Anemia

Anemia By Retd PROF & HOD Department of Physiology GSVM Medical college Kanpur UP India

Decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of called is called anaemia • • • • • • • •

Decrease in rbc count normal range : In male : 5 - 6 millions/cmm of blood In female :4 – 5 millions/cmm of blood Decrease in Hemoglobin concentration Normal range : In male : 15 -18 gm/100ml of blood In female : 12 – 15 gm/100ml of blood

Decrease in RBC count can be due to • Either the maufecturing material is inadequate ie deficiency of iron,vitamine B12,folic acid • Factory is defective eg.bone marrow depression due to radiation,drugs,leukemic or cancer deposits • Material is adequate,factory is alright then there is adequate production but there is defective transportation eg.pilfirage ie blood loss which can be: • Acute due to accident,post operative,sepicemia bleeding peptic ulcer etc. • Chronic like bleeding gums,bleeding piles ,loss in mensturation in females

Low hemoglobin Count can be due to • Iron deficiency in diet or due to chronic blood loss • Protein deficiency • Defective hemoglobin

Can there be anaemia inspite of normal rbc & hemoglobin count? • It is possible to decrease oxygen carrying capacity of blood temporarily inspite of normal RBC count and normal HEMOGLOBIN. eg.is carbon mono-oxide poisoning • (You must have read in news paper a person falling in gutter after he became unconscious while cleaning main hole on street) • Carbon mono-oxide has greater affinity for hemoglobin as compared to oxygen. So less hemoglobin is avialable for carriage of oxygen

Morphological classification of anaemia • • • • •

• •

Normochromic normocytic when there is decrease in RBC count due to sudden loss of blood as thre is hemodilution Megaloblatic macrocytic can be in a)B12 deficiency which is associated with Neurological features like tingling & numness i)Either nutritional deficiency of B12(needs oral treatment)ii)due deciciency of Intrinsic factor (Hematinic Principle of Castle which has associated achlorhydia due to atrophy of gastric mucosa),here injectable B12 is given B) folic acid deficiency where there is no associated neurological complaints Normocytic hypochromic due to decrease in hemoglobin count