Ap Art History Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt

AP Art History Chapter 3 Q-Cards: Ancient Egypt

Palette of King Narmer D: ca. 2950 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Early Dynastic Period A: Unknown artist Pa: King Narmer M/T: Stone F: Commemorate the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Show Osiris giving power to King Narmer DT: Narmer on both sides of palette combines profile views of his head, legs, and arms with front views of his eye and torso. Ideas: To ensure safety and happiness in the afterlife.

Diagram of a Mastana Tomb p. 59 Figure 3-3 D: ca. 2500 BCE P/S: Egyptian Early Dynastic Period F: Egyptians buried their dead here. D/T: simple tomb with four sloping sides and an entrance for mourners. Shaft connects chamber to outside. Ideas: obsession with the dead. Spirit of Ka will live on in the afterlife.

Stepped Pyramid of King Djoser D: ca. 2950 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Early Dynastic Period A: Imhotep Pa: King Djoser L: Saqqara, Egypt M/T: Stone, Limestone F: Tomb in order to protect King’s remains. Symbolizes absolute & godlike power. DT: Designed as if 6 mastaba-like stacked upon each other. Ideas: Believe that they were creating a stairway to the sun god Ra. House for the ka.

Great Pyramids, Gizeh p. 62 Figure 3-8 D: ca. 2500 BCE P/S: Old Kingdom L: Gizeh, Egypt F: Giant monuments for the dead pharaohs. Pharaoh buried within the pyramid. M/T: huge pile of limestone D/T: giant monuments. Each pyramid had an enjoining mortuary temple. Each side oriented to a point on a compass. Ideas: symbols of the sun.

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AP Art History Chapter 3 Q-Cards: Ancient Egypt Ideas: statue of eternity. Strict Egyptian canon of proportions.

Great Sphinx D: ca. 2500 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Old Kingdom A: Unknown Pa: Pharaoh (Khafre?) L: Gizeh, Egypt F: Tomb in order to protect King’s remains. Symbolizes absolute & godlike power. DT: Joins the body of a lion with the head of a pharaoh. Associated with the sun god, (honoring sun god?) Ideas: Combines human intelligence with the strength and authority of a lion.

Khafre, from Gizeh p. 65 Figure 3-12 D: ca. 2500 BCE P/S: Old Kingdom L: Egyptian Museum, Cairo F: symbol of a united Egypt in the interlocking of lotus and papyrus plants at the base. M/T: diorite D/T: idealized features and body. Falcon god Horus is behind Khafre, protecting him, frontal symmetrical, rigid, motionless, cubic.

Menkaure and Khamerernebty D: ca. 2500 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Old Kingdom A: Unknown Pa: Menkaure and Khamerernebty L: Menkaure’s Valley Temple F: Substitute homes for the ka of the pharaoh and queen. DT: Sculptor reveals queens curves of her body under her garment. Rigid, Stiff. Ideas: Substitute homes for the ka of the pharaoh and queen. Posture suggests timeless nature.

Seated Scribe p.66; Figure 3-14 D: ca. 2500 BCE P/S: Old Kingdom F: sculpture for a mustaba D/T: wooden sculpture with sagging chest and realistic rather than idealistic. Color remains. Attentive expression, thin, angular face. Ideas: Egyptian Realism

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AP Art History Chapter 3 Q-Cards: Ancient Egypt Ideas: pessimistic mood in the Middle Kingdom. Realism.

Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt D: ca. 2500 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Old Kingdom A: Unknown Pa: Ti M/T: Limestone L: Mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, Egypt F: Limestone Relief to decorate the interior walls & ceilings of the tombs of wealthy families. DT: Traditional Composite View. Hunting scene Ideas: Triumph of good (Ti) over evil (Seth). Hippos represent destruction of crops. Metaphor for triumph over the forces of evil.

Head of Senusret III P.69 Figure 3-18 D: ca. 1800 BCE P/S: Middle Kingdom L: Egyptian Museum, Cairo F: reflect period of unrest D/T: Moody look in the eyes and mouth. Depressed instead of heroic, firm chin, folds of flesh between brows and corners of nose and mouth.

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut D: ca. 1500 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: New Kingdom A: Senmut (?) Pa: Hatshepsut L: Deir el-Bahri, Egypt F: Shrine provided the ruler with a place for worshiping their patron gods during their lifetime and then served as temples in their own honor after death. DT: Integrated into natural setting, three colonnaded terraces connected by ramps on the central axis. Ideas: Reliefs depicts Hatshepsut’s divine birth.

Hatshepsut with offering jars p. 72 Figure 3-22 D: ca. 1500 BCE P/S: New Kingdom L: Deir-el-Bahri, Egypt F: portray Hatshepsut as a male king D/T: holding globular offering jar in each hand. Hatshepsut is wearing royal male nemes headdress. Figure is anatomically male. Ideas: male imagery of a woman 3

AP Art History Chapter 3 Q-Cards: Ancient Egypt

Temple of Ramses II D: ca. 1500 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: New Kingdom Pa: Ramses II L: Abu Simbel, Egypt M/T: Sandstone F: proclaims Ramses II greatness by placing 4 colossal images of himself on the temple DT: Stiff rigid eternal Ideas: Power and eternal being would never die off

Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Amen Re p. 75 Figure 3-26 D: ca. 1200 BCE P/S: New Kingdom L: Karnak, Egypt F: glorify Egypt’s rulers D/T: massive columns and roofed by stone slabs, central columns are 66 ft high and capitals are 22 ft in diameter. Ideas: raising the roof’s sentral section created a clerestory. Permits sunlight to enter in the interior.

Akhenaton D: ca. 1380 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Amarna Period Pa: Akhenaton L: Temple of Aton Karnak, Egypt M/T: Sandstone F: Pharaoh claimed to be the son & sole prophet of Aton. DT: Effeminate body Curving contours Long face Full lips Heavy-lidded eyes Weak arms Narrow waist Protruding belly Wide hips Fatty thighs. Ideas: Declared Aton the only god Sun disk is sexless so is he.

Nefertiti p. 78 Figure 3-33 D: ca. 1300 BCE P/S: Amarna Period L: Tell-el-Armana, Egypt F: portray Akhenaton’s queen M/T: Painted Limestone D/T: long-ellegant neck, realistic face, deliberately unfinished Ideas: Idealistic image of a women.

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AP Art History Chapter 3 Q-Cards: Ancient Egypt Ideas: Royal Intimacy

Queen Tiye D: ca. 1380 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Amarna Period Pa: Queen Tiye L: Gurob, Egypt M/T: Wood, with gold, silver, alabaster, and lapis lazuli DT: Relaxation of artistic rules. Shown as an older woman with lines in her face heavy eye lids Ideas: Dark yew wood was chosen to match her complexion

Akhenaton and his Family p. 79 Figure 3-35 D: ca. 1300 BCE P/S: Armana Period L: Tell el-Armana, Egypt\ F: portray an informal perspective of Akhenaton and his royal family M/T: Limestone D/T: sunken-relief style stele. Curves instead of rigid lines, prominent bellies. Pharaoh, wife, and three daughters. Aton the sun disk.

King Tutankhamen (Death Mask and Inner Coffin) D: ca. 1380 BCE P/S: Ancient Egypt: Amarna Period Pa: King Tutankhamen L: Thebes, Egypt M/T: Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones. F: Expressive of Egyptian power, pride, & influence. DT: Innermost of 3 coffins1/4 ton of gold Semiprecious stones (lapis lazuli, turquoise, & carnelian)Godlike (portrays Tutankhamen as Osiris) Ideas: Housed the ka protected the body in order to have a happy afterlife.

Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer p. 81 Figure 3-39 D: ca. 1300 BCE P/S: Amarna Period L: Thebes, Egypt F: represent final judgment of deceased M/T: Painted Papyrus scroll D/T: formality of stance, shape, and attitude of traditional Egyptian art. Ideas: Narrative, Composite view 5

AP Art History Chapter 3 Q-Cards: Ancient Egypt

Temple of Horus D: ca. 237–47 BCE. L: Edfu, Egypt DT: Tradition of Egyptian formal / style continues Reliefs depict Horus & Hathor Basic pylon temple plan Impressive entrance Broad surface of a massive façade sloping walls. Ideas: Would protect the city entrance to some afterlife? Shows how traditions is very important.

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