Automatic Solar Irrigation System

Automatic Solar irrigation system In this project we make irrigation system fully automation by using a renewal energy i.e. Solar energy. We use a soil sensor which sense soil condition. If soil is dry it starts pumping for irrigation when soil or irrigational land become wet it stops pumping automatically. We connect ac ½ hp water pump with this sensor along with relay circuit. We use 20W solar panel for charging our 20AH battery.

Block Diagram

Hardware used:• • • • •

Solar panel (20W) Battery (20Ah) Hybrid Inverter (850VA) Relay (5V) Water pump (0.5hp)

Solar hybrid Power Supply In this project we take power from Sunlight, Battery & Main line in efficient manner. In normal inverter connection we use electricity for charging our discharge battery so that we can not save electricity. If continuous power cut is there so can not take long back up. To avoid above problems we design a smart solution. We use Solar panel to charge our battery by using a pwm charge controller so that we save electricity and no headache for frequent power cut.

Module used in our Project 850VA Luminous pure sine wave inverter sine wave just because it does not produce noise on motor pump.

20W solar panel  20Ah Solar Battery

Block Diagram

What is Photovoltaic Cell The term photovoltaic coming from two words i.e. photo means light and voltaic means electricity. It can convert from light energy to electrical energy in terms of direct current(dc). But normal light can produce only voltage and very less amount of current. But Sunlight produce both voltage and current efficiently due to presence of photon in sun light.

The Photoelectric Effect • The photoelectric effect relies on the principle that whenever light strikes the surface of certain metals electrons are released. • In the p-n junction the n-type wafer treated with phosphorus has extra electrons which flow into the holes in the p-type layer that has been treated with boron. • Connected by an external circuit electrons flow from the n-side to create electricity and end up in the p-side.

Charge Controller • Limits both charge current and voltage to protect battery from overheating and damage that shortens life using PWM. • Inside charge controller a feedback circuit is there which measure amount charge stored in a battery in accordance with charge it will give output voltage. • Disconnects battery loads if voltage falls too low (11.8 V is typical) • Removes charge current if voltage rises too high (13.5V is typical) • Regulates charge voltage to avoid battery water gassing

Storage Batteries • Lead-acid Tabular C-10 batteries are most economical; but must be deepcycle type is used in this project. • In battery electrical energy stored in the form of chemical energy in terms of direct current. • Between two plate there are both chemical and electrical components. • The simplest means of storage on a smaller moderate scale is in electric storage batteries, especially as solar cells produce the direct electric current required for battery charging. The stored energy can then be delivered as electricity upon discharge

Inverter • Inverter is not only convert direct current to Alternating current but also charge the battery by using PWM technology. • In our project inverter converts low voltage (24V ) direct current to 230 V alternating current.

NPN Transistor

12 V

12 V

Relay RELAY

Relay On off 0V 5

MOTOR PUMP • The AC motor is connected to the inverter. Output from the inverter is given as input to the AC motor. The motor is connected to a centrifugal pump. The pump helps to pump out the water for irrigation.

Future Scope:• Material of the project can be developed. • This will help our Indian farmer more efficiently. • This can be implemented in a large scale.

Conclusion:We design this hybrid project successfully and tested its all working condition successfully. And find its work automatically without any human interface. It takes power individually as per above description. .