Ass2 Sed

NAME.

: VUTIVI FINNOLIA

SURNAME.

: MASHIMBYE

STUDENT NO.

: 61609676

LECTURE

: Mr N Ndwandwe

TITTLE.

: Sociology of Education

UNIQUE CODE.

: 766003

ASSIGNMENT NO.

: 02

DATE.

: 25 March 2019 QUESTION S

PAGES

Question 1 a) b) c) d) Question 2 a) b) Question 3 a) b) c) Question 4 a) b) c) d)

Page 2 Page2 Page3 Page3 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 5 Page 6 Page 6 Page 6 Page 7 Page 7

Question 5 a) b) c) to

Page 7 Page 8 Page 8

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Question 1 a) I) Social order it is the product of multiple and sometimes contradictory process and also a necessary feature of any society and it is deeply important for building a sense belongings and connection with others and social orders in society is also responsible for producing and maintaining oppression social orders goes all in hand with the beliefs,values,Norms and practices of a given group of people II) The interdependence of different parts of society this is where we live in an interdependence society of group of people where we all depends on each other for most of our needs III) Manifest this function probally refers to the intended function of social policies ,process or action that are consciously and deliberately designed to be beneficial units effect on society. Manifest are conscious deliberate and beneficial that people observe or expect it is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant actions. E.g. in terms of gadgets manifest function of gadgets can be it allow people to access stuff easily regarding studies or entertainment. IV) Latent function are unconscious nor deliberate but also produce benefit they are in effect unintended positive consequences latent function include the formation of friendship among students who matriculate at the same school this function can also cause disorder and conflict within society and education also fulfils latent function

b) • Positive of functionalist explain how society minimise conflict through socialisation and social control Show the importance of shared culture as the basis of social orders • Negative of functionalist it does not give sufficient weight to human agency It is determinist 2

c) • Role differentiation this where members of society perform different task and occupation and thereby contribute to the functioning of society. • Social solidarity is unity of a group of class that produces or is based on unities of interest and objective standard it also refers to the ties in society that bind people together as one and with society it is social cohesion based upon dependence which individuals have on each other in more advanced societies .social solidarity involve beliefs, value and moral standards.

d) As we know that a norm is an unwritten informal rule that governs individual behaviour in an organisation I do not think we do have agreement on Norms and values in South Africa because thousands of schools lack of things like infrastructure necessary to provide learners with quality of education, electricity, water and teachers nowadays they do not directly teach rules to the students about Norms and values

Question 2 a) I) II) III) IV)

V)

With agent socialization school and family provide children as well as other members with Norms ,value in society to take place as well Material resources are scarce and unequal but the resources will compete With the ability for the idea is shaping by face to face encounters Bronfenbrenner put learners based with the size of the school infrastructure and environment by the influence of the work conditions of teachers towards learners Cultural is a language that different people uses and it involves society by defining the group of people in society

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b) The difference between conflict theory from functionalist is that • Conflict theory states that a society is in perpetual class conflict due to limitation and unequal distribution of resources and conflict theory focuses on the concept of social inequality in the division of resources and therefore the conflict that exist between classes which will eventually trigger social change. Conflict theory do not believe that public school reduce social inequality they believe that the educational system reinforces social inequalities that arise from difference in class • With functionalist theory this theory state all aspects of a society serve a function and are necessary for the survival of that society . Functionalist sees education as serving a beneficial role FUNCTIONALIST Theory that state all aspects of a society serve a function and are necessary for the survival of that society

CONFLICT Theory that state there is a perpetual class conflict in the society due to the unequal distribution of resources

Question 3 a) They are inevitable because are necessary for change in society since they help to build relationships in groups of identity, build cohesion in groups and can lead to balance of power in society as well as creating new rules and laws and they part of all relationships between individuals who work together • Conflict produces better solution strengthen bonds and provide the opportunity to see variety of perspective • Conflict is actually a very positive part of communication • Because of the different amount of materials and non materials resources available to them and some individuals people and groups have more power than others • They are likely to use power in other to exploit with less power.

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b) • Achievements based outcomes to ensure students are mastering skills necessary to successfully enter either the institution of higher learning • Criticism levelled of functionalist is that the approach encourage the maintenance of the status quo and complacency on the part of society members. The system of class and it highly differentiated arrangements of a role status and reward allocation are not questioned • Functionalist on theory departs from the observation that are most modern societies are multicultural • This critism points out the modern industrial capitalist societies are highly socially stratified in terms of class,status, ethnicity,gender and life • Sociology of education tend to fit best when applied to a largely unproblematic nation of modern capitalist of society this implies that the proposition and assertion of functionalist theory about what contribute to modern society.

c) Hidden curriculum is a broad category that includes all unrecognised and sometimes unintended knowledge. It include value and beliefs that are part of the learning process in school and classroom Hidden curriculum are the lesson that are taught informally and usually unintentionally in a school system and they include behaviours and attitude that students picks up while they are at school E.g. At school hidden curriculum students learn to form opinion and ideas about their environment and their classmates. Students gain knowledge in school and reinforces existing social inequalities

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Question 4

a) Context in symbolic interactionism involve the surrounding, circumstances, environment and background that determine specify and clarify the meaning of an event and all about providing background that focuses on society as the product of symbolic interactionism between people • Behaviour • Race • Religious • Cultures b) Theorists the family as a unity of different individuals who are working together to shape each others personalities. According to theorists family works towards the continuance of social inequality within society by maintaining and reinforcing . Theorists view the family as a social arrangements benefiting. Symbolic interactionist view the family as a site of social reproduction where meanings are negotiated . Theorists view the family as a historical institution that has maintained. SymboliccSymbolicc interactionist can be implemented in family therapy . Symbolic interactionist theory works well for describing individuals in behaviour. They does not allow for the prediction of an individual behaviour A symbolic interactionist on family of socialisation encompasses a broad range of process and outcome involved in integrating . It is viewed that socialisation is responsible for the formation of the personalities and self concept of individual as well as transmission of valued and attitude

c) Democracy is a political system in which citizen are expected to participate in the decision making process and running of affairs in their groups, society or nation 6

Democracy is a system of government where the whole population gets to vote for representative that will represent their area In Ancient Democracy helped to pick a leader among the citizen and system that processing conflict in which depends on what participants do . Ancient democracy means rule by people and society in which the citizen are sovereign and control the government in this form or ancient democracy are continuously involved in the exercise of power and decision by majority rules. In Modern Democracy is a system of political beliefs which emphasis the right of the individual and giving them the power and freedom to choose how they are rules and today in democracy people have opportunities to vote for their representatives that will represent them and people stand together as society and be one nation

d) Soft learning refers to learning that relies entirely on the school curriculum Hard learning refers to the learning by doing involving learning opportunities within as well as outside the formal school curriculum

Question5

a) I agree as we know that gender is culturally determined and is associated with the construction of masculinities and feminities in society and how girls are socialised into being feminine and how boys are socialised into being masculine. The answer is yes I agree that gender and race are both social constructs but they are not constructed in the same way and to treat them the same way is reductive and does a disservice to both people of colour and trans gender people’s. With SoE book the sociologist believes that gender is a social fact (page 86) and gender is seen as something that is accomplished through the ongoing social interaction that people have

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with each other. Gender and race is constantly constructed and reproduced through social constructs. Race is often seen as denoting biological difference however race is social constructs developed through opinion and social contact Society assigns people to racial categories such as black, white not because of science logic of fact but because of opinion and social experience this is why it is said that race is socially constructed referred page (88)

b) To have social class a person must earn to get there it is not just happened a person must work hard to have it and social class involve a group of individuals who occupy similar positions in society or economy this provide financial , rewards and stability a person’s dream happen on it with social class one can find people with upper class, middle class ,lower class and poor a person does not have this kind of class on given birth he/she must work hard to earn it c) Access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education regardless of their social class , gender , ethnicity background or physical and mental . Education is a basic human rights but many groups in society still do not have access or opportunity to learn especially if they live in poverty . There are some of groups of people who have greater access to education those who come from wealthy family background . Access to school is hampered by poor roads

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