Assignments Staff 6 June 2006

1 TRAINING The purpose of this training is to train you for good ‘C’ programming and logic implementation. You will explore and understand the details and syntax of C language. You will also learn and look at the coding guidelines for good programming in ‘C’ (Refer to Coding style and Guidelines documents)

1.1 Coding style, convention Task: Read documents for Coding style and guidelines and implement the learning while writing codes. Objective: Get familiar with the coding style and convention for writing manageable codes. Assignment: None

1.2 Scalar data type, Operator, Control flow, loops Task: Read following topics from The C Language Programming Language, by Kernighan and Ritchie. • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Scalar Data Types Numbers – Integer, Float, Octal and Hex Notation. Constants and escape sequences. Operators Arithmetic Operators Relational and Logical operators Increment and decrement operators Bit-wise operator Precedence and order of evaluation Practical Exercises Control Flow If-else. Else-if Switch Loops While and For, Exercise atoi function (topic 3.5) Do-While, Exercise itoa function (topic 3.6) Break-Continue

Objective: Learn basic C syntax and write programs based on above topics. Assignment: Do exercise 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.9, 2.10, 3.1 and 3.2 (3.3 to 3.6 are there in topic 3.5 and 3.6, we have included them in loops section.) Here trainee’s need to handle the error conditions also for each assignment.

1.3 Functions and Preprocessor directives Task: Read following topics from The C Language Programming Language, by Kernighan and Ritchie. • • • • •

Functions Basics of functions Scope rule External variables Header files Static variable

• • •

Register variable Recursion The C Preprocessor

Read chapter number 15 from Advanced C.pdf for better understanding of preprocessor directives and conditional compilation. Objective: Learn and get familiar with functions in C and write programs based on above topic. Assignment: Do exercise 4.4, 4.5, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 4.11 and 4.12, 4.14

1.4 Understanding Pointers For understanding of pointers please refer to the book Understanding Pointers in C, by Yashavant Kanitkar, 3rd Edition

1.4.1 Introduction to pointers Task: Read following topics from (chapter-1), Understanding Pointers in C, by Yashavant Kanitkar, Introduction to Pointers • The & and * operators • Pointer Expressions • The Jargon of Pointers • Char, int and float Pointers • Passing Address to Functions • Functions Returning Pointers • Solved problems Objective: Get familiar with basics of pointers. Assignment: All Exercise

1.4.2 Pointers and Arrays Task: Read following topics from (chapter-2), Understanding Pointers in C, by Yashavant Kanitkar, Pointers and Arrays • What are arrays • Passing Array elements to a function • Pointers and arrays • Passing an entire array to a function • The real thing • More than one dimention • Pointers and Two dimensional arrays • Pointers to an array • Passing 2-D array to a function • Array of pointers • Dynamic memory allocation • Solved problems Objective: To learn and understand how array elements are stored internally and using pointers to access array elements. Assignment:

All Exercise

1.4.3 Pointers and Strings Task: Read following topics from (chapter-3),Understanding Pointers in C, by Yashavant Kanitkar, Pointers and Strings • What are strings • Standard library string functions • Pointers and strings • The const qualifier • Returning const values • Solved problems Objective: To learn how strings can be accessed by using pointers. Understand const qualifier Assignment: Section A – 3, 4 & 5(keep the encryption logic simple) and Section B - all

1.4.4 Pointers and Structures Task: Read following topics from (chapter-4), Understanding Pointers in C, by Yashavant Kanitkar, Pointers and Structures • An array of structures • More about structures • Structure pointers • Offsets of structure elements • Solved problems Objective: To learn and understand how structures can be accessed through pointers Assignment: Section A – 2, 4 & 5 Section B – 1, 3 to 5

1.4.5 Pointers Miscellany Task: Read following topics from (chapter-6), Understanding Pointers in C, by Yashavant Kanitkar, Pointers Miscellany • File Pointers • Pointers to Functions • Typedef with Function pointers • Argc and argv – Arguments to main() • Pointers and Variable number of arguments • Near, far and huge pointers • Which pointers to use ? Objective: To understand file pointers, pointers to functions and argc and argv pointers. Assignment: Section 5 – 5 Section B - all

1.5 Structure, Union, typedef, macros Task: Read following topics from The C Language Programming Language, by Kernighan and Ritchie.

• • • • • •

Basics of structures Structure and functions Array of structure Type def Unions Bit-fields

Read Macros and Miscellaneous Pitfalls.doc to understand probable pitfalls of using macros. Read Unions.doc to understand practical use of unions. Objective: Learn and get familiar with Structures, union, typdef and bit-field in C and write programs based on above topics. Assignment: Do exercise 6.1

1.6 File operations Task: Read following topics from The C Language Programming Language, by Kernighan and Ritchie. • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Standard input and output Formatted output-Printf Formatted input-Scanf File Access File open(fopen) File read(fread) File write(fwrite) File Close(fclose) File print(fprintf) File Scan(fscanf) File seek File line in(fgets) File line out(fputs) File length

Objective: Learn and get familiar with File operations in C and write programs based on above topics. Assignment: Do exercise 7.3, 7.5, 7.6 and 7.7

1.7 Miscellaneous reading Task: Read following documents. • • •

reentrancy.doc C Optimisation tutorial.htm C Programming - Just the FAQs.pdf

Objective: To understand concepts of writing Reentrant and Thread-safe codes, writing Optimized codes, understand answers of many frequently asked questions on C concepts. Assignment:

1.8 Assignments 1.8.1 Assignment 1 Task: Write a program that finds float number from anywhere in a string

1.8.2 Assignment 2 Task: Write a Program that removes repetitive numbers from an array

1.8.3 Assignment 3 Task: Write a program to draw swastik with * in 9 X 9 pixel area.

1.8.4 Assignment 4 Task: Write a program that finds number of ones (1) in binary equivalent of an integer number.

1.8.5 Assignment 5 Task: Write a program to convert decimal number to Roman equivalent

1.8.6 Assignment 6 Task: Write a program to reverse an array without using another array.

1.8.7 Assignment 7 Task: Write a program that will work as command equivalent to “grep” with all its options

1.8.8 Assignment 8 Task: Write a cross-reference that prints a list of all words in a document, and for each word, a list of the line numbers on which it occurs. Remove noise words like ‘the’, ‘and,’ and so on

1.8.9 Assignment 9 Task: Write a program to compare two files, printing the first line where they differ

1.8.10 Assignment 10 Task: To copy a file into another file using command line arguments.

1.9 Written test (Multiple Choice Question) Task: Go through 30 minutes of written test which consists of multiple choice questions and fill in blanks kind of questions. Objective: This will help you to analyze your own understanding of C language in depth. Assignment: Written test