ASP Response Object
The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server.
Examples Write text with ASP This example demonstrates how to write text with ASP. Format text with HTML tags in ASP This example demonstrates how to combine text and HTML tags with ASP. Redirect the user to a different URL This example demonstrates how to redirect the user to a different URL. Show a random link This example demonstrates a link, each time you load the page, it will display one of two links: W3Schools.com! OR Refsnesdata.no! There is a 50% chance for each of them. Controlling the buffer This example demonstrates how you can control the buffer. Clear the buffer This example demonstrates how you can clear the buffer. End a script in the middle of processing and return the result This example demonstrates how to end a script in the middle of processing. Set how many minutes a page will be cached in a browser before it expires This example demonstrates how to specify how many minutes a page will be cached in a browser before it expires. Set a date/time when a page cached in a browser will expire This example demonstrates how to specify a date/time a page cached in a browser will expire. Check if the user is still connected to the server This example demonstrates how to check if a user is disconnected from the server. Set the type of content This example demonstrates how to specify the type of content. Set the name of the character set This example demonstrates how to specify the name of the character set.
Response Object The ASP Response object is used to send output to the user from the server. Its collections, properties, and methods are described below:
Collections
Collection
Description
Cookies
Sets a cookie value. If the cookie does not exist, it will be created, and take the value that is specified
Properties Property
Description
Buffer
Specifies whether to buffer the page output or not
CacheControl
Sets whether a proxy server can cache the output generated by ASP or not
Charset
Appends the name of a character-set to the content-type header in the Response object
ContentType
Sets the HTTP content type for the Response object
Expires
Sets how long (in minutes) a page will be cached on a browser before it expires
ExpiresAbsolute
Sets a date and time when a page cached on a browser will expire
IsClientConnected
Indicates if the client has disconnected from the server
Pics
Appends a value to the PICS label response header
Status
Specifies the value of the status line returned by the server
Methods Method
Description
AddHeader
Adds a new HTTP header and a value to the HTTP response
AppendToLog
Adds a string to the end of the server log entry
BinaryWrite
Writes data directly to the output without any character conversion
Clear
Clears any buffered HTML output
End
Stops processing a script, and returns the current result
Flush
Sends buffered HTML output immediately
Redirect
Redirects the user to a different URL
Write
Writes a specified string to the output
ASP Request Object
The ASP Request object is used to get information from the user.
QueryString Collection Examples Send query information when a user clicks on a link This example demonstrates how to send some extra query information to a page within a link, and retrieve that information on the destination page (which is, in this example, the same page). A QueryString collection in its simplest use This example demonstrates how the QueryString collection retrieves the values from a form. The form uses the GET method, which means that the information sent is visible to everybody (in the address field). The GET method also limits the amount of information that can be sent. How to use information from forms This example demonstrates how to use the values retrieved from a form. We use the QueryString collection. The form uses the get method.
More information from a form This example demonstrates what the QueryString contains if several input fields have the same name. It shows how to separate input fields with equal names from each other. It also shows how to use the Count keyword to count the "name" property. The form uses the get method.
Form Collection Examples A form collection in its simplest use This example demonstrates how the Form collection retrieves the values from a form. The form uses the POST method, which means that the information sent is invisible to others, and it has no limits (you can send a large amount of information). How to use information from forms This example demonstrates how to use the values retrieved from a form. We use the Form collection. The form uses the post method. More information from a form This example demonstrates what the Form collection contains if several input fields have the same name. It shows how to separate input fields with equal names from each other. It also shows how to use the Count keyword to count the "name" property. The form uses the post method. A form with radio buttons This example demonstrates how to interact with the user through radio buttons, with the Form collection. The form uses the post method. A form with checkboxes This example demonstrates how to interact with the user through checkboxes, with the Form collection. The form uses the post method.
Other Examples Get the server variables This example demonstrates how to find out the visitors (yours) browser type, IP address, and more with the ServerVariables collection. Create a welcome cookie This example demonstrates how to create a Welcome Cookie with the Cookies Collection. Find the total number of bytes the user sent This example demonstrates how to use the TotalBytes property to find out the total number of bytes the user sent in the Request object.
Request Object When a browser asks for a page from a server, it is called a request. The ASP Request object is used to get information from the user. Its collections, properties, and methods are described below:
Collections Collection
Description
ClientCertificate
Contains all the field values stored in the client certificate
Cookies
Contains all the cookie values sent in a HTTP request
Form
Contains all the form (input) values from a form that uses the post method
QueryString
Contains all the variable values in a HTTP query string
ServerVariables
Contains all the server variable values
Properties Property
Description
TotalBytes
Returns the total number of bytes the client sent in the body of the request
Methods Method
Description
BinaryRead
Retrieves the data sent to the server from the client as part of a post request and stores it in a safe array
ASP Application Object
A group of ASP files that work together to perform some purpose is called an application. The Application object in ASP is used to tie these files together.
Application Object An application on the Web may be a group of ASP files. The ASP files work together to perform some purpose. The Application object in ASP is used to tie these files together. The Application object is used to store and access variables from any page, just like the Session object. The difference is that ALL users share one Application object, while with Sessions there is one Session object for EACH user. The Application object should hold information that will be used by many pages in the application (like database connection information). This means that you can access the information from any page. It also means that you can change the information in one place and the changes will automatically be reflected on all pages. The Application object's collections, methods, and events are described below:
Collections Collection
Description
Contents
Contains all the items appended to the application through a script command
StaticObjects
Contains all the objects appended to the application with the HTML tag
Methods Method
Description
Contents.Remove
Deletes an item from the Contents collection
Contents.RemoveAll()
Deletes all items from the Contents collection
Lock
Prevents other users from modifying the variables in the Application
object Unlock
Enables other users to modify the variables in the Application object (after it has been locked using the Lock method)
Events Event
Description
Application_OnEnd
Occurs when all user sessions are over, and the application ends
Application_OnStart
Occurs before the first new session is created (when the Application object is first referenced)
ASP Session Object
The Session object is used to store information about, or change settings for a user session. Variables stored in the Session object hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in one application.
Examples Set and return the LCID This example demonstrates the "LCID" property. This property sets or returns an integer that specifies a location or region. Contents like date, time, and currency will be displayed according to that location or region. Return the SessionID This example demonstrates the "SessionID" property. This property returns a unique id for each user. The id is generated by the server. A session's timeout This example demonstrates the "Timeout" property. This example sets and returns the timeout (in minutes) for the session.
Session Object When you are working with an application, you open it, do some changes and then you close it. This is much like a Session. The computer knows who you are. It knows when you start the application and when you end. But on the internet there is one problem: the web server does not know who you are and what you do because the HTTP address doesn't maintain state. ASP solves this problem by creating a unique cookie for each user. The cookie is sent to the client and it contains information that identifies the user. This interface is called the Session object. The Session object is used to store information about, or change settings for a user session. Variables stored in the Session object hold information about one single user, and are available to all pages in one application. Common information stored in session variables are name, id, and preferences. The server creates a new Session object for each new user, and destroys the Session object when the session expires. The Session object's collections, properties, methods, and events are described below:
Collections Collection
Description
Contents
Contains all the items appended to the session through a script command
StaticObjects
Contains all the objects appended to the session with the HTML tag
Properties Property
Description
CodePage
Specifies the character set that will be used when displaying dynamic content
LCID
Sets or returns an integer that specifies a location or region. Contents like date, time, and currency will be displayed according to that location or region
SessionID
Returns a unique id for each user. The unique id is generated by the server
Timeout
Sets or returns the timeout period (in minutes) for the Session object in this application
Methods Method
Description
Abandon
Destroys a user session
Contents.Remove
Deletes an item from the Contents collection
Contents.RemoveAll()
Deletes all items from the Contents collection
Events Event
Description
Session_OnEnd
Occurs when a session ends
Session_OnStart
Occurs when a session starts
ASP Server Object
The ASP Server object is used to access properties and methods on the server.
Examples When was a file last modified? Checks when this file was last modified. Open a text file for reading This example opens the file "Textfile.txt" for reading.
Homemade hit counter This example reads a number from a file, adds 1 to the number, and writes the number back to the file.
Server Object The ASP Server object is used to access properties and methods on the server. Its properties and methods are described below:
Properties Property
Description
ScriptTimeout
Sets or returns the maximum number of seconds a script can run before it is terminated
Methods Method
Description
CreateObject
Creates an instance of an object
Execute
Executes an ASP file from inside another ASP file
GetLastError()
Returns an ASPError object that describes the error condition that occurred
HTMLEncode
Applies HTML encoding to a specified string
MapPath
Maps a specified path to a physical path
Transfer
Sends (transfers) all the information created in one ASP file to a second ASP file
URLEncode
Applies URL encoding rules to a specified string
ASP ASPError Object
The ASPError object is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs in scripts in an ASP page.
The ASPError Object The ASPError object was implemented in ASP 3.0 and is available in IIS5 and later. The ASPError object is used to display detailed information of any error that occurs in scripts in an ASP page. The ASPError object is created when Server.GetLastError is called, so the error information can only be accessed by using the Server.GetLastError method. The ASPError object's properties are described below (all properties are read-only): Note: The properties below can only be accessed through the Server.GetLastError() method.
Properties Property
Description
ASPCode
Returns an error code generated by IIS
ASPDescription
Returns a detailed description of the error (if the error is ASP-related)
Category
Returns the source of the error (was the error generated by ASP? By a scripting language? By an object?)
Column
Returns the column position within the file that generated the error
Description
Returns a short description of the error
File
Returns the name of the ASP file that generated the error
Line
Returns the line number where the error was detected
Number
Returns the standard COM error code for the error
Source
Returns the actual source code of the line where the error occurred
ASP FileSystemObject Object
The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on the server.
Examples Does a specified file exist? This example demonstrates how to first create a FileSystemObject Object, and then use the FileExists method to check if the file exists. Does a specified folder exist? This example demonstrates how to use the FolderExists method to check if a folder exists. Does a specified drive exist? This example demonstrates how to use the DriveExists method to check if a drive exists. Get the name of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the GetDriveName method to get the name of a specified drive. Get the name of the parent folder of a specified path This example demonstrates how to use the GetParentFolderName method to get the name of the parent folder of a specified path. Get the file extension This example demonstrates how to use the GetExtensionName method to get the file extension of the last component in a specified path. Get file name This example demonstrates how to use the GetFileName method to get the file name of the last component in a specified path. Get the base name of a file or folder This example demonstrates how to use the GetBaseName method to return the base name of the file or folder, in a specified path.
The FileSystemObject Object
The FileSystemObject object is used to access the file system on the server. This object can manipulate files, folders, and directory paths. It is also possible to retrieve file system information with this object. The following code creates a text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text to the file: <% dim fs,fname set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") set fname=fs.CreateTextFile("c:\test.txt",true) fname.WriteLine("Hello World!") fname.Close set fname=nothing set fs=nothing %> The FileSystemObject object's properties and methods are described below:
Properties Property
Description
Drives
Returns a collection of all Drive objects on the computer
Methods Method
Description
BuildPath
Appends a name to an existing path
CopyFile
Copies one or more files from one location to another
CopyFolder
Copies one or more folders from one location to another
CreateFolder
Creates a new folder
CreateTextFile
Creates a text file and returns a TextStream object that can be used to read from, or write to the file
DeleteFile
Deletes one or more specified files
DeleteFolder
Deletes one or more specified folders
DriveExists
Checks if a specified drive exists
FileExists
Checks if a specified file exists
FolderExists
Checks if a specified folder exists
GetAbsolutePathName
Returns the complete path from the root of the drive for the specified path
GetBaseName
Returns the base name of a specified file or folder
GetDrive
Returns a Drive object corresponding to the drive in a specified path
GetDriveName
Returns the drive name of a specified path
GetExtensionName
Returns the file extension name for the last component in a specified path
GetFile
Returns a File object for a specified path
GetFileName
Returns the file name or folder name for the last component in a specified path
GetFolder
Returns a Folder object for a specified path
GetParentFolderName
Returns the name of the parent folder of the last component in a specified path
GetSpecialFolder
Returns the path to some of Windows' special folders
GetTempName
Returns a randomly generated temporary file or folder
MoveFile
Moves one or more files from one location to another
MoveFolder
Moves one or more folders from one location to another
OpenTextFile
Opens a file and returns a TextStream object that can be used to access the file
ASP TextStream Object
The TextStream object is used to access the contents of a text file.
Examples Read textfile This example demonstrates how to use the OpenTextFile method of the FileSystemObject to create a TextStream Object. The ReadAll method of the TextStream Object reads from the opened text file. Read only a part of a textfile This example demonstrates how to only read a part of a TextStream file. Read one line of a textfile This example demonstrates how to read one line from a TextStream file. Read all lines from a textfile This example demonstrates how to read all the lines from a TextStream file. Skip a part of a textfile This example demonstrates how to skip a specified number of characters when reading the TextStream file. Skip a line of a textfile This example demonstrates how to skip a line when reading the TextStream file. Return line-number This example demonstrates how to return the current line number in a TextStream file. Get column number This example demonstrates how to get the column number of the current character in a file.
The TextStream Object The TextStream object is used to access the contents of text files. The following code creates a text file (c:\test.txt) and then writes some text to the file (the variable f is an instance of the TextStream object):
<% dim fs, f set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") set f=fs.CreateTextFile("c:\test.txt",true) f.WriteLine("Hello World!")
f.Close set f=nothing set fs=nothing %> To create an instance of the TextStream object you can use the CreateTextFile or OpenTextFile methods of the FileSystemObject object, or you can use the OpenAsTextStream method of the File object. The TextStream object's properties and methods are described below:
Properties Property
Description
AtEndOfLine
Returns true if the file pointer is positioned immediately before the end-ofline marker in a TextStream file, and false if not
AtEndOfStream
Returns true if the file pointer is at the end of a TextStream file, and false if not
Column
Returns the column number of the current character position in an input stream
Line
Returns the current line number in a TextStream file
Methods Method
Description
Close
Closes an open TextStream file
Read
Reads a specified number of characters from a TextStream file and returns the result
ReadAll
Reads an entire TextStream file and returns the result
ReadLine
Reads one line from a TextStream file and returns the result
Skip
Skips a specified number of characters when reading a TextStream file
SkipLine
Skips the next line when reading a TextStream file
Write
Writes a specified text to a TextStream file
WriteLine
Writes a specified text and a new-line character to a TextStream file
WriteBlankLines
Writes a specified number of new-line character to a TextStream file
ASP Drive Object
The Drive object is used to return information about a local disk drive or a network share.
Examples Get the available space of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to first create a FileSystemObject object, and then use the AvailableSpace property to get the available space of a specified drive. Get the free space of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the FreeSpace property to get the free space of a specified drive.
Get the total size of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the TotalSize property to get the total size of a specified drive. Get the drive letter of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the DriveLetter property to get the drive letter of a specified drive. Get the drive type of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the DriveType property to get the drive type of a specified drive. Get the file system of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the FileSystem property to get the file system of a specified drive. Is the drive ready? This example demonstrates how to use the IsReady property to check whether a specified drive is ready. Get the path of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the Path property to get the path of a specified drive. Get the root folder of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the RootFolder property to get the root folder of a specified drive. Get the serialnumber of a specified drive This example demonstrates how to use the Serialnumber property to get the serialnumber of a specified drive.
The Drive Object The Drive object is used to return information about a local disk drive or a network share. The Drive object can return information about a drive's type of file system, free space, serial number, volume name, and more. Note: You cannot return information about a drive's content with the Drive object. For this purpose you will have to use the Folder object. To work with the properties of the Drive object, you will have to create an instance of the Drive object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject object and then instantiate the Drive object through the GetDrive method or the Drives property of the FileSystemObject object. The following example uses the GetDrive method of the FileSystemObject object to instantiate the Drive object and the TotalSize property to return the total size in bytes of the specified drive (c:):
<% Dim fs,d Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set d=fs.GetDrive("c:") Response.Write("Drive " & d & ":") Response.Write("Total size in bytes: " & d.TotalSize) set d=nothing set fs=nothing
%> Output: Drive c: Total size in bytes: 4293563392 The Drive object's properties are described below:
Properties Property
Description
AvailableSpace
Returns the amount of available space to a user on a specified drive or network share
DriveLetter
Returns one uppercase letter that identifies the local drive or a network share
DriveType
Returns the type of a specified drive
FileSystem
Returns the file system in use for a specified drive
FreeSpace
Returns the amount of free space to a user on a specified drive or network share
IsReady
Returns true if the specified drive is ready and false if not
Path
Returns an uppercase letter followed by a colon that indicates the path name for a specified drive
RootFolder
Returns a Folder object that represents the root folder of a specified drive
SerialNumber
Returns the serial number of a specified drive
ShareName
Returns the network share name for a specified drive
TotalSize
Returns the total size of a specified drive or network share
VolumeName
Sets or returns the volume name of a specified drive
ASP File Object
The File object is used to return information about a specified file.
Examples When was the file created? This example demonstrates how to first create a FileSystemObject object, and then use the DateCreated property of the File object to get the date and time a specified file was created. When was the file last modified? This example demonstrates how to use the DateLastModified property to get the date and time a specified file was last modified. When was the file last accessed? This example demonstrates how to use the DateLastAccessed property to get the date and time a specified file was last accessed. Return the attributes of a specified file This example demonstrates how to use the Attributes property to return the attributes of a specified file.
The File Object The File object is used to return information about a specified file. To work with the properties and methods of the File object, you will have to create an instance of the File object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject object and then instantiate the File object through the GetFile method of the FileSystemObject object or through the Files property of the Folder object. The following code uses the GetFile method of the FileSystemObject object to instantiate the File object and the DateCreated property to return the date when the specified file was created:
<% Dim fs,f Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set f=fs.GetFile("c:\test.txt") Response.Write("File created: " & f.DateCreated) set f=nothing set fs=nothing %> Output:
File created: 9/19/2001 10:01:19 AM The File object's properties and methods are described below:
Properties Property
Description
Attributes
Sets or returns the attributes of a specified file
DateCreated
Returns the date and time when a specified file was created
DateLastAccessed
Returns the date and time when a specified file was last accessed
DateLastModified
Returns the date and time when a specified file was last modified
Drive
Returns the drive letter of the drive where a specified file or folder resides
Name
Sets or returns the name of a specified file
ParentFolder
Returns the folder object for the parent of the specified file
Path
Returns the path for a specified file
ShortName
Returns the short name of a specified file (the 8.3 naming convention)
ShortPath
Returns the short path of a specified file (the 8.3 naming convention)
Size
Returns the size, in bytes, of a specified file
Type
Returns the type of a specified file
Methods Method
Description
Copy
Copies a specified file from one location to another
Delete
Deletes a specified file
Move
Moves a specified file from one location to another
OpenAsTextStream
Opens a specified file and returns a TextStream object to access the file
ASP Folder Object
The Folder Object is used to return information about a specified folder.
The Folder Object The Folder object is used to return information about a specified folder. To work with the properties and methods of the Folder object, you will have to create an instance of the Folder object through the FileSystemObject object. First; create a FileSystemObject object and then instantiate the Folder object through the GetFolder method of the FileSystemObject object. The following code uses the GetFolder method of the FileSystemObject object to instantiate the Folder object and the DateCreated property to return the date when the specified folder was created:
<% Dim fs,fo Set fs=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject") Set fo=fs.GetFolder("c:\test") Response.Write("Folder created: " & fo.DateCreated) set fo=nothing set fs=nothing %> Output:
Folder created: 10/22/2001 10:01:19 AM The Folder object's collections, properties, and methods are described below:
Collections Collection
Description
Files
Returns a collection of all the files in a specified folder
SubFolders
Returns a collection of all subfolders in a specified folder
Properties Property
Description
Attributes
Sets or returns the attributes of a specified folder
DateCreated
Returns the date and time when a specified folder was created
DateLastAccessed
Returns the date and time when a specified folder was last accessed
DateLastModified
Returns the date and time when a specified folder was last modified
Drive
Returns the drive letter of the drive where the specified folder resides
IsRootFolder
Returns true if a folder is the root folder and false if not
Name
Sets or returns the name of a specified folder
ParentFolder
Returns the parent folder of a specified folder
Path
Returns the path for a specified folder
ShortName
Returns the short name of a specified folder (the 8.3 naming convention)
ShortPath
Returns the short path of a specified folder (the 8.3 naming convention)
Size
Returns the size of a specified folder
Type
Returns the type of a specified folder
Methods Method
Description
Copy
Copies a specified folder from one location to another
Delete
Deletes a specified folder
Move
Moves a specified folder from one location to another
CreateTextFile
Creates a new text file in the specified folder and returns a TextStream object to access the file
ASP Dictionary Object
The Dictionary object is used to store information in name/value pairs (referred to as key and item)
Examples Does a specified key exist? This example demonstrates how to first create a Dictionary object, and then use the Exists method to check if a specified key exists. Return an array of all items This example demonstrates how to use the Items method to return an array of all the items. Return an array of all keys This example demonstrates how to use the Keys method to return an array of all the keys. Return the value of an item This example demonstrates how to use the Item property to return the value of an item. Set a key This example demonstrates how to use the Key property to set a key in a Dictionary object. Return the number of key/item pairs This example demonstrates how to use the Count property to return the number of key/item pairs.
The Dictionary Object The Dictionary object is used to store information in name/value pairs (referred to as key and item). The Dictionary object might seem similar to Arrays, however, the Dictionary object is a more desirable solution to manipulate related data. Comparing Dictionaries and Arrays:
•
Keys are used to identify the items in a Dictionary object
• • • • • •
You do not have to call ReDim to change the size of the Dictionary object When deleting an item from a Dictionary, the remaining items will automatically shift up Dictionaries cannot be multidimensional, Arrays can Dictionaries have more built-in functions than Arrays Dictionaries work better than arrays on accessing random elements frequently Dictionaries work better than arrays on locating items by their content
The following example creates a Dictionary object, adds some key/item pairs to it, and retrieves the item value for the key gr:
<% Dim d Set d=Server.CreateObject("Scripting.Dictionary") d.Add "re","Red" d.Add "gr","Green" d.Add "bl","Blue" d.Add "pi","Pink" Response.Write("The value of key gr is: " & d.Item("gr")) %> Output:
The value of key gr is: Green The Dictionary object's properties and methods are described below:
Properties Property
Description
CompareMode
Sets or returns the comparison mode for comparing keys in a Dictionary object
Count
Returns the number of key/item pairs in a Dictionary object
Item
Sets or returns the value of an item in a Dictionary object
Key
Sets a new key value for an existing key value in a Dictionary object
Methods Method
Description
Add
Adds a new key/item pair to a Dictionary object
Exists
Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether a specified key exists in the Dictionary object
Items
Returns an array of all the items in a Dictionary object
Keys
Returns an array of all the keys in a Dictionary object
Remove
Removes one specified key/item pair from the Dictionary object
RemoveAll
Removes all the key/item pairs in the Dictionary object
Introduction to ADO
ADO can be used to access databases from your web pages.
Accessing a Database from an ASP Page The common way to access a database from inside an ASP page is to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Create an ADO connection to a database Open the database connection Create an ADO recordset Open the recordset Extract the data you need from the recordset Close the recordset Close the connection
What is ADO? • • • • •
ADO is a Microsoft technology ADO stands for ActiveX Data Objects ADO is a Microsoft Active-X component ADO is automatically installed with Microsoft IIS ADO is a programming interface to access data in a database
Where to go next? If you want to study more ADO, read our ADO tutorial.