Arabic Alphabet

Keyed letter

Letter

Initial

Medial

Final

A

@

H@ .

H AK. .

AK.

b

H .

ÉK.

t

 IK .

ÉJ.Ë  IK. .

IË .

 H

 IK.

v

 H

 IK .

 IK. .

 IK.

j

h .

Ik . .

Ij K . . .

iK. .

H

h

Ik .

x

p

IjK. . IjK. .

iK.

Ik .

d

X

*

X

HX . HX .

H YK. . H YK. .

YK. YK.

r

P

HP .

H QK. .

QK.

z

P

HP .

H QK. .

QK.

s

€

Iƒ .

I‚. .

.

$

 €

 Iƒ .

 I‚. .

 .

S



I“ .

I’. .

‘.

D



I“ .

I’. .

‘.

T

 

I£ .

I¢. .

¡.

Z

 

I£ .

I¢. .

¡.

E

¨

IªK. .

g f

¬

q

 †

I« . I« . I¯ .  I¯ .

©K.

¨

IªK. . I®K. .  I®K. .

©K. ­K.  ‡K.

k

¼

I» .

IºK. .

½K.

l

È

IË .

IÊK. .

ÉK.

m

Ð

IÓ .

n

IK .

IÒK. . IK. .

ÑK.

à

áK .

h

è

Ië .

IîE. .

éK.

w

ð

Hð .

H ñK. .

ñK.

y

ø

IK .

I K . .

ùK.

qK.

1. Notice that there are six letters that can link to the preceding letter, but never to the following letter: @, X, X, P, P , and ð. 2. There is a special ligature

B

for

È

followed by @.

Two letter forms appear only at the ends of words. 2

Keyed letter

Unlinked

Linked

p

 è

 éK.

Y

ø

ùK.

Diacritical marks appear either above or below the letters. In the following table, the horizontal bar indicates the position of the letter in relation to the diacritical. An example with the letter H follows; note that the diacritical should . be entered after the letter. Keyed letter

Symbol

Keyed combination

Symbol on letter

o

 

bo

 H .

a

 

ba

 H .

i

 

bi

u



bu

H . H .

F

 

bF

 H .

K

bK

   

N

or two stacked



signs

H . 

bN

 H .

~

 

b~

 H .

‘

 

b‘

 H .

Diacriticals can also be combined. The sequence

 H .

would be keyed b~a.

Two diacriticals are only seen with the letter @. 

1. 2.

@

should be keyed A=.

@

with a tailed loop above it should be keyed A@.

The symbol

Z

by itself should be keyed ’. It may even take diactricals, so

 Z

that should be keyed ’a. Often, however, this symbol appears above or below another letter. The symbol Z above the letter should be keyed ^. A Z below the letter should be keyed _. Thus

@

would be keyed A^ and

would be keyed w^ and letter 

ø



ø

@

would be keyed A_. Likewise

would be keyed y^. Note that with a

Z

ð

above it, the

loses its dots. Other diacriticals can be added to these combinations,

so @ would be A^a and @ would be A_i. 

3