Aqueous Acids11 2examp 2tests

By John Weide with modifications by Ken Costello

• There is a systematic process in the naming of inorganic acids. Probably the most significant problem is the variation of charges for the negative ions. • For example Na HCl-1 Na HNO -1 3 Na H22 SO4-2 Na H33 PO4-3

chloride ion nitrate ion sulfate ion phosphate ion

• Another significant problem is that many of the other polyatomic ions with the same endings on their names have a different number of oxygen atoms attached to the central atom. • For example chlorate ClO3-1 sulfate

SO4-2

phosphate PO4-3 acetate

C2H3O2-1

• Rather than memorize all the polyatomic ions it is much more useful to learn their trends in the naming scheme. There are numerous patterns within a homologous series. • For example » ClO4-1

perchlorate

» ClO3-1

chlorate

» ClO2-1

chlorite

» ClO-1 » Cl-1

hypochlorite chloride (not a polyatomic ion)

All the names contain chlor indicating All the ions contain one chlorine All have a minus one charge that the ion contains chlorine atom

The oxy-ions of chlorine, bromine and iodine all have these trends in common. Look for them below…… perchlorate

ClO4

-1

chlorate

ClO3

-1

chlorite

ClO2

-1

hypochlorite

ClO

-1

Perbromate

BrO4-1

Periodate

Bromate

BrO3-1

IO4-1

Iodate

Bromite

BrO2-1

IO3-1

Iodite

IO2-1

Hypobromite BrO-1

Hypoiodite IO-1

The most productive method of committing these ions to memory is first memorize the ones that have the _____ate ending. This is the most common ending.

POLYATOMIC IONS Ions with -1 charge perbromate BrO4-1

nitrate

NO3-1

sulfite

SO3-2

nitrite

chromate

bromate

BrO3-1

NO2-1

CrO4-2

BrO2-1

Cr2O7-2

oxalate

hypobromite perchlorate

BrO-1 ClO4-1

OH-1 CN-1 SCN-1 C2H3O2-1

dichromate

bromite

hydroxide cyanide thiocyanate acetate

C2O4-2

peroxide

O2-2

chlorate

ClO3-1

chlorite

ClO2-1

hypochlorite periodate

ClO-1 IO4-1

iodate

IO3-1

iodite

IO2-1

hypoiodite

IO-1

permanganate MnO4-1 bicarbonate

HCO3-1

Ions with a -2 Charge carbonate CO3-2 phthalate

C8H4O4-2

sulfate

SO4-2

Ions with a -3 Charge phosphate PO4-3 phosphite

PO3-3

arsenate

AsO4-3

Ions with +1 charge ammonium ion NH4+1

The table below shows the prefixes and suffixes that tell the number of oxygen atoms present in the negative ion.

Salt metal

polyatomic ion

# Oxygen

________

per_____ate

4

________

_____ate

3

________

_____ite

2

________ hypo_____ite

1

________

0

atoms

_____ide

REMEMBER the aqueous acid names are simply an extension of the salt names.

metal

Salt

polyatomic ion

Aqueous Acid

hydrogen

polyatomic ion

________

per_____ate

per_____ic acid

________

_____ate

_____ic acid

________

_____ite

_____ous acid

________ hypo_____ite

hypo______ous acid

________

_____ide

hydro______ic acid

To transform the metal per____ate salt into its corresponding aqueous acid name: 1) The name of the metal is dropped 2) The -ate ending is replaced with –ic 3) The word acid is added to the name For example: potassium perchlorate > perchloric acid KClO4(s) > HClO4 (aq)

metal

Salt

polyatomic ion

Aqueous Acid

hydrogen

polyatomic ion

________

per_____ate

per_____ic acid

________

_____ate

_____ic acid

________

_____ite

_____ous acid

________ hypo_____ite

hypo______ous acid

hydro______ic acid ________ _____ide To transform the metal _____ate salt into its corresponding aqueous acid name: 1) The name of the metal is dropped 2) The -ate ending is replaced with –ic 3) The word acid is added to the name For example: sodium acetate > acetic acid NaC2H3O2(s) > HC2H3O2(aq)

metal

Salt

polyatomic ion

Aqueous Acid

hydrogen

polyatomic ion

________

per_____ate

per_____ic acid

________

_____ate

_____ic acid

________

_____ite

_____ous acid

________ hypo_____ite

hypo______ous acid

hydro______ic acid ________ _____ide To transform the metal_____ite salt into its corresponding aqueous acid name: 1) The name of the metal is dropped 2) The -ite ending is replaced with –ous 3) The word acid is added to the name For example: ammonium nitrite > nitrous acid NH4NO2(s) > HNO2(aq)

metal

Salt

polyatomic ion

Aqueous Acid

hydrogen

polyatomic ion

________

per_____ate

per_____ic acid

________

_____ate

_____ic acid

________

_____ite

_____ous acid

________ hypo_____ite

hypo______ous acid

________

_____ide

hydro______ic acid

To transform the metal hypo_____ite salt into its corresponding aqueous acid name: 1) The name of the metal is dropped 2) The -ite ending is replaced with –ous 3) The word acid is added to the name For example:

lithium hypoiodite > hypoiodous acid LiIO (s) > HIO (aq)

metal

Salt

polyatomic ion

Aqueous Acid

hydrogen

polyatomic ion

________

per_____ate

per_____ic acid

________

_____ate

_____ic acid

________

_____ite

_____ous acid

________ hypo_____ite

hypo______ous acid

________

_____ide

hydro______ic acid

To transform the metal _____ide salt into its corresponding aqueous acid name: 1) The name of the metal is dropped 2) The -ide ending is replaced with hydro____ic 3) The word acid is added to the name For example:

silver bromide > hydrobromic acid AgBr(s) > HBr(aq)

Example #1-Names to Formulas 1.Determine the formula & charge of the polyatomic ion 2. Add hydrogen ions 3. Balance charge with ions 4. Add the subscript: (aq)

chloric acid chlorate

H ClO +1

-1 =0 3 (aq)

Final Formula

Examples #1-

Formulas to Names

1. The hydrogen out front & the (aq) subscript indicates an acid 2. Determine the ion and it’s acid ending.

HBrO2(aq )

bromite bromous ____________

acid

Final Name

Practice Problem #1 HIO4(aq) Choose the correct name for the compound 1. iodic acid 2. iodous acid 3. periodic acid 4. hydrogen periodate 5. none of the above Ion list

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Practice Problem #2 hydrobromic acid Choose the correct formula for the compound 1.

HBrO(aq)

2.

HBr(aq)

3.

HBrO3(aq)

4. HBrO2(aq) 5. none of the above Ion list

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PRACTICE • Refer to pages 159-166 for practice problems related to nomenclature. • Refer to page 15 for list of common polyatomic ions. • Refer to page 12 for charges • Or Use Periodic Table for charges

POLYATOMIC IONS Ions with -1 charge perbromate BrO4-1

nitrate

NO3-1

sulfite

SO3-2

nitrite

chromate

bromate

BrO3-1

NO2-1

CrO4-2

BrO2-1

Cr2O7-2

oxalate

hypobromite perchlorate

BrO-1 ClO4-1

OH-1 CN-1 SCN-1 C2H3O2-1

dichromate

bromite

hydroxide cyanide thiocyanate acetate

C2O4-2

peroxide

O2-2

chlorate

ClO3-1

chlorite

ClO2-1

hypochlorite periodate

ClO-1 IO4-1

iodate

IO3-1

iodite

IO2-1

hypoiodite

IO-1

permanganate MnO4-1 bicarbonate

HCO3-1

Ions with a -2 Charge carbonate CO3-2 phthalate

C8H4O4-2

sulfate

SO4-2

Ions with a -3 Charge phosphate PO4-3 phosphite

PO3-3

arsenate

AsO4-3

Ions with +1 charge ammonium ion NH4+1

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