Augusttiberius

Julio-Claudians Marriages and kids

Augustus and Scribonia • Julia the Elder – Two marriages • Claudius Marcellus, died 23 BC (Livia’s doing?) • Agrippa (Augustus’ age, Julius Caesar’s officer) – 5 kids » Agrippa Postumus (murdered in 14AD by Livia/Tiberius) » Julia the Younger (exiled, died 28AD) » Lucius Caesar (died 2AD, illness?) » Gaius Caesar (died in 4AD, battle) » Agrippina the Elder; married to Germanicus

Germanicus, slide 1 • Background: Augustus marries Livia in 39BC – Livia with previous husband had two sons • Tiberius (2nd emperor) • Drusus; married Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony – Drusus and Antonia have three children » Germanicus » Julia Livilla » Claudius (4th emperor)

Germanicus, slide 2 • His uncle, Tiberius, became emperor • Extremely popular with public and Senate • Great general in Germany and the East • Died mysteriously in Antioch in AD 18 (Tiberius?) • Agrippina brought his remains home.

Tiberius, slide 1 • 2nd Emperor, reluctant and frugile • All of Augustus’ heirs from Julia were dead or exiled. • Son of Livia from 1st marriage • Married to Vipsania – Had a son, Drusus (the Younger) – Forced to divorce her by Augustus and marry Julia, his Augustus’ daughter

• Great general in the northern frontiers • Adopted by Augustus when as last choice – Tiberius was bitter and didn’t want to be emperor

Tiberius, slide 2 • Drusus, his son (and heir) dies in 23AD – Poisoned by his wife, Livilla

• Executions and self-exile to the island of Capri in 26AD – Praetorian Prefect, Sejanus rules Rome in his name.

Tiberius and Capri

Tiberius, slide 3 • Recluse on Capri for the last 11 years • Sejanus executed for plotting against him – Messing around with Livilla, who poisoned Drusus, his son – Livilla locked in her room by her mother, Antonia, and starved to death.

• Sole surviving son of Germanicus, Gaius goes to live with him (Caligula) – Orgies, sexual depravity, and murder on Capri

Tiberius, death • Tiberius dies AD 37 at age 78 • The Senate rejoices and hears that Caligula and Tiberius Gemellus (son of Livilla) joint rule. – Caligula voids Tiberius’ will and has Gemellus executed.

•From Tacitus –His character too had its distinct periods. It was a bright time in his life and reputation, while under Augustus he was a private citizen or held high offices; a time of reserve and crafty assumption of virtue, as long as Germanicus and Drusus were alive. Again, while his mother lived, he was a compound of good and evil; he was infamous for his cruelty, though he veiled his debaucheries, while he loved or feared Sejanus. Finally, he plunged into every wickedness and disgrace, when fear and shame being cast off, he simply indulged his own inclinations.