Aspirants Times Magazine Vol.2 - May 2009

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Aspirants Times

India’s First Digital Magazine for IAS Aspirants around the world.

IES Exam Special HOT TOPICS - Swine Flu - Indian Spy Satellite - Current Affairs

Shubhra Tops UPSC CSE 2008 Interview at Website

Plan and Strategy for Indian Engineering Services (IES) Exam 2009

Articles - G-20 Leader Summit - North Korea Missile Program - Hindi Article ( VISHESH ARTHIK KSHETRA AVAM KRISHI )

Free MOCK Test Paper(150 Questions) for UPSC (Pre) Exam 2009

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Aspirants Times | Vol.2 May 2009

“ Thank you for the overwhelming support for Vol.1 of Aspirants Times Digital Magazine. We are working hard to bring you the best possible... ” Founder, UPSCPORTAL.COM

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Aspirants Times | Vol.2 May 2009

INDEX SECTION - 1 : Editorial • A Step with Confidence ......................................................................................................... 04 SECTION - 2 : Engineering Services Exam Strategy • Plan And Strategy For Indian Engineering Services (IES) ............................................... 05 SECTION - 3 : Articles • G-20 Leaders’ Summit .............................................................................................. 10 • North Korea Missile Threat .................................................................................................. 16 • Hindi Article (

) ......... 24

SECTION - 4 : HOT-Topics • Swine Flu (Attack Of New Virus H1N1) ................................................................ 30 • Indian Spy Satellite (RISAT-2 and ANUSAT) ........................................................ 34 SECTION - 5 : Current Relevant Facts • Important Current Affairs .................................................................................................... 38 SECTION - 6 : SPORTS ................................................................................................................. 47 SECTION - 7 : AWARDS ................................................................................................... 52 SECTION - 8 : Model Test Paper • MOCK Test Paper For IAS Pre Exam 2009 ...................................................................... 55

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SECTION - 1 : Editorial

A Step with Confidence We never expected so much, but it happened. Inaugural issue of Aspirant Times got very high number of reader’s support. It has been proved by your letters, suggestions and fast increasing number of membership. We can say Veni, vidi, vici about this magazine. Our editorial board had thought to get such support in coming six months. Now this support has inspired us lot, it is cause of our happiness and inspiration. But at the same time, it has brought greater responsibility and a challenge to prove ourselves on your parameter. We assure that Aspirant Times has a plan to fulfill our reader’s need with confidence. We expect that you will have confidence in our team and we in you. So we must keep a step with mutual confidence to go forward. For success in this exam, confidence is the first step. But beside this, you shall develop many other qualities in yourself- hard work, perseverance, determination, capacity to take risk etc. You can take an example from this year’s IAS topper 30-year-old Shubhra Saxena of Noida. The software engineer, and alumnus of IIT-Rourkee, Shubhra quit her well-paid IT job to become an IAS. It shows her capacity to take risk and success in the age of thirty, proves about her perseverance. Another great example of determination is physically challenged Varinder Kumar Sharma, who got first rank among the male candidates and overall bagged the fourth position in IAS 2008. He did it in his first attempt. Work hard, yes without it; you can never taste the sweetness of great success. So develop these qualities to become a winner. Still you have sufficient time to clear the IAS pre 2009, read carefully, revise timely and make good practices. So don’t waste the time in confusion, be determined and get success. Personal Note from Editor : In this very second issue, we are providing you many important articles on current happenings and introduction of Indian Engineering Service (IES) Examination with well woven strategy for GS portion for this prestigious examination. We have covered recently held Group-20 Summit, North Korea Missile Programme, Indian Spy Satellite, Swine Flue and many more current topics for Civil Services Main Examination 2009. We also made efforts to present this matter and articles in very lucid and easy way. So you can keep it in your mind for a long time. Under these topics, you will not find only facts and information, but analysis with deep insights. So you can prepare easily for fact based preliminary examinations and short answer type questions and same time these writings are useful for long answer type questions, essay and interview. Beside these topics, regular columns have been covered for Civil Services (Pre) Examination going to be held on May 17, 2009. We wish all the best for your IAS preliminary exam 2009. Meet you in next issue… Thanks! Editor: R. K. PANDEY and UPSCPORTAL Team

Published by : Kalinjar Technologies, New Delhi, India Editor : R. K. Pandey Editor-Technicals : UPSCPORTAL Team Typesetting and Design : UPSCPORTAL Team

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SECTION - 2 : Civil Service Exam Strategy PLAN AND STRATEGY FOR INDIAN ENGINEERING SERVICES A PATH OF GLORIOUS FUTURE By : R. K. Pandey Any one can never make a comparison of Government ventional Papers of 400 marks ie total 1000 marks. Service with anything. Where ever the question about Indian Engineering Services, actually these have very Beside it there is personality test of 200 marks. IES high position. Here, you play a role in a making a plan exam total carries 1200 marks. Objective Papers conand executing it not for money, for any person but your sist of three papers each carrying 200 marks of two beloved country and their people. No matter how much hour duration. Here first paper is of General Ability you get in private sector. So in this way, you can play Test divided in two parts-General English and Genvery important role in India’s development and mak- eral Studies and last two papers are from your chosen ing its future bright. Engineering subjects. Like Civil Servants in India, the Engineers recruited through Indian Engineering Services get very high honors in government and society. At present government is spending more than 15 percent of India's GDP in Engineering. Given the extent of tasks and functions managed by the public sector this extends to a fairly broad segment of the economy covering the Railroads, Military, Public works, Power, Telecommunications, etc. Government of India recruits its coveted Engineers through competitive exams held each year by Union Public Service Commission. For this, a combined competitive examination is conducted by the UPSC. The test is conducted in June every year at centres across India, namely: Agartala, Ahmedabad, Aizwal, Allahabad, Bangalore, Bareilly, Bhopal, Chandigarh, Chennai, Cuttack, Delhi, Dharwar, Dispur (Guwahati), Gangtok, Hyderabad, Imphal, Itanagar, Jaipur, Jammu, Jorhat, Kochi, Kohima, Kolkata, Lucknow, Madurai, Mumbai, Nagpur, Panaji (Goa), Patna, Port Blair, Raipur, Sambalpur, Shillong, Simla, Srinagar, Thiruvananthapuram, Tirupati, Udaipur,Ranchi (Jharkhand) and Vishakapatnam.

Part two of exam is consist of two Conventional Papers of each 200 marks are from Engineering subjects. Here I am telling about General Studies, which is very important, because without qualifying in this paper, your other papers will not be evaluated and your all efforts will go in waste. So be careful and prepare this paper systematically. I am giving details about this paper and related study materials. General Ability Test UPSC has divided General Ability Test in two partsPart A is General English and Part B is General Studies. Test of both subjects held in one session of two hours and carries 200 marks. General Ability Test is part of Objective Papers.

The Objective Type papers, which carries 600 marks are very important, because these are evaluated first and evaluation of the Conventional Type papers contained in Section-II of the Plan of Examination will be done only of those candidates who obtain the minimum qualifying marks in Objective types papers, as fixed by the Commission. So candidate must give importance to General Ability Test. They have often face difficulties in this paper, because their background is very much different. I think a good strategy is imporThere are two parts of Indian Engineering Services tant for this. written exam, Objective Papers of 600 marks and Con-

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UNDERSTANDING GENERAL ABILITY About General English: The question paper in General English will be designed to test the candidate’s understanding of English and workmanlike use of words. About General Studies: The paper in General Studies will include knowledge of current events and of such matters as of everyday observation and experience in their scientific aspects as may be expected of an educated person. The paper will also include questions on History of India and Geography of a nature which candidates should be able to answer without special study.

Instructions And Details of UPSC About IES The examination shall be conducted according to the following plan: Part I of IES Examination Written examination will comprise two sections:-Section I consisting only of objective types of questions and Section II of conventional papers. Both Sections will cover the entire syllabus of the relevant engineering disciplines viz. Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering. The standard and syllabi prescribed for these papers are given in Schedule to the Appendix. The details of the written examination i.e. subject, duration and maximum marks allotted to each subject are given below:

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Note:- Candidates are advised to read carefully special instruction to candidates for conventional type tests and objective type tests given in Appendix-IV (Part A & Part B) including the procedure regarding filling in the Answer Sheet of objective type tests in the Examination Hall. Conventional papers must be answered in English. Question papers will be set in English only. Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances will they be allowed the help of a scribe to write the answers for them. The Commission have discretion to fix minimum qualifying marks in any or all the papers of the examination. The Objective Type papers as contained in Section-I of the Plan of the Examination will be evaluated first and evaluation of the Conventional Type papers contained in Section-II of the Plan of Examination will be done only of those candidates who obtain the minimum qualifying marks in Objective types papers, as fixed by the Commission. Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge. Deduction up to 5 per cent of the maximum marks for the written papers will be made for illegible handwriting. Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due economy of words in the conventional papers of the examination.In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used. NOTE:- Candidates will be supplied with standard tables/charts in SI units in the Examination hall for reference purpose, wherever considered necessary. Candidates are permitted to bring and use battery operated pocket calculators for conventional (essay) type papers only. Loaning or inter-changing of calculators in the Examination hall is not permitted. It is also important to note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for answering objective type paper (Test book lets). They should not, therefore, bring the same inside the Examination Hall. Candidates should use only International form of Indian numerals (e.g. 1,2,3,4,5,6 etc.) while answering question papers.

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Part II of IES Examination:Personality test is second part of IES. It carries a maximum of 200 marks of such of the candidates who qualify on the basis of the written examination. In the Personality Test special attention will be paid to assessing the candidate’s capacity for leadership, initiative and intellectual curiosity, tact and other social qualities, mental and physical energy, powers of practical application and integrity of character. Standard and Syllabi:The standard of paper in General Ability Test will be such as may be expected of a Engineering/Science Graduate. The standard of papers in other subjects will approximately be that of an Engineering Degree Examination of an Indian University. There will be no practical examination in any of the subjects.

What To Read For GS Portion:1. Read a good newspaper,journals,yojana,mainstream 2. Any competitional magazine like Aspirants Times. 3. NCERT books on various topic of GS 4. Must watch programmes on current affairs 5. NBT books on History,India year book 6. A.B.C. of science(Holy faith),Any science journal or magazine 7. Indian Administration by Maheshwari,Our legislation by Subhash Kashyap,Constitution of India by D.D. Basu 8. Indian Economy by Dutt and Sundaram or Mishra & Puri 9. Geography by khullar,Any Atlas,Any statistical year book.

Key to Success • Determination and positive attitude • Hard work and systematic study • Inner motivation • Strong willpower and faith in yourself • Focused and positive approach • Dedication, time management • Self-confidence

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SECTION - 3 : Articles G-20 Leaders’ Summit To Boost up Financial Markets and the World Economy

economy in modern times; a crisis which has deepened, which affects the lives of women, men, and children in every country, and which all countries must join together to resolve. A global crisis requires a global solution.

By : Dr. Nageshwar Nath Mishra • Prosperity is indivisible; that growth, to be sustained, has to be shared; and global plan for recovery must The G-20 Leaders’ Summit on Financial Markets and have at its heart the needs and jobs of hard-working the World Economy was held in London on 2 April 2009. families, not just in developed countries but in emergIt followed the ing markets and the poorest countries of the world too; first G-20 Leadand must reflect the interests, not just of today’s popuers Summit on lation, but of future generations too. the only sure founFinancial Mardation for sustainable globalisation and rising prosperkets and the ity for all is an open world economy based on market W o r l d principles, effective regulation, and strong global inE co no my, stitutions. which was held Courtesy: Londonsummit.gov.uk in Washington, • The agreements to treble resources available D.C. on 14–15 November 2008. Heads of government to the IMF to $750 billion, to support a new SDR [IMF or heads of state from the Group of Twenty Finance special drawing rights] allocation of $250 billion, to Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G-20), plus some support at least $100 billion of additional lending by regional and international organisations attended. Due the MDBs [Multilateral Development Banks], to ento the extended membership it has been referred to as sure $250 billion of support for trade finance, and to the London Summit. The policing tactics at the event use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales raised some controversy.G-20 leaders began gathering for concessional finance for the poorest countries, conin London on 1 April 2009. stitute an additional $1.1 trillion programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world Before leaving for the London Summit, French Presi- economy. Together with the measures have each taken dent Nicolas Sarkozy suggested that if a meaningful deal nationally, this constitutes a global plan for recovery was not agreed France would walk out of the summit on an unprecedented scale. echoing the “empty chair” gesture of then-French President Charles de Gaulle in 1965. Brown and Obama said • To establish a new Financial Stability Board (FSB) that suggestions of a rift were exaggerated. Sarkozy at- with a strengthened mandate, as a successor to the Fitended a separate press conference with Merkel in which nancial Stability Forum (FSF), including all G20 counboth repeated calls for the summit to agree on more tries, FSF members, Spain, and the European Comstringent regulation of financial markets and restated mission. The FSB should collaborate with the IMF to their firm opposition to further financial stimulus pack- provide early warning of macroeconomic and finanages. cial risks and the actions needed to address them; Summit Declaration: After end of summit a major declaration has been presented. Following points are According to declaration: • Because it is the greatest challenge to the world

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• Members were agreed to increase the resources available to the IMF through immediate financing from members of $250 billion, subsequently incorporated into an expanded and more flexible New Arrangements

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to Borrow, increased by up to $500 billion, and to consider market borrowing if necessary

Revolutionary Step: The IMF wants to use this money to offer a new kind of • Member countries are undertaking an unprecedented loan that would be preventative. Rather than waiting for and concerted fiscal expansion, which will save or cre- countries to get into financial difficulties, it would offer ate millions of jobs which would otherwise have been them a line of credit to help them defend their currendestroyed, and that will, by the end of next year, amount cies in advance. In the past, countries were reluctant to to $5 trillion, raise output by 4 per cent, and accelerate ask for such money, as the financial markets got worried the transition to a green economy. Mebers are com- that they were in trouble. But Mexico has become the mitted to deliver the scale of sustained fiscal effort first country to ask for such a facility and there now seems necessary to restore growth. to be less stigma about this approach. Much of the new IMF funds would be used in this facility, which would • Central banks have also taken exceptional action. mainly be directed to the middle income countries who Interest rates have been cut aggressively in most coun- had relatively sound economies. tries, and central banks have pledged to maintain expansionary policies for as long as needed and to use But in an even more radical step, the G20 leaders apthe full range of monetary policy instruments, includ- pear to have agreed to increase another type of IMF ing unconventional instruments, consistent with price funds, the quotas owned by individual countries, by stability. an additional $250bn. This would be done by creating • In addition to reforming international financial institutions for the new challenges of globalisation members agreed on the desirability of a new global consensus on the key values and principles that will promote sustainable economic activity. We support discussion on such a charter for sustainable economic activity with a view to further discussion at our next meeting. We take note of the work started in other fora in this regard and look forward to further discussion of this charter for sustainable economic activity. • Members reaffirm their historic commitment to meeting the Millennium Development Goals and to achieving our respective ODA [Overseas Development Agencies] pledges, including commitments on Aid for Trade, debt relief, and the Gleneagles commitments, especially to sub-Saharan Africa.

more of its own currency, the SDR or special drawing right, which is a basket of currencies including the US dollar, the yen and the euro. This would give countries essentially free money, which they could use as they wish without having to negotiate deals with the IMF, and would do much to boost confidence among poorer countries. Many of them have been critical of the harsh conditions imposed by the IMF before they are given help. In the past, such moves have always been resisted by Germany, on the grounds that creating money is inflationary. But in the current deflationary climate, they appear to have lifted their objections.

Reform Looms: The IMF is also set to have a bigger role in preventing future crises, by developing an early warning system for financial problems, and taking a larger role in look• The actions and decisions have taken will provide ing at the problems of the financial sector as a whole, $50 billion to support social protection, boost trade in conjunction with a new global regulator, the Finanand safeguard development in low income countries, cial Services Board. But the biggest changes in the IMF as part of the significant increase in crisis support for will come after 2011, when it has been agreed that there these and other developing countries and emerging will be a review of the voting structure. markets.

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That could lead to the US losing its veto power, while China and other emerging countries get a bigger voice. It has already been agreed that in future, the convention that the World Bank and IMF must be headed by an American and a European respectively will be abandoned. In return, China will be asked to lend some of its reserves to the IMF - and will continue to push for the idea that the SDR will become a real reserve currency, ultimately replacing the dollar. The changes to the resources and the role of the IMF are historic and perhaps the most important outcome of the G20 summit. But it must be borne in mind that providing more resources for the IMF can be only a short-term solution to the immediate crisis now engulfing developing countries. It is no substitute for a fiscal stimulus, as the money is loaned and must be paid back. Nor will it counter the need for additional development aid to counteract poverty. But it is a move towards a more global system of international finance.

Agenda of Summit The British Treasury, as hosts, produced an extended agenda pamphlet proposing the issues to be covered at the London Summit. 1. Coordinated macro-economic actions to revive the global economy, stimulate growth and employment – review measures taken and possible further steps 2. Reform and improve financial sector & systems – continue to deliver progress on the Washington Summit action plan 3. Reform international financial institutions – the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Financial Stability Forum (FSF) and the World Bank

Important steps to reconstruct and boost up World Economy :¤ Restore confidence, growth, and jobs; ¤ Repair the financial system to restore lending; ¤ Strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust; ¤ Fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones; ¤ Promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity; and ¤ Build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery.

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G20 Agreement FINANCIAL REGULATION • A new Financial Stability Board, with a strengthened mandate, will replace the Financial Stability Forum

• Additional resources of $6bn from agreed IMF gold sales will be made available for lending to the poorest countries • The G20 also supports increased lending to the world’s poorest countries of at least $100bn by the multilateral development banks

• Financial regulation and oversight will be extended to all financial institutions, instruments and markets

GLOBAL TRADE • There will be a commitment of $250bn of support for trade finance made over the next two years

• This includes bringing hedge funds within the global regulatory net for the first time Courtesy : londonsummit.gov.uk

• Members are committed to implementing tough new rules on pay and bonuses at a global level • International accounting standards will be set • Credit rating agencies will be regulated in order to remove their conflicts of interest • A common approach to cleaning up banks’ toxic assets has been agreed TAX HAVENS • There will be sanctions against tax havens that do not transfer information on request • The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has published a list of countries assessed by the Global Forum against the international standard for exchange of tax information IMF • Resources available to the International Monetary Fund will be trebled to $750bn • This includes a new overdraft facility, or special drawing rights allocation, of $250bn

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• This will be made available through export credit and investment agencies, as well as through multilateral develop-

ment banks • National regulators will be asked to make use of available flexibility in capital requirements for trade finance PROTECTIONISM • The G20 has pledged to resist protectionism • There will be a commitment to naming and shaming countries that breach free trade rules • The G20 will notify the World Trade Organization (WTO) of any measures that constrain worldwide capital flows • The G20 has called on the WTO to monitor and report publicly on these undertakings on a quarterly basis FISCAL STIMULUS • Although there is no new fiscal stimulus, Gordon Brown said G20 countries are already implementing “the biggest macroeconomic stimulus the world has ever seen” - an injection of $5tn by the end of next year.

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WHAT IS G-20

Members of G-20

The G-20 (more formally, the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 economies: 19 of the world's largest national economies, plus the European Union (EU). It also met twice at heads-of-government level, in November 2008 and again in April 2009. Collectively, the G-20 economies comprise 85%of global gross national product, 80% of world trade (including EU intra-trade) and twothirds of the world population.

In 2009, there are 20 members of the G-20. These include the finance ministers and central bank governors of 19 countries and The 20th member is the European Union, which is represented by the rotating Council presidency and the European Central Bank.List of 19 countries are following:

The G-20 is a forum for cooperation and consultation on matters pertaining to the international financial system. It studies, reviews, and promotes discussion among key industrial and emerging market countries of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability, and seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization.The G-20 operates without a permanent secretariat or staff.

→ Argentina

Australia Brazil → Canada → China → France → Germany → India → Indonesia → Italy → →

Japan → Mexico → Russia → Saudi Arabia → South Africa → South Korea → Turkey → United Kingdom → United States →

In addition to these 20 members, the following forums The chair rotates annually among the members and is and institutions, as represented by their respective chief selected from a different regional grouping of coun- executive officers, participate in meetings of the Gtries. The chair is part of a revolving three-member 20. management group of past, present and future chairs referred to as the Troika. The incumbent chair estab- • International Monetary Fund lishes a temporary secretariat for the duration of its • World Bank term, which coordinates the group's work and orga- • International Monetary and Financial Committee Denizes its meetings. The role of the Troika is to ensure velopment Committee of the IMF and World Bank continuity in the G-20's work and management across host years. The membership of the G-20 comprises: • The finance ministers and central bank governors of the G7, 12 other key countries, and the European Union Presidency (if not a G7 member) • The European Central Bank • The Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund • The Chairman of the IMFC

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• The President of the World Bank • The Chairman of the Development Committee

April 2009. Another G20 summit is scheduled to be held in New York City in September 2009.

Background of G-20: The G-20, which superseded the G33, which had itself superseded the G22, was foreshadowed at the Cologne Summit of the G7 in June 1999, but was formally established at the G7 Finance Ministers' meeting on September 26, 1999. The inaugural meeting took place on December 15-16, 1999 in Berlin. In 2008 Spain and The Netherlands were included by French invitation for the G-20 Leaders Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy and then were admitted as members de facto by the UK.

G-20 Vs G20 Developing Nations: The G-20 (more formally, the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors) is a group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 large economies while the G20 (Group of 20, also variously G21, G22 and G20+) is a bloc of developing nations established on 20 August 2003. The group emerged at the 5th Ministerial WTO conference, held in Cancun, Mexico from 10 September to 14 September 2003. The G-20 accounts for 60% of the world's population, 70% of its farmers and 26% of world’s agricultural exports.

G20 Leaders Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy was held in Washington on November 2009.In 2006 the theme of the G-20 meeting was “Building and Sustaining Prosperity”. The issues discussed included domestic reforms to achieve “sustained growth”, global energy and resource commodity markets, ‘reform’ of the World Bank and IMF, and the impact of demographic changes due to an aging population. Trevor A. Manuel, MP, Minister of Finance, Republic of South Africa, was the chairperson of the G-20 when South Africa hosted the Secretariat in 2007. Guido Mantega, Minister of Finance, Brazil, was the chairperson of the G-20 in 2008; Brazil proposed dialogue on competition in financial markets, clean energy and economic development and fiscal elements of growth and development. In a statement following a meeting of G7 finance ministers on October 11, 2008, U.S. President George W. Bush stated that the next meeting of the G-20 would be important in finding solutions to the (then called) economic crisis of 2008.

Its origins date back to June 2003, when foreign ministers from Brazil, India and South Africa signed a declaration known as the Brasilia Declaration in which they stated that “major trading partners are still moved by protectionist concerns in their countries’ less competitive sectors and emphasized how important it is that the results of the current round of trade negotiations provide especially for the reversal of protectionist policies and trade-distorting practices. Furthermore, Brazil, India and South Africa decided to articulate their initiatives of trade liberalization”.

Nonetheless, the “official” appearance of the G-20 occurred as a response to a text released on 13 August 2003 by the European Communities (EC) and the United States with a common proposal on agriculture for the Cancun Ministerial. On 20 August 2003 a document signed by twenty countries and re-issued as a Cancun Ministerial document on 4 September proposed an alternative framework to that of the EC and the United States on agriculture for the Cancún Meeting. This document marked the establishment of the An initiative by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and G-20. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown led to a special The original group of signatories of the 20 August 2003 meeting of the G-20, a G-20 Leaders Summit on Fi- document went through many changes, being known nancial Markets and the World Economy, on Novem- as such different names as the G-21 or the G-22. The ber 15, 2008. G20 leaders met again in London on 2 title G-20 was finally chosen, in honor of the date of

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the group's establishment. Since its creation, the group has had a fluctuating membership. Previous members have included: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Peru, and Turkey. As of October 2008, the group had 23 members. The core leadership of the G-20, known as the G4 bloc, consists of Brazil, China, India and South Africa. *The Author is Professor And Head of the Department For History

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SECTION - 4 : Articles NORTH KOREA MISSILE THREAT

for testing the regime's long-range missile technology - one step toward eventually mounting a nuclear weapon on a missile capable of reaching Alaska and beyond. They contend the launch violates a 2006 resoSIGN OF FAILING TO ACCOMPLISH AN lution barring the regime from ballistic missile activINTENDED RESULT OF SIX PARTY TALK ity. According to America ,the launch a clear violation of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1718, adopted five North Korea carried out a provocative rocket launch days after North Korea carried out a nuclear weapons Unha-2 on April 5,2009, but the rocket is better known test in 2006. Earlier this North Korea shocked Japan to the outside world as the Taepodong-2, a long-range in 1998 when it launched a missile over Japan's main missile that can be mounted with a satellite or nuclear island. Japan has since spent billions of dollars on dearmament.U.S., Japan and other nations suspect was a veloping a missile shield with the United States and cover for a test of its long-range missile has launched a series of spy satellites primarily to watch technology.Liftoff took place from the coastal developments in North Korea. Musudan-ri launch pad in northeastern North Korea. The multistage rocket hurtled toward the Pacific, reach- MOVE OF JAPAN AND US AGAINST NORTH ing Japanese airspace within seven minutes, but no KOREA : debris appeared to hit its territory. Japan and the US have submitted to the UN The U.N. Security Council approved an emergency session for in New York, following a request from Japan that came minutes after the launch. The South Koreans called it ``reckless,'' the Americans ``provocative,'' and Japan said it strongly protested the launch.According to Japan The first stage of the rocket dropped about 175 miles (280 kilometers) off the western coast of Akita into the waters between Japan and the Korean peninsula. The second stage was to land in the Pacific at a spot about 790 miles (1,270 kilometers) off Japan's northeastern coast. The launch was a bold act of defiance against President Barack Obama, Japanese leader Taro Aso, Hu Jintao of China and others who pressed Pyongyang in the days leading up to liftoff to call off a launch which would threaten peace and stability in Northeast Asia. South Korea's said the launch poses a ``serious threat'' to stability on the Korean peninsula and that it would respond to the provocation ``sternly and resolutely.'' North Korea claims its aim is to send an experimental communications satellite into orbit in a peaceful bid to develop its space program. While the U.S., South Korea, Japan and others suspect the launch is a guise

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the names of North Korean companies they believe to be associated with the country's weapons programme. The list of companies has been sent to the UN's Security Council's sanctions committee for consideration. The move to enforce sanctions against North Korea follows the country's long-range rocket launch on 5 April. According todiplomats China, which has a lot of trade with North Korea, will want to study the list before agreeing to it. The Council has started the process of tightening the existing sanctions against North Korea. These sanctions were agreed in 2006 after North Korea tested a nuclear device, but they were never applied. North Korean companies suspected of being involved in the government's weapons programme can have their financial assets, like bank accounts, seized if they are held abroad. North Korea reacted aggressively to the Council's condemnation of its launch and said it would throw out inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and restart its nuclear programme. NORTH KOREA’s MISSILE PROGRAMME: North Korea is believed to have more than 800 ballis-

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tic missiles, including long-range missiles which could one day strike the US.. North Korea first obtained tactical missiles from the Soviet Union as early as 1969, but its first Scuds reportedly came via Egypt in 1976. Egypt is believed to have supplied North Korea with Scud-B missiles and designs in return for its support against Israel in the Yom Kippur War. By 1984, North Korea was building its own Scud-Bs and developed two new versions, the Scud-C and Scud-D. It has since developed a medium-range missile, the Nodong, and a long-range missile based on Scud technology, the Taepodong. In July 2006 it test-fired a modification to the Taepodong, called the Taepodong-2, which experts say could have a range of up to 6,000km (3,500 miles). The missile failed shortly after launch.

two-stage missile comprising Nodong and Scud parts and can reach a distance of 2,200km, but it is said to be even less accurate than the Nodong. North Korea tested a Taepodong-1 in August 1998, firing a missile over northern Japan. It brings US bases on Okinawa within North Korea's reach. But the missile must be fired from a fixed location and has a long preparation time, meaning that potential launches could be detected. A land-based missile, the Taepodong-X, is also said to be under development but has not yet been tested. Based on a Soviet submarine-launched ballistic missile, it is thought to have a range of up to 4,000 km, reaching US bases on Guam. Unlike the Taepodong-1, it could be fired from mobile launch systems hidden from view.

SHORT-RANGE MISSILES: North Korea has a variety of short-range missiles. The KN-02 is thought to be the most accurate, but its range - around 100 km - is the shortest. The Scud-B and C have ranges of 300 and 500 km respectively, while the Scud-D is believed to have a range of 700 km. It is thought that these missiles could deliver conventional warheads. The ScudB, C and D have all been tested and deployed. These missiles would enable North Korea to strike any area in South Korea. The KN-02 missile, currently in the testing stage, could be aimed at key targets in South Korea such as military installations south of the border.

TAEPODONG-2 MISSILE : The Taepodong-2 longrange missile is estimated to have a range of between 5,000 and 6,000 km, putting Alaska, Hawaii and parts of the west coast of the US within range. But the first launch of the missile, in July 2006, appeared to be a failure after it crashed within seconds of launch - according to US sources. If the missile was successfully launched, it is not thought to be particularly accurate or to be able to carry a large warhead. Like the Taepodong-1, it requires a fixed launch site. The Taepodong-2 test took place from the Musudan-ri complex on the East coast of the Korean peninsula. Analysis of satellite images of the area appear to show a range of missile fabrication, fuelling, testing and control facilities.

NODONG MISSILE : The Nodong missile is thought to have a range of around 1,000 km and could potentially carry a nuclear warhead. But it is not accurate. A March 2006 report by the US Center for Non-proliferation Studies said it had a circular error probable of 2-4 km, meaning that half of the missiles fired would fall outside a circle of that radius. The Nodong could strike most of Japan but not with any accuracy. If it were fired on a military target, its inaccuracy could lead to high levels of civilian casualties. The missile was test fired in May 1993.

NORTH KOREAN BACKGROUND : For decades North Korea has been one of the world's most secretive societies. It is one of the few countries still under communist rule. North Korea's nuclear ambitions have exacerbated its rigidly maintained isolation from the rest of the world. The country emerged in 1948 amid the chaos following the end of World War II. Its history is dominated by its Great Leader, Kim Il-sung, who shaped political affairs for almost half a century. After the Korean War, Kim Il-sung introduced the perTAEPODONG-1 MISSILE : The Taepodong-1 is a sonal philosophy of Juche, or self-reliance, which be-

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came a guiding light for North Korea's development. Kim Il-sung's son, Kim Jong-il, is now head of state, but the post of president has been assigned "eternally" to his late father. Decades of this rigid state-controlled system have led to stagnation and a leadership dependent on the cult of personality. Aid agencies have estimated that up to two million people have died since the mid-1990s because of acute food shortages caused by natural disasters and economic mismanagement. The country relies on foreign aid to feed millions of its people. The totalitarian state also stands accused of systematic human rights abuses. Reports of torture, public executions, slave labour, and forced abortions and infanticides in prison camps have emerged. A US-based rights group has estimated that there are up to 200,000 political prisoners in North Korea. Pyongyang has accused successive South Korean governments of being US "puppets", but South Korean President Kim Dae-jung's visit in 2000 signalled a thaw in relations. Seoul's "sunshine policy" towards the north aimed to encourage change through dialogue and aid. But this tentative reaching-out to the world was dealt a blow in 2002 by Pyongyang's decision to reactivate a nuclear reactor and to expel international inspectors. In October 2006 North Korea said it had successfully tested a nuclear weapon, spreading alarm around the region. Since then, intensive diplomatic efforts have aimed to rein in North Korea's nuclear ambitions. After years of on-and-off talks, a deal was thrashed out in February 2007 under which Pyongyang agreed to shut down its main nuclear reactor in return for fuel and aid. North Korea admitted International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors, who verified the shutdown of the Yongbyon reactor in July,2007. However, the denuclearisation process stalled yet again when Pyongyang failed to meet an end-of-year deadline to make a full declaration of its nuclear programmes. It eventually handed over a list of the country's nuclear assets in June 2008, and in October agreed to give international inspectors full access to its nuclear sites. The US responded by dropping North Korea from its list of states sponsoring terrorism. However, in December 2008 Pyongyang said it would slow down work to dismantle its nuclear programme in response to a US decision to suspend some aid. The process hit a new snag in 2009, when North Korea walked out of international talks aimed at ending its nuclear activities, in protest at UN criticism of a rocket launch by Pyongyang. North Korea maintains one of the world's largest standing armies and militarism pervades everyday life. But standards of training, discipline and equipment in the force are said to be low. In 2002 US President George W Bush named the country as part of an "axis of evil".

FACTS Full name: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea Population: 23.9 million (UN, 2008) Capital: Pyongyang Area: 122,762 sq km (47,399 sq miles) Major language: Korean Major religions: Mainly atheist or non-religious, traditional beliefs Life expectancy: 65 years (men), 69 years (women) (UN) Monetary unit: 1 won = 100 chon Main exports: Minerals and metals, cement, agricultural products Eternal president: Kim Il-sung (deceased) Chairman, National Defence Commission: Kim Jong-il

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NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT North Korea's missile development, which began in the early 1960s, benefited greatly from Soviet and Chinese assistance.In 2005 the United States Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) suggested that North Korea could attach a nuclear warhead to an Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) capable of reaching the U.S. DIA testified that North Korea's ICBM under development, Taepodong-2, with a "guesstimated range of 5000 km" could deliver a "nuclear warhead to parts of the United States in a two-stage variant and target all of North America with a three-stage variant". At the same the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) testified that the North Korean missile was capable of reaching the U.S. with a "nuclear-weapon-sized payload". This assessment came at a time when North Korea had not tested a nuclear device, a necessary step for developing a reliable warhead system that can be delivered with long-range ballistic missiles. However, in March 2005 Pyongyang claimed that it had become "a fullfledged nuclear-weapon state". Notwithstanding the DIA's statement, the U.S., according to National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley, had no clear evidence whether Pyongyang had a missile-capable warhead or not. These perception was based on an August 2003 CIA report, which said that North Korea had "validated" designs for "simple fission" nuclear weapons without conducting explosive tests. The U.S. Department of Defence defines "a simple fission weapon" as one that "could be delivered by aircraft or tactical missile" and not an ICBM. "In the near term", a 1999 DIA report said, North Korea would not be able to develop a nuclear warhead lighter than 650-700 kg but it added that Taepodong-2 could deliver a 650 kg warhead to Alaska, Hawaii and the Pacific Northwest. Only with a much lighter warhead most of the U. S. would come under an ICBM threat. A 1999 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE), too, said that Taepodong-2 could deliver a "several hundred kg" payload. According to analysts, 650 kg is about the maximum payload weight that Taepodong-2 can deliver to parts of the U.S.

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Taepodong-2, which is also known as Paektusan-2, is yet to be flight-tested. The latest round of North Korea's seven missile tests on July 5, breaking the moratorium it had committed itself to with the U.S. in 1999 and with Japan in 2002, included Taepodong-2. But it failed 40 seconds after lift-off at Masudan-ri in North Hamyong province and crashed into the sea 1.5 km away. So, even if the nuclear test was a successful one with a compact missile-capable warhead, Pyongyang is yet to have an operational ICBM capability. U.S. intelligence believes this is only a matter of time. North Korea's missile development history perhaps makes it the most advanced among the later breed of missilecapable nations. Some analysts feel that North Korea could have such an operational system by 2015. North Korea already has an array of short- and intermediaterange missile systems that can deliver conventional, chemical and perhaps biological weapons. It has deployed 600 to 800 short-range (300-700 km) Hwasong (Scud) missile variants, 150 to 200 medium-range (1,000-1,300 km) Nodong missiles and maybe 10 intermediate range (2,000-2,200 km) Taepodong-1 missiles. The longer-range Taepodong-2 is perhaps ready for deployment (infographic on page 10). SOVIET AND CHINA HELPED NORTH KOREA: North Korea's missile development would seem to have benefited greatly from Soviet and Chinese assistance. It began the development of rockets and missiles in the early 1960s, with cooperation from the Soviet Union, which supplied surface-to-ship missiles and FROG-5/7 rockets. It is generally believed that the Soviets initially declined North Korea's requests for ballistic missiles in the mid-1960s, following which North Korea turned to China for ballistic missile development. By 1970, it had begun to acquire surfaceto-ship missiles, surface-to-air missiles and technical assistance from China. In September 1971, North Korea and China signed an agreement for missile development. However, the cooperation got under way sometime in 1977 when North Korean engineers par-

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ticipated in the joint development of DF-61, a 600-km mobile ballistic missile. After this initial training, this cooperation seems to have ended. Despite the earlier refusal, North Korea succeeded in acquiring a few Soviet Scud missiles in the early 1970s. It also received a few Scud-B (R-17) short-range (300 km) missiles from Egypt between 1976 and 1981. North Korea's reverse engineering of Scuds seems to have begun then and an indigenous version of Scud-B (Hwasong5) was developed and flight-tested in 1984. In 1985, Iran stepped in under a bilateral agreement to provide financial assistance for missile development in return for an offer of North Korean missiles. Experts believe that Iran's use of Scud-B during the Iran-Iraq war provided Pyongyang with flight data, thus obviating extensive testing on its own territory. Serial production of Hwasong-5 seems to have started around 1987. According to unconfirmed reports, between 1985 and 1988 the Soviet Union also delivered over 200 Scud missiles. North Korea soon undertook the development of the indigenous version of Scud-C with a longer range of 500 km, called Hwasong-6. Around 1987-1989, when serial production of Hwason-6 had started, the development of Nodong got under way. Flight tests were conducted successfully in May 1993. MAJOR EVENTS 1945 - After World War II, Japanese occupation of Korea ends with Soviet troops occupying the north, and US troops the south. 1946 - North Korea's Communist Party (Korean Workers' Party - KWP) inaugurated. Soviet-backed leadership installed, including Red Army-trained Kim Il-sung. 1948 - Democratic People's Republic of Korea proclaimed. Soviet troops withdraw. 1950 - South declares independence, sparking North Korean invasion. 1953 - Armistice ends Korean War, which has cost two million lives. 1992 - North Korea agreed to allow inspections by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), but over next two years refuses access to sites of suspected nuclear weapons production. 1994 - Death of Kim Il-sung. Kim Jong-il suceeded him as leader, but doesn't take presidential title. North Korea agreed to freeze nuclear programme in return for $5bn worth of free fuel and two nuclear reactors. 1995 - US formally agreed to help provide two modern nuclear reactors designed to produce less weapons-grade plutonium. Conti..

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Conti..

Six-nation talks 2002 October-December - Nuclear tensions mount. In October the US said North Korea has admitted to having a secret weapons programme. The US decided to halt oil shipments to Pyongyang. In December North Korea began to reactivate its Yongbyon reactor. International inspectors had thrown out. 2003 August - Six-nation talks in Beijing on North Korea's nuclear programme failed to bridge gap between Washington and Pyongyang. October - Pyongyang saed it has reprocessed 8,000 nuclear fuel rods, obtaining enough material to make up to six nuclear bombs. 2004 April - More than 160 killed and hundreds more injured when train carrying oil and chemicals hits power line in town of Ryongchon. June - Third round of six-nation talks on nuclear programme ends inconclusively. North Korea pulls out of scheduled September round. 2005 February - Pyongyang said it has built nuclear weapons for self-defence. 2006 July - North Korea test-fired a long-range missile, and some medium-range ones, to an international outcry. Despite reportedly having the capability to hit the US, the long-range Taepodong-2 crashes shortly after take-off, US officials say. October - North Korea claimed to test a nuclear weapon for the first time. 2007 February - Six-nation talks on nuclear programme resumed in Beijing. In a last-minute deal, North Korea agreed to close its main nuclear reactor in exchange for fuel aid. May - Passenger trains crossed the North-South border for the first time in 56 years. June - International inspectors visited the Yongbyon nuclear complex for the first time since being expelled from the country in 2002. July International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors verify shutdown of the Yongbyon reactor. August North Korea appealed for aid after devastating floods. 2008 June - North Korea maid its long-awaited declaration of nuclear assets Oct - The US removed North Korea from its list of countries which sponsor terrorism Dec - Pyongyang slowed work to dismantle its nuclear programme after a US decision to suspend energy aid 2009 Jan - The North said it is scrapping all military and political deals with the South, accusing it of "hostile intent".5 April - Pyongyang launches a rocket carrying what it says is a communications satellite.14 April - After criticism of the launch from the UN Security Council, North Korea vowed to walk out of six-party talks.

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SECTION - 5 : Hindi Article

By: Sachchidanand

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SECTION - 6 : Hot-Topics to investigate rumours that people had been falling ill near intensive pig farms.

Swine Flu Attack Of New Virus H1N1 Courtesy : Trendsupdates.com

New cases of the deadly swine flu virus have been confirmed in April 2009 as far afield as New Zealand and Israel, as the UN warned it can not be contained.The US, Canada, Spain and Britain confirmed cases earlier but no deaths have been reported outside Mexico, where the virus was first reported. Mexico has raised the number of probable deaths to 152, with 1,614 suspected sufferers under observation. UN inspectors examined reports pig farms may have spread the virus. The UN's health agency, the World Health Organization (WHO), confirmed that the flu had been transmitted between humans. Countries with suspected cases: Brazil, Guatemala, Peru, Australia, and South Korea, and seven EU states is being transmitted from human to human. WHO PANDEMIC ALERT The EU said patients were also under observation in Denmark, Sweden, Greece, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy and Ireland. Tests carried out on people in Brazil, Guatemala, Peru, Australia and South Korea. A number of countries in Asia, Latin America and Europe have begun screening airport passengers for symptoms, while Germany's biggest tour operator has suspended trips to Mexico. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) have send a team to Mexico

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The WHO raised its pandemic alert status to level four two levels from a full pandemic - after concluding there had been sustained transmission between humans. Levels five and six reserved for when there is widespread human infection. WHO said there were a number of cases in New York "which appear to be human-to-human transmission".The UN body have encouraged countries to begin intensive surveillance of possible infection and send as much information as possible to the WHO. In Mexico, swine flu has been confirmed in 20 of the 152 known deaths. In almost all cases outside Mexico, people have been only mildly ill and have made a full recovery. Flu eins on their surface called antigens. If the immune system has met a particular strain of the virus before, it is likely to have some immunity; but if the antigens are new to the immune system, it will be weakened. The influenza A virus can mutate in two different ways; antigenic drift, in which existing antigens are subtly altered, and antigenic shift, in which two or more strains combine. Antigenic drift causes slight flu mutations year on year, from which humans have partial, but not complete, immunity. By contrast, the new strain of H1N1 appears to have originated via antigenic shift in Mexican pigs The name "swine flu" is a slight misnomer as it is believed pigs acted as a mixing pot for several flu strains, containing genetic material from pigs, birds and humans. Most humans have never been exposed to some of the antigens involved in the new strain of flu, giving it the potential to cause a pandemic. The new virus has made the jump from pigs to humans and has demonstrated it can also pass from human to human. This is why it is demanding so much attention from health authorities. The virus passes from human to human like other types of flu, either through coughing, sneezing, or by touching infected surfaces, although little is

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known about how the virus acts on humans. The new virus has made the jump from pigs to humans and has demonstrated it can also pass from human to human. This is why it is demanding so much attention from health authorities. The virus passes from human to human like other types of flu, either through coughing, sneezing, or by touching infected surfaces, although little is known about how the virus acts on humans. The name "swine flu" is a slight misnomer as it is believed pigs acted as a mixing pot for several flu strains, containing genetic material from pigs, birds and humans. Most humans have never been exposed to some of the antigens involved in the new strain of flu, giving it the potential to cause a pandemic. The new virus has made the jump from pigs to humans and has demonstrated it can also pass from human to human. This is why it is demanding so much attention from health authorities. The virus passes from human to human like other types of flu, either through coughing, sneezing, or by touching infected surfaces, although little is known about how the virus acts on humans.

that the new version of H1N1 resulted from a mixing of different versions of the virus, which may usually affect different species, in the same animal host. Pigs provide an excellent 'melting pot' for these viruses to mix and match with each other. Symptoms of swine flu in humans appear to be similar to those produced by standard, seasonal flu. These include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, chills and fatigue. Most cases so far reported around the world appear to be mild, but in Mexico lives have been lost. When any new strain of flu emerges that acquires the ability to pass from person to person, it is monitored very closely in case it has the potential to spark a global epidemic, or pandemic. The World Health Organization has warned that taken together the Mexican and US cases could potentially trigger a global pandemic, and stress that the situation is serious. However it is still too early to accurately assess the situation fully.

Nobody knows the full potential impact of a pandemic, but experts have warned that it could cost millions of lives worldwide. The Spanish flu pandemic, which began in 1918, and was also caused by an H1N1 strain, killed millions of people. The fact that all the cases in the US and elsewhere have so far produced mild symptoms is encouraging. It suggests that the severity of the Mexican outbreak may be due to an unusual geoWHAT IS SWINE FLU Swine flu is a respiratory disease, caused by influenza graphically-specific factor - possibly a second unretype A which infects pigs. There are many types, and lated virus circulating in the community - which would the infection is constantly changing. Until now it has be unlikely to come into play in the rest of the world. not normally infected humans, but the latest form Alternatively, people infected in Mexico may have clearly does, and can be spread from person to person sought treatment at a much later stage than those in - probably through coughing and sneezing. The World other countries. Health Organization has confirmed that at least some of the human cases are a never-before-seen version of It may also be the case that the form of the virus circuthe H1N1 strain of influenza type A. H1N1 is the same lating in Mexico is subtly different to that elsewhere strain which causes seasonal outbreaks of flu in hu- although that will only be confirmed by laboratory mans on a regular basis. But this latest version of H1N1 analysis. There is also hope that, as humans are often is different: it contains genetic material that is typi- exposed to forms of H1N1 through seasonal flu, our cally found in strains of the virus that affect humans, immune systems may have something of a head start birds and swine. Flu viruses have the ability to swap in fighting infection. However, the fact that many of genetic components with each other, and it seems likely

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the victims are young does point to something unusual. Normal, seasonal flu tends to affect the elderly disproportionately. The virus appears already to have started to spread around the world, and most experts believe that containment of the virus in the era of readily available air travel will be extremely difficult.

fected - should seek medical advice. But patients are being asked not to go into GP surgeries in order to minimise the risk of spreading the disease to others. Instead, they should stay at home and call their healthcare provider for advice. After the WHO raised its alert level over swine flu, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office began advising against all but essential travel to Mexico.

According to World Health Organization that restricting flights will have little effect. It argues that screening of passengers is also unlikely to have much impact, as symptoms may not be apparent in many infected people.

Avoid close contact with people who appear unwell and who have fever and cough. General infection control practices and good hygiene can help to reduce transmission of all viruses, including the human swine influenza. This includes covering your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, using a tissue when posHOW IT CAN BE HANDLED Two drugs commonly used to treat flu, Tamiflu and sible and disposing of it promptly. Relenza, seem to be effective at treating cases that have occurred there so far. However, the drugs must be ad- It is also important to wash your hands frequently with ministered at an early stage to be effective. Use of these soap and water to reduce the spread of the virus from drugs may also make it less likely that infected people your hands to face or to other people and cleaning hard will pass the virus on to others. It is unclear how effec- surfaces like door handles frequently using a normal tive currently available flu vaccines would be at offer- cleaning product. If caring for someone with a flu-like ing protection against the new strain, as it is geneti- illness, a mask can be worn to cover the nose and mouth to reduce the risk of transmission. cally distinct from other flu strains. US scientists are already developing a bespoke new vaccine, but it may take months to perfect it, and manufacture enough supplies to meet what could be huge demand. A vaccine was used to protect humans from a version of swine flu in the US in 1976.However, it caused serious side effects, including an estimated 500 cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome. There were more deaths from the vaccine than the outbreak.

The UK is looking at increasing its stockpile of masks for healthcare workers for this reason. But experts say there is no scientific evidence to support more general wearing of masks to guard against infections. Although there is no evidence that swine flu can be transmitted through eating meat from infected animals. However, it is essential to cook meat properly. A temperature of 70C (158F) would be sure to kill the virus.

PRECAUTIONS Anyone with flu-like symptoms who might have been in contact with the swine virus - such as those living or travelling in the areas of Mexico that have been af-

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WHAT IS BIRD FLU The strain of bird flu which has caused scores of human deaths in South East Asia in recent years is a different strain to that responsible for the current outbreak of swine flu. The latest form of swine flu is a new type of the H1N1 strain, while bird, or avian flu, is H5N1. Experts fear H5N1 hold the potential to trigger a pandemic because of its ability to mutate rapidly. However, up until now it has remained very much a disease of birds. Those humans who have been infected have, without exception, worked closely with birds, and cases of human-to-human transmission are extremely rare - there is no suggestion that H5N1 has gained the ability to pass easily from person to person.

FLU PANDEMICS In 1918 The Spanish flu pandemic remains the most devastating outbreak of modern times. Caused by a form of the H1N1 strain of flu, it is estimated that up to 40% of the world's population were infected, and more than 50 million people died, with young adults particularly badly affected In 1957 Asian flu killed two million people. Caused by a human form of the virus, H2N2, combining with a mutated strain found in wild ducks. The impact of the pandemic was minimised by rapid action by health authorities, who identified the virus, and made vaccine available speedily. The elderly were particularly vulnerable In 1968 An outbreak first detected in Hong Kong, and caused by a strain known as H3N2, killed up to one million people globally, with those over 65 most likely to die.

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In its fifteenth mission carried out from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR (SDSC SHAR), Sriharikota on April 20, 2009 ISRO’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLVC12) successfully placed Courtesy : ISRO.ORG two satellites - RISAT-2 and ANUSAT - in the desired orbit. RISAT-2 is a Radar Imaging Satellite with the capability to take images of the earth during day and night as well as cloudy conditions. At the time of launch, RISAT-2 weighed about 300 kg and was realised by ISRO in association with Israel Aerospace Industries. The satellite was placed in an orbit of 550 km height with an inclination of 41 deg to the equator and an orbital period of about 90 minutes. This satellite will enhance ISRO’s capability for earth observation, especially during floods, cyclones, landslides and in disaster management in a more effective way. The 44 metre tall PSLV-C12 weighing 230 ton was launched from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) at SDSC SHAR in the Core Alone configuration without the use of six solid strap-ons. In this mission, in addition to RISAT-2, PSLV also carried A 40 kg micro satellite named ANUSAT, built by Anna University, Chennai. ANUSAT is the first experimental communication satellite built by an Indian University under the over all guidance of ISRO and will demonstrate the technologies related to message store and forward operations. In this flight, PSLV carried the indigenously developed Advanced Mission Computers and Advanced Telemetry System, which guided the vehicle from lift-off till

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the injection of the two satellites in the desired orbit. The main payload, RISAT2, was the first satellite to be separated in orbit at 1100 seconds after lift-off at an altitude of 550 km. With this successful launch, the versatility and the reliability of PSLV has been proved Courtesy : ISRO.ORG again underscoring its importance as the workhorse launch vehicle of India. This launch was the fourteenth consecutive success for PSLV. In these launches, PSLV has placed a total of sixteen Indian satellites and sixteen foreign satellites into Polar, Geosynchronous Transfer and Low Earth Orbits. It may be recalled that during its previous mission on October 22, 2008, PSLV had successfully launched Chandrayaan1 spacecraft, which is now exploring the moon from lunar orbit. FEATURES OF PSLV, RISAT-2 AND ANUSAT PSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle employing both solid and liquid propulsion stages. PSLV is the trusted workhorse launch Vehicle of ISRO. During 1993-2008 period, PSLV had fourteen launches of which thirteen were consecutively successful. PSLV has repeatedly proved its reliability and versatility by launching 32 spacecrafts (16Indian and 16 for international customers) into a variety of orbits so far. It may be recalled that during its previous mission on October 22, 2008, PSLV had successfully launched Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, which is now exploring the Moon from lunar orbit.

based solid propellant. PSLV’s first stage is one of the largest solid propellant boosters in the world. Its second and fourth stages use liquid propellants. PSLVC12 was launched without the six strapons in its ‘core alone’ configuration. PSLV-C12 weighs about 230 tonnes at lift off. It may be recalled that PSLV in its core alone configuration had launched AGILE and TECSAR during 2007 and 2008 respectively. RISAT-2 is a Radar Imaging Satellite with all weather capability to take images of the earth. This Satellite will enhance ISRO’s capability for Disaster Management applications,ANUSAT (Anna University Satellite) is the first satellite built by an Indian University under the over all guidance of ISRO and will demonstrate the technologies related to message store and forward operations“ HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer and Kerim Kerimov as his assistant. This in turn triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States.

Sputnik 1 helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers through measurement of its orbital change and provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere. Because the satellite's body was filled with pressurized nitrogen, Sputnik 1 also provided the first opportunity for meteoroid detection, as a loss of internal pressure due to meteoroid penetration of the outer surface would have been evident in the temperature data sent back to Earth. The unanticipated announcement of Sputnik 1's success precipitated the In its standard configuration, the 44 m tall PSLV has a Sputnik crisis in the United States and ignited the solift-off mass of 295 tonne. It is a four-stage launch ve- called Space Race within the Cold War.Sputnik 2 was hicle with the first and the third stages as well as the launched on November 3, 1957 and carried the first six strap-ons surrounding the first stage using HTPB

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living passenger into orbit, a dog named Laika. In May, 1946, Project RAND had released the Preliminary Design of a Experimental World-Circling Spaceship, which stated, "A satellite vehicle with appropriate instrumentation can be expected to be one of the most potent scientific tools of the Twentieth Century. The United States had been considering launching orbital satellites since 1945 under the Bureau of Aeronautics of the United States Navy. The United States Air Force's Project RAND eventually released the above report, but did not believe that the satellite was a potential military weapon; rather, they considered it to be a tool for science, politics, and propaganda. In 1954, the Secretary of Defense stated, "I know of no American satellite program." On July 29, 1955, the White House announced that the U.S. intended to launch satellites by the spring of 1958. This became known as Project Vanguard. On July 31, the Soviets announced that they intended to launch a satellite by the fall of 1957.

satellites, other space assets. They may have particle weapons, energy weapons, kinetic weapons, nuclear and/or conventional missiles and/or a combination of these weapons. Astronomical satellites are satellites used for observation of distant planets, galaxies, and other outer space objects. Biosatellites are satellites designed to carry living organisms, generally for scientific experimentation. Communications satellites are satellites stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites typically use geosynchronous orbits, Molniya orbits or Low Earth orbits. Miniaturized satellites are satellites of unusually low weights and small sizes. New classifications are used to categorize these satellites: minisatellite (500– 200 kg), microsatellite (below 200 kg), nanosatellite (below 10 kg).

Navigational satellites are satellites which use radio time signals transmitted to enable mobile receivers on the ground to determine their exact location. The relaFollowing pressure by the American Rocket Society, tively clear line of sight between the satellites and rethe National Science Foundation, and the International ceivers on the ground, combined with ever-improving Geophysical Year, military interest picked up and in electronics, allows satellite navigation systems to meaearly 1955 the Air Force and Navy were working on sure location to accuracies on the order of a few meters Project Orbiter, which involved using a Jupiter C rocket in real time. to launch a satellite. Reconnaissance satellites are Earth observation satelThe project succeeded, and Explorer 1 became the lite or communications satellite deployed for military United States' first satellite on January 31, 1958. In or intelligence applications. Little is known about the June 1961, three-and-a-half years after the launch of full power of these satellites, as governments who opSputnik 1, the Air Force used resources of the United erate them usually keep information pertaining to their States Space Surveillance Network to catalog 115 reconnaissance satellites classified. Earth-orbiting satellites. The largest artificial satellite currently orbiting the Earth is the International Space Earth observation satellites are satellites intended for Station. non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc. TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE Space stations are man-made structures that are deAnti-Satellite weapons/"Killer Satellites" are satellites signed for human beings to live on in outer space. A that are armed, designed to take out enemy warheads, space station is distinguished from other manned space-

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craft by its lack of major propulsion or landing facilities — instead, other vehicles are used as transport to and from the station. Space stations are designed for medium-term living in orbit, for periods of weeks, months, or even years. Tether satellites are satellites which are connected to another satellite by a thin cable called a tether. Weather satellites are primarily used to monitor Earth's weather and climate.

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SECTION - 7 : Current Relevant Facts

Current Affairs

for six years.

• Jatiya Party leader and former President Gen H M Ershad was cleared of 1982 'powergrab' charges on • The leader of South Africa's African National March 30,2009. He was sued for usurping state power, Congress, Jacob Zuma, has been officially elected on suspension of the constitution and declaration of mar6 May 2009 the tial law in Bangladesh on Mar 24, 1982. Inu, now an country's president by MP as part of the same AL-led electoral alliance as members of parliament. Ershad's Jatiya Party, sued the former general for his The ANC won the gen- takeover of state power. The CID final report was suberal election in South mitted to a Dhaka Metropolitan magistrate's court on Africa. Jacob Zuma was Jan 30. Inu was asked to appear in the court to respond fired as vice-president to the police report but did not. The court accepted the after being implicated in report and cleared Ershad. a graft scandal. T he charges were dropped • Supreme National Security Council Secretary of the just before last month's Islamic Republic of Iran, Dr Saeed Jalili, visited India Courtesy : Wikipedia.Org election - amid evidence on 28th March 2009. This visit was in keeping with of government med- the tradition of high level exchanges between the two dling in pursuing the case. In February 2006, the con- countries. The two sides conducted a strategic review troversial polygamist was acquitted of rape in a sepa- of India Iran relations and prospects for their further rate case, though he was widely criticised for his com- expansion. Their wide ranging discussions also covments about sex and HIV/Aids. ered regional and international issues including terrorism, the situation in Afghanistan and energy security. • A group of Nepalese political parties has agreed to form a "national government" a day after Maoist Prime • The name of the sleek aircraft inducted by the IAF Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal resigned on 5 May 2009. for flying VVIPs is Rajdoot. It was rolled out from the After a meeting in Kathmandu, members of the Com- tarmac of the Palam airport on April 1,2009. The airmunist UML party agreed to head the government. Mr craft with the first citizen of the country onboard took Dahal, best known as Prachanda, resigned after the its maiden flight to Assam without a glitch and the president opposed his decision to sack the army chief. exclusive passengers enjoyed its style and comfort. The Maoists boycotted the all-party meeting. • Former Cabinet Secretary Naresh Chandra was ap• Iranian-American journalist Roxana Saberi was con- pointed chairman of the advisory board of Price victed of spying and sentenced to 8 years in prison on Waterhouse India on April 22,2009. Price Waterhouse April 18,2009. 31-year-old dual American-Iranian citi- India (PW) recently set up an advisory board, which zen was arrested in January 2009 and initially accused was expected to help the audit company reflect on the of working without press credentials. A freelance jour- voice of external stakeholders in its strategic decision nalist Roxana Saberi was reporting for National Pub- making. lic Radio and other media. She had been living in Iran Former Comptroller and Auditor General of India V K Shunglu and former Chief Election Commissioner B

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B Tandon are other eminent members, who were inducted to the board.

war against the LTTE in Sri Lanka was not stopped.

The case was registered under 13 (1) b of the Unlaw• Indian-American Sonal Shah was appointed head of ful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Act, 2004 (adthe new Office of Social Innovation and Civic Partici- vocating, abetting, advising or inciting the commission pation in the Obama administration. Sonal Shah, a In- of any unlawful activity) and also under Section 124 -A dia Abroad Person of the Year in 2003 and co-founder and Section 505 (1) (b) of the Indian Penal Code. Secof India Corps was a member of the Obama transition tion 124-A relates to sedition (attempting to bring into project's advisory board and co-chairperson of a tran- hatred or contempt or exciting or attempting to excite sition group that made recommendations about tech- disaffection towards the Government established by law nology and innovation, including innovation and civil in India). society. • Former President of Peru Alberto Fujimori was con• Advocate Anjali Waghmare was removed on grounds victed of human rights crimes and sentenced to 25 years of professional miscon- in prison on April 7,2009. A three-judge panel conduct as Mohammad Ajmal victed him of ordering a military death squad to carry Kasab’s lawyer. Allegedly out two massacres that killed 25 people during his she had first accepted brief 1990-2000 rule, when he was battling communist guerof a witness in this case rillas. Later, he appealed to Peru's Supreme Court to before deciding to defend overturn his 25-year prison sentence. A corruption scanKasab. She was earlier on dal involving his spy chief, Vladimiro Montesinos, sank March 30,2009 appointed his government in 2000. Fujimori fled to exile in Jaby the court to represent pan. He was later arrested in Chile and extradited to Kasab, the long surviving Peru, where he often snoozed through testimony and terrorist captured by police for the attacks that took place took off his socks. First time a democratically elected Latin American president has been found guilty in his on November 26, 2008. own country of such offenses. Other Latin American • Fiji's President Ratu Josefa Iloilo abolished the consti- rulers faced trials over human rights crimes before tution, assumed all governing power and revoked all ju- Fujimori were military dictators or prosecuted outside dicial appointments on April 10,2009 following the their home countries. Alberto Fujimori was 45th Presicountry's second-highest court ruled that armed forces dent of Peru and he was in office from July 28, 1990 to chief Commodore Frank Bainimarama's government November 22, 2000. that took power after a 2006 coup was illegal. Fiji's military commander and Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama • According to Sri Lankan Defence Ministry, the head relinquished the prime minister's post but later he was of the intelligence wing of the LTTE, Pottu Amman sworn in again as Fiji's Prime Minister as the head of the took overall command of the outfit due to fast deteriorating mental health condition of Velupillai Prabakaran. interim government. Pottu Amman has not battlefield experience, so he ap• A sedition case was registered against MDMK gen- pointed Velawan, the last of LTTE’s battle-hardened eral secretary V. Gopalsamy known as Vaiko by the cadre, as the LTTE’s new military chief. Chennai City police on April 9,2009. He warned in a speech that India would not remain one country if the • According to the overall ranking, compiled by the Wall Street Journal, Mobile phone maker Motorola's India-born chief Sanjay Jha became America's top paid CEO. Citigroup's Vikram Pandit tops the league among bailed out bank. Another Indian on the list is PepsiCo's Indra Nooyi at the 36th slot with a pay package of 13.98

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million dollar. Jha is the only CEO to get a compensation package exceeding 100 million dollar, with Occidental's Ray Irani at a distant second with 49.9 million dollar. Irani is followed by Walt Disney's Robert Iger third rank.

192-member UN General Assembly on world financial and economic crisis. After retirement as Indian Ambassador to UN on March 31,2009 Nirupam Sen had been made India’s high commissioner to Sri Lanka. • Virginia’s secretary of technology Aneesh Chopra was appointed as the Chief Technology Officer in Obama Administration. He included in a three-man team formed by U.S. President Barack Obama to help break Washington’s ‘bad habits’ of wasteful spending and move recession-hit America from recovery to prosperity.

• Advocate S G Abbas Kazmi was appointed by court as the lawyer of Mohammed Amir Ajmal Qasab, the lone surviving gunman in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attack. He replaced Anjali Waghmare, who was removed by court. Another lawyer to defend Qasab is KP Pawar, who was appointed with Anjali Waghmare. The 54year-old S G Abbas Kazmi had defended 25 to 30 ac- • She was appointed country head and group general cused in the 1993 Mumbai serial bomb blasts case and manager of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) India on 3 accused in the Gulshan Kumar murder case who were April 15. Famous woman ultimately acquitted by the court. banker Naina Lal Kidwai had been with HSBC as • A native of Tamil Nadu and 1973 batch IAS officer CEO and deputy CEO for of the Andhra Pradesh cadre, Veeravalli Sundaram the last five years. Padma Sampath took over as the third election commissioner Shri awardee Naina Lal following the elevation of Navin B. Chawla as Chief Kidwai is the first Indian Election Commissioner on April 21,2009. V S Sampath woman to graduate from the was Union Power Secretary prior to his elevation as Harvard Business School. the election commissioner in the Election CommisShe was listed the World's sion of India. Navin B. Chawla succeeded N Top 50 Corporate Women Gopalaswami as the new Chief Election Commissioner from 2000 to 2003 by Fortune magazine. of India. • Prime Minister of Denmark Anders Fogh Rasmussen selected as the new NATO Secretary-General on April 4. Later on he resigned as Denmark’s prime minister on April 5,2009. NATO leaders agreed unanimously to appoint him as the next head of the 28-member alliance after US President Barack Obama convinced Turkey to drop its objections in NATO summit held at Strasbourg and Kehl. Rasmussen will succeed Jaap de Hoop Scheffer of the Netherlands, who steps down at the end of July 2009. • Shikha Sharma was appointed Managing Director and Chief Exicutive Officer of Axis Bank on April 20,2009. She was working as chief of the ICICI group’s life insurance business. • An Indian Foreign Service officer of the 1969 batch Nirupam Sen was appointed Special Senior Advisor to the President Miguel D Escoto Brockmann of the

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• Indian American star of Mira Nair's ‘The Namesake’, Kal Penn joined the White House staff as an associate director in the Office of Public Liaison. Born to Indian immigrant parents from Gujarat, the 31-year-old actor Kalpen Suresh Modi had a recurring role on Fox's popular TV show ‘House’ will play a new role connect Obama with the Asian-American and Pacific Islander communities, as well as arts groups. • According to recently released International Yearbook of Industrial Statistics 2009 by United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (Unido), the share of developing countries in the world’s manufacturing value-added output has almost doubled in the last 18 years due to the shift of production units and outsourcing of services from developed nations. Developing countries produced almost 30% of world manufacturing value added (MVA) at the end of 2008

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as compared to 16% in 1990. The per capita MVA doubled as early as 2006, while the industrialised world achieved merely 30% increase. Among industrialised countries, Japan accounts for most MVA per capita, followed by Switzerland, Singapore, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, USA, Germany and Austria. Luxemburg, Republic of Korea, Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Belgium, United Kingdom, Norway, Netherlands, Italy and France come lower down the list.

tional or nuclear pay loads of 500 kg. • N. Gopalaswami retired from the post of Chief Election Commissioner of India on March 20,2009. A 1966 batch IAS officer of Gujarat cadre, N. Gopalaswami was appointed as Election Commissioner in January 2004. Later on June 30 2006, he succeeded B. B. Tandon as Chief Election Commissioner of India.

• Home minister of Canada's British Columbia prov• For India, the growth rate of MVA output rose from ince, John van Dongen resigned on April 27,2009 af6.9% in 2000-2005 to 12.3% in 2005-2007. The MVA ter he was caught and fined for over-speeding. He was per capita grew 10.6 % in 2005-2007 compared to 5.2% also fined 368 US dollar for his offence. in 2000-2005. The share of MVA in India’s gross domestic product (GDP) stood at 14.8% in 2006 compared • Leading film producer and director Shakti Samant to 13.8% in 2001. Manufacturing still contributes around passed away on April 9,2009 in Santacruz. He was 83. 15% of GDP in India. International Yearbook 2009 Shakti Samant launched the career of Sharmila Tagore ranks India among the world’s leading 12 producers of with film, ‘Kashmir Ki Kali’ and directed films like textiles (ranked 4th after China, the U.S. and Italy); elec- Kashmir Ki Kali, Aradhana, An Evening in Paris, trical machinery and apparatus (5th); basic metals (6th); Amanush, Amar Prem, Anurodh,Anuraag, Ajnabee and chemicals and chemical products (7th); leather, leather Kati Patang. He directed Rajesh Khanna in films like products and footwear (10th); coke, refined petroleum Aradhana, Kati Patang, Amar Prem and Anuraag. products and nuclear fuel (10th); machinery and equip- Shakti Samant started his career with the cinema from ment (12th); and motor vehicles (12th), based on 2007 the black and white era with Howrah Bridge. figures. Among the leading developing countries, India • Noted Hindi writer and Gandhian Vishnu Prabhakar figures among the top five. died on April 11,2009 in New Delhi. He was 97. He wrote in almost all • Mughal Trust was set up on April 6,2009 to find and forms of prose-story, then help the families of the Mughal lines of descent. novels, plays, biography The Trust is brainchild of businessman Mohd Shahid etc. Born on January 29, Khan. The trust will also create pressure on the gov1912, in the Mirapur ernment to bring back the remains of Bahadur Shah village of Zafar from Myanmar. Muzaffarnagar district in Uttar Pradesh, Dr • India successfully test-fired an improved version of Prabhakar was best nuclear-capable 'Prithvi-II' ballistic missile from a Tatra known for his engaging transporter erector launcher from the Integrated Test biography of Bengali Range at Chandipur, about 15 km from Balasore, off litterateur Sarat the Orissa coast on April 15,2009. The indigenously developed surface-to-surface 'Prithvi-II' missile’s range Chandra Chattopadhyay, ‘Awara Maseeha’. His first play is 350 km. The 8.56 meter-long and one meter wide was ‘Hatya ke Baad’. His body of works included ‘Dhalti twin engine missile features to deceive any anti ballis- Raat’ and ‘Swapnamayi’ (novel), ‘Navprabhat’ an ‘Doctic missile and is equipped with "added inertial navi- tor” (drama), ‘Sangharsh ke Baad’ (short stories), ‘Prakash gation" system. The missile is designed to operate with Aur Parchhaiyan’, ‘Barah Ekanki’ and ‘Ashok’ (plays) both liquid as well as solid fuel. It can carry conven- and ‘Awara Maseeha’ (biography). He had over 50 pub-

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lished works to his credit.

after seven years of brutal military rule, passed away on March 31,2009. He was 82. He was president from 1983 He was awarded Padma Bhushan and the Sahitya to 1989 and won international admiration for putting on Akademi Award for his novel Ardhanarishvara (The trial and jailing the former military leaders. Androgynous God or Shiva). Dr Prabhakar had decided to donate his body organs in his will so his body was • Former heavyweight champion Greg Page passed away donated to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences on April 27,2009 at his Louisville home at the age of 50. (AIIMS). He lifted the WBA belt in 1984 during the post-Ali, preTyson era. • Bollywood actor-producer-director famous as style icon Feroz Khan passed away on April 27,2009 at his farm- • Stunt master in Tamil cinema industry Rajkumar died house in Bangalore after a prolonged battle with cancer. at the age of 53. He is remembered as the fight master He was 69. Famous for his blockbusters like ‘Qurbani’ whose action choreography was strikingly similar to and ‘Dharmatma’, Feroz Khan appeared in more than Sylvester Stallone in Rambo. Rambo Rajkumar has 50 films. He made his Bollywood debut as the co-star in worked for over 450 films in five languages, Tamil, Hindi, the movie Didi in 1960 and went on to star in a number Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam. of films in the 1970s and 1980s. The last film he acted in was Welcome in 2007. He won a Filmfare award for best · Rugby legend of Ireland Karl Mullen, who captained supporting role in ‘Aadmi Aur Insaan’ in 1970 and was the 1948 Grand Slam winning team passed away at the honoured with the lifetime achievement award in 2000. age of 82. He won 25 international caps for Ireland in He was elder brother of actor-producer-director Sanjay the 1940s and 1950s, playing at hooker. Khan and father of Bollywood actor Fardeen Khan. • Emergency was lifted on April 24 in Thailand. Earlier • Veteran economist Raja Jesudoss Chelliah died in Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva declared a state of emerChennai on April 7,2009. gency in the capital, Bangkok, and five provinces on April He was 86. He was chair- 12,2009 and Police and military units were deployed to man of the Tax Reforms enforce the decree. Summit between India and the AsCommittee and worked as sociation of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) was Fiscal Adviser in the Union postponed. India’s Union Commerce and Industry MinFinance Ministry. Padma ister Kamal Nath and other leaders were safely evacuVibhushan awardee, found- ated from the venue at the resort town of Pattaya on ing Chairman of the Ma- April 11,2009. dras School of Economics, Raja J Chelliah wrote nearly • More than 200 died in a quake in in L'Aquila of cen15 books and various re- tral Italy. A strong tremor shook on April 6,2009 damsearch papers. aged buildings and some of the 17000 left homeless. • Puducherry Lieutenant Governor Govind Singh Gurjar passed away in New Delhi on 6th April,2009. He was born in 1932 in Balakanangal village of Rajasthan. He was appointed to the post of Lt. Governor in March 2008 during the tenure of former Chief Minister N. Rangasamy.

• The four-day Naval Commanders’ Conference was held at the Eastern Naval Command headquarters, in Visakhapatnam, from April 13 to 15,2009. The conference focused on macro level issues pertaining to military strategy, operational logistics and matters impacting the welfare and enhancement of satisfaction level amongst all ranks and ‘Coastal Security’. The • Former President of Argentina Raul Alfonsin, who Naval Commanders’ Conference is the highest deciguided Argentina's return to democracy in the 1980s sion making body of the navy. It meets annually to deliberate upon major operational issues that have a bearing on the nation’s maritime interests, coastal and offshore security, naval strategy, and operational and Copyright © 2009

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two member nations France and Germany. The summit reaffirmed the values, objectives and obligations of the Washington Treaty which unite Europe with the United States and Canada. • The Leaders of the Group of Twenty, met in London on 2 April 2009. They decided to treble resources available to the IMF to 750 billion dollar, to support a new SDR allocation of 250 billion dollar, to support at least 100 billion dollar of additional lending by the MDBs, to ensure 250 billion dollar of support for trade finance, and to use the additional resources from agreed IMF gold sales for concessional finance for the poorest countries, constitute an additional 1.1 trillion dollar programme of support to restore credit, growth and jobs in the world economy. They also pledged to do whatever is necessary to restore confidence, growth, and jobs, repair the financial system to restore lending, strengthen financial regulation to rebuild trust, fund and reform our international financial institutions to overcome this crisis and prevent future ones, promote global trade and investment and reject protectionism, to underpin prosperity and build an inclusive, green, and sustainable recovery. • International Labour Organisation (ILO) released ‘Global Employment Trends for Women’. The report suggests that there is a gender aspect too to its impact on jobs. Stating that the emerging trends are extremely worrying for both men and women, the report explained the time has come for a coordinated effort internationally to stop the slowdown. At the global level, the share of the vulnerable employed among all women employed is as high as 52.7 per cent compared with 49.1 per cent for men.

Recently many cases of Swine Influenza Virus were found in number of Asian and Latin American countries. 103 people have died of swine flu and about 1600 people have been infected with the virus in Mexico. The US has confirmed 20 cases. Mexico is recognised as the source of the virus. Many countries have issued a negative travel advice for Mexico, and China has ordered a ban on the import of pork from Mexico and a number of Latin American countries, after Russia took a similar measure earlier. Swine influenza is known to be caused by influenza a subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3 SIV refers to influenza cases that are caused by Orthomyxoviruses endemic to pig populations.

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Books and Authors • Challenge and Strategy-Rethinking India’s Foreign Policy : Rajiv Sikri • A Better India, A Better World : N R Narayana Murthy • Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent : Eduardo Galeano • The Court and the Constitution of India: Summits and Shallows : O. Chinnappa Reddy • My Album: Pravin Mahajan • Soldiers' Saga Of Adventure: Col AP Tanwar • If Cricket Is a Religion, Sachin Is God: Vijay Santhanam and Shyam Balasubramaniam

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SECTION - 6 : SPORTS SPORTS • The International Cricket Council Board (ICC) decided to remove Pakistan as a co-host of the 2011 Cricket World Cup due to security fears. A bus carrying Sri Lankan team was attacked on March 3,2009 as it approachedthe stadium in Lahore before the scheduled third day of the second Test against Pakistan. The majority of 2011 Cricket World Cup matches scheduled to be hosted in Pakistan were switched to India. The tournament's organising committee decided that India will host 29 of the 49 matches, Sri Lanka will host 12 games while Bangladesh will stage eight. Thirteen venues in India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh were selected for 49 matches of the ICC World Cup 2011. Eight venues will be in India, three in Sri Lanka and two in Bangladesh. The decision was taken in a meeting of the ICC World Cup 2011 Central Organising Committee (COC) at the Cricket Centre in Mumbai on April 28,2009. • South Africa won five match one-day cricket series with Australia by 3-2. Though, Australia lost to South Africa 3-2, it claimed a comfortable 47-run win in the fifth and last at the Wanderers. • England won the series by 3-2 with defeating West Indies in the fifth and final One-Day International cricket match at the Beausejour Stadium in Gros Islet, St Lucia on April 3,2009.

Wisden Dream Team The prestigious Wisden Cricketers' Almanac published its Dream Test XI on April 8 in London. Indian captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni was named skipper of a Dream Test XI that includes Indians Virender Sehwag, Sachin Tendulkar, Harbhajan Singh and Zaheer Khan. The players in the Wisden Test XI are Virender Sehwag (India), Graeme Smith (South Africa, vice-captain), Ricky Ponting (Australia), Sachin Tendulkar (India), Kevin Pietersen (England), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (West Indies), Mahendra Sing Dhoni (India, captain), Harbhajan Singh (India), Mitchell Johnson (Australia), Dale Steyn (South Africa) and Zaheer Khan (India). • Five Cricketers of the Year: James Michael Anderson (England), Dale Benkenstein, Mark Verdon Boucher and Neil Douglas McKenzie (South Africa) and Samantha Claire Taylor (England) have been included in the Five Cricketers of the Year 2009 of Wisden Almanack. The Five Cricketers of the Year represent a tradition that dates back in Wisden to 1889, making this the oldest individual award in cricket. Claire Taylor became the first woman to be included in the Five Cricketers of the Year. • Leading Cricketer in the World for 2008 : India’s explosive opener Virender Sehwag was chosen as the 'Leading Cricketer in the World for 2008'. He became sixth player to be honoured with the award instituted in 2004.

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Aspirants Times | Vol.2 May 2009

• Cricket team of Ireland, Canada, the Netherlands and Kenya qualified for the 2011 World Cup on April 17,2009. These four, along with Afghanistan, also secured their one-day international status for the next four years. Afghanistan beat Namibia by 21 runs to achieve ODI status on April 17,2009. • Though denied a victory in the third and final Test cricket at Basin Reserve in Wellington by rain, India won the series by defeating New Zealand by 1-0. MS Dhoniled Indian team won the test series against on Kiwi soil after 41 years. Earlier Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi led Indian team won against New Zealand in 1967-68. India won the first Test in Hamilton by 10 wickets and drew the second Test in Napier. India's Gautam Gambhir was named man of the series. • India won under-19 three-day cricket series defeating Australia 3-2. The visitors Indian won two out of the three limited-over matches and then beat the Aussies in the first three-day game by nine wickets in Hobart to win the Under-19 International series between the two sides. However, in the second and final three-day match, Mitchell Marsh scored an unbeaten 69 to help Australia compile 127 and win the match. Mayank Agarwal of India was chosen Player of the Series for his exploits with the bat. The 17-year-old Karnataka lad made 379 runs at an average of 75.8 in his six innings. • BCCI working committee agreed to lift ban on players associated with the rebel ICL if they severed their links with the Subhash Chandra-owned League. The players would not be given any international assignments for a year after they quit the ICL but can immediately start playing in the domestic competition. The amnesty period is till May 31,2009. The BCCI also advised the other national boards to have a similar approach to the ICL, which had become a home for many disgruntled players from across the world. • Italian Roberta Vinci won her second WTA Tour title at the Barcelona Open tennis beating sixth seeded Maria Kirilenko of Russia 6-0, 6-4 on April 19,2009. Roberta

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Vinci won her first tour title in Bogota, Colombia, in 2007, when Tathiana Garbin of Italy retired during the third set with a stomach illness. • Defending champion Rafael Nadal won the Monte Carlo Masters titles beating thirdseeded Novak Djokovic 6-3, 2-6, 6-1 on April 19,2009. The topranked Spaniard Nadal became the first player to win five straight Monte Carlo Masters titles. • Victoria Azarenka of Belarus won the Sony Ericsson Open women title on April 4,2009 beating World No. 1 Serena Williams 6-3, 6-1. ATP World Tour No. 4 Andy Murray won his third ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tennis tournament with a 6-2, 7-5 victory over No. 3 Novak Djokovic. He became first British champion at the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami. Max Mirnyi and Andy Ram won the Men’s doubles. They beat Ashley Fisher and Stephen Huss by 6-7(4), 6-2, 10-7. • World number four Jelena Jankovic of Serbia defeated Carla Suarez Navarro of Spain and won her first title of the season at the Andalucia Tennis Championships on April 12,2009. It was first final of Suarez Navarro. • The former World No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt won the United States in the U.S. men’s clay court tennis championships defeating Wayne Odesnik on April 12,2009. It was his 498th career match and he moved closer to joining Roger Federer and Carlos Moya as the only active players with 500 or more victories. Secondseeded Caroline Wozniacki of Denmark beat Canadian Aleksandra Wozniak 6-1, 6-2 to won the WTA clay court tournament. India’s Sania Mirza with Chinese Taipei’s Chia-Jung Chuang defeated CzechAmerican combine of Kveta Peschke and Lisa Raymond 6-3, 4-6, 10-7 and won the doubles WTA clay court tournament. It was Sania’s first WTA title of 2009. • Michael Jordan, David Robinson, John Stockton and coach Jerry Sloan were inducted in The Basketball Hall of Fame 2009 on April 6,2009. Jordan was a six-time

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Aspirants Times | Vol.2 May 2009

NBA champion with the Chicago Bulls. Robinson was a 10-time NBA All-Star and double champion with the San Antonio Spurs, while Stockton became the NBA's all-time assists leader during his career with the Utah Jazz. • Jyoti Randhawa won final round of the Thailand Open at the Laguna Phuket Golf Club on March 8,2009. He blasted a flawless five-under 65 in the final round to cruise to a comfortable twostroke victory over Rhys Davies of Wales at the Singha USD 500000. The 36-year-old Randhawa sank as many as five birdies to take his tally to 17-under 263 to pip Davies, who hit threeunder 67 at Laguna Phuket Golf Club today. Chinese Taipei's Lu Wei-chih fired a five-under 65 to settle for third position, one stroke ahead of SSP Chowrasia (69) at tied fourth along with Chinese Wu Ashun (66). Among other Indians in fray, Gaganjeet Bhullar carded a one-under 69 to finish tied 10th with a total of 10-under 270. Anirban Lahiri's tied 19th spot with a total of 9-under 271, while Shiv Kapur finished tied 32 with a final round 69. • Angel Cabrera of Argentina won the 73rd Masters golf title with a par on the second sudden-death playoff hole on April 12,2009 a stunning recovery after putting his first play-off tee shot behind a tree. He defeats Kenny Perry and Chad Campell in a stunning play-off. Cabrera, Perry and Chad Campbell all finished 72 holes on 12-under par 276 to force the eighth sudden-death play-off in Masters history, which began at the 18th hole with Cabrera firing his tee shot behind a tree right of the fairway. • Thongchai Jaidee of Thailand won the second edition of the Ballantine’s championship after a play-off at a windswept Pinx Golf Club on Jeju Island in South Korea on April 26,2009. He shot a round of two-under-par 70 to move into joint first alongside Spain’s Gonzalo Fernandez-Castano and local player Kang Sung-hoon on four under overall and force an extra hole at the par4 18th. Copyright © 2009

• Pankaj Advani won a record third Asian billiards championship title by defeating Peter Gilchrist of Singapore in the final of the Rewale Group Asian billiards held at the P.Y.C. Gymkhana in Pune on April 19,2009. 23-year-old from Bangalore Pankaj Advani won the Asian title at Pune for the first time in 2005, at Myanmar in 2008. Zhang Anda of China won his first Asian under-21 snooker title by Noppom Saegkham of Thailand. • Jenson Button won Malaysian Grand Prix for a second straight victory after the race was abandoned when a ferocious storm lashed the Sepang circuit on April 5,2009. Nick Heidfeld, of BMW Sauber, came second and Timo Glock in a Toyota was third. Toyota’s Jarno Trulli came fourth, Rubens Barrichello in the other Brawn was fifth and Mark Webber in the Red Bull was sixth. World champion Lewis Hamilton picked valuable points by coming seventh with Nico Rosberg filling out the top eight. • Churchill Brothers won its maiden I-League football title after a 6-2 thrashing of Mohammedan Sporting in the last round encounter at Nehru Stadium Margao on April 16,2009. Sporting Clube de Goa defeated Air India 3-1 at the Tau Devi Lal Stadium at Gurgaon to finish third in the league while Dempo, tied with Mahindra United on 31 points, finished fourth. Churchill topped the table with 46 points, earned Rs. 50 lakh as the winner’s prize money. The league’s top scorer Odafe Okolie with 26 goals in the tournament earned Rs. 50000. • India won the Azlan Shah title after a 13-year gap, defeating hosts Malaysia 3-1 in the final of the fivenation hockey tournament on April 12,2009 in Ipoh (Malaysia). India also registered 3-0 win against Malaysia during the round-robin stage. Arjun Halappa (8th minute), Prabhjot Singh (20th) and Shivender Singh (41st) sounded the board for India through neatly worked out field goals. Halappa was adjudged 'Man of the Final', while captain Sandeep Singh was named 'Player of the Tournament'. Sandeep was the top goal scorer with 7 goals. New Zealand won the award of 'Fair Play'. Kumar Subramaniam of Malaysia was de-

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clared Best Goalkeeper. The Indian team lost in the final 1-2 at the hands of Argentina in 2008. New Zealand pipped Pakistan 2-1 in the third-fourth place play-off match. Final positions in Azlan Shah cup : 1. India, 2. Malaysia, 3. New Zealand, 4. Pakistan 5. Egypt. • International Master Deep Sengupta attained his second Grandmaster norm and topped a three-way tie to win the Doeberl Cup chess tournament at Canberra on April 13,2009. In the ninth and final round, Deep lost to Deepan Chakkravarthy also of India to remain on seven points. This was the biggest title for Deep in the open section, he also had won World boys’ under-12 title in 2000. Deep, Jones and Deepan received 2,700 Australian dollars each. • Indian shooter Gagan Narang won the gold in the men’s 50 m rifle 3 position and a bronze in 10m air rifle event at the ISSF World Cup in Chongwon, Korea. Thus The Hyderabad-based marksman became first ever Indian to win two medals at a single World Cup. Han Jinseop of Korea and Aleksey Kamensky of Russuia won silver and bronze respectively in the men’s 50 m rifle 3 position. Another Indian Sanjeev Rajput finished sixth in this competition. Zhu Qinan of China won gold and his compatriot Cao won silver in 10m air rifle event. Heena Sidhu of India won silver in 10 metre air pistol competition held in Beijing on April 21,2009.

• Rahul Banerjee, Mangal Singh Champia and Jayanta Talukdar won the gold medal in the men’s recurve team championship at the World Cup archery on April 5,2009 at Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic. The trio combined to hand Great Britain a 221215 points defeat in the final. The women’s compound team, comprising Jhano Hansdah, Bheigyabati Chanu and Manjudha Soy, defeated Venezuela 219-208 in the bronze medal play-off. • Yulia Yefimova set a world record in the women’s 50 meter breaststroke by clocking 30.23 seconds at the Russian swimming championships. She shaved 0.08 seconds off the mark set by Australia’s Jade Edmistone in Melbourne in January 2006. • The 22-year-old Dinara Safina of Russia replaced Serena Williams as the World’s top-ranked women’s tennis player, despite never having won a Grand Slam. Her brother Marat was the men’s top player in the world in 2000. First time a brother and sister got N0. 1 position in the World. • Roshan Ferrao of India won the gold in the shortclass event of the Asia Pacific body building championship recently at Christchurch in New Zealand. Shodhan Kumar Rai won the silver in the tall group. • Rohini Rau became the first Indian woman to finish on the podium of an international Olympic-class regatta when she won the bronze medal in the 2009 Izola Spring Cup ISAF Grade 3 event in Slovenia on April 12,2009.

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SECTION - 7 : Awards Shriya Kishore won Miss India Earth 2009 title.

Awards • The Russian-French mathematician Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov was selected for Abel Prize for 2009 for his revolutionary contributions to geometry. The award is given by The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Known as the ‘Nobel Prize for mathematics’, the Abel Prize recognises contributions of extraordinary depth and influence to the mathematical sciences and has been awarded annually since 2003. It carries a cash award of 6000000 Norwegian krone (about Rs. 4.8 crore). 65-year-old-Russian-born Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov became a French citizen in 1992 and working as a professor at the Institut des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques at Bures- sur-Yvette, France. • Winners of Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2009 were declared at the Andheri sports club in Mumbai on April 5,2009 in a star-studded colorful ceremony. 22-yearold Ekta Choudhury from New Delhi was crowned Pantaloons Femina Miss India Universe 2009. She will represent the country at the global beauty pageant 2009. Pooja Chopra was crowned Miss India World and

• The show was choreographed by Marc Robinson and hosted by Bollywood beauty Malaika Arora Khan and star R. Madhavan and performed by bollywood actresses Priyanka Chopra, Kangana Ranaut and Genelia D’souza. The contestants dazzled the event in beautiful creations by designers Ritu Kumar, Rocky S. Pantaloons and Prasad Bidappa. The regal gold crowns for the winners were created by the World Gold Council and D'damas and presented by Collection g; crowns designed on a sun-moon-star theme. • Dadasaheb Phalke Academy felicitated film dignitaries in an award function on May 4 at Bhaidas Auditorium to commemorate 140th birth anniversary of Dadasaheb Phalke. Dadasaheb Phalke Academy is an All India Body of 38 Cine Associations. It is engaged in the service of Father of Indian Cinema. Name of awards and personalities are following:Phalke Ratna Award: Manoj Kumar Phalke Legend Actor Award: Shammi Kapoor Phalke Golden Singer Award: Shamshad Begum Phalke Kalptaru Award: Prithvi Raj Kapoor (posthumously) Phalke Memorable Commercial Film Award: Ashutosh Gowariker

Sub title winners of Pantaloons Femina Miss India 2009 • Pantaloons Femina Miss Fresh Face: Deeksha Seth

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• Femina Miss Beautiful Smile: Pooja Chopra • Femina Miss Talented: Ekta Chaudhary and Pooja Hegde • Evolve Femina Miss Photogenic: Dimple Patel • Kohler Femina Miss Bold: Akanksha Yadav • Talwalkars Femina Miss Beautiful Body: Pooja Chopra • Bajaj Allianz Femina Miss Confident: Karishma Karnik

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Phalke Academy for the senior most producer of India: Surendra Kapoor

tecture Prize is considered one of the highest honours and an equal to the Nobel Prize in Architecture.

• Lasantha Wickrematunge was awrded UNESCO's 2009 World Press Freedom Prize. A journalist and editor of Sri Lanka, Lasantha Wickrematunge was assassinated January 8, 2008. Wickrematunge is the second reporter in the award's 12-year history to be honored posthumously, Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian journalist and human rights campaigner who was killed in 2006, was awarded the prize in 2007.

• Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards were given to 29 journalists. P. Sainath, Rural Affairs Editor of The Hindu and Karan Thapar were conferred ‘Journalists of the Year’ in print and broadcast categories respectively. Ms Nidhi Razdan of NDTV won the award in the category of reporting from Jammu and Kashmir, while V.K. Sasikumar of CNN-IBN was honoured for his reportage from the North-East. In the category of ‘Uncovering India Invisible (Print),’ Neelesh Mishra and Nagendra Sharma of Hindustan Times won the awards. The award in the broadcast category of the same segment went to Mridu Bhandari of CNN-IBN.

• Distinguished journalist Neerja Choudhury was selected for the Prem Bhatia Award for her exemplary contribution in the field of political reporting. Senior journalist Gargi Parsai of The Hindu was awarded in the category of reporting on environment issues. Neerja Choudhury fought for social causes and was the first and only Civil Rights correspondent for an Indian newspaper when she was serving The Statesman from 1982 to 1987. The award is given by the Prem Bhatia Memorial Trust to promote excellence in journalism in India by raising public consciousness. • Dr C.P. Chandrasekhar was chosen for the Dr. Malcolm Adiseshiah Award 2009. He is a Professor at the Centre for Economic Studies and Planning, School of Social Sciences in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. This award is presented to an outstanding social scientist for his or her contribution in economics and development studies and carries a citation and Rs. 2 lakh. • Swiss architect Peter Zumthor, whose creations include chapels, spas, museums and housing for seniors was awarded Pritzker Architecture Prize. Peter Zumthor is known for his ‘crisp look’ buildings and his approach to design and the nature of his practice. The Thermal Bath at Vals, Switzerland, built in 1996, is considered a masterpiece, and celebrated as a superb example of simple detailing. The Kolumba Art Museum in Germany, the Kunsthaus Bregenz in Austria and the Saint Benedict Chapel in Switzerland, are some of his other well known works. Pritzker ArchiThis Article is Available Online Also

• Tyre major MRF was given J.D. Power Award 2008 for customer satisfaction on April 9,2009 in New Delhi . According to the J.D. Power Asia Pacific 2008 customer satisfaction index study, MRF is ranked highest in customer satisfaction with original equipment tyres in India among five tyre manufacturers. • Noted Hindustani classical vocalist Pandit Jasraj was awarded Saraswati Sammanan at a function in New Delhi by Saraswati Music College as to mark its 85 years in the field of arts, music and dance. Saraswati Music College was established in 1924 by Shri Bansilalji, disciple of the veteran musician Pandit Maniramji of Mewati gharana. • Chinese dissident and writer Liu Xiaobo was given 2009 PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award. He has been in detention since December 8, 2008 and held at an unknown location under a form of house arrest. Established in 1987, this award is given to honour writers anywhere in the world who have fought courageously in the face of adversity for the right to freedom of expression. • HCL Technologies Ltd (HCL) was chosen as one of Britain’s Top Employers 2009 by CRF International, the independent business research organisation. HCL a global IT services provider.

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SECTION - 8 : Model Test Paper

MOCK SAMPLE PAPER 1. Which canal links Red sea and Mediterranean sea? a) Panama canal b) Suez canal c) Palk strait d) None of these Ans: (b)

2. Arrange the following in descending order depending on their area i) Pacific Ocean ii) Atlantic Ocean iii) Indian Ocean iv) Arctic Ocean a) i, iii, iv & iii b) i, ii, iii, & iv c) ii, iv, i & iii d) iii, iv, i & ii Ans: (b) 3) Which of the following countries are participating in the TAP gas pipeline project? i) Afganistan ii) Pakistan iii) Turkmenistan iv) Tanzania a) Only i, ii & iv b) ii, iii & iv c) i, ii & iii d) All the above Ans: (c)

c) Selma Ottilia Lovisa Legerlot d) Sigrid Lindset Ans: (a) 5) What is the name of telecom gaint of South Africa which was in news for it merger with Reliance Communication? a) MTN b) Cell C c) TelKom d) Neotel Ans: (a) 6) Which of the following energy companies had acquired chinese wind energy firm, Honiton energy holding? a) RS India Group b) Reliance Power c) PTC India d) Suzlon Energy Ltd. Ans: (d) 7) In which hill range is Kodai Kanal located? a) Nilgiris b) Palni Hills c) Animalai Hills d) Shevanoy HIlls Ans: (b) 8) Who was the first recipient of the Rajiv Gandhi Kel Ratna Award in 1991-92? a) Anju George b) Pankaj Advani c) Leander Pacs d) Viswanathan Anand Ans: (d)

4) Who was the first women to receive the Nobel Prize 9) Which mountain range marks the border between northern and peninsular indian? for literature? a) Stpura Range a) Grazia Deledda b) Pearl Buck This Model Paper is Available Online Also:http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-2/quiz/Mock-Sample-Paper Copyright © 2009

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Aspirants Times | Vol.2 May 2009

MOCK SAMPLE PAPER a) The lungs b) The eyes c) The brain d) THe heart Ans: (b)

b) Maikhal Rarge c) Ajanta Range d) Vindhya Range Ans: (d) 10) Which of the follwing state has has Transferred the power to Panchayats which are mentioned in the 11th schedule of the constitution? a) Karnataka b) Madhya Pradesh c) West Bengal d) Kerala Ans: (d) 11) Which of the folowing state is not bordering Nepal? a) Assam b) Uttara Khand c) West Bengal d) Bihar Ans: (a) 12) In the body, the adrenal glands are located? a) Above small intestine b) In the kindney c) Below tongue d) In the brain Ans: (b) 13) Who was the first Indian women to reach the finals of an olympic athletics event? a) Karman Maheshwari b) P. T. Vsha c) Aparna Popat d) Kamaljit Sandhu Ans: (d)

16) Which is the commercial wing of the indian space agency for marketing Indian space capabilities? a) ANTRIX b) ISRO c) ATLAS d) ANTRAX Ans: (a) 17) Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of youth development is situated is ehich state? a) Tamil Nadu b) Uttar Pradesh c) Andhra Pradesh d) Rajasthan Ans: (a) 18) Which of the following vitamins rich diet may help to protect against memory loss in old age? a) Vatamin A b) Vitamin B c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D Ans: (c) 19) The founder of modern statistics is a) Srivastav Ramanuja b) Ennstine c) Bhasker d) Karl Pearson Ans: (d)

14) Who is considered as India’s premier imagist writer? a) Salman Sushid b) Kiran Desai c) Mulk Raj Anand d) Anita desai Ans: (c)

20) Which of the following is not correctly matched? a) International Labour Organization - Geneva b) Universal postal Union - Washington c) Food and Agriculture Organization - Rome d) UN’s Environment Program - Nairobi Ans: (b)

15) Conjunctivitis affects which part of the human body?

21) In wich year was the international Physicians for the prevention of nuclear was awarded the Nobel Peace

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER

Aspirants Times | Vol.2 May 2009

Prize? a) 1985 b) 1995 c) 1990 d) 1994 Ans: (a)

known as the Kamrup sanctuary? a) Orang b) Kaziranga c) Manas Dibru - Saikhowa Ans: (c)

22) Which of the following countries does not have Rupee as its currency? a) Nepal b) Seychelles c) Bhutan d) Mauritius Ans: (c)

28) Which of the following is not correctly matched? a) Zaire - Africa b) parana - S. America c) Lena - Australia d) Volga - Russia Ans: (c)

23) Elephant Mountain are also called as a) Cardamom Hills b) Khasi Hills c) Anamalai hills d) Mahendragiri Hills Ans: (c)

29) The Tomu - Kalemyo road links India to which country? a) Myanman b) Afghanistan c) China d) Bhutan Ans: (a)

24) Siachen one of the world’s longest mountain glaciers, is located which mountain range? a) Pir Panjal b) Karakoram c) Ladakh d) Siwalika Ans: (b)

30) Which of the following banks has the maximum number of branches in foreign countries? a) SBI b) Bank Of Baroda c) PNB d) None of the above Ans: (a)

25) Which script is used for Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit and Prakrit? a) Kharoshti b) Gurmukhi c) Devanagari d) None of the above Ans: (c)

31) The new Goodwill Ambassador appointed for the united Nation Development Fund for women is also Princess of one of the country, She is a) Bajrakitiyapha Mahidol of Thailand b) Devyani Rana of Nepal c) Masako Owada of Japan d) Camila Parker Bowlesof United Kingdom Ans: (a)

26) Brine means a) Solution of iodine in alcohol b) Solution of sulphur in barbon disulphide c) Solution of sodium chloride in water d) None of the above Ans: (c) 27) Which famous wildlife sanctuary in Assam is also

32) Which of the following Public Public section companies has been given the status of ‘Miniratna’ in category? a) Hindustan Copper Ltd. (HCL) b) Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) c) Hindustan Aeronauticsal Ltd (HAL) d) Bharat Pertolium Corporation

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER Ans: (a) 33) Who was the founder of Tatwabodhni Sabha? a) Ram Mohan Rai b) Devendra Nath Taigore c) Keshav Sen d) Dayanand Saraswati Ans: (b) 34) Who among the following were invalved in Kanpur conspiracy case? a) Aurobindo Ghosh and Har Dayal b) Muzaffer Ahmed and S.A. Dange c) Bhagat Sight and Rajguru d) Sukhdev, Azad and Rajguru Ans: (b) 35) The second disarmament decade was observed by the UNO during the year of a) 1990 - 2000 b) 1980 - 1990 c) 1970 - 1980 d) 1960 - 1970 Ans: (b) 36) In which year first session of Lok Sabha held? a) 1952 b) 1962 c) 1950 d) 1956 Ans: (a) 37) UNESCO declared world heritage site for a) Nilgiri Mountain Railway b) Kalka Shimal Railway c) Darjiling Himalayan Railway d) None of these Ans: (b) 38) ‘Rods’ cells of cornea are responsible for a) Vision in dim light b) Vision in bright light c) identification of colours d) Identification of depth Ans: (a)

39) The Nanga Parbat Peak is situated in the a) Kara Koram Range b) Zaskar Range c) Laddakh Range d) Himalayas Ans: (d) 40) Which on of the following sectors attracted maximum foreign investment in 2007-08? a) Petrolium and natural gas b) Service sector c) Housing and Real Estate d) Power Ans: (b) 41) Generally the soil of the northern plains of India has been formed by a) Degradation b) Aggradation c) weathering d) Erosion Ans: (b) 42) Nyaya System of Philosophy was founded by a) Gautama or Aksapada b) Patanjali c) Kapila d) Satanika Ans: (a) 43) Ranu and Rima together can complete a piece of work in 35 days while Ranu alone can complete the same work in 60 days. Rina alone will be able to complete the same work in a) 72 days b) 96 days c) 42 days d) 64 days Ans: (d) 44) A sum of money is divided between two persons in the ratio of 3.5; if the share of one person is Rs. 20 less than that of the other the sum? a) Rs. 75 b) Rs. 90 c) Rs. 85

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER d) Rs. 80 Ans: (d) 45) Which of the following mobile network company has teamed up with social networking site my sapce to create an interactive music plaform? a) Airtel b) Reliance c) Vodafone d) Idea Ans: (c) 46) According to latest world investment report released by UNCTAD for 2008 the largest recipient of was a) India b) Chaina c) USA d) UK Ans: (c) 47) Who has been elected as as the Chinanam of International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ? a) Rajat Gupta b) Ms Ravichandran c) Victor Fung d) Ratan Tata Ans: (c) 48) Who has been conferred with the ‘Global Vision’ award by us-india Business Council? a) Indra Noogi b) Sunil Mittal c) Sam Pitroda d) None of these Ans: (b) 49) Quinine & morphine are the a) Stored food in fruits b) Substance essntial for maintaing osmatic pressure in plants c) Emmergency food stored in the stem d) Waste products of plants And: (d)

50) Which one of the following industrial product is not obtained by the bacterial fermentation? a) oxalic acid b) Citric acis c) Butyric acid d) Alcohol Ans: (a) 51) RBC are destroyed in a) Spleen b) Liven c) Kidney d) Limph glands Ans: (a) 52) Which of the first Latin American country to signa Preferential Trade Agreement with India? a) Maxico b) Brazil c) Venezulea d) Chile Ans: (d) 53) Which of the following galnds controls the blood pressure in human body? a) Thyroid b) Pituitary c) Adrenaline d) kidney Ans: (b) 54) The first industrial policy resolution appeared in a) 1948 b) 1956 c) 1958 d) 1962 Ans: (a) 55) Who among the following journalist was conferred with General Loeb Prize for his contribution in the field of Economic Journalism? a) Anshuman Tiwari b) Sanjay Jha

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER d) Warren Hosting Ans: (b)

c) Nishikant Thakur d) Mrinal Pandey Ans: (b) 56) Sri Lankan team has won the Star Cricket Asia Cup 2008 after defeating a) Pakistan b) India c) Bangladesh d) None of these Ans: (b) 57) National Rural Health Mission was launched in a) 2006 b) 2007 c) 2005 d) 2004 Ans: (c) 58) Which one of the folowing is the correct statement? a) The mordern Kochi was Dutch colony till India’s independence. b) The Dutch defeated the portuguese and built fort williams in the mordern Kochi. c) The mordern Kochi was first a Dutch colony before the Portuguese took over from them. d) The mordern Kochin even become a part of the British colony. Ans: (b) 59) In India among the following locations the Dutch established their earliest factory at a) Surat b) Pulicat c) Cochin d) Cassimbazan Ans: (b) 60) Who among the following was the first euro initiate the policy of taking part in the qurrels of prineces with a view to acquire territories? a) Clive b) Dupleix c) Albuquerque

61) Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched? a) Jahangir - William Hawkins b) Akbar - Sir Thomas Roe c) Shahjahan - Traverrien d) Aurangzeb - Manucci Ans: (b) 62) Which of the combination is correct? a) B.R. Ambedkar : President of Constitution Assembly b) Rajendra prasad : Nominated president of the Constituent Assembly c) G.V. Mavalan Khan : First speaker of the Lok Sabha d) Jawaharlal Nehru : First leader of the opposition in Lok Sabha Ans : (c) 63) Indian Constitution is created by a) British Parliament b) National Congress c) Constituent Assembly d) Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha Ans: (c) 64) The constituent assembly which framed the constitution of free India was set up under a) Cripps Mission Plan b) Cabinet Mission Plan c) Wavall Plan d) None of above Ans: (b) 65) Which one of the following fundamental rights is not available the alien a) Freedom of speech b) Equality before law c) Protection in respect of conviction against ex past facto laws d) Protection of life Ans: (a)

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER 66) It shall be the duty of every citizen of india to abide by the constitution and respect ots ideals and institutional the national flag and the national anthen a) Art 35 b) Art 50 c) Art 51A d) Art 52 Ans: (c) 67) Right to constitutional remedies is given under a) Art 20 b) Art 28 c) Art 30 d) Art 32 Ans: (d) 68) Swaran Singh committee was regarding a) DPSP b) Minorities c) FRS d) Fundamental Duties Ans: (d) 69) Which is the longest committee in the Indian Parliament? a) Public Account Committee b) The Estimates Committee c) The Cmmitee on Public Undertaking d) The Rule Committee Ans: (b) 70) With regard to amendment the constitution the Rajya Sabha a) Enjoys equal power with Lok Sabha b) Enjoys exclusive power to imitiate certain type of amendment c) Does not enjoy any powers d) Is associated with only certain types of amendment Ans: (a) 71) If a member of Parliament remains absent with out notice for 60 days then a) Nothing happens b) His seat may be declared vacant

c) He has to reapply for membership d) The speaker seeks on explanation from him Ans: (b) 72) The provision of non-confidence motion is also called a) Question hour b) Adjournment motion c) Censure motion d) None of above Ans: (d) 73) Which are the following motion cannot be moved in Rajya Sabha a) Cesure motion b) Adjourn motion c) No-day yet motion d) Noconfidence motion Ans: (d) 74) The government resign if a noconfidence motion is passed in a) Lok Sanha b) Rajya Sabha c) Either Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha d) Joint Session of Parliament Ans: (a) 75) Who is authorised to decide a dispute regarding the disqualification of members of parliament? a) The President b) Supreme Court c) Election Commissioner d) President in constitution with Election Commission Ans: (d) 76) Freedom of speech for members of the parliament has been described a) 105 b) 19 c) 19 (7) d) 104 Ans: (a)

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER 77) Under the constitution of India, The President a) ..is eligible for re-election b) ..not eligible for re-election c) ..there is no such provision d) None of the above Ans: (a) 78) The condidate of the office of the president much be proposed by a) At least 50 electors b) At least 200 electors c) At least 100 electors d) At least 150 electors Ans: (a) 79) The president of India is elected by a) All the members of the Parliament b) All elected members of the Parliament c) All the elected members of the parliament and the elected members of the legislative assemblies of the state d) All members of Rajya Sabha Ans: (c) 80) The Vice-President can be removed from his office before expiry of him term by the a) President b) Members of the two house of Parliament c) Member of the Rajya Sabha d) The supreme court Ans: (b) 81) The President government operates on the principle of a) Fusion of powers b) Separation of powers c) Division od powers d) Centralization of powers Ans: (b) 82) The status of the President of India resemble to a) Crown of UK b) President of USA

c) General Secretory of UN d) President of Nigeria Ans: (a) 83) President’s rule can be impased in a state for a maximum period of a) Three months b) Six months c) One month d) Three years Ans : (d) 84) How many times has the President of India declared financial emergency so far a) One once b) Only twice c) only thrice d) Never Ans: (d) 85) The Union Pulic Service Commission (UPSC) is concerned with recruitment of a) Central Services b) All India Services c) Both (a) and (b) d) None of these Ans: (c) 86) The office of the district collector was created in India in a) 1771 b) 1772 c) 1774 d) 1777 Ans: (b) 87) The most important feature in the community development programme is a) Prevention of migration of rural people to gram area b) People participation c) Provision of relief during natural calanities d) Collection of land revenue by the local people Ans: (b)

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER 88) Which of the following ions violates the octal rule? a) I2 b) BR c) Te2 d) N3 Ans: (a) 89) ‘Grand Slam’ is related to which of the following games? a) Chess b) Tennis and Bridge c) Badmition d) Polo Ans: (d) 90) The approximate percentage of salt by which sea water is a) 2.1% b) 5.2% c) 4.1% d) 3.6 Ans: (d) 91) What is the name of the currency of Belgium? a) Dollar b) Sterling c) Peseta d) Franc Ans: (d) 92) The author of the Book ‘Wating For The Mahatma’ a) R.K. Ranayan b) N.A. Plakhiwala c) amrita Pritam d) m. Molgonkan Ans: (a) 93) Acceleration due to gravity on moon is 0.166 times that on the earth, a man weight 60Kg on Earth, Would weight ________..Kg on moon? a) 10 Kg b) 16.6 Kg c) 60 Kg

d) 30 Kg Ans: (a) 94) What was the aim of Antyodya Programme? a) Elimination of urbon poverty b) Improving the living statements of SC’s c) Helping the poorest among poor d) Uplifting the minorities Ans: (c) 95) A weightless rubber baloon is filled with 200cc of water, its weight in water is equal to a) 9.8/5N b) 9.8/10N c) 9.8/2N d) Zero Ans: (d) 96) Kisan credit card scheme was started in the year a) 2000-01 b) 1996-97 c) 1999-2000 d) 1998-99 Ans: (d) 97) Father has blood group ‘A’ and Mother is of blood group ‘B’ find out possitive blood group in childrena) Blood group ‘A’ b) Blood group ‘B’ c) Blood group ‘C’ d) Blood groups A, B, O & AB Ans: (d) 98) Ribisomes are cellular structures involved in a) Photosynthesis b) Chemosynthesis c) Protien Sysnthesis d) Carbohydrate Synthesis Ans: (c) 99) Which of the following has a potentiality for harnessing of tidal energy in India? a) Gulf of Combay b) Gulf of Mannan

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER c) Bank waters of Kerala d) Chika Lake Ans: (a) 100) Exchange products of mammalian embryo are eliminate out by a) Placenta b) Amniotic Fluid c) Allantois d) Ureters Ans: (a) 101. Which of the following methods are used to remove impurity (gangueasit as it is called in metallurgy) from metallic ores so as to extract metals from the latter ? (1). Roasting (2). Calcination (3). Precipitation (4). Electrolysis (5). Aluminothermic Select your answer from the choices given below : (a). 1,2,3 (b). 1,2,3,4 (c). 3,4,5 (d). 1,2,3,4,5 Ans: (d) 102. The hybrid between hores and donkey is called (a). Pony (b).Colt (c). Mule (d). Zebra Ans: (c) 103. In India those farmers are called’marginal farmers’ who hold land up to(a). 1 hectare (b). 2 hectare (c). 3 hectare (d). 4 hectare Ans: (a)

ministers(a). 90th (b). 91st (c). 92nd (d). 93rd Ans: (b) 105. The metals, mainly used for minting coins during the mauryan period were(a). Gold and Silver (b). Silver and Copper (c). Copper and Bronz (d). Lead and Bronz Ans: (b) 106. Which one of the following is not in the state list under the constitution of india(a). Fisheries (b). Agriculture (c). Insurance (d). Betting and Gambling Ans: (a) 107. Consider the following about Sovereign wealth fund (swf)(1). SWF is a state owend fund which comprises stocks, bonds property or other financial instrument. (2). Recently established SWF is managed by RBL. (3). The use of india’s forex neserves for setting up a SWF has been the subject of much bebate. Which of these statement(s) is/are correct ? (a). lonly (b). only (c). 1 and 3 (d). 3 and 2 Ans: (c) 108. Consider the followings(1). Ratan Tata led investment commission has suggested a rural industrialization model based on garmenting business. (2). Commission has advised a 10-year tax holiday for

104. Which amendment act fixed the number of This Model Paper is Available Online Also:http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-2/quiz/Mock-Sample-Paper

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER rural industries. (3). It suggested a flexible labour law for rural apparel units without restrictions on hiring and retrenchment. Select the code:(a). only 1 and 2 are correct. (b). only 1 and 3 are correct. (c). only 2 and 3 are correct. (d). all are correct. Ans: (a) 109. What is Direct Market Access (DMA) ? (a). It is a recently SEBI introduced facility which allows brokers to offer clients direct access to the exchange trading system through the broker’s infrastructure without manual intervention by the broker. (b). It is a new policy for market reforms,initiated by central goverment. (c). Through MA, SEBI permits FDI for market. (d). None of these. Ans: (a)

113. The PH value of blood is(a). 6.5 (b). 7.35 (c).6.3 (d). 8 Ans: (b) 114. The pollination of plant affected by snails is called(a). Entomphily (b). Anemophily (c). Melacophily (d). Zoophily Ans: (c) 115. Which of the following reduces blood calcium level(a). Parathormone (b). Calcitronin (c). Adrenal (d). Pancreas Ans: (c)

110. Oilcrisis refers to(a). Deficit in demand and supply of crude oil in india (b). Rising crude oil prices in international market (c). Rising crude oil prices in US (d). Rising edible oil prices in world Ans: (a)

116. Which of the following is used in electrical fire extinguisher ? (a). water (b). carbon dioxide (c). foam (d). cacl4 Ans: (d)

111. Where was first apparel park developed ? (a). Cochin (b). Tirupur (c). Vishakhapatnam (d). Trivandrum Ans: (b)

117. Transistor was invented by(a). Shockly (b). Huckel Debye (c). Mosley (d). Oswald Ans: (a)

112. Full form of AFTA is(a). Asian Federation for Technology Agreement (b). ASEAN Free Trade Association (c). ASEAN Fixed Trade Association (d). Atlantic Free Trade Area Ans: (b)

118. Choose the wrong one(a). Saliva-Ptylin (b). Pancreatic Juice-Trypsin (c). Succus entricus-Peptidase (d). Bile Juice-Gastriclipase Ans: (d)

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER 119. The is Synthesized by the bacteria present is the intestine(a). Vitamin-A (b). Vitamin-B (c). Vitamin-K (d). Vitamin-C Ans: (b)

of police has been chosen for the National Award for egovernance 2008-09 ? (a). Kerla (b). Gujrat (c). Andhra Pradesh (d). Himachal Pradesh Ans: (d)

120. Till the birth of baby, foetus is enclosed in the(a). Amniotic sac (b). Fellopian sac (c). Semniferous tubule (d). Valva Ans: (a)

125. In which country world social forum was hold recently ? (a). Brazil (b). Switgerland (c). China (d). Mexico Ans: (a)

121. Consider the following and choose the best answer(1). canpus luetum secrets progesterone hormone at the time of ovalation (2). invitro fertilization is also known as test tube baby Select the answer(a). 1 is correct (b). 2 is correct (c). 1 and 2 are correct (d). neither 1 nor 2 correct Ans: (c) 122. Recently Zillur Rahman is elected as a 19th President of which country(a). Malaysia (b). Indonesia (c). Sudan (d). Bangladesh Ans: (d) 123. Who won the 2009 men’s single Australian open litle(a). Rogar Federer (b). Sampras (c). Rafael Nadal (d). Andy Ram Ans: (d)

126. In which of the following countries euthanasia is legalized ? (a). Belgium (b). Thailand (c). Luxembourg (d). All the above Ans: (d) 127. Who of the following is not included in the prime Ministers Global Advisory Council ? (a). L.N.Mittal (b). Amartya Sen (c). Ratan Tata (d). Sam Pitroda Ans: (c) 128. Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, become a new President of which African country after the with drawal of Ethipio ? (a). Kenya (b). Dijibouti (c). Nigeria (d). Somalia Ans: (d) 129. Which of the following Latin American country approved a new constitution in a referendum held in

124. Which states e-Gazette Project and the web Portal This Model Paper is Available Online Also:http://upscportal.com/civilservices/mag/vol-2/quiz/Mock-Sample-Paper Copyright © 2009

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER (d). France Ans: (c)

the last week of janvary-2009 ? (a). Chile (b). Bolivia (c). Venezuela (d). Brazil Ans: (b) 130. Which state of india become first carban free state in india ? (a). Himachal Pradesh (b). Kerala (c). Gujrat (d). Uttarkhand Ans: (a) 131. How many languages of india are their in UNESCO’S list of counries having the Maximum number of dialects on the verge of extinction ? (a). 192 (b). 147 (c). 196 (d). 157 Ans: (c) 132. Hogenakkal controversy is between which of the following states ? (a). Kerala and Tamilnadu (b). Tamilnadu and AndhraPradesh (c). Maharastra and AndhraPredesh (d). Tamilnadu and KarnatakaPredesh Ans: (d) 133. What is Quark 2009 ? (a). Technical festival (b). Cultural festival (c). Handicraft festival (d). None of the above Ans: (a) 134. Which of the following country has over taken Russia as the main defance supplien to india ? (a). China (b). USA (c). Israel

135. Working age population (15 to 64 years) in india is(a). 53 percent (b). 63 percent (c). 69 percent (d). 72 percent Ans: (b) 136. Production of which of the following was over achieves in 2006-07 ? (a). Sugarcane (b). Oilseeds (c). Rice (d). Jute and Marta Ans: (a) 137. According to planning commission of india, except which one of the following factors, that contribute to agriculture growth, there has been declearation in the growth of all other factores(a). Gross irrigated area (b). Jerms of trade (c). Area under fruits and vegetables (d). Credit supply Ans: (d) 138. Which one of the following states is the largest sugar production(a). Maharastra (b). Uttar Pradesh (c). Punjab (d). Haryana Ans: (b) 139. Which of the following states have larger number of co-operative sugar mills(a). Maharastra, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana (b). Maharastra, Karnataka and Tamilnadu (c). Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal (d). Punjab, Haryana and Gujrat Ans: (b)

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER 140. According to the authors of a set of simple charts spelling out death risks from various causes, which of the following shortens and person’s life by 5 to 10 years? (a). Smoking (b). AIDS (c). Liqor Drinking (d). Both a and b Ans: (a)

Ans: (b)

141.Nuclear Power supplies made what Percent of india’s electricity ? (a). About 4 percent (b). About 3 percent (c). About 5 percent (d). About 6 percent Ans: (b)

146. Which insurance company launched family medicare policy in which the sum insured floats oven the entire family ? (a).The United India Insurance (b). SBI Life Insurance Company (c). Oriental Insurance Company (d). Life Insurance Corporation Of India Ans: (a)

142. What is GBP108 mfund ? (a). Britain and Norway created and fund to help save the world’s second largest rainforest of central Africa’s Corgo basin. (b). it will use satellite imaging technology. (c). this fund curb the destruction of forest by providing alternative sources of income or energy. (d). All of the above. Ans: (d) 143. Which of the following chemicals present in the brain plays a key role in regulating emotions such as aggression ? (a). Acetylcholine (b). Histamine (c). Serotonin (d). Vasopressin Ans: (c) 144. Asia’s only and world’s second Human DNA Bank has been established by IQRA Biotech services under a public- private partnership in (a). New Delhi (b). Lucknow (c). Hyderabad (d). Banglore

145. The provide betten medical serviceses corporation has established a model hospital at(a). Lucknow (U.P) (b). Madurai (Tamilnadu) (c). Baddi (Himachal Predesh) (d). Nagpur(Maharastra) Ans: (c)

147. Nextzone, an information technology special Economic Zone (SEZ) is being established at(a). Banglore, Karnataka (b). Panvel near Mumbai (c). Panki near Kanpur (d). Secundrabad near Hydrabad Ans: (b) 148. What is the name of india’s first power exchange which started operations on June 2008(a). Chennai Power Exchange (b). Hindustan Power Exchange (c). Indian Energy Exchange (d). Mumbai Energy Exchange Ans: (c) 149. India’s first grid-connected Photovoltaic Solar power plant of 2MW has been established in(a). Burwah district of W.Bengal (b). Bharuch district of Gujrat (c). Tanjavan district of Tamilnadu (d). Nellore district of Andhra Predesh Ans: (a)

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MOCK SAMPLE PAPER 150) Short term loans to correct the balance of payments problems are given by a) I.M.F. b) I.B.R.D. c) I.D.A. d) A.D.B. Ans: (a)

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