Animal King Ix

CAROLUS LINNAEUS

• • • • • • • • • • •

BODY PALN FOR OF EXISTENCE MODE OF LIFE HABITAT GRADES OF ORGANISATION GERM LAYERS SYMMETRY SEGMENTATION COELOM BODY TEMPARATURE ORGAN SYSTEMS

1ST TYPE

SPONGES

2ND TYPE

COELENTERATES AND FLATWORMS - CELLS IN TWO LAYERS ECTODERM AND ENDODERM

3RD TYPE

ALL OTHER ANIMALS

ANIMALS LIVE AS SINGLE INDIVIDUALS – SOLITARY(AMOEBA) ANIMALS LIVE IN GROUPS - COLONIES(OBELIA)

AMOEBA

OBELIA

ANIMALS LIVE INDEPENDENTLY – FREE LIVING ANIMALS DEPEND ON OTHER ANIMALS FOR FOOD AND SHELTER- PARASITES

PLACE WHERE AN ANIMAL LIVES • •

AQUATIC TERRESTRIAL

OTHER HABITAT • • • • •

DESERT FORMS CAVE DWELLING AERIAL FOSSORIAL(BELOW THE SOIL) VOLANT(GLIDING)

NMBER OF CELLS IN THEIR BODIES UNICELLULAR(PROTOZOA) MULTICELLULAR(METAZOA)

DIPLOBLASTIC MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS TRIPLOBLASTIC DIPLOBLASTIC – OUTER ECTODERM , INNER ENDODERM LINING THE BODY CAVITY.(COELENTERATES) TRIPLOBLASTIC -- OUTER ECTODERM , MIDDLE MESODERM , AND INNER ENDODERM AS THEIR BODY COVERINGS. (FLATFORMS)

Arrangement of parts on the opposite sides of a median line. Radial symmetry- Hydra, star fish, jelly fish Bilateral symmetry-fish, frog Asymmetrical symmetry- Amoeba

NUMBER OF RING LIKE STRUCTURES CALLED SEGMENTS OR METAMERES. E.G. EARTHWORM CENTIPEDE AND PRAWN

FLUID-FILLED SPACE BETWEEN THE BODY WALL AND DIGESTIVE TRACT OF ANIMALS.

Acoelomate-coelom is filled with parenchymatous tissue without cavity. Pseudocoelomate- coelomic cavity not lined with peritonial membrane derived from Mesoderm. Eucoelomates-coelom lined with peritonial membrane as a cavity

HOMIOTHERMIC- CONSTANT BODY TEMPARATURE (WARM BLOODED) – BIRDS AND MAMMALS POIKILOTHERMIC- TEMPARATURE FLUCTUATES (COLD BLOODED) – FISH , FROG AND REPTILES

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS ORGAN SYSTEMS. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM SOME TIMES SHAPE SIZE SKELETON ETC.,

AMOEBA

TAPEWORM

HYDRA

SEA STAR

EUGLENA

COCKROACH

EARTHWORM

SNAIL

FISH

DEER

FROG

TIGER

SNAKE

RAT

BIRD

MAN

Fish • Fish are cold-blooded animals.

– This means that their blood temperature changes with the temperature of the surrounding water.

• Most fish live close to the shore in water that is less than 600 feet deep. – In the ocean, the deeper the water, the dimmer the light. – Many fish who live at 2000 feet or deeper glow in the dark.

Fish • All fish have gills. These gills absorb oxygen from the water and pass it along to the bloodstream.

• A fishes scales are called armor because they protect it. A slimy substance moistens the scales. This protects the fish from infection and helps the fish slip through the water faster.

Fish • Fish stay afloat because they have swim bladders. By changing the amount of air in its bladder, a fish never rises or sinks, but stays balanced.

Fish •Fins move the fish forward, steer it, and help the fish to keep its balance. •The pectoral and pelvic fins are used for balance, steering, and braking. •The dorsal fin keeps the fish from rolling over and works along with the anal fin. •The tail (caudal fin) provides power, thrushing the fish forward.

Fish Fish are actually divided into 3 different classes. Click the boxes to learn about these 3 types. You must click the boxes in order from top to bottom.

Bony Fish

Cartilaginous Fish

Jawless Fish

Bony Fish • Bony fish make up about 95% of all fish. • Skeletons are made up of bone. • Their scaly skin is covered with a slimy mucous. • Their mouth is generally at the front of the body. • They have a tail fin.

Bony Fish

Arranged in an Overlapping manner. Fan shaped appearance

Cartilaginous Fish • Cartilaginous fish include the sharks, skates and rays. • Although these look different, they Great White Shark have many features in common. • None of them have any true bone their skeleton is made of cartilage. • They have strong jaws

Ray

Chilean Skate

Cartilaginous Fish Continued…

• Their mouth is on the underside of their body. • Their eyes are on the top of their body. • They cannot see food as it enters their mouth. • Some sharks solve this problem by touching their food briefly with their nose first. – Some also use a powerful electrosensory system.

Shark Anatomy

A shark does not have one bone in its body. Its skeleton is made up of cartilage. Cartilage is a tough material , like the material that shapes your ear. The Swell Shark, found in New Zealand, barks like a dog. Sharks have very good senses. Sometimes a shark is called “a swimming nose”, for its great sense of smell.

Most sharks give birth to their babies. Only a few sharks lay eggs. Most sharks have six to twelve babies at a time, but the Hammerhead and Tiger Shark can have as many as 40 babies at a time.

Most species of sharks can swim up to 20-40 miles per hour. A Mako Shark has been recorded at more than 60 miles per hour. The Whale Shark is the biggest fish in the world. A Whale Shark weighs about 90,000 pounds. The second largest shark is the Basking Shark. It can be as much as 40 feet long. A Whale Shark has more than 4,000 teeth, but each is less than 1/8 inch long.

Jawless Fish • This is a primitive eel-like fish which doesn't have a true jaw, but a sucker-like mouth (like suction cups!) and rasping teeth. • There are two main types: – Lampreys • Lampreys are found in freshwater lakes and streams as well as in salt water.

– Hagfish • Hagfish, or blind eels, are found only in salt water and feed mainly on dead fish.

lamprey

Jawless Fish Anatomy

Comparison of Scales

Fish Body Forms

Fish Mouth Parts

Fish Tails

FISH FARMING The principal form of aquaculture while other methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.

The most important fish species raised by fish farms are, in order, salmon, carp, tilapia, catfish and cod. CARP

TILAPIA

COD

CATFISH

INTEGRATED RECYCLING SYSTEMS IRRIGATION DITCH OR POND SYSTEMS CAGE SYSTEM CLASSIC FRY FARMING

Houseboat rafts with cages under for rearing fish.

Workers removing fish from hold of transport boat.

Transport boats moored at fish processing plant

Fish reared in cages.

Let’s Review Fish!!! Click on the correct choice. The majority of fish fall into which class? A. Bony Fish A. Cartilaginous Fish A. Jawless Fish

You chose B. Cartilaginous Fish. That is incorrect. Think about the majority of fish you have seen in your life…what is hard inside their body?

You chose C. Jawless Fish. That is incorrect. Think about the majority of fish you have seen in your life…what is hard inside their body?

Yes. The correct choice is A Bony Fish. About 95% of all fish are considered bony fish!

Let’s Review Fish!!! Click on the correct choice. Which fin gives the fish balance, steering, and braking? A. Dorsal Fin A. Caudal Fin (tail) A. Pectoral and Pelvic Fins

You chose B. Caudal Fin (tail). That is incorrect. The caudal fin (tail) actually gives the fish the power to move forward.

You chose A. Dorsal Fin. That is incorrect. The dorsal fin keeps the fish from rolling over.

Yes. The correct choice is C. Pectoral and Pelvic Fin. These allow the fish to balance, steer, and brake.

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Fish breathe through their nose B. Fish breathe through their gills C. Fish breathe through their skin and lateral line D. Fish do not breathe

In what order do salmon develop from the egg? A. Fry, Smolt, Alevin, Adult.

B. Alevin, Smolt, Fry, Adult.

C. Smolt, Fry, Alevin, Adult.

D. Alevin, Fry, Smolt, Adult.

If a salmon lays 3000 eggs, approximately how many will grow into spawning adults?

A. 2 Eggs B. 250 Eggs C. 1500 Eggs D. 2500 Eggs

A Steelhead is a...?   

A. A Char that's grown over 10 kilograms B. A Salmon that's spent more than 2 years in fresh water C. A rainbow trout that goes to the ocean for part of it's life D. A golf club

Salmon lay their eggs in a...?

A. Underwater plant B. Nest C. Redd D. None of the above

Salmon roll on their sides and use their tail fin to scour out a shallow depression in the gravel. These depressions are called redds and is where salmon lay their eggs.

How many species of salmon do we have on the West Coast of Canada?

A. 5 Species B. 6 Species C. 7 Species D. 4 Species

The Dolly Varden is named after a character in which Dickens novel? A. David Copperfield B. A Christmas Carol C. A Tale of Two Cities D. Barnaby Rudge

Which river supports the largest-size race of Chinook salmon?

A. The Kispiox B. The Kenai C. The Fraser D. The Skeena

WHAT IS THE STUDY OF FISH CALLED?

Ichthyology