August 2006

2006 jo*kwf 15

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2006 jo*kwf 15

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2006 jo*kwf 15

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[email protected]

pmrlrsm;ay;ykd &h ef #101 Enatsu House 4-8-5 Kami Ikebukuro Toshima-ku Tokyo- 170-0001 Japan

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2006 jo*kwf 15

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2006 jo*kwf 15

a&$&wktmabmf 1988 ckEpS rf aS yguzf Gg;vmaom jynfow l &yfv;Hk . vlxt k ºHk uGr=_ uD;onf/ ,ckEpS q f v kd #if wq,f±h pS f ESpw f idk f wdik f a&mufcyJh g+yD? vSn;f aeavSatmif; jrif;aZmif;ygrusef wEdik if v H ;kH .twkid ;f twm/ xkEiS x hf nfEiS hf ouf=uD;oufi,fr[l yg0ifco Jh nft h rsK;d om;Edik if aH &;v_y±f mS ;r_/ xºuGrr_ sm;wGif 1988 ckEpS f ( 8888 )ta&;awmfyakH vmuf =uD;us,rf /_ atmifjrifr/_ usq;kH r_wkd rh ±dcS b Jh ;l yg? +Adwo d #wkd v h ufatufrv S w G af jrmuf&eftwGuf jrefrmEdik if w H rsK;d om;vk;H yg0ifcJh onfrmS rSeaf omfjim;vnf;/ ,ckta&;tcif;uJo h kd h wEdik if v H ;kH tm;ESit hf ifEiS v hf y_ ±f mS ;r_rsK;d r±dcS [ hJ k ,k=H unfryd gonf? xdt k csed u f jzpfay:cJah omvlxt k ºkH uGr=_ uD;onf jrefrmEdik if /H tm±SwcGiu f o dk mru urBmukyd g ukid v f y_ Ef idk cf yJh gonf? Edik if w H umrS xkwaf 0aom owif;pm/ pmapmifrsm;omru/ Edik if jH cm;toHvi$ Xfh metoD;oD; rSvnf; jref rmEdik if o H wif;ukd xdyw f ef;OD;pm;ay;azmfjycJ=h uygonf? ta&;tcif;pwifcsed rf pS +yD; owif;wd/k owif;±Sn/f awG q h kH ar;jref;cef;wkd w h iG f ae&m,lco Jh nfukd ,if;ta&;tcif;wGi=f uKHawG ch &hJ olwikd ;f trSwx f ifxifowdw& ±d=S uvdrOfh ;D rnf[x k ifygonf? okd ah omfjim;vnf; xkt d a&;tcif;=uD;aemufyikd ;f rSay:aygucf &hJ aom Edik if w H um'Dru dk a&pD v_y±f mS ;r_rsm; wGif jrefrmEdik if o H mv#if atmifjrifrv _ rf;a=umif;rSaeI ,ckcsed t f xd aoGznfaevsu±f adS eonfukd awG &h ygonf? 1988 ta&;awmfy=kH uD;umvY atmifjrifrv _ ufwurf;okd ah &muf±cdS &Jh onf[k rqkEd ikd jf im;vnf;/ tpd;k &rif;quf (3) qufww d d jzKwfEidk cf o Jh nfrmS &mZ0ifrmS r=uKHcb Jh ;l ao;yg? b,ft h wGuaf =umifh atmifjrifrv _ rf;a=umif;ay:rS a0;uGm cJ&h onfukd ±d;k om;pGmjyefvnfo;kH oyf=uzdk h vko d nf[k jrifryd gonf? xdck sed cf gu ay:aygucf &Jh aom acgi;f aqmiftoD;oD;. pkpnf;nD!w G rf t _ m;enf;cJ&h jcif;/ acgi;f aqmifrsm;. t,ltquGv J cGJ =Jh ujcif;ESifh wdik ;f jynf.vk+H cKHa&;wGif t"duu¾rSmta&;ygonfh wyfrawmfukd 'Dru dk a&pDtiftm;pk rsm;bufokd h atmifjrifpmG odr;f oGi;f Edik rf _ r±dcS =Jh ujcif;wkd o h nf ratmifjrif&jcif;.t"dutcsurf sm;taeESi±hf cSd o hJ nf [k ,lqrdygonf? xkcd sed cf gu wyfrawmftwGi;f rS t&Hvuf±;Hk wyfzJG rh sm;/ wyfrawmf(av)/ wyfrawmf(a&)/ESifh cv& (16) rS wpdww f ykid ;f yg0ifcaJh omfvnf; t"dutiftm;pkrsm;rSm yl;aygi;f cJjh cif;r±dcS yJh g? wyfrawmftwGi;f okd 0h g'jzef ch sd jcif; tm;enf;r_EiS fh xda&mufrr_ ±djS cif;/ ta&;awmfyt kH wGi;f qifu h pJ eH pftyk cf sKyforl sm;. tawG t h =uKHenf;yg; jcif;/ wyfwiG ;f wif;usypf mG xde;f csKyfxm;cJjh cif;/ wyfrawmft&m±d/S t=uyf/ESiw hf yfom;rsm; ^m%fynm=uG,0f r_tuef t h owf±adS ejcif;ESifh 'Dru dk a&pDEidk if aH &; tjrifrus,jf cif;wdk o h nfvnf; ratmifjrifc&hJ jcif;twGuf oufqidk rf ±_ cSd =hJ uyg onf?/ ,if;jzpf&yfrsm;ukd oifcef;pm,lI aemifwiG f Tokd t h a&;tcif;rsK;d xyfr=H uKHawG v h mygu rnfokd ah omykpH H csum vkyaf qmifomG ;=urnfukd =udKwifajrmfjrif jyifqif=uzkd v h +dk yD[k xifygonf? xkcd sed cf gu atmifjrifr/_ a±$x;D aqmif;cJ&h r_/ qk;H ±_;H &r_rsm;ukd jyefvnfwoojzpf=urnft h pm;/ a±S v h yk if ef; pOf/ c&D;pOfwdk u h kd ykrd I kd tav;ay;+yD; jyifqif=uzkd h vkt d yfvyS gonf? jzpfvmonft h csed t f cgusrS pwifjyifqif pOf;pm; awG;ac:r_rsm;rSm tvsirf rDEidk yf g? ,cktcsed t f cgY jynfwiG ;f ±djS ynfow l &yfv;Hk rSm cg;onf;aomtawG t h =uKH/ cHpm;r_/ tzdEySd cf &H r_wkd rh mS 1988 ckEpS u f xuf ykrd I kd qk;d 0g;aomtajctaeokd h qku d af &mufaeyg+yD? tcsed rf a±G; ayguu f EGJ idk af om peufww H yf xm;onfh Ak;H wvk;H ay:xkid af e&onfh tajctaersK;d wGif jynfy±dS tzGJ t h pnf;toD;oD;/ vly*k Kd~ vf toD;oD;wkd t h ae jzifh (8888) ta&;awmfy=kH uD;ukd oifcef;pm,lI/atmifjrifr&_ ,lEikd o f nftxd vkH v h xkwo f mG ;=u&ef t"duwm0ef jzpfa=umif; xyfavmif;E_;d aqmftyfygonf? ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

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2006 jo*kwf 15

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1956 ck pufwifbm (10) &ufae w h iG f jrefrmEdik if H &ckid jf ynfawmifyikd ;f Y tbOD;ZHjzLESifh trd a':jzL jzL wkd rh aS rG;zGg;cJ+h yD;/ arG;csi;f 5 OD;teuf om;OD;&wemjzpfonf?

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rdbESpyf g;u rlvwef;ynmuko d if=um;apcJ+h yD; 1969 ckEpS w f iG f Ak'b < momwkd . h xk;H pHtwkid ;f jrifjh rwfaom “omra%”tjzpf omoemhabmifokd h 0ifapcJo h nf? xkpd OfrpS IAk'b < momygVpd mayrsm;ukd tywfwukwf avhvmoif,cl o Jh nf?

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Ak'b < mom ygVyd nmoif=um;jcif;Yxif±mS ;aom yJc;l wdik ;f ±dS “ =ucwf0ikd ;f y&d,wWd pm oifwu kd f ”odkh 1972 ckEpS w f iG f wufa&mufoif=um;cho J nf? y&d,wWd yËdywWu d sr;f *ef pmayrsm;ukd xl;xl;cíecf íeaf vh vm qnf;yl;cJo h nf? &efuek w f ikd ;f ESirfh E aW v;wkid ;f rsm;±dS t jcm;pmoifwu dk rf sm;wGiv f nf; ynmqnf; yl;oif=um;cJo h nf? 1977ckEpS w f iG f &[ef;abmifokd h 0ifa&mufco Jh nf? 1980 ckEpS w f iG f ygVyd nmoif=um;a&;tpDtpOft& wuUov kd 0f ifwef;txda&muf±cdS Jh onf?

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1980 ckEpS rf pS I Ak'b < moma&;*sme,f/ r*~Zif;rsm;wGif bmoma&;-,Ofaus;r_-c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg; rsm; ESifh tjcm;r*~Zif;/ *sme,frsm;wGif bmoma&;-,Ofaus;r_-c&D;oGm;aqmif;yg;rsm;/ pmyef;cs-D pm!Gerfh sm;ukd a&;om;cJo h nf? 1987 ckEpS w f iG f “ pmayvkyo f m; ”tjzpf vufct H odtrSwjf yKjcif;cH&onf? t&Siaf crmpm&onf 'Dru dk a&pDa&;&m*sme,frsm;/ r*~Zif;rsm;wGif 'Dru dk a&pDta&;/ vl h tcGit fh a&; ESifh +idr;f csr;f a&;ta=umif; aemufcaH qmif;yg;rsm;ukad &;om;azmfjyvsuf pmtkyrf sm;xkwaf 0jzef ch srd _ rsm;vnf;jyKvkyv f su±f o dS nf?

bke;f awmf}uD; rlvwef;ausmif;q&mb0

1982 ckEpS w f iG f u&ifjynfe,f xkid ;f jrefrme,fpyfYzGiv fh pS x f m;aom “Ak'b < mom omoemjyK bke;f

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5

2006 jo*kwf 15

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tajccHt*Fvyd pf mESiAfh 'k b < momygVpd mayrsm;uk, d if;okd ah vhvmaepOf 1988 ck jrefrm Edik if v H lt h cGifh ta&;ESi'fh rD u dk a&pD ta&;awmfykH v_y±f mS ;r_}uD;ay:ayguv f m&m t±Siaf crmpm&vnf; ,if;ta&; awmfy}kH uD;wGif wufºuGpmG yg0ifvy_ ±f mS ;cJo h nf? ajratmufv#K0d u S zf GJ ph nf;cJah om “&[ef;ysKo d r*~/&efuek f ”wGif OD;aqmifau'gwyg;tjzpfvnf; aumif;/ &efuek +f rKdt h a&;ygaoma'owcktwGi;f YzGJ ph nf;xm;aom “&[ef;ysKo d r*~”wGif taxGaxG twGi;f a&;r–;tjzpfvnf;aumif;/ Ak'b < mom&[ef;oHCm/ ausmif;om;ESi0fh efxrf;rsm;yg0ifzGJ ph nf; xm;aom “taxGaxG oydwaf umfrw D ”D wGif t=uHay;yk*K~ v d t f jzpfvnf;aumif;/ Edik if v H ;kH qkid &f mzGJ h pnf;xm;aom “'Dru dk a&pD ta&; awmfykH =uD;=uyfa&;aumfrw D ”D wGif oHCmhu, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf vnf;aumif;/ “atmuf jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qkid &f m&[ef;ysKo d r*~”wGif A[kt d vkyt f r_aqmifwyg;tjzpf vnf;aumif; aqmif±u G v f y_ ±f mS ;cJo h nf? 1988 ckEpS Ef 0dk ifbmvwGijf yefvnfzpGJh nf;cJah om“jrefrmEdik if H vk;H qkid &f m &[ef;ysKd or*~”wGif OuUX tjzpf ,ae w h ikd f wm0ef,l v_y±f mS ;aeonf?

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1988 ck pufwifbm 18 &ufae h ppfbufrt S m%modr;f vku d o f nfah emufwiG f xdik ;f jref rme,fpyfukd tajcjyK+yD;/“t=urf;rzufaomenf;vrf;”jzif/h tjcm;aom 'Dru dk a&pDtzGt Jh pnf;rsm;ESifh r[mrdwjf yK umjrefrmEdik if t H wGuf 'Dru dk a&pD&±daS &;/ vl t h cGit fh a&;t jynft h 0usio fh ;kH cHpm;Edik af &;ESifh +idr;f csr;f a&;rsm; &±daS &;rsm;twGuf qufvuf=udK;yrf; vsu±f o dS nf? Edik if w H umAk'b < momrsm;tzGJ t h pnf;wckjzpfaomINEB wGijf refrmEdik if q H ikd &f m t}uHay;yk*K~d vft jzpfvnf;aqmif±u G v f su±f o dS nf?

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t&Siaf crmpm&onf jrefrmEdik if 'H rD u dk a&pDa&;twGuf *smr%D/ oD&v d uFm/ tar&duef jynfaxmifp/k uae'g/puFmyl/ rav;&Sm;/ urfycl sm;ESifh b*Fvm'uf&ESf idk if rH sm;okd h ºuGa&mufvsuf a[majympnf;¶k;H cJo h nf? 2005 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmvwGif *syefEidk if o H kd ºh uGa&mufvmcJ+h yD; wku d sK+d rdK /h e*k, d m +rdK rh sm; wGif DOHO Ak'b < momwuUov kd t f ygt0if bmoma&;ESiEfh idk if aH &;tzGJ t h pnf;rsm;rS*syefvrl sK;d rsm;ESifh 9 }udrf

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6

2006 jo*kwf 15

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2006 jo*kwf 15

1988 ckEpS f rwfvtwGi;f jzpfymG ;cJah om pufrw _ uUov dk af usmif;om;udzk ek ;f armfusq;Hk cJ&h o!fh wygwD tm%m&Sipf epfuq dk ef@usiaf om 'Dru kd a&pDuadk wmif;qdak om ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;ay:aygucf o Jh nf? rwfvESifh ZGev f twGi;f ay:aygucf aJh om ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;rSonf urBmESiw hf 0Sr;f wtHw h =o jzpfc&Jh aom 8-8-88 'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfy}Hk uD;ay:aygucf o Jh nf? ausmif;om;rsm;. OD;aqmifrj_ zifah y:aygucf aJh om ,if;v_y&f mS ;r_}uD;onf wif;=uyfjyif;xef aomppftpd;k &oH;k qufuq dk ufwu dk jf zKwfcsypfco Jh nf? ,if;'Dru dk a&pDvy_ &f mS ;rSL}uD;twGi;f &J&ifh wufºuGI rw&m;r_ujdk ywfjywfom;om;qef@usiaf om ausmif;om; acgiaf qmif rif;udEk idk f ay:aygucf o Jh nf? udrk if;udEk idk . f trnft&if;rSm udak y:OD;xGe;f jzpfonf? 1988 ckEpS f 'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfy}Hk uD; jzpfcsed f wGif &efuek w f uUov dk o f wWaA' wwd,ESpaf usmif;om;jzpfonf? 1988 ckEpS f rwfvwGijf zpfymG ;cJah om wHwm;eDausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_/ ZGev f y_ &f mS ;r_/ 8-8 88v_y&f mS ;r_rsm;wGif t"duacgi;f aqmifco Jh nf? (26)ESpw f m oufO;D qHyidk f bk&ifwyg;vdk tkypf ;dk cJah om tm%m&SiOf ;D ae0if;ESifh tm%m&Sipf epftm; tEdik w f u dk cf u dk &f ef &nf&, G cf sujf zifh rif;udEk idk f [laomtrnf udo k ;Hk pGcJ o Jh nf? (28) &uf=o*kwv f 1988 ckEpS t f wGi;f &efuek w f uU odv k af usmif;om;or*~ taqmuftOD;a[mif; jrufcif;jyifY ausmif;om;or*~ zGJ@pnf;a&;nDvmcHudk usi;f ycJo h nf? ,if;nDvmcHonf 1962 ckEpS pf pfwyfrS tm%modr;f ,lc+Jh yD; ausmif;om;or*~taqmuftOD;tm; rdik ;f cJòG zdcsum ausmif;om;or*~tm; zrf;qD;òzdco GJ !ft h csed rf pS I yx rOD;qH;k jyefvnfusi;f yEkid af om ausmif;om;or*~nv D mcHjzpfco Jh nf? ,if;nDvmcHrmS ArmEdik if v H ;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyfudk zGJ@pnf;a=umif;a=unm+yD; OuUXtjzpf udrk if;udEk idk u f dk a&G;cs,f wifajr‡muf cJo h nf? 'k-OuUXtjzpf udu k =dk uD;/ taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpfr;dk oD;ZGeEf iS fh A[dt k vkyt f r_aqmif (9)OD; wdk@jzpfonf? ArmEdik if v H ;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyfonf 8 -8- 88 'Dru dk a&pDta&;awmfyHk umvwGi;f tjcm;'Dru kd a&pDtif tm;pkrsm;ESiv fh ufwu GJ m t"duOD;aqmifaomtcef;rS yg0ifco Jh nf? 1989ckEpS f rwfv (13)&ufae@pufrw _ uUov dk f ausmif;om;udzk ek ;f armfaoqH;k &jcif;ESpyf wf vnfae@rS pI ArmEdik if v H ;Hk qdik &f mausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf OuUXtjzpf &efuek òf rd@e,f t ESH@wiG f ppftm%m&Sif qef@usiaf &;w&m;yGrJ sm;udk &J0aHh jymifajrmufpmG quf wdu k af [majymcJo h nf? 1989ckEpS f rwfv (23)&ufae@ e0w ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;rsm;.zrf;qD;jcif;udk cHc&Jh onf? ta&;ay: tufO ya'yk'rf (10§u)jzifah xmifwiG ;f csKyfaESmifxm;+yD; jyifyrS rdom;pktygt0if rnfoEl iS rfh # awG@ciG v fh nf;ray;/ &k;H wifw&m;pGq J jdk cif;vnf;rðybJ 1991 ckEpS f 'DZifbmvtxd csKyfaESmifxm;cJo h nf? 1991ckEpS f 'DZifbmvtwGi;f wGif w&m;Oya't& rnfo!fh ckcH

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umuG,cf iG rfh #ray;bJ axmifwiG ;f w&m;&k;H wGif v#Kd @0u S w f &m;pGq J +dk yD; axmif (15)ESpf csrw S v f u kd o f nf? 1998 ckEpS f ESpq f ef;ydik ;f wGif udrk if;udEk idk t f m; ppfawGtusO;f axmifodk@ ajymif;a&$@ccH &Jh +yD; udrk if;udEk ikd o f nf &efuek f òrd@ (rdom;pkaexdik &f m)ESifh rdik f 600 cef@a0;o!fh ppfawG t usO;f axmifwiG f tusO;f usccH &Jh +yD; vGw&f ufaphaomfvnf; yk'rf (10§u)jzifh qufvufxed ;f odr;f xm;jcif;cHc&Jh onf? &efuek Ef iS afh 0;aom oGm;vma&;cufcaJ om a'ojzpfo!ft h wGuf axmif0ifpm wacguaf wG@ v#if toGm;tjyef(5)&uftenf;qH;k =um+yD; rdom;pkrS ESpv f / oH;k v w}udrcf ef@om óud;pm;IawG@c&Jh onf? axmifwiG ;f Y &kyyf idk ;f qdik &f m use;f rma&;tajctae qd;k 0g;cJah omf vnf; pdw"f mwfcidk rf mpGmjzifh wku d yf 0GJ ifco Jh nf? 2004 ckEpS /f atmufwb dk mvtwGi;f 0ef}uD;csKyf Adv k cf sKyf}uD;cif!e$ f@ wm0efrS &yfpcJ &H +yD; trsKd ; om; axmufvrS ;f a&;tzGJ@udk zsuo f rd ;f I tusO;f om; 1937 OD;udk v$waf y;rnf[k etz tpd;k &rS a=unm+yD; aemuf Ek0d ifbmv (19)&ufae@wiG f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifurdk if;udEk ikd o f nf ppfawGtusO;f axmifrS jyefvnfvw G af jrmufvmcJo h nf? ,cktcgwiG f &efuek òf rd@&adS etdrYf rd om;pkEiS t fh wl aexdik v f su&f +Sd yD; tusO;f axmifxw J iG f ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmaevmcJah om '%fa=umifh a0'emtenf;i,f cHpm;ae&onfrv S I GJ use;f rmvsu&f ySd gonf?

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(6)a,muftwGuf yJvyk yf gw,f/ tJ'DrmS ausmif;om;tzG@J tpnf;awGu ygwo D abmaygah v 'gayr,fh ygwv D dk@rac:bl; ayg/h ausmif;om;nDnw G af &;wyfO;D &Srd ,f/ (Democratic Students Organization)ac:wJh (DSO)&Srd ,f tJvydk J tjcm;ausmif;om;tzGJ@ ponf tm;+zifh ausmif;om;tzGŒJ awG 0if+yD;òydi=f uygw,f/ ausmif;om;awGutJ'gudk v#Kd @0u S rf aJ y;pepfeJ@a&G;ygw,f/” (w-u-o)ausmif;om;a[mif;tr_aqmifO;D vSazajymjyoGm;wmyg/ wcgjyef=unfah wmh wuUov dk af usmif; om;or*~ordik ;f rSm (w-u-o)qdw k m p+yD;ay:cJ+h yD; aemufr=umcifrmS yJ ArmEkid if v H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~(Au-o) qdkwmvnf; ay:vmcJw h ,f/ aemufwcg (A-u-o)rsm;tzGJ@csKyfqw dk muvnf; &Scd jhJ yefw,f/ tJ'v D dk or*~awG u b,fvakd wGqufE, G +f yD;/ b,fvkd tvkyfvyk fc=Jh uwmygvJ/ 'Dta=umif;ukdoEd dkizf dk@awmh (1960-63)ckESpf (A-uo)rsm;tzGJ@csKyftwGi;f a&;r_;tzGJh0if (1961-62)ESpf &efukew f uUov kd f ausmif;om;rsm; nDnw G af &;wyfOD;&Jh twGi;f a&; r_; OD;vSa&$udk ar;=unfch yJh gw,f/ OD;vSa&$ -“(w-u-o)uawmhtapmqH;k ay:wmaygh/ aemuf ArmEkid fiv H ;kH qkid f&m ausmif;om;or*~uawmh 'gow d Jh twdik ;f yJ/ (1936)arvrSmzGJ@wmuk/d zJG@awmh(A-u-o)eJ@ ausmif;om;or*~ ESpcf u k awmufav#muftòydijf zpf vmwmayg?h (1960)ckEpS f (6)}udrf ajrmuf (A-u-o)nDvmcHrmS rS (A-u-o)rsm;tzGJ@csKyf[m Armwjynfv;kH udk uk, d f pm;ðywJh trsKd ;om;ausmif;om;or*~=uD;tjzpfeJ@ (6)=udraf jrmuf uGef*&ufuqH;k jzwfvu dk w f ,f/ (A-uo)zGJ@pnf;yHkrmS ESprf sKd ;&Sw d ,f/ wrsLd ;uwuUov dk /f aumvdyo f r*~awGe(Jh A-u-o)eJ@ qufqaH &;[m oD;jcm;oufqikd rf w _ pfcjk zpfw,f? olwŒkd uol@o;D jcm;zGJ@pnf;yHkeJ@ ol&Sdw,f/ Oyrm rauG;aumvdyo f r*~/ aemuf rEWav; wuUov kd o f r*~/ &efukew f uU odv k o f r*~pwJh or*~}uD;F awGu ArmEkdiif Hv;Hk qkdi&f m ausmif;om;a[mif;rsm;tzGJ@csLyfeJ@ qufo, G w f Jhtcg usew f mu awmhh b,for*~/ òrd@e,for*~ qdw k mawGurS (A-u-o)rsm;tzGcJ sKyf&J h wku d &f u kd w f m0efcrH a_ tmufrmS &Sw d ,f/ tJ'g(Au-o) eJ@wuUov dk f or*~qufE, G yf u Hk tJvkd taetxm;&Sw d ,f/” tJ'w D ek ;f u OD;vSa&$wdk@tcsed u f aygah emf or*~awG&v hJ yk if ef;pOf&nf&, G cf suaf wGu bmawG bmygvcJ ifAsm/ OD;vSa&$ -“eHygwfwpfuawmh e,fcsq Jh efhusiaf &;eJh vGwv f yfa&;xde;f odr;f a&;/ 'kw, d uawmh jynfwiG ;f ppf&yf pJa&;/ jynfwiG ;f +idr;f csr;f a&;/ wwd,&nf&, G cf suu f awmh 'Dru dk a&pDtzGhJtpnf;ukd vufczH kd@/ umuG,fzkd@u ausmif;om; or*~awG&Jhta=umif;&if;cHawG&Jh ta&;}uD;wJh&nf&, G fcsuw f cky/J aemufq;Hk pwkwt Î csuu f awmh ynma&;pepfaumif; zdk@eJ@ ausmif;om;awG&J@ ae@pOfynmoif=um;r_awGudk jynfpkHvakH vmufz@kd tJ'&D nf&, G fcsu(f 4)csufukd t"duxm;aeyg w,f/ ” OD;vSa&$ajymcJhwJhtwdik ;f or*~&J@&nf&, G fcsuaf wGukd =unf&h if EDkiif aH &;eJ@qufE, G af ewmawGudk awG@&ygw,f/ Oyrm 'Dru dk a&pDa&; jynfwGi;f +idr;f csr;f a&;qdkwmrsKd ;awGudk aemufwcg ausmif;om;v_yf&mS ;r_qw kd mawGukd acwftquf quf jyef=unf&h ifvnf; ausmif;om;awG[mtrsKd ;om;a&; Ekid if aH &; awmif;qdw k dkuyf JaG wGrmS ygcw Jh mudk awG@&ygw,f/ 'D rSmwcsKd@u ausmif;om;ta&;qdw k m ausmif;cef;xJrmS pmoifcef;xJrmS jzpfwhJ ta&;oufoufv@kd jrif=u+yD;awmh ausmif;om;awGEidk if aH &;eJ@ uif;rJw h ,fvdk@ ajymcJ=h uolawGvnf;&Scd yhJ gw,f/ OD;vSa&$&J@ oabmxm;udk r=um;cifrmS ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm; r_awGrmS ygcw Jh Jh vltrsm;u av;pm;=unfnKd =uwJh yk*K~d vf}uD;awG&J@ tjrifawGudk em;axmif=unfh =u&atmifyg/ yxrqH;k awmh &Jabmfo;Hk usdy0f if Adkvrf ;_ csLyfa[mif;ausmaf Zmayg/h ol[mvnf; (1938-ck) Adv k af tmif ausmu f sq;Hk cJw h Jh twGi;f 0ef&;Hk udk 0dik ;f cJw h Jh wwd, ausmif;om;oydwrf mS ygcw Jh o Jh yl g/. ol@tjrifuawmhæ Adv k rf ;_ csLyfa[mif;ausmaf Zm -“rw&m;r_awG&adS eao;oa&$ jynfolawGwu kd fyGJ0ifaeao;oa&G olwdk@av; awG/ ynma&;oifEidk rf mS r[kwyf gb;l / 'Dvydk J wdu k yf aJG wGa&S@u yg0ifae&ygvrd Ofh ;D r,fqw dk m usaemfwdk@oo H ,r&Scd yhJ gb;l ausmif;om;rsm;Edik if aH &;vky&f wm vkycf siv f dk@vyk &f wm r[kwb f J rv$rJ a&Smifom b0ay;tod b0ay;wm0efrsm; a=umifo h m jzpfw,fqw dk mygb?J ” aemuf vlxak ':trmqdv k nf; (1936-ck) ArmEdkifiv H ;kH qdik f&m ausmif;om;rsm;or*~ pwif zJ@G pnf;pOfu wnf;u yg0ifco Jh yl g/ tarrmua&mcifAs/ ausmif;om;awG Edik if aH &;rSmygwmudk b,fv, dk q l ygovJ?

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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vlxt k a':trm -“taruawmhav ausmif;om;vnf; jynfoly/J jynfoleJ@twlwal &m+yD;awmh wufºuG& rSmbJ/ Ed;k =um;&rSmbJ/ v_y&f mS ;&rSmbJvdk@jrifwmbJayg/h ausmif;om;rdkv@kd Edik fiaH &;rSmryg &bl;vd@k tJ'v D rkd jrifb;l / tJ'grmS ; w,f/ taruawmh ausmif;om;vJbJ Edik if aH &; vkyo f ifw h ,fv@kd jrifwmbJ bmjzpfvŒdk wke;f qdak wmh ausmif;om;vnf; wdik ;f oljynfom;wa,mufb f J r[kwv f m;? wae@v=l uD; jzpfvmOD;rSmbJ/ tJawmhEikd fiaH &;rvky&f if t w,fom;&J@ vkyf& rSmbJ?” OD;vSa&$ua&mcifAs Edkiif aH &;udk awmufavsmufaqmif&u G fcw hJ Jh ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif w a,muftaeeJ@ ausmif;om;awG bma=umifh Edik if aH &;aqmif&u G &f w,fqw kd mvnf; &Si;f jyay;ygO;D cifAs/ OD;vSa&$ -“ausmif;om;qdw k mu ynmwwfawGb/J todynm&Sif twwfynm&Siaf wGbJ odŒk r[kwf ausmif;om;u wu,fwrf;usawmh vl@tzJG@tpnf;&J@ OD;aESmufb/J vl@tzJG@tpnf;xJrmS tEd;k =um;qH;k bJ/ t*Fvyd f acwfuvnf; q&mpH ta&;awmfyu Hk p+yD;awmh/ aemufq;kH aygh vGwfvyfa&; r&ciftxd &Jabmfo;Hk usdyftxd vufwJG yg0ifcw Jh Jo h al wGu ausmif;om;awGb/J 'ga=umifv h nf; ausmif;om;rS ausmif;om;r[kww f o Jh lrS awmif;qdEk dkiw f m r [kwyf gb;l cifAs? jrefrmjynfvw G v f yfa&;[m wu,fwrf;=unf&h if ausmif;om;vdyk nmwwfawGu wpHw k &m Edik fiaH &; t& Ed;k =um;=uw,f? 'gou l avmuygvw&m;(3)yg;udk ud, k pf m;ðyw,fwpfcsuf jrefrmjynf&@J ,ae@acwf Edik fiaH &;o rdik ;f udk jyef=unfŒ&if/ ynmwwfawGu tzJG@toD;oD;rSm a&@w S ef;ubJ/ olwdk@[m tpd;k &jzpfwmrjzpfwm aemuf udpu P 'Dae@=unfayg/h tdE, Nd qdk&if yd+k yD;awmifaocsmaeygw,f/ tdE, dN ud=k unfŒvdu k f t"du tifw,fvufusL&,fawGu jref rmjynf 'Dru dk a&pDtwGu&f Sad ew,f/ ausmif;om;u Edik if aH &;vkyfoifw h ,f rvkyfoifb h ;l qdw k m ausmif;om;wa,muf csi;f u qH;k jzwfwmr[kwb f ;l / jrefrmjynf&J@ wnfqJ Edik if aH &; tajcaet&yf&yfu awmif;qdw k m zefw;D aewJt h aeeJ@ r v$rJ a&Smifom rsuaf phatmufu avmuygvw&m;(3)yg;rJah e&if avmuygvw&m;(3)yg;vdv k m;aeolawGu b,fol rqdyk gEidk yf gw,f/ bke;f }uD;vnf;ygw,f/ ausmif;om;vnf;ygw,f?” ausmif;om;[m Edik fiaH &;vkyfoifh&ifvyk &f r,f/ acwf&@J jyXmef;csuft& Edik fiaH &;v_yf&mS ;r_rmS yg&r,fvdk@awmh ausmif;om;v_y&f Sm;r_acgi;f aqmifawGu qd=k uyg+yD/ 'gayr,fh or*~v_yf&mS ;r_qw kd m Edkiif aH &;wdu k fyGJcsn;f yJ qifEaGJ ewmyg vm; wjcm;v_yf&mS ;r_awGua&m bmawGrsm;&Scd yJh gao;vJ? rEWav; wuUov dk af usmif;om;or*~&J@ wJGbuftaxGaxG twGi;f a&;r_;jzpfcw Jh o Jh l uAsmq&marmifprG ;f &nfu awmh trsm;=uD;&Syd gao;w,fwæ Jh uAsmq&marmifprG ;f &nf k nf;&Srd ,f/ ,Ofaus;r_e@J tm;upm;yJaG wmfawG &nf -“,Ofaus;r_uef@xm;wJah e&mqdv wufr,f tvSnfhus &efuek w f uUov dk /f rEWav;wuUov kd f/ armfvòrdiaf umvdyaf wGrmS ausmif;om;or*~awG&+Sd yD;awmh yJaG wmfawGvyk =f uw,f/ wa,mufeJ@ wa,mufcsp=f unf&if;ES;D =uw,f/ xl;c|ew f Jh tm;upm;orm;awGtm;vH;k [m wuUov dk x f u J ae t"duarG;xkww f mbJ/ xl;c|ew f Jh tEkynm&Siaf wGqv kd nf; 'Dvb dk J wuUov dk u f aearG;xkww f mbJ wdik ;f &if;om;awGuvnf; wdik ;f &if;om;tzJG@tpnf;awG wdik ;f &if;om; tvku d zf JG@=uw,f/ aemufjynfe,f,Ofaus;r_awG az:xkw=f uw,f/ wdik ;f &if;om;pmayr*~Zif;awGxw k =f uw,f/ wdik ;f &if;om;awG&@J ,Ofaus;r_tuawG bmawGuakd z: xkw=f uw,f/ 'gawGu +yD;usawmh jyifyrSmtukev f Hk;jyef@ymG ;oGm;w,f/ EDik fijH cm;qufqHa&;wm0efcw H a,mufxm;+yD; awmh urBmah usmif;om;or*~eJ@vnf; qufoG,w f ,f/ urBmah usmif;om; toif;tzJG@ tpnf;awG vli,ftzJG@tpnf; awGeJ@vnf; qufo, G +f yD;awmhvnf; vkyaf qmifw,f/ tifrwefus,f jyef@w,f?” 'Dvv dk y_ &f mS ;r_awG trsm;}uD;&Sw d t Jh xJrmS q&mpGr;f t"duaxmufjyoGm;wmuawmh (1958)ckEpS rf mS ausmif;om;awGuOD;pD; +yD;vkycf JhwJh ynma&;pepf jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; ynma&;ED;S aESmz vS,yf =JG uD;yg? 'DE;DS aESmzvS,yf GJ =uD;uae 'Drdkua&pD ynma&;pepf jzpfvmatmif ausmif;om;awGu =udK;yrf;=uHpnfc=Jh uw,fvdk@ oluajymjyoGm; ygw,f? uAsmq&marmifprG ;f &nf -“jrefrmekidf if &H J@ynma&;udk ausmif;om;awGyg yg0ifjyD;awmh urBmh ekid if t H m;vH;k &J@ ynma&;udak vhvmjyD;awmh qufpyfjyD;awmhrS acwfynma&;pepfen hJ jSd yD;awmh 'Dru kd a&pDynma&;vdk@ emrnfay;wmud?k ausmif;om;awGyg yg0ifwJh ynma&;aygah v? 'Dtpd;k &uaejyD;awmh pDrHued ;f cswmrsK;d vnf; r[kwb f ;l ? ausmif;om;awG bufu pkpnf;wJyh nma&;qdjk yD;awmh ud, k u f u dk , dk af c:zdk@ aqG;aEG;wmqdak wmh ta&;=uD;ygw,f? ynma&;eJ@ywfoufwhJ

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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ausmif;om; aqG;aEG;cGifh ay;wm 'Dwcgy&J w Sd ,f”? 'Dvdk 'Dvdpk Gr;f aqmifcsuaf wG&cSd w Jh Jh ausmif;om;or*~qw kd mvJ rjrif&wm=umavjyDv@kd qdk&rSmygyJ (1988) ckEpS w f ek ;f uawmh ausmif;om;awGu or*~udk jyefvnfz@GJ pnf;ekid zf @kd =udK;yrf;cJ=h uygao;w,f? 'gayr,fh w&m;0if&yf wnfcGirfh &cJyh gb;l ? or*~ rwnf&aSd wmh ausmif;om;awGtwGuf bmawG epfemygovJ? or*~ &Sdvmawmha&m ausmif; om;awGtwGuf bmawGrsm; xl;jcm;rSmygv?J 'Dar;cGe;f udk awmh (1988)ckESpu f ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmifwpfO;D jzpfwJh udrk if;udEk ikd af jzygO;D ? udrk if;udek ikd f -“'Dausmif;om;xk[m ausmif;om;or*~qkdwhJ tzG@J tpnf;&Sv d mrS tcGifhta&;udk rSerf eS fuef uef&Ekid rf ,f? usaemfwdk@ aemifwcsed rf mS wdik ;f jynfwm0efxrf;aqmifcsi=f uwJh ausmif;om;awG[mvnf; tJ'D ausmif; om;or*~rmS yJ avhusiv fh dk@&ygw,f? ausmif;om;or*~&@J tpnf;ta0;awG[m v$waf wmfrmS usi;f ywJh tpnf;ta0; awGyHkpt H wdik ;f wlygw,f? obmywdeJ@ tcrf;tem; r_;eJ@ pepfwus avhusio fh mG ;&wmyg? taustvnf aqG;aEG;& w,f/ twdu k ftcH jiif;ck=H u&w,f/ tJ vdjk yD;wJt h cgrSm oabmxm;=uD;pGmeJ@ 'Drdkua&pDenf;usus qH;k jzwfcsuu f dk vdu k f em=u&ygw,f? 'Dvt dk usiafh umif;awG arG;jrLay;Edik w f Jh ausmif;om;or*~&rSd S &Edik yf gvrd rfh ,f? r&Sv d dk@&&Sd if u|eaf wmfwdk@ wdik ;f jynftwGuf avhusi&fh r,fh ae&mvnf; r&Syd gb;l ? 'Dru kd a&pD enf;enf;usus avhusiEfh idk rf ,fh tzJG@tpnf; r&Sb d eJ J@ bmjzpfomG ;ovJqadk wmh wpfred f@ wpftm%mwnf;udk emcHjyD;awmh rSm;rSm;rSerf Sef vdkuf vky&f wJh pepfq;dk wpfct k wGuf aemuf vdu k af wGurdk S arG;xkwaf y;r,fh tzJG@tpnf;awGyJ &Syd gvdrhfr,f? ausmif;om;or*~&rSd S tavhtusiafh umif;eJ@ 'Dru dk a&pD tavhtusiafh umif;udk &rSmjzpfwt Jh wGuf 'Dru kd a&pDacgi;f aqmifawGukd arG;xkwaf y;Edik rf mS jzpfygw,f?” or*~b,fvzdk JG@pnf;w,f/ or*~u bmawGvyk cf w hJ ,f/ ausmif;om;ekid if aH &; vkyo f ifo h vm; rvkyo f ifb h ;l vm;? a&S@raSD emufrSD vl}uD;olrawG ajymjyoGm;wmawG =um;cJ&h +yD? 'gayr,fh ausmif;om;or*~eJ@ ausmif;om;v_y&f mS ;r_awG&ŒJ ordki;f a=umif;uawmhtcuftcJ trsK;d rsK;d =um; rSm &ke;f uefvy_ &f mS ; cJ=h u&wJh tjzpftysuaf wGeJ@ jynfah eawmh tJ'gawGuv dk nf; odcsiaf o;w,f? ausmif;om;awGu OD;aqmif+yD;awmh qk;H &_;H aewJh tcGit hf a&;awG awmif;qdck J=h uwJhtcgawG rSm tm%mydik f awGeJ@ xdyw f u dk f awG@p&mawGjzpf jzpfvm&wmayg?h

1988 ck =o*kwv f 28 &ufae w h iG zf GJ ph nf;vdu k af om ArmEdik if v H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;or*~rsm;tzGJ h csKyf. OuUX rif;ukEd idk (f 0J)/ 'kOuUX uku d =kd uD;(v,f)ESifh taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rª a&;r;ª rk;d oD;ZGe(f ,m)

(wuUov dk af usmif;om;rsm;or*~zGJ ph nf;cJjh cif; 75 ESpaf jrmuf pde&f wktxdr;f trSwt f jzpf bDbpD D jrefrmykid ;f rS txl;tpDtpOftjzpfxw k v f i$ cfh suu f kd cGyaf 'gi;f 88 rSjzef ah 0csut f m; jyefvnfazmfjyjcif; jzpfygonf? ?pmwnf;tzGJ )h (qufvufazmfjyygrnf)

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

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1350 jynft h a&;awmfy}Hk uD;vdk@ jynfot l rsm;u tjrwfwEd;k ac:a0:oH;k pGaJ e=uwJh &Spaf v;vH;k 'Dru dk a&pD tHºk uG r_}uD;&Jh yxrrD;yGm;rD;pawG 1988ckEpS f rwfv 12 &ufeJ@ 13 &ufae@ &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk rf mS pwif awmufavmifcJh w,f? 'Dr;D yGm;awGudk ppftm%mydik af wGu b,fvo dk abmxm;cJ=h u? b,fvu kd ikd w f , G cf =hJ uygovJ? wbufuvJ ppftm %m ydkiaf wG&J@ t}udr}f udrftvDvD &rf;um;yufpufra_ w/G pdeaf c:apmfum;r_awGudk jynfoal wGeJ@ ausmif;om;vli,f awGu b,fvdpk dw"f gw/f ydki;f jzwfcsuaf wGeJ@ &ifqidk fausmef if;cJ=h uygovJ? pwJh 1988 rwfv&J@ aEG&ufjrwfawG[m us aemfwdk@Edik fio H rdik ;f rSm urŠn;f wifc=Jh u+yD;yg+yD? ocFe;f pm/ twk,pl &meJ@ av;jrwf*% k jf yKbG,&f mawGudk jyefvnf wifjyjcif; ESit fh wl usq;Hk cJh pGef@vw G cf =Jh uwJh ol&aJ umif;awG &JabmfawGudk OD;!$wrf j_ yKjcif;vnf;jzpfygw,f? (1)

1988 ckEpS f rwfvqef qe;f twGi;f &efuek +f rdK@awmf. tajctae? 1? 1988 ckEpS f rwfv 14 &ufae@wiG f pwkwt ˆ }udrjf ynfo@l vw $ af wmf qXr tpnf;ta0;pwifusi;f y&ef&aSd ejcif;/ 2? 43 ESpaf jrmuf awmfveS af &;ae@csw D ufyGJ twGuf wyfrawmf ppfa=umif;}uD;rsm; avhusiafh ejcif;? 3? tajccHynm txufwef;pmar;yGrJ sm; ajzqd&k efe;D uyfaejcif;/ 4? 1988 ckEpS f rwfv & &ufae@wiG &f efuek +f rdK@ jynfvrf;ray:&Sd csuu f q kd vdAk ufo&H aHk &S@wiG f AH;k ayguu f rGJ j_ zpfay:cJjh cif;æ ponfwdk@tjyif 5? 1987 ckEpS f pufwifbm 5 &ufae@wiG f rqv ppftpd;k &onf wpHw k &m cdik v f aHk om ta=umifjh ycsurf ay;bJ aiGpuUL rsm;udk w&m;0ifrr_ S zsuo f rd ;f cJjh cif;a=umif(h ,if;wdk@. trmcHrsm;/ owif;ay;rsm;/ opPmawmfcrH sm;rStp)wwdik ;f jynf vH;k . atmhEv S ;Hk emr_udk cHpm;ae&jcif;? 6? aiGpuULzsuo f rd ;f vdu k jf cif;twGuf (bmrxD)ausmif;awmfom;rsm;rS ppftpd;k &tm; wHk@jyefprd af c:cJjh cif;?{rdi_ ;f &mjynft h a&;tcif; +yD;aemuf +idro f ufcaJh om vlx(k vli,fxw k u kd yf rJG sm; )wzefjyefay:vmjcif;} 7? &efuek pf ufrw _ uUov dk o f nf aiGpuULta&;tcif;wGif rqv ppftpd;k &tm; jyif;xefpmG wkef@jyefcaJh om wuUov dk w f ck jzpfojzifh tpd;k &.t!‡Kd ;taw;udck x H m;&jcif;/(tjyeftvSet f m;jzifh jynforl sm;. tm;ay;axmufcrH E_ iS fh ar#mv f ifh csuq f rHk w S f b0udk &,lxm;Edik jf cif;) 8? 1988 Ed0k ifbmvtwGi;f ysO;f rem;/a&qif;&Sd wuUov dk rf sm;ESihf ppfawGaumvdyw f dk@wiG f tpd;k &qef@usiaf &; ausmif; om;xk qENjyyGrJ sm; q,fpEk pS w f ckausm+f idro f ufae&mrS jyefvnfay:ayguv f mjcif;? 9? Edik if aH &; Ed;k =um;r_tm;aumif;aom vli,frsKd ;qufopfrsm; pkppk nf;pnf; wnfwnf+idr+f idrf uspu f spv f pfvpfEiS fh pkzGJ@r_ tm;aumif; ae+yD; wdu k yf 0GJ ifvrdk p_ w d "f gwrf sm; [ke;f [kex f aeaom tajctaejzpfaejcif;? 10? wdik ;f jynfonf urBmzGH@+zdK;wd;k wufrt _ enf;qH;k Edik if (H L D C) pm&if;0ifc&Jh +yD; urBmt h vnfwiG f trsKd ;om;*k%f odumQ c|w+f cHKusomG ;cJ&h jcif;? 11? rqv vrf;pOfudk ygwt D wGi;f Yyif ,H=k unfru _ yfqu dk af e+yD; tajymif;tvJudk wwdik ;f jynfv;kH u awmifw h aejcif;? txufyg tajctae tcsuftvufrsm;atmufwiG f 1988ckEpS f rwfv 12 ESifhrwfv 13 &ufae@tjzpft ysurf sm; ay:xGuv f monfudk qufpyf=unfEh idk &f efjzpfygonf? (2) 12-3-88?n 8 em&Dcef@? &efukepf ufr_wuUov dk /f jyifyaqmifae ausmif;om;rsm; aexdik &f m taemuf}udK@uke;f “pENm0if;”vbuf&nf qdik w f Gif pufrw _ uUov dk f 'kw, d ESpaf usmif;om;rsm;jzpf=uonfh 0if;jrifh(EGm;xd;k =uD;)/0if;jrif(h ykvJ)ESifh ausmq f ef;0if; wdk@ vufbuf&nfqidk f xdik af e=u+yD; qdik t f wGi;f pdik ;f xD;qdik f oDcsi;f zGix fh m;ygonf?

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2006 jo*kwf 15

xdt k csdew f Gif (EGm;xd;k =uD;)0if;jrifrh S aZmf0if;xGÉo f cD sif;udk ajymif;zGiahf y;&ef qdki&f Sit f m;ajym&m qdik &f Siu f aZmf 0if;xGÉf tacGr&S/d wl;wl;tacGom&Sad =umif; jyefajymygonf? xdt k cg rsuEf mS csi;f qdkipf m;yGrJ S t𝔲l aeaom t&yfom; wOD;u pdki;f xD;qdkif tacG em;raxmifcsif&ifjyefayghumG [k cyfjywfjywfajym&if; bk=unf=h unfah eonf?EGm;xd;k =uD;0if;jrifh u tudw k dk@ziG cfh dik f;xm;wm rodvdk@ ajymwm[k awmif;yef&m t&yfom;vli,fu rif;wdk@&Sd&if rxdik af wmhb;l [kajym+yD; xxGuo f mG ;ygonf? c%t=umwGif 0if;jrifw h dk@tzGJ@vnf; xdo k al wGr;l aerSe;f odojzifh jyef&eftxwGif acG;ajcjzifh t&du k fc H &ygonf? use&f yfuu G w f iG ;f rS trl;orm; vli,f 3 OD;uvnf; acG;ajcrsm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; 0dik ;f &du k =f uonf? qdik t f jyifxd vku d v f &H u dk Ef u S =f u&m ausmif;om;ESpOf ;D jyif;xefpmG '%f&m&cJ+h yD; &yfuu G jf ynfo@l aumifpt D wGi;f a&;rSL; OD;}uD;jrifah &muf&v Sd mI tcsed rf D jzefajzay;Edik cf o hJ jzifo h m ausmif;om;rsm; oufom oGm;cJ&h jcif;jzpfa=umif; vbuf&nfqdkiyf dki&f Si(f =um;vl rsujf rifoufaojzpfonfh)a':apm&DrS aumfr&Siw f iG x f Guq f ckd Jyh gonf?(T&efyw JG Gif ausmif; om;(EGm;xd;k =uD;) 0if;jrif/h ausmq f ef;0if;wdk@EpS Of ;D ESifh t&yfom; ausm! f eG (f c)*Gwpf ed yf g '%f&m&cJyh gonf?) ausmif;om;rsm;onf olwdk@tm;&du k fEu S fcaJh om &yfuu G fwiG ;f rS vli,frsm;ukd vlvnf;rod/ trnfudkvnf;r od=uyg? tcif;jzpfymG ;&mqdik o f dk@ &Jpcef;rS vma&mufppfaq;aomtcg qdik &f Siaf ':apm&Du 'k-&J tkyOf ;D vSarmiftm; t r_wiG f nDnv D iG (f c)aZmfaZmf yg0ifa=umif;xkwaf zmfajymqdo k nfukd qdik t f wGi;f &So d rl sm;tm;vH;k =um;vdu k =f u&ygonf? Tpum;t& ausmif;om;rsm;onf olwdk@u&dk u dk Ef u S v f u dk o f rl mS nDnv D iG (f c)aZmfaZmf [krw S x f m;vdu k =f uygonf? ausmif;om;ESpOf ;D tm; trl;orm;rsm;u &efp&du k Ef u S v f u kd =f uonf qdak omowif;=um;vdu k =f u&aom ausmif;om;rsm;onf rcHr&yfEidk jf zpf+yD; &dkuEf Su&f mwGiyf g0ifoq l o kd nfh nDnDviG . f aetdru f dk vdkuv f HpHkprf;=uygonf? nD nDviG af exdik &f m ud[ k if;vrf; vrf;oG,-f 2 udo k o d mG ;+yD;aemuf nDnv D iG t f m; oGm;a&muf &SmazGjcif; / ,if;vrf;oG,f wGif &yfuu G af umifp0D if OD;nGef@}udKiftrd v f nf;&Sad e&m aumifpD0ifb,frmS vJ[k ar;jref;+yD; OD;nGef@=udKifaetdrrf S oef; acgipf m&if; udak wmif;,l=unfI h nDnv D iG . f yaxG;jzpfol OD;Adv k cf sKyf. tdro f @kd oGm;a&muf+yD; nDnv D iG t f m; xkwaf y;&ef awmif;qdjk cif;rsm; jyKvky=f uygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;Todk@ awmif;qdkaejcif;rSm ,cktjzpftysuEf iS hfywfoufI tm%mydik frsm;rS ta&;,laqmif &Gurf r_ &Sjd cif;a=umifjh zpfvm&jcif;jzpfonf? ,cifuvnf; cHxm;&bl;onfh tawG@t}uHKa=umifh ausmif;om;rsm;u w &m;r#wr_udk vufawG@taumiftxnfazmf&ef vdv k m;awmif;qdkae=ujcif;omjzpfonf?ausmif;om;rsm; Todk@pk&;Hk vkyf aqmifaea=umif; q&mrsm;odaomtcg ausmif;om;rsm;&S&d mod@k csujf cif;a&mufvm+yD; ausmif;om;rsm;. rauseyfcsuf rsm;udk w&m;enf;vrf;uspmG ajz&Si;f ay;rnf[k ajymqdak oma=umifh ausmif;om;tm;vH;k vnf; q&mrsm;. pum;udek m; axmifvsuf ud[ k if;vrf;rS jyefxu G v f mcJ=h uonf? q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf &yfuu G af umifpD&;kH od@k a&muf&v dS m+yD; tif;pde+f rdK@e,f &Jwyfz@JG rLS ;/ tif;pde&f J pcef;rSL;/ e,fxed ;f 'k&t J yk w f dk@EiS fh awG@qI Hk ausmif;om;rsm;tm; &du k o f nfw h &m;cHrsm;ESiyfh wfoufI rnfodk@ta&;,l aqmif&u G frnfudk odvadk =umif; ar;jref;&m pcef;rSL; OD;nGe@f armifrS (1) ausmif;om;rsm;udk &du k o f nfh t&yfom;rsm;tm; nwGi;f csi;f zrf;qD;rnf (2) Oya'ESit fh nD xda&mufpmG ta&;,lrnf (3) tr_+yD;oGm;v#iv f nf; &yfuu G t f wGi;f odk@ jyef vnfra&mufap&ef wm0ef,rl nfjzpfa=umif; ajymygonf? ygarmuQcsKyfrS wu,fr[kwo f t l m; ta&;r,lrad p&efESifh w u,f&u dk af om uav;udk xda&mufpmG ;ta&;,l+yD; jyefrv$wb f @kd ajymcJyh gonf? xdk@twGuf ausmif;om;rsm;ESihq f &mrsm;uauseyfaoma=umifh vlpkcJGI jyefcJ=h uygonf?odk@aomf xdknwGiyf if atmufyg rauseyfp&m tajctaewcdsK@vnf; tm%mydik frsm;. vkyfaqmifra_ =umifh jzpfay:cJyh gonf? xdk@a=umifah usmif; om;rsm;onf auseyfonfw h idk f apmif=h unfv h o dk nfo h abmESihf wtHak EG;aEG;jzpfc&Jh onf? (u)&Jpcef;rS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; &du k fEu S o f nfh w&m;cHrsm;udk zrf;qD;&mwGif aZmfaZmf(c)nDnv D iG ftm; zrf; qD;pOf &yfuu G af umifp0D if OD;nGef@}udKifrS nDnv D iG t f m; rzrf;&ef ajymqdw k m;jrpfao;onf?(odk@aomf &Jpcef;rSL; OD;nGef@ armifu zrf;qD; ac:aqmifomG ;cJyh gonf?) (c)&yfuu G af umifp0D if OD;nGef@}udKifonf &Jpcef;od@k vu kd o f mG ;+yD;aemuf nDnDviG f vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf &Jp

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cef;tm;zdtm;ay;jcif; vmbfx;dk jcif;rsm;jyKcJo h jzifh &Jpcef;rSaemufwae@(13-3-88ae@)rGe;f vGyJ idk ;f wGif jyefvw $ af y;cJyh g onf?(Todk@ nDnv D iG f jyefvw G fvmjcif;udk ausmif;om;rsm;u 13 &ufae@naewGif =um;od&aomtcg tm%mydik frsm;. rw&m;r_twGuf tcJrausjzpf&mrS 13 &ufae@n qlyrl j_ zpfymG ;cJ&h jcif;jzpfonf?) (*)ygarmuQcsKyfESifh q&mtcsKd @onf &Jpcef;u rnfo@kd ta&;,lonfukd odEdki&f eftwGuf &Jpcef;okd@ vdu k o f mG ; &mwGif nDnDviG fEiS fh w&m;cHwOD;udk ppfaq;aea=umif;/ppfaq;aeaom 'k&t J kyf OD;vSarmifonf ygaruQcsKyftm; “'Dvl ESpfO;D udk =unfph rf;yg &efjzpfxm;wJh yHpk Hvm;”[ka'gojzifh ar;cGe;f xkwcf hJa=umif; ygarmuQcsKyfESifh q&mrsm;rS aumfr&Siw f iG f xGuq f x dk m;ygonf? TtjzpftysuEf Sifh ywfoufI owdjyK&rnft h csufrmS &yfuu G w f iG ;f rS vli,frsm;onf tcif;jzpfymG ;pOfnu t𝔲l ,pfaea=umif; ,if;uk, d w f idk u f 0efcx H u G q f x dk m;ygonf? t&yfom;*Gwpf ed . f xGuq f ckd suw f iG f olonf&u kd rf _ jzifh axmifusb;l a=umif;yg xGuq f x dk m;ygonf? ausmif;om;rsm;onf ud[ k if;vrf;wGif aZmfaZmf(c) nDnv D iG . f aetdro f kd@ oGm;a&mufjcif; /aumifp0D ifO;D nGef@ =udKif.aetdrw f iG f oGm;a&mufawmif;qdjk cif;rsm;onf w&m;r#waom ta&;,laqmif&Gurf _ jzpfay:vmapvdak om qEN oufoufa=umifhomjzpfonf? &efvadk ompdwjf zifh vkyaf qmifcjhJ cif;r[kwaf =umif;udk atmufyg tcsu(f 2)csuft& od omxif&mS ;apygonf? (1)q&mrsm;u w&m;r#wpGm ajz&Si;f ay;rnf[al om uwdpum;udk vH;k 0,H=k unfojzifh q&mrsm;. pum;twdki;f emcHvyk af qmifcJjh cif;? (ud[ k if; vrf;oG,-f 2 rS tomw=unfjyefxu G fvm=u+yD; q&mrsm;ac:aqmif&mod@k vdu k yf gvmcJjh cif;) (2)ausmif;om;rsm;onf nDnv D Gifudk xkwaf y;&efom awmif;qdck +Jh yD; wpHw k &m ud, k fxv d ufa&mufjyK vkycf jJh cif;r&Syd ga=umif; nDnv D iG . f zcif OD;Adv k cf sKyfrS aumfr&Six f w H iG f xGuq f x kd m;ygonf? (3) 1988 ckEpS f rwfv 13 &uf? n ? ? 7;00 em&D }udK@uek ;f &Sd ud[ k if;vrf; twGi;f &ke;f &if;qefcwfrj_ zpfymG ;jcif;? nDnv D Gif jyefvGwv f ma=umif; rwfv 13 &ufae@naewGif ausmif;om;rsm;=um;od&aomtcg(ygarmuQcsKyf udk ay;xm;onfhuwdtm; tm%mydik w f dk@bufrS azmufzsuv f u kd +f yD[k ,lqvdu k =f uygonf?) tm%mydkirf sm;onf rw &m;r_udk ajAmifvkyaf wmhrnf / ausmif;om;rsm;. w&m;r#waom awmif;qdck sufudk csKd ;azmufjcif;jzifh tm%mydik fwdk@rpS def ac:cJah cs+yD/ 'Dtwdki;f iHk@crH vm;[laom tawG;rsm; ausmif;om;rsm;&ifx0J ifvm+yD;aemuf/ wkef@jyefvpdk dwrf sm; rcHcsipf dwf rsm; rwfv 13 &uf naewGif jynfo h yd af ecJo h nf[k pufrw _ uUokdvf yÌrESp+f rdK@jyausmif;om; udrk if;olrS xdpk Ofuolwdk@. cHpm;csurf sm;udk jyefajymjyygonf? xdk@a=umifh qENwlausmif;om;rsm; pkpnf;rdaomtcg w&m;r#wr_ukd rdrw d dk@bmom azmfaqmifrnf[o l nfyh dki;f jzwfcsujf zifh nDnv D iG . f aetdrftm; oGm;a&muf0idk ;f =uawmhonf? xdo k dk@0idk ;f &mwGif nDnv D Giu f dk vnf;aumif; tjcm; aom &yfuu G af umifpD tygt0if &yfuGuo f &l yfuGuo f m;rsm;udv k nf;aumif; t=urf;zufvo kd nfph dwf"gwjf zifrh [kwb f J w&m;r#wonft h wdik ;f jzpfapvdpk w d af =umifh ausmif;om;rsm;onf vufeufrsm;,laqmifroGm;=uyg? obm0t& ausmif;om;rsm;wGif vufeufrsm;&Sw d wfonfr[kwyf g? (aemif &yfuu G x f JrS 0dik ;f I&dkuEf u S af omtcgwiG rf S ausmif;om; rsm;onf eD;pyf&m aetdr+f cHpnf;&d;k rsm;rSww k rf sm;udk udik pf cJG jhJ cif;jzpfa=umif; oufaoxGucf surf sm;wGiaf y:vGiaf eygonf?) ausmif;om;rsm;tm; vrf;rD;rsm; tarSmifcsI wkw/f "g;rsm;jzifh xd;k ckwv f u dk =f ujcif;? ausmif;om;rsm;onf nDnv D Giaf exdik &f m ud[ k if;vrf;twGi;f odk@(nDnv D Git f m;&Sm&ef)0ifomG ;aomtcg tp ydik ;f wGif vrf;rD;rsm;vif;aeao;onf? xdk@aemuf vrf;rD;rsm; &kwfw&ufarSmifusoGm;+yD; (vlcsi;f rrSm;ap&ef tuôsc|wf xm;=uonf)h &ufuu G w f iG ;f rSvlwcsKd @u wkwjf zifh&u dk f&rkH u "g;jzihfyg xd;k ckwv f du k =f uonf? (Tae&mwGif owdjyKoifh

onfrmS ausmif;om;rsm; &yfuGuftwGi;f odk@ 0ifa&mufvmaomtcg nDnv D iG o f nfvnfaumif; ol.yaxG;jzpfol OD; Adv k fcsKyfonfvnfaumif; a=umufojzifh tdraf emufab;rSxu G af jy;um v,fuiG ;f xJoGm;yke;f atmif;aecJhonf[k aumfr

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2006 jo*kwf 15

&Siw f iG x f u G q f x dk m;ygonf? nDnv D iG af exdik &f m ud[ k if;vrf; vrf;oG,-f 2 rS vlxk tawmfrsm;rsm;onfvnf; Todk@yif v,fuiG ;f bufodk@ xGuaf jy;yke;f a&Smif=uygonf? &du k frnfo h l ckwfrnfhorl sm;rSm oD;oef@a&G;xm;olrsm;jzpfa=umif; T t csut f & xif&mS ;ygonf? rD;arSmifcsvu dk jf cif;/ vljcif;rrSm;ap&ef tuôsc|wfxm;=ujcif;ponfrsm;onf ppfa&;oabmyg onfh jyifqifrj_ zpfygonf? tm%mydik frsm; yg0ifywfoufr_r&Sdv#if rjzpfEkdio f nhf udpjP zpfygonf? tm%mydik frsm; yg0ifywf oufrq _ &dk mwGiyf if &yfuu G af umifpv D ydk grm$ ;tqifrh S vky0f ahH om udprP sKd ;r[kwyf g? tqifrh oifv h #if vlowf&ef=uH&, G f onfh tqifjh rifhtm%mydik frsm;yg0ifaeaom pDrcH sujf zpfygonf? tuô/sc|wx f m;jcif;onf w&m;cHtppfray:ap&ef ouf aoazsmufzsuyf pf&efjzpfonf? &yfuu G af umifpD tqifu h vky0f ahH omudprP [kwyf g) ausmif;om;rsm; '%f&m&jcif; orqdik rf ;D avmifjcif;?&yfuu G v f x l ak 'gojzpf f mjcif;/ ausmif;om;ESiv hf x l k vrf;ray:wGif jzpv qdik x f m;jcif;? n8em&DcGJ 9 em&Dcef@? }udK@uek v f rf;twGi;f ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh t&yfom;rsm; &ke;f &if;qefcwfjzpfae=u+yD qdkonfh owif;ud=k um; =um;jcif; ygarmuQcsKyfEiS fh q&mrsm;onf tcif;jzpfymG ;&mod@k csujf cif;yif a&mufvm=uygonf?q&mrsm; &yfuGuaf umifpD &H;k udak &mufawmh aumifp&D ;Hk ydwx f m;ygonf?(ausmif;om;rsm;toH=um;onfEiS fh &yfuGuaf umifpD0ifrsm;a&m &yfuu G ft

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2006 jo*kwf 15

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2006 jo*kwf 15

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2006 jo*kwf 15

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32

2006 jo*kwf 15

trsK;d om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ ch sKyf (vGwaf jrmufe,fajr)*syefXmecGrJ x S w k af 0onf

33