and most versatile refinement of iron, became available for water pipe. Available records disclose installations of steel water pipe as early as 1858. The pipe was first manufactured by rolling steel sheers or plates into shape and riveting the seams. This method of fabrication continued with improvements into the 1930s. In 1905, lock-bar pipe was introduced and, by 1930, had nearly supplanted riveted pipe. By the early 1930s, both riveted and lock-bar methods were gradually phased out and welding dominated the pipe-making process. As welding became more universal in pipeline construction and manufacturing, varying steel shapes able to accommodate pipeline hydraulics and locations became more prevalent. Over the years, rigid speci-
0
fications have been developed and new product developments and improvements in manufacturing techniques and processes have been established ro ensure the purchaser a product of high standards. I.B.
History.
This standard was first proposed in 1955 to provide standard
dimensions for steel water pipe fittings. It was approved as a "tentative" standard on July 14, 1955. Revisions in the text were approved on Dec. 31, 1957, and were incorporated in the fourth and later primings. The revisions consisted of the addition of an explanatory paragraph, changes in the table for fittings for service in transmission and distribution mains, and clarification of the figures detailing the various fittings. The standard was approved without further revision on Jan. 26, 1959. Revisions to the text were approved on June 21, 1983, and incorporated in the sixth and later primings. These revisions include the following: 1.
Addition of a foreword to provide the history of a standard and major
revisions. 2.
Revision ofTable 1, delering 4-in. pipe size and extending pipe sizes to 144 in.
3.
Revision ofTable 2.
4.
Expansion of Figure 3 to include sizes to 144 in.
*American Narional Standards Insrirure, 25 Wesr 43rd Srreer, Fourrh Floor, New York, NY 10036. ix
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5.
Deletion ofTable 4.
6.
Deletion of alternate Table 3.
7.
Deletion ofTable 5.
8.
Addition of reducing tees and deletion of smooth 90° elbow category from
(
Figure 1 and Table 1. The information in Table 1 was changed from a tabular format to a formula format in order to ascertain dimensions for tees, crosses, wyes, laterals, and reducers. A factor, f, was introduced in the new Table 1 to facilitate the use of formulas for computing
fitting dimensions and provided formulas for elbow layout to facilitate the design of elbows not tabulated. Addendum C208-84 was approved on June 4, 1984. The addendum added a note of caution to Tables 2A through 2D concerning hoop tension concentration in elbows with a radius of less than 2.5D. ANSIIAWWA C208-83, including ANSIIAWWA C208-84, was reaffirmed without revision on June 18, 1989. ANSIIAWWA C208-96 was approved by the Board of Directors on June 23, 1996. The major revision was to clarify that the standard is a dimensional guide only and that design of fittings should be in accordance with applicable sections of AWWA Manual Mll. Table 2 was deleted from the standard. ANSIIAWWA C208-0l was approved on June 17, 2001. ANSI/ AWWA C208-07 was approved on June 24, 2007. This edition of ANSIIAWWA C208 was approved on June 10, 2012.
I.C. II.
Acceptance.
This standard has no applicable information for this section.
Special Issues.
This standard has no applicable information for this
section. III.
Use of This Standard.
It is the responsibility of che user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. liLA. Purchaser Optiom and Alternatives.
The following informacion should be
provided by the purchaser. 1.
Standard used- that is, ANSIIAWWA C208, Dimensions for Fabricated
Steel Water Pipe Fittings, of latest revision. 2.
Type of fitting required (such as elbow, tee, reducer, wye, lateral, etc.).
3.
Radius of elbows (such as lD, 1.5D, 2.5D, or other).
4.
Number of pieces or segments for elbows.
5.
Design pressure and specifications for pipe to which the steel fitting will
connect (i.e., ANSI/AWWA C200, AWWA Mll).
X
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(
6.
Type of end connection required (such as plain, beveled end for field butt
welding, bell or spigot for field lap welding, bell or spigot 0-ring, and flanged or mechanical coupling). 7.
Submittal of shop detail and assembly drawings.
8.
Special handling, inspection, or testing requirements.
9.
Lining and coating required.
III. B. Modification to Standard. Any modification of the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IY.
Major Revisions.
Major changes made to the standard in chis edition
include the following: 1.
The standard was globally revised to become equation based rather chan
table based co bring the standard in line with industry practice. 2.
Sec. 4.1.1 of the standard under Fittings was revised to allow some constrained-
end-type fittings 3.
to
be provided subject tO construccability.
Several of the variables in Sec. 4.1.2, Symbols, were modified in this section
and throughout the document based on the standardization of notation in all steel pipe standards and manuals.
0
4.
A new section, Sec. 4.1.3, was added presenting formula factors as linear
equations replacing the values previously included in Tabl.e 1. 5.
Table 1 was relocated to a new appendix A and revised co reflect overall
dimensions only, which are based on a pipe oucside diameter equal to the nominal diameter. 6.
In Sec. 4.1.6, Laterals, Case 1 (equal diameters), a note was added
to
address
laterals with deflection angles less than 30°. 7.
Sec. 4.1.8, Wyes, was revised for clarity and to provide a clearer explanation
for che fitting configuration in Figure IE. 8.
Sec. 4.1.11.1 was rewritten to remove the allowance for miter-cut weld-spigot
ends and provide additional information on the angular cut for miter-cue bells. 9.
Sec. 4.1.12.3, Fabricated elbows, was modified to remove repetitive equa-
tions and include one sec of dimensional equations applicable ro any radius elbow. An additional item (7) was added to the section to identify the multiplier that yields elbow radius and provides informacion on minimum values. 10. Figures lD, IE, 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F were modified to reflect deletion of incidental dimensions. 11.
Figure 3 was modified to remove the flanged end and che reinforcing collar
to provide a more general example since other end configurations are possible. xi
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12. Figure 4 was modified m reflect the rooc lateral fin:ing in a more general matter. 13. A new appendix A was added as a quick reference for dimensions.
V.
Comments.
If you have any commems or questions abour this standard,
please call AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at 303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or email at [email protected].
xii
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ANSI/AWWA C208-12 (Revi sion of ANSI/AWWA C208-07)
~.
(
American Water Works Association
AWWA Standard
Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings SECTION 1:
0
Sec. 1.1
GENERAL
Scope This standard provides formulas to calculate overall dimensions of fittings for steel water transmission and distribution facilities. Many configurations of fittings are possible, and alternatives to this standard may be agreed on between the purchaser and manufacturer. The firring dimensions shown in Figures 1 through 5 are the minimum dimensions for fittings with plain ends. In practice, fittings are seldom provided as individual pieces as shown but are shop fabricated into full or special lengrhs of pipe or fabricated into assemblies, combining a number of fittings. 1.1.1
Conditions not covered in this standard.
This standard is intended to
serve as a dimensional guide only. h is nor a design standard for wall thickness, pressure ratings, structural design, or hydraulic design. Reinforcement of fittings, which may include increased wall thickness, collars, wrapper places, or crotch plates, is not described in this standard. The design of fittings should be performed in accordance with the applicable section(s) in AWWA Manual Mll, SteeL Pipe:
A Guide for Design and Installation . ./
1
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2
AWWA C208-12
Sec. 1.2
Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide formulas for use in calculating the general minimum requirements for the dimensions of fabricated steel water pipe fittings.
Sec. 1.3
Application This standard or sections of this standard can be referenced in the purchaser's documents for dimensions for fabricated steel water pipe fittings. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then only to dimensions for fabricated steel water pipe fittings.
SECTION2:
REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. ANSI*/AWWA C200- Steel Water Pipe, 6 In. (150 rom) and Larger. ASME B16.9-Factory-Made Wrought Butrwelding Fittings.
Mll-Steel Pipe: A Guide for Design and Installation.
AWWA Manual
SECTION 3:
DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard: 1. Manufacturer:
The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products. 2. Nominal diameter:
The commercial designation or dimension by which
pipe is designated for simplicity. 3. Purchaser:
The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
*American Narional Standards Instirure, 25 Wesr 43rd Srreer, Founh Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
SECTION 4: Sec. 4.1
3
REQUIREMEN TS
Fittings 4.1.1
GeneraL. 1he formulas in this standard provide the flexibility ro cal-
culate dimensions for .fittings of any size pipe, based on the ourside diameter of the pipe. Values resulting from the formulas are general minimum dimensions of good practice for fittings with plain ends or beveled ends for field welding. Alternative dimensions may be necessary for other types of joint connections, such as mechanical couplings, bells, spigots, flanges, etc., or to maintain adequate distance from a reinforcement collar to the pipe end. Other geometrically constrained ends, such as ffanged ends, may be acceptable when furnished with dimensions shorter than those contained herein, subject ro agreement of construcrabiliry between the purchaser and manufacturer. See appendix A for a reference listing of select fitting dimensions based on nominal pipe diameters. 4.1.2
Symbols.
Symbols used in formulas and dimensions in this standard
are as follows:
0
A= Length of tee or cross from centerline to end (Figures lA, lB, and I C).
B =Length of reducing tee from centerline
to
end (Figure I C).
d = Outside diameter of steel cylinder of a br.anch outlet of a reducing tee or lateral of unequal diameter.
D =Nominal diameter of pipe.
D0 = Outside diameter of steel cylinder. DL =Outside diameter of steel cylinder of large end of a reducer (Figure IF).
Ds =Outside diameter of steel cylinder of small end of a reducer (Figure lF).
D1 = Inside diameter of pipe at large end of reducing elbow (Figure 5). Dz, D4, DG, Dx = Intermediate inside diameter of right circular cone segments of reducing elbow (Figure 5). D 11 = Inside diameter of pipe at small end of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
F = Centerline length from the point of intersection of wye to the end of the pipe (Figure lE).
/Do = Formula factor corresponding to D0 of a tee, lateral, wye, or elbow.
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
4
AWWA C208-12
/d = Formula factor corresponding to d of a tee or lateral. G = Centerline length of lateral from point of intersection of lateral tO end of run and end of leg (Figure lD).
G1 =Short side centerline length oflareral from point of intersection of lateral to end of run (Figure lD) .
G0 =Centerline length ofleg in unequal diameter lateral from point of intersection of lateral to end of leg (Figure lD).
Hy = Overall length of branch leg of wye from the point of intersection to end (Figure IE).
k =Scalar variable for elbow dimension calculations. L = Centerline distance from the point of intersection of the elbow to the end of the pipe (Figures 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, and 4). LL =Overall run length of a lateral (Figure lD). Lr =Length of a reducer (Figure IF).
Lt =Length of tangential type outlet, centerline to end of pipe (Figure 3). n =Number of angular divisions of reducing elbow (Figure 5). ne = Diameter multiplier for elbow radius calculation.
P.C. = Geometric point of beginning curvature of centerline for reducing elbow (Figure 5). P.I. = Point of intersection.
(
P.T. = Geometric point of tangency of centerline for reducing elbow (Figure 5). R =Radius to centerline of elbow (Figures 2D, 2E, 2F, and 5). r1
= Development radius for large end of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
rn
=Development radius for small end of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
'"3· r5, rx =Intermediate development radius of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
S =Length of inside segment of fabricated elbow (Figures 2D, 2E, and 2F).
T =Elbow length from point of intersection to tangent line (Figures 2D, 2E, 2F, and 5).
Y3, Y5, Yx = Intermediate offset dimension of reducing elbow (Figure 5). Z1 =Offset dimension for large end of reducing elbow (Figure 5). Zn = Offset dimension for small end of reducing elbow (Figure 5). {
\
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\
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
<X.
5
= Angle developed between vertical centerline of pipe run and intersection of outside diameter of rop of outlet (Figure 3).
11 =Total elbow or fitting deflection angle (Figures lD, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F, 4, and 5). 4> = Miter-cut angle of reducing elbow (Figure 5).
8 =Angle of inclination of right circular cone (Figure 5). p =Division angle of reducing elbow (Figure 5). 4.1.3
Formula factors. Dimensional formulas contained herein include fac-
tors to provide for adequate minimum clearance between various attributes of fabricated fittings. The facrors represent good practice that will assist in maintaining the roundness of pipe ends and are a function of the outside diameter of the pipe associated with the specific equation. The formulas for the factors are as follows:
/D 0 = O.l43D0 + 5 /d = 0.143d + 5 4.1.4
Tee and cross.
Minimum dimension A for a tee or a cross is calcu-
lated using the formula below. (Refer to Figures 1A and B.)
0
A= 0.5Do + fD 0 4.1.5
Reducing tee and reducing cross.
M inimum dimensions A and B for
a reducing tee or a reducing cross are calculated using the formulas below. (Refer ro Figure lC.)
A= 0.5Do + fv 0 B = 0.5d + fd 4.1.6
LateraL, Case I (equaL diameters).
Minimum dimensions G, G1, and
LL for a lateral of equal diameters and suitable for angle 11 of 30° to 70° is calculated using the formu la below. (Refer ro Figure 1D, Case 1 [equal diameters].) For an angle
t:. greater than 70°, use the formulas provided for a tee. (Refer to Figure 1A.) For a required effective angle 11 less than 30°, use a 30° or larger lateral with an elbow fabricated into the outlet of the lateral (see Sec. 4.1.6.1). (Refer to Figure 4.)
G=
G1
=
(2ta~~/2)) + 2/Do (D0 /2)tan(C:./2) + /D 0
Lr = G + G1 4 .1.6.1
Elbow fabricated into a lateral outlet.
Due ro design, manufac-
turing, and installation constraints, a lateral should nor be furnished with branch
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6
AWWA C208-12
deflections less than 30°. When a lateral with a deflection angle less than 30° is desired, a combination fitting resulting in rhe desired angular deflection can be used. One configuration of such a fitting is shown in Figure 4, where the elbow portion of the lateral branch yields a resultam angle less than 30° for the fitting as a whole. Various combinations of lateral branch deflection and!::. angles may be used to
yield the required effective deflection of less than 30°. 4.1.7
When the outlet diameter, d,
Lateral, Case II (unequal diameters).
is less than D 0 , minimum dimensions G, G0 , Gt, and LL for a lateral suitable for angle!::. of 30° to 70° are calculated using the formulas below. (Refer to Figure lD, Case II [unequal diameters].) For angles greater than 70°, use the formulas provided for a tee. (Refer to Figure lC.) For a required effective angle!::. less than 30°, use a 30° or larger lateral with an elbow fabricated into the outlet of the lateral (see
Sec. 4.1.6.1). (Refer to Figure 4.)
G= Go=
Do 2tan!l.
Do 2sin!l.
+
+
d 2sin!l.
d 2tan!l.
+
2foo
+ 2.fd
Gt* = d/(2sin!l.)- D 0 /(2ran!l.) + /D 0
(
LL = G + Gt *NoTE: For unequal diameter laterals with smaiJ values of d, G1 may be nega-
tive. Therefore, the intersection of the cenrerlines of the outlet and run pipe will not be within the minimum length L[. 4.1.8
WJe.
Minimum dimensions F and Hy for a wye are calculated
using the formulas below. (Refer to Figure lE for a wye with a 90° included angle.) Other included angles from less than 90° to 30° may be used. When a wye with an included angle less chan 30° is desired, a combination wye with elbow fitting resulting in rhe desired angle can be used. A wye configuration such as this would be similar on each side to the lateral outlet with elbow combination shown in Figure 4. Various combinations of wye included angles and elbow !::. angles may be used ro yield the desired deflection of less than 30°. Where!::. = the included angle of the fitting as defined in Figure IE:
Hy=
/Do sin(!l./2)
+
0.5D0 tan(!l./2)
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)
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
4.1.9
Concentric and eccentric reducers.
7
The minimum length of reducers,
Ln is calculated by the following formula. (Refer to Figure lf.)
L,.= 4 (DL-Ds) NoTE: Iflength must be less than the prior formula, consult AWWA Manual
Mll for design stress considerations. 4.1.10
Tangential outlet.
The minimum length of a tangential outlet, Lt.
is calculated by the formulas below. (Refer to Figure 3.) Lt should be kept as shorr as possible to avoid damage during shipping and handling but long enough to allow for flange clearance. If necessary to enable the valve operator to clear the outside diameter of the run pipe, a flanged spool should be used to extend d1e connection as required. a.
=
-d)
arccos ( 0·5D0 0.5D
0
Lt = 0.5D0 sin a. +
/d sin a.
4 .1.11
0
4.1.11.1
Miter-cut end. Welded lap joint.
A small deflection angle can be taken in a
welded lap joint using a miter-cur bell end, provided that the following are mainrained: bell and spigot diameter tolerances, joint formation dimensional requirements, and joint engagement dimensional requirements. To form a miter-cut bell, the pipe end is miter cut, and then the bell is expanded square with d1e face of the miter cut (see Figure 2B). The limit for the maximum miter-cur angle of a weld bell is a function of design requirements and manufacturing constraints and cannot be defined explicitly in this standard. Although historically a value of 5o has been a good practice limit, the actual value can be larger or smaller depending on specific design and manufacturing parameters. Ir is recommended that the designer consult manufacturers regarding the acwallimit for specific design requirements. 4.1.11.2
Welded butt joint.
A deflection angle can be taken in a welded
butt joint by miter-cutting one or both pipe ends, provided that the maximum radial offset (misalignment) at any point around the resultant joint does not exceed the maximum allowed by the governing purchaser's documents, standard, or code to which the joint will be welded (see Figure 2A). It may be impractical to miter cut both pipe ends, but both pipe ends shall be properly prepared for butt welding.
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8
AWWA C208-12
4.1.12 4.1.12.1
Elbows. Dimensions.
In specifying dimensions of an elbow, the designer
(
\
should consider the hydraulic characteristics, space requirements, manufacturing constraints, stress considerations, and cost-benefic ratio over the expected life of the pipeline. The optimum radius for a fabricated elbow based on these considerations is 2.5 pipe outside cylinder diameters. This radius is recommended as a standard for water transmission lines where space requirements permit. For an elbow in plant piping, where space is limited, a radius of less chan 2.5D0 may be used, provided stress intensification factors are used. If the radius is less than 2.5D0 , the thickness of the shell must be calculated using the method outlined in the AWWA Manual M11. 4.1.12.2
Wrought steel.
In small diameters (6 in. to 24 in. [150 mm co
600 mm]), steel butt-welding fittings in accordance with ASME B16.9 conforming to ASTM A234 are available in schedules and grades suitable for the waterworks service and are often an economical alternative to fabricated elbows. Larger fittings, up to 48 in. (1,200 mm), may be advantageous for appLications where space is limited and the smaller footprint of the wrought steel fitting would be more appropriate. (Steel burr-welding fittings are available in sizes less than 6 in. [150 mm]. For these smaller fittings, the application of dimensions for 6-in. [150-mm] fittings would be
(_)
conservative.) 4.1.12.3
Fabricated elbows.
The following guidelines for dimensioning
fabricated steel pipe elbows are recommended: Referring to Figures 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F, 1. R is the recommended elbow radius. 2. Tis the tangent length of the elbow. 3. Sis the elbow inside segment length. MinimumS= 1.5 in. (38 mm) or
6t, whichever is greater. NoTE: This represents good practice to control welding stresses and dimen-
sional tolerances. 4. Recommended maximum deflection angle is 22S per miter weld. The maximum deflection angle should not exceed 30° per miter weld. 5. Lis the minimum recommended length of the elbow leg.
NoTE: Depending on the size of the radius, L may be less than T 6. Recommended two-, three-, four-, and five-piece elbows: For D. ~ 22S, use two-piece elbow; k* = 1. For 22S
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()
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
For 45o < !1 ~ 67S, use four-piece elbow; k*
=
9
3.
for 67S < !1 s; 90°, use five-piece elbow; k* = 4. *NoTE: For any elbow configuration
k = (number of elbow segments) - 1.
7. ne is the diameter multiplier for calculating rhe radius of an elbow. Recommended ne for water mains is 2.5 . In instances where ne is less than 2.5, stress intensification factors need to be addressed as outlined in the AWWA Manual MIL Values of ne shall not be less rhan rhar which achieves the minimum S value noted above. Where:
S = Do (2ne - 1) tan [!1/(2k)] L = neDo tan[/1/2] - Do (ne - 0.5)tan [!1/(2k)] +/Do T = neDo ran [!1/2] Example: Given a 49.75-in. D 0 , three-piece, 45° elbow, with ne = 2.5. 22S < !1 s; 45°, therefore, k=2
R = 2.5(49.75) = 124.375 in.
0
S = 49.75[2(2.5) - l]ran{45/[2(2))}
=39.6 in.
L = 2.5(49.75)ran(45°12)- 49.75(2.5- 0.5)tan{45°/[2(2)]}
+
0.143(49.75)
+
5=
43.8 in .
T = 2.5(49.75)tan[45/2] = 51.5 in. In certain applications, compound elbows and reducing elbows may be used. See Figure 5 for geometric relationships of a reducing elbow. For computational methods and formulas for compound pipe elbows, refer to AWWA Mll.
SECTION 5:
VERIFICATION
This standard has no applicable information for rhis section.
SECTION 6:
DELIVERY
This standard has no applicable information for rhis section.
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10 AWWA C208-12
-, --t--
1 i
,
( )
r
-D
La-l-a_jFigure 1A Tee
Figure 1 B Cross
Figure 1C Reducing Tee
I
Do ~----G---~
1-----LL-------1
Lr-~----------~
1-G,-4--- -L-LG - - - - - l
Figure 1 0 Case I
Figure 10 Case II
Lateral (Equal Diameters)
Lateral (Unequal Diameters)
Figure 1 E 90° Wye
Figures lA-lF
Figure 1 F Reducer
Recommended dimensions for water pipe fittings (except elbows)
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(
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
---
--- ----(\--
11
----;; -T-t--
-';---- --' -- ---....
Figure 2A Miter-end cut-welded butt joint
0
---
r:.____ --- - - \
-'!----\ .._-- -----Figure 28 Miter-end cut- welded lap joint
Figures 2A-2B
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows
\..._)
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
12 AWWA C208-12
~-------L--------~ (To match field conditions)
P.l.
Figure 2C Two-piece elbow (0° to 22.SO)
~--------L* --------~
Tl
(To match field conditions)
-------------rl --------+-11' _________1-f-l
(
R
Figure 20 Three-piece elbow (more than 22S to 45°) *NoTE: L may be less than T
Figures 2C- 2D
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows (continued)
( )
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITIINGS
13
T-,
1--------L*------~
(To match field conditions)
Figure 2E Four-piece elbow (more than 45° to 67.5°)
*NoTE: L may be less than T
1--T--1, -------!1 1---------- L*---------4 (To match field conditions}
P.l.
0
- ---:-11°
______LI-l
(i)
c
g '5 c
8 T
L•i
R
L
L
l
I II I
I
1
I
I II I
______ 1_____ _
:
I
:
Figure 2F Five-piece elbow (more than 67.5° to 90°)
*NoTE: L may be less than T
Figures 2E-2F
Recommended dimensions for water pipe elbows (continued)
.) sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
14 AWWA C208-12
I
I I
I I
I I I
r--a I
I I I ---L--------- -- - - - - -- I
~--- L t -------..JJ Figure 3
t
1:3
•
Tangential outlet
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
( )
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
15
*Butt joint not required but shown for dimensioning
I-l~--1
~,-- - - - - f - -- - -- - - - !
._.- .....:----+-------See Figure 1D - - - - - 1 """'- See Figure 1D
Figure 4
0
Lateral less than 30° (See Figure 10 for specific dimensions oflateral of equal or unequal
diameters.)
_)
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
16 AWWA C208-12
6 9 R
=Angle of intersection = Inclination of a right circular cone
(
=Radius of bend D, =Inside diameter of large pipe
n =2x the number of deflections
Dn = Inside diameter of small pipe p
= .Q. n
. e = -::-:---::'D,Dn -:-:::-:-.;__-:2(n- 2)R(tanp)
Sin
tan~
sin2p = ---=--'--~ cos2p + cose
ft
= 2D,
z, = ----:r,:->(s_i_ne-')---:~
fn
=
Dn 2
Zn = -~::-'-----'---:~
rx = r, -
(x- 1)R(tanp)(sin8)
_ D,- 2(x -1)R(tanp)(sin9) 0 xcose Where
x = number of divisions from
cos2p + cose rn(sin9) cos2p + cose
rx(sin9) Yx = ----':..:........---' -COSp
T= Rtan
~
P.C. to point under consideration.
Figure 5 Reducing elbow
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
0 sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
APPENDIX A Table A.l
Dimensions of steel water pipe fittings
Nominal Diameter
Tee or Cross
D
A
in.
6 (65/s OD) 8 (85/s OD)
..... --1
10 (103/4 OD) 12 (123/4 OD) 14 16 18 20 22 24 30
36 42 48 54
in.
(mm)
(150) (200) (250) (300) (350) (400) (450) (500) (550) (600) (750) (900) (1,050) (1,200) (1,350)
10
(254) (279) (305) (356) (381) (406) (432) (457) (508) (533) (635) (737) (838) (914) (1,016)
12 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 25 29 33 36 40
F
--
(mm)
11
Wye, 90•
in.
8 9
9 10 10 11 12 13 13 14 16 18 20 22 24
Equal Diameter Lateral, b. = 30•*
G
Hy (mm)
in.
(mm)
in.
(203) (229) (229) (254) (254) (279) (305) (330) (330) (356) (406) (457) (508) (559) (610)
12 14
(305) (356) (381) (432) (432) (483) (508) (559) (584) (610) (737) (838) (940) (1,041) (1,143)
25 29 34 38 41 45 49 54 58 62 75 88 101 114 127
15 17 17 19 20 22 23 24 29 33 37 41 45
LL
G1 (mm)
(635) (737) (864) (965) (1,041) (1, 143) (1,245) (1,372) (1,473) (1,575) (1,905) (2,235) (2,565) (2,896) (3,226)
in.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
7 8 8
(178) (203) (203) (229) (229) (254) (254) (279) (305) (305) (356) (381) (432) (483) (508)
32
(813) (940) (1,067) (1,194) (1,270) (1,397) (1,499) (1,651) (1,778) (1,880) (2,261) (2,616) (2,997) (3,378) (3,734)
9 9 10 10 11
12 12
14 15 17 19 20
37 42 47 50 55 59 65 70 74 89 103 118 133 147
1. All dimensions based on outside diameter of pipe equal co nominal diameter, D, except d imensions for 12" nominal and smaller pipe, which are based on pipe
OD nored. 2. For elbow dimensions, see Sec. 4.1.11.3 and Figure 2. 3. Add additional length co these dimensions when necessary for Aanged, mechanical couplings, or bell and spigot joints, or as needed to meet other design conditions. "'Lateral dimensions given are For an equal diameter, 30• angle fitting. For an angle go-eater than 30• through 70•, see equations in Sec. 4.1.6. For angles greater rha.n 70•, use dimension given for a tee.
(Continued on next page)
sGGoopGjUGs{kUGYWXZTW_TYWUGh GGGGGGG GU
~
TableA.l
00
Dimensions of steel water pipe fittings (continued)
)>
Nominal Diameter
Tee or Cross
D
A
~
Equal Diameter Lateral, 1::!. = 30o*
Wye, 90°
F
G
Hy
~
LL
G1
(")
in.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
m.
(mm)
in.
(mm)
in.
{mm)
in.
(mm)
m.
(mm)
"'000
60
(1,500)
44
(1,118)
27
(686)
50
(1,270)
140
(3,556)
22
(559)
162
(4,115)
"'
66
(1,650)
48
(1,219)
29
(737)
54
(1,372)
153
(3,886)
24
(610)
177
(4,496)
72
(1,800)
52
(1,321)
31
(787)
58
(1.473)
165
(4,191)
25
(635)
190
(4,826)
78
(1,950)
56
(1,422)
33
(838)
62
(1,575)
178
(4,521)
27
(686)
205
(5,207)
84
(2,100)
60
(1,524)
35
(889)
67
(1,702)
191
(4,851)
29
(737)
220
(5,588)
90
(2,250)
63
(1,600)
37
(940)
71
(1,803)
204
(5,182)
30
(762)
234
(5,944)
96
(2,400)
67
(1,702)
39
(991)
75
(1,905)
217
(5,512)
32
(813)
249
(6,325)
102
(2,550)
71
(1,803)
41
(1,041)
79
(2,007)
230
(5,842)
34
(864)
264
(6,706)
108
(2,700)
75
(1,905)
43
(1,092)
83
(2,108)
243
(6,172)
35
(889)
278
(7,061)
114
(2,850)
79
(2,007)
45
(1,143)
88
(2,235)
256
(6,502)
37
(940)
293
(7,442)
120
(3,000)
83
(2,108)
48
(1,219)
92
(2,337)
269
(6,833)
39
(991)
308
(7,823)
126
(3,150)
87
(2,210)
50
(1,270)
96
(2,438)
282
(7,163)
40
(1,016)
322
(8,179)
132
(3,300)
90
(2,286)
52
(1,321)
100
(2,540)
295
(7.493)
42
(1,067)
337
(8,560)
138
(3,450)
94
(2,388)
54
(1,372)
104
(2,642)
307
(7,798)
44
(1,118)
351
(8,915)
144
(3,600)
98
(2,489)
56
(1,422)
109
(2,769)
320
(8,128)
45
(1,143)
365
(9,271)
l. All dimensions based on outside diameter of pipe equal to nominal diameter, D, except di mensions fo r 12" nominal and smaller pipe, which are based on pipe
00 noted. 2. For elbow dimensions, see Sec. 4.1.11.3 and Figure 2. 3. Add additional length to these d imensions when necessary fo r flanged, mechanica l couplings, or bell and spigot joints, or as needed to meet other design condirions. *Lateral dimensions given are for an equal diameter, 30• angle firting. For an angle greater than 30" through 70", see equarions in Sec. 4.1.6. For angles greater than 70•, use dimension given for a tee.
,.,..-
'--
r
\._.
J
~
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0
)
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n
()
D
FSC
wwwJac.org
MIX Peper rrom ruponalble souroet
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