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UNITED STATES FLAG

STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA ANDERSON, CHEROKEE, GREENVILLE, PICKENS, SPARTANBURG & YORK COUNTIES

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The Historical News

SOUTH CAROLINA STATE FLAG

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VOL. 29 NO. 1-SC

Southern Historical News, Inc.

JANUARY 2009

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WALMART SUPERCENTER, located at 1451 Woodruff Rd. in Greenville, phone 864-297-3031, is one of the leading department stores in this area. Be sure to visit them on your next trip to town. They boast a wide selection of clothing and shoes for the entire family. Regardless of age, figure or fashion personality, WALMART SUPERCENTER can please even the most discriminating taste. Need appliances, furniture, auto parts, cameras, toys or gifts, groceries, meats, produce items and much, much more? These items are what you’ll find at WALMART SUPERCENTER. Come in and see where quality merchandise and selection is greater. WALMART SUPERCENTER carries nationally advertised brands and have helpful and friendly sales personnel. All of these things contribute to make shopping here a real pleasure. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review make particular mention of this well-stocked store. Cecelia and all associates of WALMART SUPERCENTER thank their customers for past business and support, and look forward to being of service to you!

COUNTY HISTORY INDEX

Anderson....................................................3,20-23 Cherokee.......................................................16-19 Greenville......................................................24-27 Pickens..........................................................10-13 Spartanburg......................................................7-8 York...................................................................3-5

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Your One Stop Shopping Place Manager - Cecelia Porch

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The Sword Of State This sword rests in the customary rack on the Senate rostrum in front of the President’s chair during the daily sessions and is carried by the Sergeant-atArms on all State occasions. The present Sword of State was presented to the Senate February 20, 1951, as a personal gift to South Carolina by Lord Halifax, former British ambassador to the United States. The sword was fashioned by master craftsmen of London, England, having a pointed straight blade, the upper portion of which is etched with a design containing the State Flower, the yellow jessamine. One side of the design is centered with the State seal. It has a golden curved guard and a handle wrapped with a gold braid. This sword replaces the cavalry sword that was used after the Sword of State disappeared from the Senate rostrum in 1941. The cavalry sword was presented on March 5, 1941, and is carried in the Senate Journal of that date as follows: “Mr. Means, on behalf of the Charleston Museum, which is the oldest like institution in the U.S., presented to the Senate a cavalry sword made in 1800 and used in the War of 1812 and in the War of the Confederacy to replace the Sword of State recently stolen from the Chamber.” This sword has been returned to the Charleston Museum. Facts as to the history of the Sword of State and of the one that mysteriously disappeared in 1941 were secured from A.S. Salley, Historian Emeritus, and are as follows: Earliest mention found is the Journal of the “Commons House of Assembly of South Carolina” for Friday, May 5, 1704, wherein it is stated that 25 £: 11S 3D (about $129) be paid for a Sword of State, “for the Rt. Hon. the Governor and all succeeding Governors for the Honr. of this Government.” The Governor and the eight deputies of the eight Lords Proprietors of

Carolina constituted the Upper House of the General Assembly. The Sword of State was secured and used by the Grand Council until that body passed out of existence with the overflow of the government of the Lords Proprietors in South Carolina in December, 1719. Thereafter it was used by His Majesty’s Council for South Carolina, at least until June 23, 1722, when Arthur Middleton, President of the council, and acting Governor, informed the Commons House that it was “no way proper to be used by any of His Majesty’s Governor” and suggested that the house give it to the “Corporation of Charles City (Charleston) and Port, to be carried before the Mayor.” Says Mr. Salley: “Whether this suggestion was carried out and a new sword procured, the writer has so far been unable to ascertain, but throughout the records of His Majesty’s Council for South Carolina down to the Revolution evidence is found of the use of a Sword of State. On March 26, 1776, South Carolina adopted a Constitution independent of the government of Great Britain and elected John Rutledge, President of the State. He was inaugurated on the following day, and the Journal of the Lower House records that His Excellency was ‘preceded by the sheriff bearing the Sword of State and the Officers of the Legislative Council.” “The same sword of State,” says Mr. Salley, “has been in constant use ever since, being borne by the Sergeant-of-Arms of the Senate instead of the Sheriff of Charleston District (now County) as then.” “That this Sword of State was made in Charles Town (now Charleston) by a local silversmith is evidenced by the fact that it contains no hallmarks, which would not be the case had it been made in England.”

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PICKENS COUNTY AREA

Pickens County

Reprinted Courtesy of Pendleton District Historical Recreation and Tourism Commission

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The Historical News

Attractions & HISTORIC SITES

Old Stone Church - 101 Stone Circle - Clemson, SC 29631 - (864) 654-2061 - Hours: Open daily, weather permitting and if not reserved. - Admission: FREE - This former Presbyterian church, built in 1797, was organized by Revolutionary War hero Andrew Pickens and others. Treaty Oak Marker - Clemson, SC - (864) 646-3782 - (800) 862-1795 - Hours: - Call for directions. - The first treaty between the United States and the Cherokee Indian Nation was signed on this site on November 28, 1785.

Attractions & Museums

Antiquers Heaven - SC Hwy 135 & Flat Rock Road Liberty, SC - (864) 843-6827 - Hours: Wednesday - Saturday  11AM-5PM - Sunday  1PM-5PM or by appointment - Admission - Everything from pre-WWI autos to the old general store, dentist office, barber shop and more are displayed.  Located at the corner of SC Hwy 135 and Flat Rock Road, 3 miles south east of Liberty. Campbell Museum of Natural History - Clemson University - Clemson, SC - (864) 656-4789 Hours: By appointment Monday - Friday  8AM-4:30PM - Admission: FREE - Named for benefactors Bob and Betsy Campbell, contains more than 18,000 species of fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals, as well as 40,000 plant samples form South Carolina and the Southeast. Housed in the Kinard Annex at Clemson University Central History Museum - 416 Church Street - Central, SC - (864) 639-2794 - Hours: Last Sunday of each month 2-4PM and by appointment - Admission - Located in the 1893 Jeptha Norton Morgan House in Central, headquarters of the Central Heritage Society.   Five rooms are furnished as a house museum.  Other exhibits feature artifacts and history of Central and its surrounding area. Collins Ole Town - 228 Lawton Road, Central, SC - (864) 639-2618 - Hours: By appointment Admission - The atmosphere of the old general store, with an entertaining collection of merchandise and nostalgic advertisements, plus a barber shop and an old school house. Ferne's Doll and Miniature Museum - 510 Flat Rock Road - Liberty, SC - (864) 843-2486 - Hours: By appointment - Admission - Features 25 antique and modern dollhouses, a Doll Room of 700 costumed dolls, and an extensive collection of miniature collectibles. Fort Hill - Clemson University - Clemson, SC - (864) 656-4789 - (864) 656-2475 - Hours: Monday - Saturday 10AM-5PM - Sunday 2PM-5PM - Closed for university holidays. - Reservations suggested for groups - Admission: Suggested donation - Home of statesman John C. Calhoun and later of his son-in-law Thomas Green Clemson, this National Historic Landmark is furnished with family pieces.  It is in the heart of the Clemson University Campus, and it was this plantation that was deeded to the state by Mr. Clemson to start the school. Bob Campbell Geology Museum - Clemson University - Clemson, SC - (864) 656-4789 - (864) 656-4481 - Hours: - Thursday, Friday & Sunday 1-5PM - Saturday 10AM-5PM or by appointment Admission: FREE - A large collection of minerals, gems, and fossils from all over the world, including faceted gemstones and fluorescent minerals. Located in the South Carolina Botanical Garden on Perimeter Road. Hagood-Mauldin House & Irma Morris Museum of Fine Arts - (864) 878-2068 - Hours: - Saturday 1PM-4PM (May through August) - Special Christmas Event first week in December - Admission: Special group rates by appointment - This house, ca. 1828, was built at Old Pickens Courthouse and moved to the present town in 1868.  It features 17th and 18th century art and furnishings.  Located at North Lewis Street and Queen Court in the heart of Pickens. Hanover House - Clemson University - Clemson, SC - (864) 656-4789 - (864) 656-2475 - Hours: Saturday 10AM-5PM - Sunday  2PM-5PM - Reservations suggested for groups Admission: Suggested donation - This colonial home of French Huguenot Paul de St. Julien was built in 1716 in Berkeley County, South Carolina, and was moved to the Clemson University Campus in 1941.  It is located in the South Carolina Botanical Garden on Perimeter Road. Pickens County Museum - 307 Johnson Street - Pickens, SC - (864) 898-5963 - (864) 898-5964 Hours: - Tuesday 8:30AM-8:30PM - Wednesday, Friday 8:30AM-5PM - Saturday 12Noon-4PM Admission: FREE - Art and local history exhibits are in this 1903 gaol (jail) which resembles a castle.  Rotating exhibits are featured, and a museum shop has work by regional artists and craftsmen.

AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORIC SITES Central

Central Community Center - Formerly the Central African-American School, built before 1925, used as a school until 1957, then became the community center. 114 West Main Street, Central. Open by appointment only. (864) 639-2115 Freedom's Hill Church - Built in 1847 in the Snow Camp community of Alamance County, North Carolina. The first Wesleyan Methodist Church in the South, begun by a congregation which was against slavery. Moved to this site in 1999. 725 Wesleyan Drive, Southern Wesleyan University campus, Central. (864) 644-5000 or 639-2453.

Pumpkintown

Soapstone Baptist Church - Formed in the late 1860s by freed slaves. Built by W.P.A. workers ca. 1929. - Still used on a regular basis. Outside viewing only. Take Highway 8 North out of Pickens to Highway 288 and turn right. Follow road and turn left on first paved road (Liberia Road), go about one mile and church is on right.

IS PUBLISHED BY: SOUTHERN HISTORICAL NEWS, INC. P.O. BOX 1068 HIRAM, GEORGIA 30141 1-800-422-4478 FAX: 1-770-943-0729

EDITOR’S NOTE ON HISTORY

Some of the places featured in THE HISTORICAL NEWS may have changed locations, no longer exist, or have a different statement of purpose. They are presented only for the historic theme in consideration of public interest. Southern Historical News, Inc. welcomes your comments about our publication. If you have any historical information and/or photographs you wish to be printed, we would gladly accept them. for future publications.

allen redding auto center The people at ALLEN REDDING AUTO CENTER are specialists when it comes to all types of auto body repairs and painting. The next time you need your car's body rebuilt, repaired or repainted, be sure to take it to this reliable shop. They are located at 224 Redding Rd. in Easley, phone 864-855-0809. The owners and all of the employees at ALLEN REDDING AUTO CENTER understand auto body repair work thoroughly, and will put this knowledge to work for you. If you need auto paint work done, you can be assured a quality job here because they have all the necessary tools and equipment. Insurance policies allow you to select the repair shop of your choice, so, when making your selection, think first of ALLEN REDDING AUTO CENTER. Whether the job is large or small, you will always receive the same courteous treatment. They are well-known in this area because they have the knowledge that puts their work in a class by itself! The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to highlight this leading firm among the area's leading businesses.

ANDERSON & YORK COUNTY AREA

York County Early Years The first white settlers of the area were Scotch-lrish who had previously settled in the Pennsylvania counties of York, Chester, and Lancaster: names later bestowed upon their counterparts in South Carolina. Those who settled in York County came primarily from Down, Antrim, Londonderry, and Tyrone Counties in Ulster Province, Ireland. The Scotch-lrish were the backbone of York County settlement. During the Revolutionary War, soldiers from York County took part in many battles, including the Cherokee Campaign (1776), the Georgia-Florida Campaign (1777-1778), and the Defense of Charleston (1779). Such prominent military figures as Colonel Thomas Neel, Colonel William Bratton, Colonel William Hill, and Colonel Samuel Watson were York County residents. Two important Revolutionary battles took place within the boundaries of York County. On July 12, 1780, at Williamson's Plantation, near Brattonsville, Colonel Bratton, with a small band of outnumbered men, defeated the infamous Captain Christian Huck and his Tory force. This victory, acclaimed as "Huck's Defeat," came at a most opportune moment since it occurred soon after the fall of Charleston, the darkest hour of the conflict in South Carolina. York County's greatest contribution to history was made when her people, led by Hill and others, refused to accept British protection, raised the American Flag, and proclaimed to the world their determination to fight to the death. York County was the only section of South Carolina which did not surrender to the British. Another great contribution that York County made to the war effort was the Battle of King's Mountain. At King's Mountain on October 7, 1780, backwoodsmen of the Carolinas, Tennessee, and Virginia defeated the British forces of Colonel Patrick Ferguson. This victory proved to be the turning point in the War of Independence because it shattered the myth of British invincibility. Following the Revolution and throughout most of the nineteenth century, York County's economy was primarily agricultural. From the period of the Revolution to the time of the Civil War, farms and plantations dominated the landscape. The 1860s and 1870s were the tumultuous years of the War Between the States and Reconstruction. Many residents were casualties of the War, though very little military action took place in the county. In 1865, there was a skirmish at Nation Ford when Union troops burned the railroad trestle which spanned the Catawba River at that point. York County escaped the path of Sherman's March when flood-

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Cities & Towns Of Anderson County

Reprinted Courtesy of Anderson Independent-Mail

Anderson Anderson was named for Gen. Robert Anderson, a Revolutionary War hero, who was born in 1741 in August County, VA. His parents came to this country from Ireland. As a young man, he came to South Carolina to help his good friend, Andrew Pickens, in surveying some land that had been ceded to the English Colony by the Indians. He returned to Virginia to marry Ann Thompson and brought her back to South Carolina, where they settled at Long Cane, Abbeville County. Anderson later moved to the newly opened Upcountry and settled in the early Pendleton district near the Seneca River on the side of the river that became a part of Arderson County when the old district was divided. The city was founded in February 1827 and incorporated by an act of the Legislature on December 19, 1833. Anderson was the first city in the South to have an unlimited supply of electric power. The first cotton gin in the world to be operated by electricity was in Anderson County in 1897.

Belton Long before Belton was chartered, it was an important stop on the old wagon trail from the mountains to Hamburg, located on the Savannah River near Augusta, GA. The wagon trail followed the old Indian trail along which DeSoto is believed to have traveled in 1540 when he crossed Anderson County on his way to the mountains. When two railway lines created a junction in Belton, this had much to do with the prosperity of the area. Much of the land of the area was owned by Dr. George Brown, a well-known physician. He gave several acres of land for a railroad station, now the public square, and a lot on which to build a school. His daughter, Josephine, named the town Belton in honor of Judge Belton O'Neal who was instrumental in the construc-

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HAPPY NEW YEAR!

General Manager - Ed Styles Co-Manager - Lee Jolly Assistant Managers - Jodie Lovell, Linda Hall, Stephen Brenneman, Steve Devol, Christine Lewis & David Cooper One of the friendliest stores in town is WALMART SUPERCENTER! Here’s the place you’ve been looking for, if you like the kind of store where courtesy and service are bywords of business, and the selection is ultra-complete. Located at 651 Hwy. 28 Bypass in Anderson, phone 864-261-7420, this full-line store has more to offer! They feature a complete grocery department, fresh meats and produce, bakery and deli. Sundries, housewares, toys, games, hardware, cosmetics, drugs, school supplies, stationary, gifts, candy, fabrics, notions and automotive supplies are among the many essential items featured here. The prices are just as low as anywhere else, and smart shoppers keep a regular list of needed goods in order to be able to pick them up in one convenient stop. They also have a hair salon, vision center, and bank. Personal service is an important part of the business operated by this concern. If YOU want to shop where selection and service are at their best, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review invite you to try WALMART SUPERCENTER! You won’t regret it. Ed and all the associates at WALMART SUPERCENTER thank their customers for past business and support, and look forward to serving you in the future.

reasonable & Group rates • • • •

DELUXE Continental Breakfast 75% NON-SMOKING Rooms! KING AND QUEEN BEDS! 59 Cable Channels including: 1 HBO, 2 ESPN’s, Weather Channel • JACUZZI Rooms • Handicap Rooms • Refrigerators • Voice Mail and Data Port Phones • Free In Room Safe • Wireless Hi Speed Internet • Fitness Room

803-329-7900 Fax: 803-329-7980

911 RIVERVIEW • ROCK HILL Exit 82-B From I-77 • Turn Left At Stoplight • Go 100 Yards EVERYONE AT HOWARD JOHNSON THANKS THEIR GUESTS FOR PAST BUSINESS & SUPPORT, & REMINDS YOU THEY ARE OF SERVICE TO THE ENTIRE AREA!

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YORK COUNTY AREA

YORK COUNTY EARLY YEARS - continued from page 3

ing in the western part of the State diverted the troops south and east. During the war years, York County was a place of refuge for many Charleston residents who fled the lowlands. York County homes also sheltered President Jefferson Davis and his cabinet as they fled Richmond near the end of the conflict. President Davis spent the night of April 26, 1865, near Fort Mill at Springfield. Some cabinet members stayed at the home of Colonel William Elliot White, where on the morning of April 27, 1865, President Davis had his last full cabinet meeting. After the meeting, the group crossed Nation Ford, and traveling a route which included part of what is now Eden Terrace in Rock Hill, continued on to York. Mr. Davis and some of his party spent that night at the home of Dr. J. Rufus Bratton in York. During Reconstruction, York County was declared in a state of rebellion. Several units of Federal militia were stationed in the area. The textile industry was the dominant force which altered the economy of York County in the late nineteenth century. York County had the natural assets to make her a successful textile region. Labor was plentiful and cheap, there was an abundance of water power, and cotton was immediately at hand. The railroads provided the means for transporting cotton and finished products. By 1852, the Charlotte and South Carolina Railroad Company had established a depot in York County. This depot later became the site of the county's largest city - Rock Hill. Another railroad - the King's Mountain - had come to Yorkville (or York) in the middle of the 1850s. Gold mining was carried on in nineteenth century York County. Almost fifty gold mines were in operation at one time, of which there were reports of production from twenty. Estimates reveal that York County's gold production ranked fourth in South Carolina. Old mine sites may still be found near most communities in the county. In 1880-1881, the Rock Hill Cotton Factory (now Ostrow Textile Mills) was the first cotton mill established in York County and was also the first steam-driven cotton factory in South Carolina. Other mills were later established in Fort Mill, Clover, and York. The White and Hutchison families were instrumental in the establishment of textile mills in York County. York County manufacturing became more diversified in the early years of the twentieth century. John G. Anderson's Rock Hill Buggy Company converted its facilities to the construction of automobiles in 1916. The peak of success for the Anderson Automobile Company came in 1920. At that time, nearly thirty-five automobiles were assembled daily. The company's operations ceased in 1925 as a result of the economic depression following World War I. The late nineteenth century ushered in a new era in education for York County with the establishment of three institutions of higher learning. After temporary operations in Columbia, Winthrop College was moved to its permanent home in Rock Hill in 1895. Two colleges for blacks were operating in Rock Hill prior to the establishment of Winthrop. What is now Friendship College was founded in October, 1891. Present-day Clinton College was established in 1894. York County of the twentieth century is a product of her heritage. This brief summary of historical highlights has covered only a portion of the county's interesting history. Many historical sites still exist in York County. Every individual would find it an enjoyable experience to visit the many sites York County has to offer.

HISTORIC FORT MILL VICTORIAN HOME

ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING & MOBILE HOME SUPPLY, INC. Proudly Serving This Area For 20 Years Locally Owned & Operated Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:30 P.M. Saturday 8:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M. One of the most upstanding community members has to be FOGLE’S ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING & MOBILE HOME SUPPLY, INC., dedicated to providing area residents with the very finest in hardware, plumbing and electrical supplies, RV supplies and mobile home supplies. This popular concern is located at 1110 East Alexander Love Hwy. (Hwy. 5 & 161 By Pass) in York, phone 803-6846258, and has earned the respect and admiration of all those who have done business with them. Their honest and forthright manner of dealing on a one-to-one basis with people have made them the local leader in their field. You can better appreciate the quality of their service by stopping in! FOGLE’S ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING & MOBILE HOME SUPPLY, INC. is renowned throughout the area as being a foremost advocate of fair business practices and community-minded ventures. Make this fine firm your headquarters for all your hardware, plumbing, electrical, RV and mobile home supplies. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list FOGLE’S ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING & MOBILE HOME SUPPLY, INC. among the area's leading businesses. Everyone at FOGLE’S ELECTRICAL, PLUMBING & MOBILE HOME SUPPLY, INC. thanks their customers for past business and support, reminds you they are of service to the entire area, and wishes everyone a safe and happy New Year!

The Wind & The Leaves Submitted By Cathy Lynn Hall

Come little leaves said the wind one day Come over to the meadow with me and play Put on your dresses of red and gold Summer is gone and the days grow cold Down they came fluttering one and all Over the brown fields they danced and flew Singing the soft little songs they knew Dancing and flying the little leaves went Winter had called them and they were content Soon fast asleep in their earthly beds The snow laid a blanket over their heads.

STEVE & THE STAFF AT ROLLING HILLS NURSERY & LANDSCAPING, INC. THANK THEIR CUSTOMERS FOR PAST BUSINESS & SUPPORT, & LOOK FORWARD TO SERVING YOU IN THE FUTURE!

YORK COUNTY AREA

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Kings Mountain By 1780 the northern campaign of the American Revolutionary War had fought to a stalemate, and England turned its military strategy toward the South. The tactic seemed simple: re-establish the southern royal colonies, march north to join loyalist troops at the Chesapeake Bay, and claim the seaboard. But, a sudden battle in the wilderness exposed the folly of England’s scheme and changed the course of this nation. In late September 1780 a mounted column of Carolinians and Virginians headed east over the Appalachian mountians wearing hunting shirts and leggings, with the long, slender rifles of the frontier across their saddles. They came full of wrath, seeking their adversary of the summer - British Major Patrick Ferguson and his loyalist battalion. This time, they came to battle him to the finish. These men hailed from valleys around the headwaters of the Holston, Nolichucky, and Watauga rivers. Most were of Scots-Irish ancestry, a hardy people who were hunters, farmers, and artisans. Years earlier they had established settlements that were remote and nearly independent of the royal authority in the eastern counties. Fiercely self-reliant they were little concerned or threatened by the 5-year-old war fought primarily in the northern colonies and along the coast.

their long rifles. Punishing his horse Ferguson was everywhere, a silver whistle in his mouth trilling commands. Suddenly several bullets hit Ferguson. He fell, one foot caught in a stirrup. His men helped him down and propped him against a tree, where he died. Captain DePeyster, Ferguson’s second-in command, ordered a white flag hoisted but, despite loyalist cries of surrender, the patriot commanders could not restrain their men. Filled with revenge they continued to shoot their terrified enemy for several minutes, until Campbell finally regained control. The over-mountain men accomplished their mission in little more than an hour. Ferguson was dead. Lost with him was Cornwallis’s entire left flank. This militia, fighting on its own terms and in its own way, turned the tide on England’s attempt to conquer the South and so the nation.

Britain’s Thrust to Regain the South

In early 1780 England turned its military efforts to the South. At first the British forces seemed unstoppable. In May Sir Henry Clinton captured Charleston, S.C., the South’s largest city. The British quickly set up garrisons, using military force to gain control. Before 1780 scattered incidents of torture and murder had occurred in the Carolinas, but with the return of the British army the war in the South became brutal. Loyalists (tories) plundered the countryside; patriots (whigs) retaliated with burning and looting -- with neighbors fighting each other. The British believed that the southern colonies teemed with loyalists, and they were banking on those supporters to persuade reluctant patriots to swear allegiance to the Crown. Gen. Lord Cornwallis ordered Maj. Patrick Ferguson, reputed to be the best marksman in the British Army, to gather these loyalists into a strong militia. Ferguson recruited a thousand Carolinians and trained them to fight with muskets and bayonets using European open-field tactics. In the summer, as Ferguson traversed the Carolina up-country, frontier patriots swept across the mountains to aid their compatriots of the Piedmont. In August Cornwallis routed Gen. Horatio Gates and patriot forces at Camden, S.C. Learning of the defeat, the frontier militia went home to harvest crops and strengthen their forces. Taking advantage of their departure, Cornwallis mounted an invasion of North Carolina. He ordered Ferguson, commander of his left flank to move north into western North Carolina before joining the main army at Charlotte. In September Ferguson set up post at Gilbert Town (see map below). From here Ferguson sent a message to the “backwater men” (over mountain patriots) threatening to kill them all if they did not submit. Enraged, they vowed to finish Ferguson once and for all. On September 26 returning over-mountain forces gathered at Sycamore Shoals under Colonels William Campbell, Isaac Shelby, Charles McDowell, and John Sevier. The next morning they began an arduous march through mountains covered with an early snowfall. They reached Quaker Meadows on October 1 and joined 350 local militia under Colonels Benjamin Cleveland and Joseph Winston. Ferguson, learning from spies that the growing force was pursuing him, headed toward Charlotte. The patriots reached Gilbert Town on October 4, but they soon discovered that Ferguson had abandoned his camp. They rode on reaching Cowpens on October 6, where they were joined by 400 South Carolinians lead by Col. Williams and Col. Lacey. Ferguson’s trail had been hard to follow, but now they learned that he was near Kings Mountain -- only about 30 miles away. Ferguson reached Kings Mountain on October 6, where he decided to await his enemy. Kings Mountain -- named for an early settler and not for King George III -- is a rocky spur of the Blue Ridge that rises 150 feet above the surrounding area. Its forested slopes, sliced with ravines, lead to a summit, which in 1780 was nearly treeless. This plateau, 600 yards long by 60 yards wide at the southwest and 120 yards at the northeast, gave Ferguson a seemingly excellent position for his army of 1,000 loyalist militia and 100 red-coated Provincials.

Turning Point in the Carolina Wilderness

Fearing that Ferguson might escape again, the patriots selected 900 of the best riflemen to push on, with Campbell of Virginia as commander. They rode through a night of rain -- their long rifles protected in blankets -- and arrived at Kings Mountain after noon, Saturday, October 7. The rain, now stopped, had muffled their sounds, giving Ferguson little warning of their approach. They hitched their horses within sight of the ridge, divided into two columns, and encircled the steep slopes. About 3 P.M.. Campbell’s and Shelby’s regiments opened fire from below the southwestern ridge. The loyalists rained down a volley of musket fire, but the forested slopes provided good cover for the attackers. The patriots, skilled at guerrilla tactics used on the frontier, dodged from tree to tree to reach the summit. Twice, loyalists drove them back with bayonets. Finally the patriots gained the crest, driving the enemy toward the patriots who were attacking up the northeastern slopes. Surrounded and silhouetted against the sky, the loyalists were easy targets for the sharpshooters and continued above

rock hill collision center, inc. Proudly Serving This Area For The Past 9 Years With Over 200 Years Of Combined Shop Experience Locally Owned & Operated By Mike Hargrove Remember what your car looked like before the accident? ROCK HILL COLLISION CENTER, INC. can make it look that way again! This full service body shop located at 1542 East Main St. in Rock Hill, phone 803-981-6919, specializes in precision frame and unibody work with accurate color matching for cars and trucks, foreign or domestic. Their state-of-the-art finishes, high tech equipment, quality parts, and professional technicians are your assurance that the work will be done right the first time. ROCK HILL COLLISION CENTER, INC. takes pride in their work and their satisfied customers are proof. If you demand quality workmanship at a fair price, contact this reputable shop for all of your paint and body work. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding paint and body shop among the area's leading businesses. ROCK HILL COLLISION CENTER, INC. thanks their customers for past business and support, and reminds you they are of service to the entire area in 2009.

high cotton antiques Locally Owned & Operated By Barbara Cloaninger, Lee Butler & Harry Parrish Monday - Saturday 10:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. • Sunday 1:00 P.M. - 5:00 P.M. In Business For 16 Years For the discriminating fancier of fine antique merchandise HIGH COTTON ANTIQUES offers an exquisite assortment of quality pieces of history. Their shop features items from many periods and their prices are very competitive. Drop in and browse....you’ll enjoy every moment! Situated at 212 South Main St. in Clover, phone 803-222-5045, this fine shop is proud to display such sought-after pieces as original porcelains, fine crystal, furniture, collectibles and many other unusual and valuable items. There’s practically no end to the fine merchandise you will find at this splendid antique dealer. They buy, sell and trade antiques. For quality merchandise and reasonable prices, contact HIGH COTTON ANTIQUES. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding antique shop among the area's leading businesses. Barbara, Lee and Harry thank their customers for past business and support, and invite you to stop by in 2009!

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South Carolina State Museum 301 GERVAIS STREET P.O. BOX 100107 COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA 29202

With four large floors covering the disciplines of art, history, natural history and science/technology, the South Carolina State Museum presents the perfect place to start to learn the many wondrous features of the Palmetto State. Located in the historic Columbia Mills Building in downtown Columbia, the museum actually resides inside its biggest artifact. The building itself was once a textile mill which produced cotton duck, a canvas-like material which was used for tents, truck covers and other products. When it opened in 1894 it was the world’s first totally electrically-powered textile mill. Throughout its expansive galleries are other firsts for South Carolina. The science and technology floor houses a life-size replica of the “Best Friend of Charleston,” the first American-built passenger and freight locomotive. Children of all ages are enthralled by this colorful train. On the same floor, the Charles H. Townes Center spotlights the Greenville native who created the laser, one of the scientific marvels of the century. The gold Nobel Prize for Physics is one of the many fascinating artifacts and exhibits in this section which demonstrate the principles behind the laser. Adjacent to the Townes Center is the Space Science area, which houses artifacts from South Carolina’s five astronauts, including a rock brought back from the moon by Gen. Charles Duke of Lancaster. The Lipscomb Art Gallery on the first floor is a constantly changing area, as a variety of temporary exhibits shows off the wide diversity of art in modern - and historic - South Carolina. A permanent and beautiful artwork housed on the museum’s history floor is the Phillip Simmons Gate, named for the nationally famous Charleston blacksmith who created it. This piece has drawn admirers from near and far to witness this craftsman’s artistry. The history floor contains another first -- a life-size reproduction of the C.S.S. Hunley, the first submarine in history to sink an enemy ship in combat. The many artifacts in this spacious gallery tell the story of man in South Carolina, from prehistoric Indians to a national brand of automobile manufactured in South Carolina in the 1920s. The history of man is complemented by the history of the land and its creatures on the natural history floor. Exhibits range from a shockingly large (43 feet long, to be exact) and realistic model of the extinct giant white shark to hands-on activities demonstrating how rocks and fossils are formed, and much more. There is so much to see and do. The museum tries to offer an accurate and entertaining overview of the state in each of their disciplines so that their visitors, whether from in-state or out, can get the best introduction to South Carolina that they can get anywhere, in just one spot. That’s why they have come to be known as ‘South Carolina under one roof’. Between the changing exhibits, the opening of new permanent exhibits, weekend science and nature programs and many more activities, it’s easy to see that this phrase makes for an accurate description of a place that is fun and enlightening, and a definitely worthwhile trip for the whole family. 301 GERVAIS STREET P.O. BOX 100107 COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA 29202 Beside the Gervais Street Bridge and the Congaree River, several blocks from the State House. HOURS: Monday-Saturday, 10 a.m.-5 p.m.; Sunday, 1-5 p.m.; Closed Thanksgiving and Christmas. New Year’s Day, 1-5 p.m.; The Museum’s shop, the Cotton Mill Exchange, is open during regular museum hours. Free auto and bus parking is available. LENGTH OF STAY: You can spend an hour or a whole day in the State Museum’s fascinating galleries. Please allow yourself ample time to enjoy touring the four floors of exhibits and visiting the Cotton Mill Exchange. PHOTOGRAPHY: Flash photography with electronic or built-in flash is permitted, except in the Lipscomb Art Gallery or in posted exhibitions. No tripods, please. HANDICAPPED ACCESS: The State Museum is fully accessible to the handicapped. MEMBERSHIP: Enjoy free admission, discounts in the Museum store and many more benefits while supporting South Carolina’s State Museum. Join today! Call (803) 737-4935. FACILITIES RENTAL: A 236-seat auditorium and spacious Vista Room are ideal for organizational meetings, banquets and other events. Call (803) 737-4921. GENERAL INFORMATION: (803) 737-4595 GROUP VISITS: (803) 737-4999

South Carolina Tobacco Museum Entering South Carolina Tobacco Museum is to step back in time when tobacco fueled the economy of the Pee Dee area. Non-smoker Reggie McDaniel, curator of the museum, doesn’t consider the collection of memorabilia a paean to smoking, but a recognition of the role tobacco played for over a hundred years bringing jobs and industries to an area plagued with subsistence farming and a lack of alternative resources. A subtle aroma of tobacco permeates the building as visitors are guided through the intricate process of a culture that has its roots entwined in the history of the nation. Colonial Americans used the American Indians’ peace-pipe offering as a substitute for money and trade commodity with England. The tobacco seeds, as small as grains of sand, were planted originally in beds covered with gauze until plants and weather were compatible for moving to plowed fields. The entire process is replicated until a full-grown five-foot plant is display as ready for harvesting, or cropping as the locals say. All of the tangential aspects are also covered with exhibits showcasing vintage pipes, cigarette lighters, cigar boxes and small match holders emblazoned with advertisements of local businesses. The pungent fragrance of cured tobacco grows stronger where baskets of cured tobacco are displayed. An amazing inclusion is a tobacco barn complete with wood-burning furnace and tiers to tobacco leaves hanging to demonstrate the curing process. A mule with a “drag” for transporting the green leaves to the barn is a graphic example of the primitive circumstances before the era of tractors and trucks. The farmer’s wife is not overlooked. The lifestyle is reflective of both the simplicity and crude housekeeping tools of pre-electrification days with wash pot, clothes line and canning jars. The newest addition to the museum, points our McDaniel, is the Mullins Room. Contrasting dramatically in design and contents, the room underlines the accomplishments of the town’s citizens, covering gamut of professions from doctors to bankers, political personalities to beauty queens, and farmers to athletes. The mystique of yesteryear and times no longer congruous with the present century has attracted visitors from across the nation as well as overseas. “My grandmother ha one of these,” is an often heard comment as quests marvel at the ingenuity and hardiness of ancestors who faced adversities daily. Located in the heart of Mullins, at 104 North East Front St., the museum utilizes an abandoned depot remodeled by the town. Open Monday through Friday from 9:00 until 5:00, the curator has found the tours a mecca for tourists as well as homefolks who “remember when...”

For more information call 1-843-464-8194 or 1-800 207-7967.

SPARTANBURG COUNTY AREA

Spartanburg Was Settled Before Revolution Spartanburg was first settled before the Revolution and its name is derived from a unit of Colonial forces recruited from the area known as ‘Spartan Rifles.’ Under the command of General Daniel Morgan, these forces defeated Tarleton’s Red Coats at the famous Battle of Cowpens about twelve miles northeast of Spartanburg in 1781. During the early development of this community, the area was known as the ‘Old Iron District’ because of the great amount of iron smelted here. In 1816, the first textile plant was established in the County. The City of Spartanburg was chartered by the South Carolina Legislature on December 17, 1831. Walnut Grove Plantation is on land granted by King George III to Charles Moore, the builder, when this section of South Carolina was the western frontier. The documented collection of antique furnishings and accessories vividly portrays living conditions in Spartanburg County prior to 1830.

Book on Spartanburg “Over the course of nearly two centuries more than 100,000 people labored in the red brick cotton mills and modern textile factories in Spartanburg County, South Carolina. Textile Town is their story.” It is one part historical narrative, one part scrapbook, one part encyclopedia and it is richly illustrated. “It represents the voice of scholars and blue-collar workers side by side in an exploration of this complex and compelling saga.” The volume is a product of the “Hub City Writers Project,” a group of more than forty writers and historians – many of them sons, daughters and grandchildren of textile workers. Paperback. 352 pages, 250 photos. $20. Write Hub City Writers Project, P.O. Box 8421, Spartanburg, SC 29305, call (864) 577-9349 or visit the website at www.hubcity.org

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Spartan Rifles A regiment of soldiers, the "Spartan Rifles," joined General Daniel Morgan here to rout the British in the Revolutionary War Battle of Cowpens. But long before that battle, before colonization, the Cherokee Indians lived in the area, and in 1730 a treaty was signed drawing the boundary between the province of South Carolina and the Cherokee nation. That boundary is now the line separating Spartanburg and Greenville Counties. Migration brought Indian traders and ranchers, and in 1755 the first families from Pennsylvania, Virginia and North Carolina, primarily Scotch-Irish, settled on the Tyger River. More battles of the Revolutionary War were fought in South Carolina than in any other colony, and many took place in and around Spartanburg - the Battles of Cedar Spring, Wofford's Iron Works, Musgrove's Mill, and the Battle of Cowpens, which is now memorialized in a national park. Spartanburg County, a thriving and prosperous area of the Piedmont, grew around a courthouse village settled in 1785. With the invention of the cotton gin in 1794, Spartanburg District became a cotton plantation region and a textile factory center. Spartanburg was incorporated in 1831, and the railroad arrived in 1859. The area enjoyed additional economic boosts during both World Wars with the opening of Camp Wadsworth and camp Croft. Agriculturally, cotton is no longer king. It has been supplemented primarily by peaches, and in a good growing year, Spartanburg County will ship more fresh peaches than the entire state of Georgia. For the first half of this century, textiles were the primary non-agricultural employment opportunity, and today textiles are still the primary single manufacturing employer in the county. But in the late 1950s and '60s, the county began to diversify its employment base. In the 1960s, a special effort of the community led to an influx of European firms, primarily from Germany and Switzerland. Today, the Spartanburg County economy is quite diverse, with about 400 manufacturers employing about 38 percent of the workforce. The New York Times and other publications have verified that Spartanburg County has the highest diversified per capita foreign investment of any county in the United States, with more than 60 international companies. With this comes a unique community, one steeped in the Old South heritage but embossed with international culture.

SITES OF HISTORICAL INTEREST General Daniel Morgan Statue - Revolutionary War Hero who defeated the British at the crucial Battle of Cowpens in 1781. Given to the City of Spartanburg by the 13 Original States and Tennessee. Morgan Square downtown. Walnut Grove Plantation - 1765 Restored home of Kate Barry, Revolutionary War heroine. Handsome interiors and period furnishings. Separate kitchen, school house, doctors office, barns, drovers’ house and family cemetery. Winner or several Governor's Special Travel Awards. Restored at cost in excess of $100,000. Hours: April-October 11 - 4:30 (Tuesday-Saturday). Sunday 2 - 4:30 year round. Closed Mondays and holidays. Telephone 576-6546. Special appointments made for groups. Nominal admission. Low heels requested. Take Church Street (U.S. 221) South 8 miles, turn left just before I-26 at S42-196 and follow signs. Cowpens National Battlefield - Impressive monument immortalizes what General George Washington terms Gen. Morgan’s “Signal Victory” over Colonel Tarelton's forces Jan. 17, 1781. Battle diagrams and recorded battle story. Six miles north of I-85 on S.C. 110 at S.C. 11. Spartanburg County Museum - Outstanding showcase of Spartanburg and the Up-Country. Graphic displays depict early history to the present. Nazareth Presbyterian Church - Historic brick church and adjoining cemetery. Earliest grave 1771. Church open by arrangement at parsonage. Take Reidville Road (S.C. 296) 6.5 miles to granite marker and go left 1/4 mile. Price House (Price's Post Office) - Built by Thomas Price c. 1793, this imposing 2 story brick home with steep Dutch gambrel roof has been restored and furnished with period pieces. Open Tuesdays - Saturdays 11 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. Sundays 2 4:30 p.m. Telephone 476-2483. Nominal admission. Located southwest of Switzer off of U.S. 221. Follow Country Road 199 approximately 3.4 miles to its end. Dr. James Bivings House - 1854 Beautiful grounds. House not open. 563 N. Church Street. Central Methodist Church - 1885 English Gothic. 233 N. Church Street.

Rural residents will be pleased to know that AMERIGAS is the authorized distributor for Propanegas in both bottled and bulk forms. This friendly concern specializes in personalized service and regular deliveries to all outlying areas. You won’t be without the clean warmth of gas with this reliable company on the job. Located at 8890 Asheville Hwy. in Spartanburg, phone 864-5785886, this is one fuel company which realizes the importance of keeping the customer satisfied. Whether you’re a small or large user of Propanegas, AMERIGAS will do their utmost to keep you satisfied. They value their customers above all else and their record of dependability shows it! Please feel free to give them a call anytime you have a question regarding Propanegas service in the local area. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review would like to congratulate this well run firm for their customer satisfaction and constant improvements. Everyone at AMERIGAS would like to thank their customers for past business and support, and remind you they are of service to the entire area!

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SPARTANBURG COUNTY AREA

COWPENS NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD IN BRIEF

Cowpens National Battlefield commemorates a decisive battle that helped turn the tide of war in the Southern Campaign of the American Revolution. On this field on January 17, 1781, Daniel Morgan led his army of tough Continentals, militia and cavalry to a brilliant victory over Banastre Tarleton's force of British regulars. The battle at the "Cow Pens" is recognized by historians as one of the most important of the American Revolution. Coming on the heels of a patriot victory at nearby Kings Mountain on October 7, 1780, it was the second successive staggering defeat for British forces under General Charles Cornwallis. Only nine months after the Battle of Cowpens, Cornwallis was forced to surrender his army to General George Washington at Yorktown, Virginia in October 1781. Located near intersection of Highway 11 and Highway 110 Chesnee. For further information phone (864) 461-2828.

Spartanburg County Historical Association In 1957 the Spartanburg County Historical Association was founded with a mission to promote and encourage interest in all aspects of the history of Spartanburg County. Speakers present programs at annual meetings and special tours are arranged for the public. The Drover's Post, which is sent to all members, contains information regarding regional history and announcements of meetings, programs and tours. FestiFall, a colonial living history festival, is held at Walnut Grove Plantation the first weekend in October each year. Taste of the Backcountry, a cooking festival, is held the first Saturday in April at the Price House. Although the Historical Association does not work with genealogical research, it does maintain files on historic properties, sites, events, etc. that relate to Spartanburg County. For questions, or information about becoming a member: SCHA P.O. Box 887 Spartanburg, SC 29304 (864) 596-3501 [email protected]

The Historical Association operates four properties:

• Walnut Grove Plantation • The Regional Museum of History • The Seay House • Price House

HISTORICAL NOTES OF THE SPARTANBURG AREA Spartanburg's origins go back into early American history. Its name was taken from a unit of American Revolutionary forces called the “Spartan Rifles”—organized at nearby Glendale—which fought valiantly to help defeat the British at the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781. After the war, Spartanburg began to flourish and in 1831 was incorporated as a city. Its first newspaper, THE CAROLINA SPARTAN, was founded in 1844. Quickly thereafter came educational institutions and a railroad connecting with Charleston and other coastal cities. The area became a favorite summer vacation spot for Low Country residents, particularly at Glenn Springs—at one time a thriving Up Country spa. Cotton was king but the County eventually became the largest peach shipping county in the U.S., usually shipping “more peaches annually than the entire state of Georgia. Textile mills developed, more rail and other transportation facilities came into being, population soared and the New South was a reality here. Over 100 churches were established. Central Methodist was founded in 1837. The First Baptist at 250 East Main is the largest and with its 7-foot golf cross atop its Colonial-style sanctuary has the highest steeple in the State (198 feet). The exquisite stone Chapel of the First Presbyterian Church at 393 East Main—with its Wilett stained glass windows—is one of the finest examples of classic gothic architecture in the entire South.

MUSGROVE MILL STATE HISTORIC SITE Musgrove Mill State Historic Site captures a moment that shows what a true “civil war: the American Revolution was, a bloody struggle that in that particular encounter may have included only one British-born soldier among hundreds of combatants from across the Carolina back country. The battle occurred on Aug. 19,1780, after about 200 Patriot militiamen decided to strike an equal number of Tories gathered at Musgrove Mill. Instead, they found themselves outnumbered, the Tories having been joined by 300 provincial regulars. Retreat was impossible, a frontal assault suicidal. So, the Patriot force took a strong defensive position and lured the Loyalists into a fierce fight that marked one of the few times that Patriot militia bested a larger force of provincial regulars and Tory militia. The site is now a hub for the Cradle of Democracy project, which seeks to further the understanding of South Carolina’s pivotal role in the creation of the nation. The Legend Of Mary Musgrove Mary Musgrove was the daughter of Edward Musgrove (1720-1790), a prominent settler who established a plantation and mill on a main transportation route at a ford on the Enoree River. Legend has it that she provided food and information to a Patriot militiaman, a blacksmith named Gailbreth Robertson, while he hid at the falls that later became known as Horseshoe Falls. Her heroism and patriotism were re-created in a penny novel published in 1835 and a monument to her stands near the site of her home. The Cradle of Democracy There were at least 180 battles fought during the Revolutionary War in South Carolina. That history is being explored through the Cradle of Democracy, a joint effort of the State Park Service, the National Park Service and the Palmetto Conservation Foundation. The project combines the talent and resources of National Park Service and State Park Service sites such as Cowpens, Ninety-Six, Kings Mountain, and Fort Moultrie in an effort to protect, preserve, and interpret the Palmetto State’s vast Revolutionary War Resources. Musgrove Mill State Historic Site serves as an orientation center for the Cradle of Democracy initiative. A Natural Setting The Enoree River, Cedar Shoals Creek and Horseshoe Falls and the surrounding woods provide a scenic, serene setting for the park. The park is located off State Highway 56, approximatley seven miles northeast of exit #52 on I-26, at 398 State Park Road in Clinton, South Carolina. (864)938-0100. The park is open Thursday- Monday (year-round) from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Hours are subject to change. For the most updated information on this park and any other state parks in South Carolina, call 1-888-88-PARKS. www.SouthCarolinaParks.com

PAGE 9

The Kazoo

The State House

Factory

Mr. Charles C. Wilson, of Columbia (last architect of the State House) declares that South Carolina’s State House is “one of the notable buildings of the world.” Designed by Maj. John R. Niernsee, whom death prevented from carrying out what he said was “his life work,” and in vital particulars his plans were afterwards departed from. December 15, 1851, cornerstone for a “Fire Proof Building” was laid and in 1852 General Assembly appropriated $50,000 to complete it and to begin next section as “New State Capitol.” P.H. Hammerskold was the architect, and in May, 1854, he was dismissed for “concealments and misinterpretations and general dereliction of duty.” August 3, 1854, Niernsee was elected architect. He reported work and materials defective, wholly unsuitable, and the work was taken down, with a total loss of $72,267. Nov. 27, 1854, Gov. John. L. Manning recommended that new building be located at intersection of Senate and Richardson (now Main) Streets, with north and south exposures, declaring: “If change of location be made, in the end, perhaps it may not be a subject much to be regretted that delay and disaster attended the first efforts to construct a new Capitol for the commonwealth.” The General Assembly ordered location of new building changed, with wings extending east and west, as at present. Niernsee planned to complete building in 5 yrs. In 1857 it had advanced to top of basement window-heads. October 1, 1860, he reported the “absolute value of work put into the building” to be $1,240,063, and the structure as advanced to nearly 66 ft. above the foot of the foundation. “The Corinthian granite capitols, some 64, are being executed in a style and finish heretofore unequalled in that line.” (Mr. Wilson characterizes this work as “wonderful, nothing finer in France or Italy.”) Work was suspended when Sherman’s army destroyed Columbia on February 17, 1865. Only slight damage was done to the building by the shells, as the cannons were of light calibre, but the loss caused by the destruction of the old State House, with its valuable library; the offices, workshops, etc. with their priceless contents of plans, drawings and models, the work of 10 yrs.; and a vast quantity of finished marble and rough material was estimated by Niernsee as amounting to $700,000. “But 6 balls struck the western front,” with little damage “except one which shattered the moulded windowsill and balusters of the 2nd window (from the House of Representatives.” Four shots struck the interior of the building - 10 shots in all. Brass markers are placed at the spots on the west and southwest. Damage to the quoin-stones and basement cornice at the southwestern corner was caused “by the proximity of the fire from the adjacent old State House Building.” “One of the latest and best busts of Calhoun” was destroyed. Five “bells of St. Michael’s Church, Charleston, sent up here some time ago, deposited under one of the sheds, were cracked by fire and made useless, except the metal for recasting.” Niernsee’s library of architectural and scientific books, engravings, and several thousand drawings, the result of his practice of 25 yrs., with all the valuable detail State House drawings, contracts, etc., which had accumulated during 10 yrs.,” “were utterly swept away during that terrible night” - an irreparable loss.” Nothing remains of these drawings but several prints of a perspective view and one full size detail of a Corinthian capitol, but this perspective and evidence in the building itself indicate his conception of the completed building. His plan did not contemplate a dome anything like that now on the building, but a lofty and finely-proportioned tower rising through center of building, and supported on piers and arches from the ground up - a “rectangular lantern” somewhat pyramidal in outline, 30 ft. square at base, 180 ft. above ground, and to cost $200,000. Niernsee returned to Columbia as architect in 1885 to resume work, but died June 7. Succeeded by a former associate J. Crawford Neilson, of Baltimore, and on Oct. 1, 1888, by his son, Frank Niernsee, who successfully carried on the work, mainly on the interior, until it was again suspended about 1891. In 1900, Frank P. Milburn, was appointed architect. He replaced the roof and built present dome and north and south porticos at a cost of about $175,000, McIlvain & Unkefer being contractors. Senator J.Q. Marshal, of the Commission, protested strongly against Milburn’s appointment. He finally secured investigation of the work and Milburn and contractors were sued by Senate. There was a mistrial and case was not re-tried. A Joint Legislative Committee, after calling in Capt. S.S. Hunt, Supt. of Construction of U.S. Capitol, characterized the dome as “infamous, no uglier creation could be devised, and it is nothing short of a miserable fraud.” April 8, 1904, Chas. C. Wilson, of Columbia, was elected architect, under whom sundry items of improvements and equipment, on interior were made, and terrace and steps on north front building. This work continued several years at total cost of about $100,000. Mr. Wilson says: “The style of the building is in Roman Corinthian, with consid-

The Original American Kazoo Company was established in 1916 and is now the only metal kazoo factory in North America. The museum highlights history, amusing trivia, and shows step by step the way kazoos are made. This working museum continues to manufacture a complete line of kazoos. Believe it or not, kazoos are made the same way today as in 1916. The machines that make kazoos are the same die presses that were installed in 1907 when the building housed a sheet metal workshop. Over the years, demand for kazoos became so great that the other metal operations ceased. Today, as in the past, over 20 machines are run with one 10 horsepower motor connected with overhead jack shafts and leather belts. The factory is truly one of the few remaining working museums.

The Birth of the American Kazoo

The kazoo was invented by an American named Alabama Vest and made to his specifications by a German clock master named Thaddeus Von Clegg in Macon, Georgia back in the 1840's. A traveling salesman by the name of Emil Sorg brought the idea of manufacturing metal kazoos to Western New York in about 1912. He teamed up with Michael McIntyre, a Buffalo tool and die maker, and together they found a way to manufacture the first production kazoos. McIntyre moved to Eden, New York where he went into partnership with Harry Richardson, the owner of a metal forming plant. The kazoo has become as American as apple pie. It is the most democratic of instruments because anyone can play.

Did you know the Kazoo was Patented in 1923?

McIntyre and Richardson began producing metal kazoos in 1914. McIntyre even received a patent for the kazoo in 1923. Samuel Whetzle was the key employee who later married the boss' daughter and took over the business in 1939. After running the plant for many years, Whetzle sold the company to a group of Buffalo investors. In 1985, the company was sold to Brimms Inc., a local family business run by the father & son team of Robert and David Berghash. In 2003, the Berghash’s deeded the Kazoo Gift Shop and Museum to the Claddagh Foundation, Inc. and handed the factory operation over to Suburban Adult Services, who use the original machines to continue to produce metal kazoos today. In the Fall of 2005, Claddagh transferred the museum to Suburban and sold the gift shop to two longtime Eden residents who continue to run the Kazoo Boutique Gift Shop today.

Museum & Tours

Kazoos of all shapes and sizes are permanently displayed in the museum. Our collection chronicles the history of kazoos as well as the factory. Display cases contain several types of wooden kazoos, liquor bottle shaped kazoos that celebrated the end of prohibition, antique kazoo instruments, silver and gold kazoos, and many more. The museum is open Tuesday-Sunday and you can view kazoos being made on the original equipment (Wed-Fri), or use our Make Your Own Kazoo station to make your own($)! There is a free Self-guided tour available, but for larger groups of more than 6, please call to make an appointment for our free tour. Our staff will be happy to explain the manufacturing process. Open year round. Call 716-992-3960 to schedule your free tour appointment The factory, museum and gift shop are located at: 8703 South Main Street, Eden, NY 14057 Phone: 716-992-3960 Open Year Round: Tues. - Sat. 10AM - 5PM, Friday 10AM - 7 PM, Sunday 12PM - 5 PM Closed on Monday

continued on page 10

PAGE 10

PICKENS COUNTY AREA THE STATE HOUSE - continued from page 9

John C. Calhoun Biography

Excerpted From “GROLIER ENCYCLOPEDIA” John Caldwell Calhoun, (1782-1850), kal-hoon', American statesman and political philosopher. From 1811 until his death he served in the federal government, successively as congressman, secretary of war, VICE PRESIDENT, senator, secretary of state, and again as senator. Always he was at the heart of the issues of his time, notably the nullification crisis and the conflict over slavery. Loyal to his nation, to his state of South Carolina, and, above all, to his principles, he sought to preserve the union while advancing Southern interests.

Early Career

erable freedom and distinguished originality in much of the detail. The workmanship of Maj. Niernsee’s time is exceptionally fine, indicating not only his great genius of mechanics of the highest skill and integrity. “All credit for this noble and dignified building is due to the original designer and architect, Maj. John R. Niernsee. It is due him and to future generations of South Carolinians that it be protected from further departure from his design, and in good time, in the State’s future prosperity, it is not too much to hope that it may yet be restored to his ideal.” Appropriations for the building have been verified in legislative documents to the amount of $3,540,000, the records of several other years not being available.

Born in Abbeville District, S.C., on March 18, 1782, Calhoun grew up in an atmosphere of controversy and social change. The extension of cotton culture was bringing slavery into the up-country, where small farmers like his father were challenging the political dominance of the low-country planters. Calhoun was largely self-educated before he entered Yale as a junior in 1801. He graduated with honors in 1804; went on to law school, in Litchfield, Conn.; and was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1807. Practicing in his native district, he quickly gained the reputation that took him to the state legislature. There, from 1809 to 1811, he helped establish an enduring balance of power between South Carolina's tidewater planters and piedmont farmers. Calhoun's own future, both socially and economically, was assured by his marriage in 1811 to a wealthy cousin, Floride Bonneau Calhoun. The couple settled at Abbeville, moving in 1825 to the Fort Hill plantation near Pendleton, the future site of Clemson University.

Editor’s Note: In Mr. A.S. Salley’s history of the State House it is stated that the granite for this handsome structure was quarried in the immediate vicinity of Columbia, the greater part of it coming from the Granby quarry located about 2 miles south of the State House.

National Politics

BUSINESS • COMMERCIAL CONTRACTOR • HOMEOWNER

Calhoun entered CONGRESS in 1811. He was one of the group of young nationalists urging war with Britain to redeem America's honor. Calhoun introduced the war report of 1812, and throughout the contest he urged measures to strengthen the armed forces and to finance the war. When hostilities were over he proposed reconstruction measures and supported what came to be known as the "American System"--a combination of protective tariff, internal transportation, and national bank. As secretary of war in James Monroe's cabinet, he contributed significantly to the reorganization of the Army and to the extension of the Western frontier. In 1824, Calhoun was elected vice president of the United States with support from both the Adams and Jackson factions. He served under the victorious John Quincy ADAMS, but in 1828 he supported Andrew JACKSON and was again elected to the vice presidency when Jackson won the presidency. Between the close of the War of 1812 and the election of 1828, the American scene had changed radically. A postwar depression had aroused a hard core of hostility against the Bank of the United States and had brought the first of a long series of increases in the tariff. The perennial question of state versus national power had been reopened by a series of centralizing Supreme Court decisions, while the Missouri Compromise of 1821 revealed an unsuspected depth of sectional cleavage over slavery. Although the cultivation of new lands contributed to overproduction and falling prices, the Southern cotton planters blamed their misfortunes on the tariff, which by raising the cost of manufactured goods tended to depress the foreign market for their own staple. In South Carolina, men talked ominously of calculating the value of the union. The very high Tariff of 1828 drove the cotton states to the verge of rebellion. Calhoun had turned against the tariff after 1824, but Jackson's position was equivocal. To advise the incoming president of what the South expected of him, the South Carolina legislature asked Calhoun to prepare a report. The resulting document, known as the South Carolina Exposition (1828), was the first explicit statement of Calhoun's unique political philosophy.

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Nullification

The theory that a state might nullify--that is, refuse to obey--an act of Congress it believed unconstitutional had been implied as early as 1798 by MADISON and JEFFERSON in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions against the Alien and Sedition laws. The doctrine of states' rights, based on the concept that each of the states originally had been sovereign and independent, had been expounded for a generation. From these theories Calhoun derived his remedy. If the tariff were not reduced, he argued, the states might "interpose their sovereignty" to arrest the application of the law. Congress failed to reduce the duties, and some South Carolinians were ready to put the theory to the test. To restrain the hotheads, Calhoun issued a further exposition of his doctrines, the Fort Hill Address of 1831. But when the Tariff of 1832 declared protection to be the fixed policy of the country, revolt broke out anew. Calhoun again amplified his doctrine, in a letter to Gov. James Hamilton, Jr., of South Carolina, but the time for words had passed. In November 1832 a special convention declared the tariff null and void within the state. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency to reenter the SENATE, where he could better defend South continued on page 11

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PICKENS COUNTY AREA

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A Brief History ★★★★★★★★★★★★ Of Pickens County UY WE B D KE WREC ! R CA S

Pickens County was a native Cherokee territory until the American Revolution. The Cherokee's sided with the British, suffered defeat, and surrendered their South Carolina lands. (Andrew Pickens and the Hopewell Treaty) The former Cherokee territory was generally known as the Washington District as it was included in the Ninety Six Judicial District that was created in 1769. This region was composed of the present day Counties of Greenville, Anderson, Pickens and Oconee. Streets for the district courthouse town of Pickensville (near present day Easley) were laid off and soon a small cluster of businesses and homes arose. After the 1789 creation of the Greenville District, the state legislature created the Pendleton District and moved the courthouse to the town of Pendleton. In 1826, the Anderson district was created, leaving today's Oconee and Pickens Counties as the Pickens District. The District courthouse was in the town of Pickens, located on the banks of the Keowee River, about a mile from today's Oconee Nuclear Station. In 1868, when the district was divided into Oconee and Pickens Counties, the town of Pickens was then moved 14 miles east to its present location, just south of the historic Hagood Mill. Prior to that move, as well as afterwards, the Hagood Mill provided a gathering place where locals could meet and discuss topics like politics, crops, social activities, or just to exchange ideas. For many years the mill remained a vital link that brought together the rural upcountry pioneers. JOHN C. CALHOUN - continued from page 10

Carolina's action. Ultimately a compromise tariff was negotiated, largely by Henry Clay. By this time Jackson and Calhoun were sharply at odds. The president had now learned that Calhoun, when secretary of war, had opposed Jackson's pursuit of marauding Seminoles into Spanish Florida. After the nullification episode the gulf became unbridgeable, as Jackson fervently opposed that doctrine. When Jackson removed the government deposits from the Bank of the United States in 1833, Calhoun, though not a strong Bank supporter, joined the Whig opposition in censure of the president. He did not return to the DEMOCRATIC PARTY until the late 1830's.

REED’S USED AUTO PARTS Locally Owned & Operated Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. When the people of the Pickens County area need used auto parts, they usually head straight for REED’S USED AUTO PARTS at 1075 Earls Bridge Rd. in Easley, phone 864-8590534, www.reedsautoparts.com. Here, they can be assured of getting the part they need and something that’s unusual these days: courteous service and low prices! With acres and acres of wrecks in their yard, this prominent firm has been serving the area with the best used parts and a thorough knowledge of the automotive industry. More often than not, the part you want is easily located and, once installed, will yield years and years of practical service. If your car is damaged beyond repair, they’ll buy it for cash. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm as one of the leading businesses in Pickens County! HAVE A SAFE & HAPPY NEW YEAR!

Sectional Strife

By that time party politics, for Calhoun, had been superseded by sectional interests. As the antislavery crusade gained momentum in the North, he became preoccupied with the political defense and intellectual justification of the "peculiar institution" on which Southerners generally believed their whole economy rested. He supported the Independent Treasury plan proposed by President Martin VAN BUREN as an alternative to a national bank and opposed Whig attempts to restore the tariff, but for the most part the last 15 years of his life were devoted to the promotion of Southern unity. In the Senate, Calhoun engineered passage of the gag rule that precluded discussion of slavery. As secretary of state in the last year of John TYLER's administration (1844), he arranged the annexation of Texas, which he justified on the ground that it would enlarge the area open to slavery and so help preserve sectional balance in the union. Back in the Senate in 1846, he led the battle against the Wilmot Proviso, which would have excluded slavery from territories acquired as a result of the Mexican War. He was still insisting upon the right of the slaveholders to take their human chattels into any territory of the United States when he denounced the Compromise of 1850 almost with his last breath. Too ill to speak, Calhoun sat in the Senate while his final exhortation was read on March 4, 1850. His last appearance there was on March 7, when he heard and approved Daniel Webster's appeal for sectional peace. He died in Washington on March 31, 1850.

Philosophy

The substance of Calhoun's last speech was an argument for restoration of the sectional equilibrium that had existed from the earliest days of the republic by giving to each section, through its own majority, a veto on the acts of the federal government. This doctrine of the concurrent majority had been implicit in his nullification papers. It was amplified in the 1840's in a Disquisition on Government, intended as an introduction to a larger Discourse on the Constitution and Government of the United States. The Discourse and its prologue were published by the state of South Carolina shortly after his death. Although he was one of the intellectual progenitors of the Southern Confederacy, Calhoun never sought that solution. His tragedy was that his defense of an indefensible institution led him to reject democracy itself. His doctrine of representation by major interest groups influenced the functional federalism of a later day but in his own time only prepared the way for the destruction of the Union he loved.

carolina muffler shop Proudly Serving You In Pickens County Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. Saturday 8:00 A.M. - 3:00 P.M. Does your car sound like a double A fuel dragster? Maybe it's time for you to visit CAROLINA MUFFLER SHOP and have a new muffler installed. If you didn't know it, a faulty exhaust system robs power from your engine, adds greatly to air and noise pollution, and can be hazardous to your passengers. A quick stop at CAROLINA MUFFLER SHOP, located at 1603 East Main St. in Easley, phone 864-306-1003, will let these professionals check out your car and recommend the exact replacement. A short installation period and you're back on the road in a safe, quiet car. They have in stock mufflers for most any make or model car and will install the proper unit while you wait. CAROLINA MUFFLER SHOP also specializes in custom dual exhaust systems. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to include CAROLINA MUFFLER SHOP among the area's leading businesses. CAROLINA MUFFLER SHOP thanks the people of this area for placing their complete trust and confidence in them, and wishes everyone a safe and happy New Year!

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PICKENS COUNTY AREA

★★★★★ S C FRANKS CHAPEL OF REMEMBRANCE Locally Owned & Operated By Luther Johnson, Jr.

PICKENS COUNTY MUSEUM OF ART & HISTORY

Join Us on a Heritage Adventure! The South Carolina National Heritage Corridor extends 240 miles across South Carolina, stretching from the mountains of Oconee County, along the Savannah River, to the port city of Charleston. The 14 counties of the corridor offer a cross-section of the state's history, culture, and natural landscapes. The area describes the evolution of upcountry and lowcountry life, from grand plantations and simple farms to mill villages and urban centers, and how their history affected South Carolina as a state and America as a nation. The South Carolina National Heritage Corridor was established by the U.S. Congress in 1996 as one of a select number of National Heritage Areas -- regions in which entire communities live and work, and where residents, businesses, and local governments have come together to conserve special landscapes and their own heritage. It encompasses a region of the state which retains a large percentage of rural landscapes. The corridor contains an array of intact cultural resources representative of three major components of the state's development. Some of the earliest permanent European settlements in the American South. The invention and development of the plantation

Always there in time of need, the S C FRANKS CHAPEL OF REMEMBRANCE at 301 East Main St. in Liberty, phone 864843-6309, is recognized as being one of the area’s foremost funeral directors. This established concern has helped a great many local families through their time of sorrow through compassionate funeral arrangements and complete service. This qualified funeral director will be glad to lend whatever assistance you need for preplanning your family’s funeral arrangements. They offer a wide variety of plans which can be suited to most any situation. S C FRANKS CHAPEL OF REMEMBRANCE has handled many dignified funerals for people of all faiths and all walks of life. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review urge you to trust your family’s arrangements to this qualified firm. Luther and everyone at S C FRANKS CHAPEL OF REMEMBRANCE thank the people of this area for placing their complete trust and confidence in them, and wish everyone a safe and happy New Year! HAVE A SAFE & HAPPY NEW YEAR!

continued on page 13

UNCLE SAM’S ANTIQUES & COLLECTIBLES Monday - Friday 9:00 A.M. - 6:00 P.M. Saturday 10:30 A.M. - 6:00 P.M.

The Old Stone Church (on U.S. Highway 76 between Pendleton and Clemson), shown on old maps as "Stone Meeting House," was constructed of field stone between 1797 and 1802 for the Presbyterian congregation of HOpewell-on-the-Keowee. General Andrew Pickens and General Robert Anderson were two of the first elders of the church and are buried in the adjoining cemetery. Photo courtesy of Pendleton District Commission.

Tasteful, stylish and definitely unique! These are just a few words which could describe UNCLE SAM’S ANTIQUES & COLLECTIBLES, the area’s unusual antique specialist. Located at 108 North 1st St. in Easley, phone 864-8552150, this respected local merchant deals in the very special and unusual lines of antiques and collectibles from art to furniture, from crystal to primitives, from memorabilia to miniatures. Their selection is one of the very finest to be found anywhere, and they add their own “very special” service to every transaction. You’ll like doing business with this quality-minded firm as much as you like their distinctive antiques and collectibles. The authors of this 2009 Historical Review would like to compliment this outstanding antique store for their beautiful selection of unique and antique merchandise. Uncle Sam and Griffin Hill thank their customers for past business and support, and remind you they are of service to the entire area in the future!

PICKENS COUNTY AREA

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HERITAGE ADVENTURE - continued from page 12

system of agriculture, and the interrelationship of historic trade routes, the coastal ports, and the settlement of the state's upland region. The area also contains specific sites of importance to the Revolutionary and Civil wars, and numerous state recreational facilities. This corridor, bounded at one end by the ancient port city of Charleston and at the other by the CENTRAL HISTORY MUSEUM mountains of the Blue Ridge, contains historic, cultural, and natural resources that tell the vibrant story of South Carolina's -- and the South's -- centuries-long evolution and culture. By following the two routes described in this article, the visitor will learn of rice and indigo, pirates and patriots, slaves and freemen, cotton fields and mill villages, swamps and waterfalls, railroads and backroads, soul food and "pig-pickin's," spirituals and bluegrass. From Table Rock Mountain to the wharves of McClellanville, the South Carolina National Heritage Corridor is a setting within which southern history and lifestyle is alive and accessible, in all its rich variety of cultures. We hope you will use this website and join us soon in an adventure of entertainment and experience. The 240 miles and fourteen counties that comprise the South Carolina National Heritage Corridor are divided into four distinct regions that, together, provide a cross-section of the landscape, history, and culture of the corridor. As you travel along the corridor, you will experience the history, nature, and lifestyles of the rural South. Two routes -- the Discovery Route and the Nature Route -- run the entire length of the Heritage Corridor, connecting special places within the fourteen counties and creating one unfolding heritage tourism destination. Locations of great natural beauty, recreational opportunities, military history, birding, local arts and crafts, agricultural traditions, and the state's rich African American heritage are identified and interpreted along the way. Plan your vacation or day trip around one of these routes, and South Carolina's heritage will unfold before you. continued above

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Discovery Route

The Discovery Route begins in Charleston, which traces its origins back to 1670. As the route progresses west and north, it moves forward through time, visiting plantations and slave quarters where rice, indigo, and cotton cultivation led to a unique and vanished lifestyle. The trail follows where the Best Friend of Charleston once ran on the nation's first passenger railroad and where those early rail lines led to the creation of small market towns among the expansive cotton fields. Still further west and north, the route begins to wind through mill towns, with their distinctive neighborhoods, town squares, and factories. It was water power that made most of these mill towns thrive, and as the route begins to wind into the mountain foothills, these waterways add much to the area's special beauty and recreational opportunities. In the upper part of the route and western end of the state, towns like Pendleton, Westminster, and Walhalla take the visitor to the very edge of Appalachian culture.

Nature Route

Beginning at magnificent Table Rock State Park, the Nature Route follows the Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway. It meanders west and south along the foothills of the Blue Ridge, past a series of historic sites and wonderful state parks. The route leaves the Cherokee Foothills National Scenic Highway where it meets the Savannah River Scenic Highway. The Nature Route then follows the Savannah River Scenic Highway for over 100 miles through national forests and small towns, past beautiful lakes and towering dams. After leaving the Savannah River National Scenic Highway, the trail moves east, through rich forests and farmland, heading into the lowcountry of South Carolina. Soon the route enters the ACE Basin National Wildlife Refuge, a vast swamp and marshland drained by the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto rivers. This unique wonderland of natural beauty is remarkably unspoiled and is being preserved and interpreted for the generations to come. Passing through Charleston, the Nature Route moves up the coast of South Carolina, ending in the Francis Marion National Forest, with stops at the Seewee Center, Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, and the picturesque fishing village of McClellanville. For More Information Contact: South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism • (803) 734-1700

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GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA continued from below

Arms For The Palmetto Republic Written by Travis Parrish Additional historical informational research by Jamie Cole On December 25th, 1860 Governor Pickens had feared, and those fears were not unfounded, that Major Robert Anderson of Federal Forces could possibly move his forces, vulnerable at Ft. Moultrie, to the more strategically located Ft. Sumter, which would be much easier to defend located some 3 miles from Charleston at the mouth of the harbor. However, the governor and his worries were overridden by the Christmas season. Charlestonians are more concerned about getting ready for Christmas holidays than the issues at hand. Untouched by the holiday climate, Governor Pickens impelled his wife Lucy to postpone the Christmas reception. Lucy would not stand for it - she adamantly declared that a display of celebration and festivities was in order for the newly gained independent South Carolina, as well as the holidays. An orchestra had already been retained and the chief cook and dining staff at the Charleston Hotel were engaged in laying out provisions for a lavish banquet. The event went forward as planned. The Confederate and State Representatives of the new Palmetto Republic were caught up in the euphoria of the holiday season and overlooked the oncoming calamity. On December 27, 1860 Governor Pickens, S.C. State Representatives and Confederate officials were astonished to see the stars and stripes flying from the ramparts over at Ft. Sumter. They were most outraged to say the least. The first overture of the War Between the States was to culminate when Major Anderson raised the U.S. Flag over Ft. Sumter. Governor Pickens' main concern at this point was the defense of Charleston. In December of 1860, William Glaze, a patriotic South Carolinian, proposed to make muskets or rifles for the new Palmetto Republic. He claimed he could produce them in six months. With the crisis at hand and ongoing hostilities of an impending war, this was too long of a wait. The newspaper of the time stated that a Dr. Maynard of Maynard Arms in Massachusetts was in Charleston seeking a contract for arms for the newly formed Palmetto Republic. Dr. Edward Maynard and the Massachusetts Arms Company, prior to the war, had sold a number of arms to the southern states. The U. S. Revenue Service had purchased 200 Maynard Rifles which were to be delivered to Charleston by December of 1860. However, when the U.S. Revenue Cutter, the William Aiken was seized in the Charleston Harbor, this shipment of rifles was aboard, and they fell into unifying Confederate and State hands like peaches falling in a basket. This was the first overt act by the South. This action is sometimes overlooked by some historians. It was rumored that Colt was coming to town. This was more than a rumor. Mr. A. H. Colt, of Colt's Improved Firearms, just happened to be staying at the Charleston Hotel, whereas he solicited Governor Pickens for an order at that time and stated that he was duly authorized to make contracts for the immediate supply of any arms manufactured by Colonel Samuel Colt. . "I have now in this city specimens that I will be pleased to submit to his Excellency's military council". Mr. Colt further states no one else in this city is authorized to make contracts for Colt's Improved Firearms. In the event the William Aiken occurrence on December 27, 1860 fails to meet the standards as an Act of War, the seizure of Castle Pickney by state forces clearly does. When Colonel Pettigrew returned from Ft. Sumter with Major Anderson's negative response, Governor Pickens, without the legal unanimous consent of the state legislature, continued above

sent 3 companies of elite troops drawn from the Washington Light Infantry to seize Castle Pickney as well as Ft. Moultrie. Castle Pinckney was the first Federal Fort taken over by a Southern Government and the first time a Southern Government received the surrender of a Federal Military Position. On December 28, 1860 state troops seized a U.S. Post Office and the Customs House. On December 30, 1860 the U.S. arsenal is seized by the State. On January 1, New Year's Day, more mobilization and reinforcement is ongoing. January 2, 1861, Ft. Johnson is seized by state troops. On January 5, 1861 Governor Pickens hears of an exhibition force onboard the Star of the West leaving New York City, Charleston bound, to relieve Ft. Sumter. Governor Pickens directs Colonel Edward Manigault to procure from Colt 250 navy pistols. These will arm over 2 companies of troops. It may be ironic, but the truth again comes to light after 142 years, at Governor Picken’s own hometown newspaper, the Edgefield Advertiser, a newspaper that was in print before and after the hostilities and still extant today in the new millennium. Something else that has never come to light is that Colt has always wanted to be a functional Colonel. He in fact became a Colonel and was appointed Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Colt Revolving Rifles of Connecticut on May 16, 1861. However, his appointment was short-lived - it lasted barely over a month. On June 20, 1861, General Order No. 307 stated the First Regiment Colt Revolving Rifles of Connecticut is hereby disbanded and all commissions issued to officers and said Regiment are revoked. The reason to date is unknown. It has long been speculated as to who received the first contract to arm the Palmetto Republic, which through cessation had became not only a sovereign state but also a sovereign nation and the birthplace of the Confederacy. On December 26, 1860, Colt was awarded the contract to manufacture and supply 250 navy pistols to the newly formed Palmetto Republic. By January 12, 1861, William Glaze finally was awarded a contract to manufacture and supply cast round shot at 5 cents per pound and shells at 6 cents a pound.

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YORK COUNTY AREA

Happy ar! New Ye

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rock hill pawn shop Proudly Serving This Area For 20 Years Locally Owned & Operated By Douglas Mason

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Need money? ROCK HILL PAWN SHOP loans money on most anything of value! This reputable pawnbroker has established an enviable reputation for loaning the most and their large number of repeat customers shows it. Located at 2009 Cherry Rd. in Rock Hill, phone 803-327-6500, this well-run shop specializes in the making of loans on such items as guns, knives, sporting goods, jewelry, watches, musical instruments, electronics, computers and much more. As a retail store, ROCK HILL PAWN SHOP has also been very successful in offering their customers some of the area's outstanding bargains on out-of-pawn merchandise. With Christmas right around the corner, stop in today and look over the selection of goods that he has to offer...you'll be sure to find something you like! The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding pawn shop among the area's leading businesses. Douglas and everyone at ROCK HILL PAWN SHOP thank their customers for past business and support, and invite the entire area to visit them soon!

TRES AMIGOS THANKS THEIR CUSTOMERS FOR PAST BUSINESS & SUPPORT, & INVITES YOU TO DINE WITH THEM REAL SOON!

HAPPY NEW YEAR!

Manager - Sam Ludlam Many people dream of someday owning their own home, and more and more of them are now realizing that the answer to this dream lies in the purchase of a quality manufactured home from a reputable dealer like LUV HOMES at 855 North Anderson Rd. in Rock Hill, phone 803-327-1121. This firm represents some of the best names in the business. Their qualified salespeople will be happy to sit down and discuss your requirements fully. At LUV HOMES, they will never rush you into a purchase. They don’t have to rely on “high powered” salesmanship because the quality of the products they carry speaks for itself. If you’re looking for a place to hang your hat and call home, talk to the people at LUV HOMES. They offer single, double wide, and modular homes in a wide range of decorator styles, with price tags that make sense. Manufactured homes have come a long way in recent years, and they now provide some of the best housing available. At LUV HOMES you will find the “best” of housing. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm among the area's leading businesses. Sam and his staff at LUV HOMES thank their customers for past business and support, and invite the entire area to visit them today!

HAPPY NEW YEAR!

Locally Managed By Chris Hoofnagle Looking for better prices on lumber and building materials? Check with the friendly people at LOWE’S OF YORK and find out what value in building materials really means. Conveniently located at 1010 East Liberty St. in York, phone 803-684-1548, this outstanding retail outlet has the selection, the service, and the low prices to draw customers from miles around! LOWE’S stocks over 46,000 products and has another 400,000 products available through their Special Order Service. LOWE’S offers professional installation on many items they sell, including water heaters, storm doors, vinyl flooring, carpet, appliances, blinds, ceiling fans, and fencing, to name a few. LOWE’S is committed to offering the best service and their knowledgeable professionals will assist you with all of your building needs. We, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list LOWE’S OF YORK among the area's leading businesses. The management and associates at LOWE’S OF YORK thank their customers for past business and support, and invite the entire area to shop with them soon.

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CHEROKEE COUNTY AREA

Kings Mountain History Farm The History Farm here at Kings Mountain State Park is not just an attempt to recreate an Upcountry farmstead of the 1850's, but also an opportunity to preserve a unique collection of 19th century log and timber structures from the Piedmont region of our state. Evidence uncovered while clearing the site indicates that a working farm did exist here, however, none of the present buildings are original to the site. These structures were moved to the Farm from various locations throughout the Upcountry or were constructed by members of the park staff in the vernacular style of the region. While touring the Farm you will see examples of two basic construction techniques: log and timber frame. Log construction was introduced to America by the Swedes and Finns who settled Delaware in the 1640's. These early settlers were transplanting an architectural style that had been developed into a fine art in the Scandanavian countries. A century later, German immigrants settling in Pennsylvania also brought with them a tradition of log construction which they carried into the frontier. Log construction fit in well with the conditions found on the American frontier, where sawmills were rare or unknown and there was a surplus of good timber to be cleared for farming. Other immigrant groups, notably the Scotch-lrish, saw the benefits of log construction and carried it from Pennsylvania to other areas of the colonies. Log construction arrived in this area of South Carolina via settlers moving down the valleys of the Appalachian chain from the North. It is worth noting that Yoric, Lancaster and Chester counties have namesakes in Pennsylvania. The traditianal English building method which arrived here via the coast is known as timber frame or mortise and tenon construction. Trees were hewn square and joined together into a frame which was covered by boards. The only example on the Farm of timber frame construction is the 1840's Cotton Gin. With the exception of the Farm Manager's House, which is chestnut, all the other structures are fashioned from pine. The two basic log construction styles represented here are round and hewn. The corn crib is the only building utilizing round log construction, and is also the only excepton to corner construction, which is a V-notch rather than half-dove tail Hewn log construction is represented by two styles on the Farm. (To hew a log is to remove and flatten the rounded surface with a broad ax.) The Farm Manager's House is the exception again and represents one style which has the logs hewn "square" or flattened on all four sides. The other hewn log buildings are hewn only on two sides which form the interior and exterior surfaces. Both types are "chinked," which was a traditional mixture of clay and straw, stuffed between the logs to seal out the cold and insects. The Upcountry of South Carolina was settled as early as the mid-1700's mainly by Scotch-lrish immigrants traveling down the Great Philadelphia Wagon Road which extended from the Pennsylvania frontier southward through Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and into the South Carolina Piedmont. These Scotch-lrish were Highland Scots who were moved into Northern Ireland by James I of England, and in later generations moved to the New World because of political conflict between the Crown and themselves. They were fiercely independent, clannish, strong believers in Calvinism and highly suspicious of outsiders. They were the vanguard of the frontier in the Southeast and their democratic ideas were to set the character for America's westward thrust in later decades. In the years prior to the American Revolution the Scotch-lrish were joined by Germans, English and African slaves who had followed the same road from Pennsylvania or had come from coastal settlements below the fall line. By the end of the 18th century this region had begun to lose its pioneer character and was continued on page 17

HISTORIC QUOTE "Show me your cemeteries and I'll tell you what kind of people you have." ... Benjamin Franklin

money matters pawn shop Locally Owned & Operated By Chris Spencer Monday - Friday – 9:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. Saturday 9:00 A.M. - 1:00 P.M. You know...sometimes you just need a few dollars to get you through until the next payday. Help is nearby when you stop in at MONEY MATTERS PAWN SHOP in Gaffney at 521 West Frederick St., phone 864-902-0202. They loan money on anything of value...and they'll probably loan you more! When you need a quick $20 or so, take that old shotgun, rifle or whathaveyou to this reliable pawnbroker and they'll see that you get the money you need. They specialize in short term loans for good, honest people just like you! MONEY MATTERS PAWN SHOP also serves as a retail outlet for all types of merchandise. So, whether you need some cash or want to save money on good, used merchandise, stop in at this well-managed shop. The authors of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm among the area's leading businesses.

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CHEROKEE COUNTY AREA

PAGE 17

KINGS MOUNTAIN - continued from page 16

continued from below

evolving into a mature farming community. In the following decades the farmers slowly adopted some elements of the plantation economy which was beginning to dominate South Carolina. Some might have owned a few slaves although the majority did not. The Kings Mountain Farm represents this process. Although not a palatial plantation as some of its neighbors may have been, the farm represents the culmination of many years of hard labor by a yeoman farmer and his family who had managed to rise above an existence of self-sufficiency to a position where cash crops could be sold for profit. Grains such as corn and wheat were often carried to market or converted into whiskey. It was cotton more and more which came to be the state's primary cash crop. Gins such as the one here at the farm were common throughout the Piedmont and could provide the owner with additional income. It was the ycoman farmers who were the backbone of the state and had as significant an influence in shaping the state's history as~their plantation neighbors. As you enter the farmstead try to relate each structure as a part of the whole, each dependent on the other. We hope that when you leave you will take with you a better understanding of 19th century farmers in the Carolina Piedmont and their lifestyle.

commonly found in the upcountry. 4. Outhouse 5. Outbuilding - This small barn is used for storage. One of the first buildings moved to the site, it has been reconstructed along traditional lines. It was located originally near Bullocks Creek in York County. 6. Blacksmith/Carpenter Shop - Houses the tools of both trades, which were important to the operation of the farm. This log structure was discovered within the walls of a frame house which was being demolished in Kershaw County, and is believed to date from the early 1820's. 7. Sorghum Mill and Cooker - After the sorghum cane is harvested in the fall, it is squeezed through the rollers at the cane mill. The cane juice collected is then placed in the cooker where the water is evaporated by heat leaving a thick dark syrup which was used as a sugar supplement. 8. Corn Crib - It was built by Park Staff using traditionai construction methods, round peeled logs with v-notch corners, and based on a traditional Appalachian design. As the name implies it was used to store corn. 9. Field - This area is planted in season with sorghum cane and corn which are consumed on the farm by family members and barnyard animals. 10. Cotton Gin - This 1840's ginhouse was moved to this site from Lexington County. It has undergone a great deal of reconstruction but evidence of the original structure is obvious in its beams, gear wheels and cotton press. The gin would have been housed in the upper story and turned by leather belts connected to the gear wheels which were operated by animals walking in a circle. Because of this the ground level space is free of posts. 11. Animal Farm - This building was brought from northeastern York County near Lake Wylie. It is used to store feed hay and harnesses. The sheds give shelter to the animats in bad weather. 12. Garden - Every homestead counted heavily on their gardens for vegetables. Farm families ate what they needed during the season and preserved their surplus by pickling and drying. 13. Ranger's Residence - This building was originally located north of York and purported to have been built in the early 19th century. It is built of chestnut logs hewn square and held together with half-dovetail comers. This is a private residence, so please respect its privacy. 14. Herb Garden - Households depended on these gardens for food flavorings, preservatives, and medicines.

Additional information or assistance may be secured by contacting the Superintenent, KINGS MOUNTAIN STATE PARK, Route 2, Box 230, Blacksburg, S.C 29702 Telephone (803) 222-3209

LEGEND

1. Privy - Built in traditional style by members of the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930's, this structure was moved to this site from the Kings Mountain National Military Park and converted into restrooms. 2. Homeplace - Originally located in rural York County near Sharon and McConnells, this log home is believed to have been built by a returning Civil War veteran in the late 1860's. The Homeplace is the center of crafts demonstrations and other household activities. 3. Smokehouse - Built by the Park Staff, this structure was built using authentic construction methods, hewn logs with half dovetail notches, to resemble a design

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PAGE 18

CHEROKEE COUNTY AREA

Cherokee County Chamber Of Commerce The Chamber of Commerce and the people of Cherokee County welcome you to our area of South Carolina. The City of Gaffney, which is the County Seat, and the Town of Blacksburg have many advantages of pleasant living in small cities and towns with most of the benefits of large cities which are less than an hour's drive away. In the Piedmont area of rolling terrain, we have the four seasons with winters short, early spring, summer and an extended fall. The mountains from our area are one hour away and the ocean four hours which provide our people with a wide range of recreation. We would like the opportunity to show you our County and point out the many advantages offered to industry, business and to those interested in residing in this area. We urge you to contact the Chamber Office by telephone, letter, or come by and let us assist you. We will be pleased to hear from you.

Gaffney Area Things To See And Do Limestone College was established as a private boarding college for women in 1845. The first males were admitted to the school, as day students only, in 1903. Limestone became a full coeducational institution in 1969. A self guided tour of this campus is available . Possum Trot School: a well preserved one room school house that was built in 1887. The school is located in front of Hamrick, Inc. at I-85, Exit 90. Cowpens National Battle Ground: From Gaffney - S.C. 11 to the Battle Ground Entrance. From I-85- Exit 83, north on S.C. 110 to S.C. 11, then right to Battle Ground Entrance. Kings Mountain National Military Park: From Gaffney - U.S. 29 to 21 then right on S.C. 21 to S.C. 216 (Battleground Road), then right on Battleground Road. From I-85 Exit 102, south on S.C. 210 to U.S. 29, then left on U.S. 29 to S.C. 21 then right on S.C. 21 to Battleground Road, then right on Battleground Road. The Million Gallon Peach: The Board of Public Works in Gaffney, S.C. built an elevated water storage tank in the shape of a peach in 1981. South Carolina produces more peaches than Georgia, and Gaffney is the home of the S.C. Peach Festival. The Peachoid water tank is located in Gaffney on Interstate 85 near the Exit for S.C. Highway 11- the Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway. The Historic Residential District with well cared for homes and streets is shaded by stately oak trees. A picture of the best in southern living. The Historic Downtown District with newly renovated main street. Oakland Cemetery

Overview Of Cherokee County Cherokee County can claim a major portion of the state's history as its own. Within the bounds of the county, two major battles of the Revolution and several minor skirmishes were fought. The Battle of Kings Mountain forced the British to reconsider their strategy and the Battle of Cowpens began the chain of events which ended the war. In 1804, Michael Gaffney, originally from Granard, Ireland, settled at what is now Gaffney, and shortly afterward opened a tavern where the roads cross from Rutherfordton to York and from Spartanburg to Charlotte. The completion of a railroad through the town in 1873 ignited further growth of Gaffney in the mid-1880s. In 1897, Cherokee was formed as a county from parts of Spartanburg, Union and York Counties. In 1889 the Town of Blacksburg took shape with the addition of railroad shops, a hotel, a school and several stores that were built. Location - Climate - Terrain Cherokee County, covering an area of 396.83 square miles, is located in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in the Northwestern part of South Carolina. It is strategically located along Interstate 85, midway between the cities of Greenville, S.C. and Charlotte, N.C. Rainfall is usually abundant and spread quite evenly throughout the year. The mean annual precipitation in Cherokee County is 47.78 inches. The average growing season is 231 days. The mean annual temperature is 61.1 degrees (F). The average temperature during January is 42.8 degrees (F), while the average July temperature is 79.0 degrees (F). The average relative humidity daily is 78% at 1:00 a.m.; 81% at 7:00 a.m.; 53% at 1:00 p.m.; and 63% at 7:00 p.m. The elevation of this area, ranging from 800 to 1,000 feet, is conducive to cool nights during the summer months.

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CHEROKEE COUNTY AREA

A Quick Look Back At Cherokee County For the period immediately following the Revolution, the events in the Cherokee County Area are rather obscure. No town or village of importance appeared in what is now Cherokee County until the 1830s, at which time Limestone Springs and Cherokee Falls were established along with several taverns and mills which were distributed throughout the area. In 1804, Michael Gaffney, originally from Granard, Ireland, settled at what is now Gaffney, and shortly afterward opened a tavern where the roads cross from Rutherfordton to York and from Spartanburg to Charlotte. By 1809, Gaffney was a leading citizen of the community. The city of Gaffney expanded considerably when in 1873 the Richmond and Atlanta Airline Railroad was completed. In the fall of 1873, plans were drawn for the town of Gaffney by Tillman Gaines, and lots in the new town were sold at auction. Blacksburg was established as a town somewhat later than Gaffney by Jacob Augustus Deal, father of Cherokee County Textiles, who surveyed the streets and planned the town of Black's Station, which later became Blacksburg.

History Of The Peach Festival From an inauspicious weekend event in 1977 to this year's nonstop ten day extravaganza, the South Carolina Peach Festival has grown and prospered. Even with more than 250 statewide festivals conducted annually, this “salute to the peach” is definitely the premiere event in the state having won the Southeastern Tourism Society's Top Twenty Award for the fourth consecutive year. With a flare for the spectacular, the Festival received nationwide attention in 1978 when it made the WORLD'S LARGEST PEACH PIE. In 1981, the dedication was held for the juiciest of all peaches, the one million gallon Peachoid water tank which overlooks I-85. In 1989, the world's record for the number of guitars playing and vocalists singing one song, “Louie! Louie!,” was broken and recorded by the Guinness Records television program. PEACHOID LOCATED IN GAFFNEY The Peach Festival is a personification of the folkSouth. Bibbed overalled farmers and white shirt and tie lawyers sit side-by-side in lawn chairs to witness hard charging engines roar and smoke in Tractor Pull and Mud Bog competition. A forty-foot Popeye floats down Baker Blvd. to the shrieks of the young and young-at-heart. Somebody's daughter and sweetheart squeals and starts to cry as a new Queen is crowned. Sports events, including auto racing, softball, golf and road races, gets hundreds participating in the fun. PARADE SATURDAY features the full family PEACHFEST in Downtown Gaffney. The Antique and Classic Car Show is fast becoming one of the best in the Carolinas. During these past dozen years, many national touring acts have been brought to Gaffney. These include The Oak Ridge Boys, Restless Heart, T.G. Sheppard, Chubby Checker, the Clovers, George Strait, Dwight Yoakam, Lee Greenwood, Sawyer Brown and many others. Our Peach Beach (Beach Music) fans have danced to the music of “The Fantastic Shakers,” “The Clovers,” and “Maurice Williams.” It is one night to remember. But the festival doesn't just represent events. Actually, it's a South Carolina tourism promotion that allows a proud community to prove that united in a common goal almost anything can be accomplished. As sunny and sweet as the peach, are our smiles and welcoming arms. As soft and smooth as the peach are our hearts brimming with kindness for our visiting friends. Come join us in festival!

PAGE 19

Cherokee County Veterans Museum American Legion Post 109 P.O. Box 8001 Gaffney, South Carolina 29342 “For God and Country” The Cherokee County Veterans’ Museum is sponsored by the American Legion Post 109. Officially dedicated on July 12, 1992, the museum houses over 500 artifacts and places of memorabilia depicting the various eras in American military history from the period of the Revolutionary War to the period of Desert Storm to this date. In addition to the historical significance and importance of its holdings, the museum offers opportunities and facilties to those who wish to reflect upon the sacrifices made both by themselves and by others in the great conflicts in American history. There are picnic tables situated on the grounds for the use of those who wish to come and have a snack, to rest or relax, to engage in good, wholesome conversation, or to reminisce about the times they spent in service to their country. Hours: Saturday, 9 am-11 am Sunday, 2 pm-4 pm Open other hours by appointment for school, church, civic or other groups. HAVE A SAFE & HAPPY NEW YEAR!

A & H AUTOMOTIVE Locally Owned & Operated By Brent Allison & Lou Hendrix Service! That’s the main product at A & H AUTOMOTIVE, where the customer always comes first! Anytime you stop into this friendly garage at 111 East Cherokee St. in Blacksburg, phone 864-839-0160, you can look forward to some of the very finest repairs on your auto or truck in this area, foreign or domestic. You’ll sure be treated right. They specialize in major and minor repairs, including engine repairs, transmission servicing, oil changes, brakes, tune-ups and more. A & H AUTOMOTIVE has built up a long list of satisfied customers and the reason is that business goes where it is invited and stays where it is well treated. That accounts in a very large measure for their success. The writers of this 2009 Historical Review know that you will be pleased with any work done by this fine garage. Brent, Lou, and everyone at A & H AUTOMOTIVE thank their customers for past business and support, and look forward to serving you in the future!

PAGE 20

ANDERSON COUNTY AREA

CITIES & TOWNS OF ANDERSON - continued from page 3

continued from below

tion of the Greenville-Columbia railroad and was its first president. The town was chartered in 1855. In its early years, Belton was well-known for its hotel, built by Brown and Col. A.R. Broyles and sold soon after its completion to G.W. McGee. It was famous for its food and hospitality and travelers from all over made a special effort to lodge there. The castle-like tower that rises above the town of Belton - the standpipe for water storage - has become a familiar landmark and its image is used as Belton's logo in the town's seal. It was constructed in 1909.

Dr. Samuel Lander, a Methodist minister. The college was moved to Greenwood in 1904, where it became Lander College, honoring its founder.

Honea Path There are some who say the town of Honea Path is operating under an assumed name and that the original name was Honey Path. The exact origin of the name of this small Anderson County municipality has been tossed around for nearly a century. The original 1885 charter refers to the town as "Honey Path" in three places. Early wills and deeds also bear the name "Honey Path." The town apparently was named for William Honey, early trader and large landowner in the area. There is a record of the town being incorporated in 1917 under the name Honea Path. Since that time, legal documents have used the name Honea Path. How and when the name was changed remains a mystery but it possibly could have happened when an error in spelling was made in a later document because the "y" was so illegible it was mistaken for an "a." Iva Iva was originally a shipping station known as Cook's Station, named for Dr. Augustus "Gus" Cook, a prominent local physician and businessman. The post office was named for his daughter, Iva Cook Bryson. The name Cook was dropped in favor of Iva for both station and post office after it was discovered there was another Cook's Station in South Carolina. Apparently, this is the only town in the Upstate area named for a woman. Iva was incorporated in 1906. Before Seaboard Railroad closed its Iva operation, the railroad played a vital part in the community's economy. In the 1800s Cook operated a general store located near the railroad facing the town square on what is now Highway 81. The square now includes a mock public well on the site of the original public well once used by merchants and shoppers shortly after the turn of the century. Pelzer Pelzer was named for Francis J. Pelzer, who was one of the founders of Pelzer Manufacturing Co. The original plant, built in 1881, was a venture of Pelzer, William Lebby and Ellison Smyth, business investors who had definite ideas for establishing a cultural community. According to published reports, the operation was financed by Pelzer with Smyth as president and treasurer. When the town was laid out on what was called Square Street about the same year the plant was built, the pilot included spots for a library, church and school. The first generators ever built by General Electric Co. were installed in Pelzer Mill. Pelzer Plant No. 1 was the first mill in the state to install an incandescent lighting system. The No. 4 plant was at one time the largest plant in the United States of its kind under one roof. In 1902, Pelzer was the first and only town in the state to have compulsory education. Pelzer also was the first town in Anderson County to have a kindergarten program. Starr Twiggs was the name of a small village 10 miles south of Anderson on the road to Augusta until the Savannah Valley railroad was completed in 1884, when the name was changed to Starr Station in honor of the first popular railway engineer by that name. For almost a century, the surrounding area was largely dominated by now disappearing cotton farms. West Pelzer The Cherokee Indians were the first settlers of the present site of West Pelzer, which originally was called Franklin. While there were settlers in the vicinity in the 1800s, the town of Frankville was not chartered until 1913. The original survey for the town was made by John Franks. The street layout in the older part of the town is the same today as called for in the original street plat. Frankville's name later was changed because of its location. A new petition was filed and on September 13, 1918, the name was changed from Frankville to West Pelzer. Williamston Williamston was named for West Allen Williams, who owned several thousand acres of land in the area. Williams discovered a natural mineral spring on his property, and the town grew up around it. In the early 1800s, the community, known then as Mineral Spring, was a booming health resort. The townspeople renamed the town for Williams, who had discovered the spring of water which people believed had healing properties. News of the water's medicinal value spread and as time passed, durable buildings replaced the temporary housing. As fame of the spring grew, more and more travelers came to the town, some hoping for miracle cures, others simply out of curiosity. Three Abbeville men, Enoch Nelson, John G. Wilson and H.T. Tuston, bought land near the spring where they built a $100,000 hotel. The Mammoth Hotel was at one time the second largest building in the state. Almost the entire village of Williamston was destroyed by fire in 1860, when everything in the business section burned except a drug store and a blacksmith shop. The town was rebuilt and many businesses flourished. In 1872, Williamston Female College was established by continued above

La France La France was originally named "Autun" for a town of that name in France meaning Town of Augustus. This is the home of the early Pendleton Factory, later known as Pendleton Manufacturing Co. and in more recent years as La France Industries. The original plant still stands as part of a textile manufacturing and finishing complex equipped with the finest and most modern machinery to be found anywhere, but products made here have changed through the years. During the Civil War, for example, blankets for the Confederacy were the principal product manufactured. In recent years, La France fabrics have included upholstery materials for furniture and vehicles and industrial fabrics.

Townville Townville is located in north-western South Carolina in the upper part of Anderson County and the lower part of Oconee County. The early settlers came to Townville and Pendleton at much the same time and were mostly of Scottish and Irish descent from the state of Pennsylvania. They came during the Revolutionary War period. The name Townville wasn't decided on until the government established a post office. Many residents wished to name the community Brownsville for Sam Brown, one of the early settlers, but it was found that there already existed a Brownsville in South Carolina. Postal authorities named it Townville, instead.

Piedmont Piedmont, which is incorporated, is a bicounty town, divided by the Saluda River, with

continued on page 21

ANDERSON COUNTY AREA

POINTS OF HISTORIC INTEREST IN ANDERSON COUNTY 1. Arlington - Home of Governor James L. Orr - Demolished in 1958 to make room for a new armory building, was of traditional Southern colonial architecture. Governor Orr was the first elected governor of the state, being elected after the Civil War. Before this time, the governors had been appointed by the State Legislature. Funeral services were held for him in St. Petersburg, and his body was then returned to be buried in the church yard of the First Presbyterian Church on Whitner St. 2. Confederate Treasury - Building long since gone, stood on University Mill in 1100 block of South Main Street. Just prior to Sherman's entry into Columbia, a part of the Confederate Treasury had been previously occupied by the Johnson Female University. After the war, the Carolina Collegiate lnstitute was organized with Mr. W.J. Ligon in charge. In 1889, the Patrick Military Institute was opened here with Colonel John B. Patrick as President. 3. The Old Reformer - The little cannon on the Plaza Square was brought to Anderson from Ninety-Six in the early days of the 1800s. It belonged to an artillery company organized by the people living in the section now known as Deans and Starr. The cannon was the company's only field piece and a house was built for its safekeeping. It was regarded as too ancient for service in the War Between the States, but it was used to contribute voice to all Confederate victories. After the defeat of the South, its voice sank into silence until 1876, when its thunder was heard "from the mountains to the sea" as backers of General Wade Hampton aroused the people of South Carolina to overthrow the radical government. Colonel James N. Hoyt, then Editor of the Anderson Intelligencer, named the little cannon "Old Reformer." It is of English make and was probably used in the Revolution. One story says it was brought to Anderson County in 1814, by a man named Hanks believed to have been the father of Nancy Hanks and grandfather of Abraham Lincoln, but the story is pure tradition and without confirmation. Another source says that the cannon was brought to Starr from Charleston during the War of 1812 by Thomas Dean, who had purchased the cannon there. It was then kept at the old Howard Muster Grounds in Starr. 4. High Shoals - A historical marker erected on the Belton Highway near the Shoals by the Anderson County Historical Society reads as follows: "High Shoals, 2.9 miles south on Rocky River. Anderson Water, Light and Power Company, organized in 1894 by William C. Whitner, was successful the next year in transmitting electricity over the distance of six miles to Anderson. This achievement was a herald of the Industrial Revolution in the South." 5. Portman Shoals - Historical marker erected by Anderson County Historical Society located on Highway 28 about 10 miles west of Anderson on Lake Hartwell, reads as follows: "Portman Shoals, half mile west on Seneca River - the Portman Shoals Power Plant, built by William C. Whitner, begun in 1897 the transmission of high voltage electricity over the longest lines then in use for the purpose in the United States. Consequently, Anderson has been called "The Electric City." The actual site of the power plant was inundated by the water of Lake Hartwell. 6. The town of LaFrance - Home of LaFrance Industries, which is now a division of Riegel Textile Corporation, was originally named Autun, not from a combination of names as it is generally believed, but from a town for the same name in France meaning "factory." The first textile mill in the upcountry was located here on land acquired in 1836. It was called Pendleton Factory and Mr. Benjamin F. Sloan was the first president. It was later bought outright by Augustus J. Sitton in 1899. From the standpoint of continuous operation, this mill is the oldest one in the state. The first textile plant in the City of Anderson was Anderson Mill. It is now one of the Abney Mills chain. 7. Big Creek Baptist Church - Historical marker erected by the Anderson County Historical Society and the congregation of the church. Located in the Town of Williamston on the highway leading to Greenville. The marker reads: "Big Creek Baptist Church," two miles south, one of the oldest congregations and the mother of several others in Anderson County, it was organized in 1788 by the elder Moses Holland who served as pastor for 41 years. Dr. James Burton Gambrell's mother was a member here. Soldiers of five wars lie buried in the cemetery.

PAGE 21

What Can You Do About Osteoarthritis? Every year, hundreds of thousands of Americans who suffer from osteoarthritis must undergo hip replacement surgery. When all other options for treating severe osteoarthritis of the hip have been exhausted, artificial hip joints offer a solution with a high rate of success. But how can you prepare for this major operation, and what can you do afterwards, to protect the new joint and keep it intact for years to come? In the newest issue of number of practical tips from some of the world’s leading experts. Written in everyday English and clearly illustrated. “Arthritis Info” contains interesting information for everyone who has osteoarthritis. To print a copy go to www.americanarthritis.org or for a free sample issue of “Arthritis Info,” write to: American Arthritis Society, 60 State Street, Suite 700, Boston, MA 02109 (please include a 42-cent stamp for return postage no envelope is necessary. Thank you.) CITIES & TOWNS OF ANDERSON - continued from page 20

part of the town in Anderson County and part in Greenville County. Piedmont has the distinction of being one of the oldest manufacturing towns in South Carolina. Its beginnings date back to 1843, when the area was known as Garrison Shoals and a small grist mill and a log cabin were the only structures. The first mill building was completed in early 1876. Several Piedmont schools are on Anderson County soil.

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ANDERSON COUNTY AREA

The Isaqueena Trail In the western foot hills and up state South Carolina the heroic deed of an Indian maiden became a legend that has been proudly proclaimed since white men first began to encroach on Indian territory. The Cherokees were disturbed and angered at being pushed farther and farther back as more and more the white settlers moved on to their land. Discontent escalated into hostility among the Indians as they were forced to surrender more territory. In their tribal council at Cherokee Village, a decision was made to stage an uprising. Their plan was to wage a surprise attack on the settlers and kill them. Whether because of her white sweet-heart or just out of kindness; Isaqueena, an Indian maiden set out to warn the white settlers about the scheduled uprising. As she traveled she estimated how far from home each stream was that she crossed. The first stream encountered was a mile from her home. Today it bears the name, "Mile Creek". As is true of most streams that crossed her trail some edifice was erected that bore the name of the stream. In the case of Mile Creek, Mile Creek Baptist Church was constructed. Continuing her way eastward, Isaqueena approached a creek six miles from home. Here, a small town emerged by the name "Six Mile". Nestled on a plateau near the most eastern ridges of the mountains; its location was ideal for foot hill and mountain traders. At one time Six Mile could boast of having most every establishment that a town could wish for. A post office, stores, a cotton gin, a black-smith shop and a hospital which has been converted into a convalescent home are among its cherished claims. Dr. Peek who established the hospital began construction on a tuberculosis sanitorium on near by Six Mile Mountain. The project was soon abandoned and only the foundation exists today. A damaging tornado hit Six Mile in April 1929. Five members of Tilman Garrett's family were killed and four members of his brother Raymond Garrett's family were killed. A little two year old girl was swept away from a demolished house. She was found at the school house unharmed. Twelve miles from home the Indian maid discovered a river flowing across her trail. Known thereafter as "Twelve Mile River" a textile plant was built along its banks. This plant didn't receive its name from the river but instead was called "Catteechee Cotton Mill". The mill, operated by water power from the river, was soon surrounded by a village. Employment in the mill has provided a livelihood for many families through the years. Nearby stores, schools and churches have provided material, intellectual and spiritual qualities for the town. The next "Water-mark along her way was named "Fifteen Mile Creek". Unlike the other streams no type of construction has ever been attempted in its vicinity. Its borders have been used mostly for farming and pasture. Still trudging eastward on her errand of mercy "Eighteen Mile Creek" became part of the legend. A few miles up stream from where Fifteen Mile Creek and Eighteen Mile Creek converge; a corn mill was constructed on Eighteen Mile Creek. The mill, known as Simm's Mill, received its power by water from the creek. As the water rushed by the turbine wheel a shaft was turned which in turn made the mill rocks revolve which ground the corn. A wood shop adjacent to the mill was in use at one time. It too was operated by water power. Brothers: Pat White and Henry White operated both, the corn mill and the wood shop. They were very adept at working with wood and produced some beautiful results. When Edna and I were first married they turned some table legs for me. This table became our first dining room table. Years later it was destroyed by fire when the barn in which it was stored burned. A few miles up the creek Ruhamah Elementary School was re-located close to the creek. Ruhamah Church and Ruhamah School were constructed on the same plot of ground. The church still stands at its original location but the school was moved a couple of miles to a location near Eighteen Mile Creek. The school was consolidated with the Liberty School system many years ago and no longer exists. Three and Twenty Creek which was next on Isaqueena's journey, had a church and fire station established near by. They were known by Three and Twenty Church and Three and Twenty Fire Station. Six and Twenty Creek, the last to be named by Isaqueena, was near by Six and Twenty Baptist Church which was constituted in 1835. This Church is located near the head of the creek. Down stream three miles west of Anderson, S.C. The area around the creek is intensely populated. Smith's Mill located near the creek on Anderson-Clemson Boulevard was a long time land mark until destroyed by fire in later years. The mill produced excellent meal and flour. Manse Jolly, another legend in The Six and Twenty community, was a Confederate soldier who refused to surrender at the end of the war between the States. His exploits are well known and recorded in history. He swore that he would kill a yankee for each of his brothers killed in the Civil War. He and his famous continued above

continued from below

horse, Dixie, was a familiar figure in Anderson County especially in Six and Twenty community where his home is located. Many times he attended Six and Twenty Baptist Church. One time he ran out of the church and quickly un-hitched and mounted Dixie. As so many times past his quick "Get a Way" allowed him to elude the federal soldiers who came to capture him. Eventually he went to Texas where he married. One day, however, he tried to cross a swollen stream on his beloved horse, "Dixie" and was drowned. Six and Twenty Creek marks the end of the Isaqueena Trail unless, as is quite likely, there is a connection with Ninety Six S.C., a town east of Greenwood, S.C.

Anderson County

Reprinted Courtesy of Pendleton District Historical Recreation and Tourism Commission

Anderson County is named for Revolutionary War leader Robert Anderson. It was created in 1826 when the Pendleton District was divided. The City of Anderson is the courthouse seat. It has several historic districts and a strong cultural base. Anderson is known as "the Electric City" for pioneering long-distance power transmission. Pendleton, in Anderson County now, was too near the edge of the new county to be the courthouse seat. It is on the National Register of Historic Places, one of the largest historic districts in the nation.  Belton is named for railroad pioneer Belton O'Neal. Honea Path is a Cherokee name -- 'Honea' means 'Path'. The town of Piedmont is named after the geographic province. It has a rich heritage in textiles. Pelzer is named for textile pioneer Francis Pelzer.

Sites & Attractions

• Historic Pendleton: tours, historic houses, farm museum, festivals, antiques, shopping, etc • Anderson County Museum • Anderson County Arts Center • Anderson College Rainey Fine Arts Center • South Carolina Tennis Hall of Fame and Ruth Drake Museum, Belton



continued on page 23

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ANDERSON COUNTY AREA ANDERSON COUNTY - continued from page 21

Attractions & HISTORIC SITES

African-American Heritage Walking Tour - Pendleton Foundation for Black History and Culture PO Box 806 - Pendleton, SC 29670 - Hours: Self-guided tour (maps available at Pendleton District Commission) - Admission: FREE - Come explore African-American heritage in Pendleton through this self-guided tour to ten sites.   The sites you will visit on your tour represent a work-in-progress.  Several have been saved by individuals, families and groups who cared; others are being restored through community effort.  Pendleton Historic District - Pendleton, SC - Admission: FREE - The entire town is on the National Register of Historic Places. A landmark is the Pendleton Farmers Society Hall, built in 1828 by a society begun in 1815. More than fifty buildings pre-date 1850, and there is a self-guided walking tour and a cassette tape tour. St. Paul's Episcopal Church - Pendleton, SC 29670 - (864)646-3782 - (800)862-1795 - Hours: Call for details. Admission: - Call for details. - This white clapboard church was built in 1822. A Jardine pipe organ has filled the church with music since 1848, and the churchyard includes burial sites for several historically important people.

AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORIC SITES

Anderson East Church Street Business District - A plaque with a time capsule beneath it marks the site of Anderson’s former Black Business District. Restaurants, tailor shops, barber shops, cab companies, funeral homes, hotels, doctor and dentist offices, and more businesses flourished on East Church Street from the 1920s through the 1950s. - Located in the City Parking Lot on Church Street in Anderson. PendletonAfrican-American Heritage Walking Tour - Come explore African-American heritage in Pendleton through this self-guided tour to ten sites. The sites you will visit on your tour represent a work-in-progress. Several have been saved by individuals, families and groups who cared; others are being restored through community effort. Pendleton Foundation for Black History and Culture - PO Box 806, Pendleton, SC 29670. Hours: Self-guided tour (maps available at Pendleton District Commission) - Admission: FREE St. Paul's Episcopal Church - An 1822 Episcopal church, St. Paul's had many African-American members in antebellum times, and the slave gallery still remains. The records of the church's Black communicants, including marriages and deaths, are available at the Pendleton District Commission's Research Rooms. - Located on East Queen Street in Historic Pendleton. Daily exterior viewing. (Interior included on pre-arranged guided group tours.) 1-800-862-1795. Woodburn - Jane E. Hunter, founder of the Phillis Wheatley Association, was born on this ca. 1830 plantation in 1882. - Located on History Lane (across Highway 76 from Tri-County Technical College), Pendleton. - Woodburn is operated as a house museum by the Pendleton Historic Foundation. April-October, Sundays 2 - 6 p.m. or by appointment. (864)646-7249 or 1-800-8621795.

True or False? Can you guess which of the following are true and which are false? Answers are at the end. 1. Apples, not caffeine, are more efficient at waking you up in the morning. 2. Alfred Hitchcock didn't have a belly button. 3. A pack-a-day smoker will lose approximately 2 teeth every 10 years. 4. People do not get sick from cold weather it's from being indoors a lot more. 5. When you sneeze, all bodily functions stop, even your heart! 6. Only 7 per cent of the population are lefties. 7. Forty people are sent to the hospital for dog bites every minute. 8. Babies are born without kneecaps. They don't appear until they are 2-6 years old. 9. The average person over 50 will have spent 5 years waiting in lines. 10. The toothbrush was invented in 1498. 11. The average housefly lives for one month. 12. 40,000 Americans are injured by toilets each year. 13. A coat hanger is 44 inches long when straightened. 14. The average computer user blinks 7 times a minute. 15. Your feet are bigger in the afternoon than any other time of day. 16. Most of us have eaten a spider in our sleep. 17. The REAL reason ostriches stick their head in the sand is to search for water. 18. The only two animals that can see behind themselves without turning their heads are the rabbit and the parrot. 19. John Travolta turned down the starring roles in 'An Officer and a Gentleman' and 'Tootsie.' 20. Michael Jackson owns the rights to the South Carolina State Anthem. 21. In most television commercials advertising milk, a mixture of white paint and a little thinner is used in place of the milk. 22. Prince Charles and Prince William NEVER travel on the same airplane, just in case there is a crash. 23. The first Harley Davidson motorcycle built in 1903 used a tomato can for a carburetor. 24. Most hospitals make money by selling the umbilical cords cut from women who give birth. They are used in vein transplant surgery. 25. Humphrey Bogart was related to Princess Diana. They were 7th cousins. 26. If coloring weren't added to Coca-Cola, it would be green. They are all TRUE ... Now go back and think about #16!!!

PAGE 23

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Sharon's Paradise Ladies! Do you want to look your very best at all times and not have to spend a fortune doing it? Try SHARON'S PARADISE at 118 Dogwood Rd. in Townville, phone 864-287-3050! Here's a style salon where the average woman can go to start looking outstanding AND the rates are very, very reasonable. You'll really enjoy the extra service that's lavished on you at this well-known shop. Featuring a complete line of beauty service specializing in styling, this fine shop features skilled, professionals who cater to your every whim. Stop in today or call for an appointment... SHARON'S PARADISE wants to become YOUR salon! The writers of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm among the area's leading businesses. HAVE A SAFE & HAPPY NEW YEAR!

CMS GARAGE & BODY SHOP Proudly Serving This Area Since 1952 Manager - Steve Moon Monday - Friday 8:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. If you are particular about your car, then you should be particular about your car’s servicing. People throughout the area go out of their way to stop in at CMS GARAGE & BODY SHOP, because they know that these professionals are completely familiar with all models and makes of automobiles. They specialize in major and minor repairs, body work and painting. So, the next time you’re in the area, stop in at CMS GARAGE & BODY SHOP for the best automotive service. They are the service center that “Cares” for you and your car. They are located at 1219 South Main St. in Anderson, phone 864-225-7346. We, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review, would like to call the attention of the driving public to this fine service center and are pleased to be able to list them among the other leading businesses in the area. Steve and staff thank their customers for past business and support, and remind you they are of service to the entire area.

PAGE 24

GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA

PALMETTO FINE FOOD

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN GREENVILLE

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1. -- FALLS COTTAGE, 615 South Main St. This house, built by George Dyer (c. 1840), was originally the home of a modest yet successful nineteenth century family. It served as home for the Dyers and their eight children, as well as the workshop for the family tailoring and shoemaking business. The building’s original brick can be seen in the back. The separate kitchen has disappeared but the spring can be seen down the hill in the Reedy River Falls Park. Today the cottage is used by the Metropolitan Arts Council, the Carolina Foothills Garden Club, and Tours Around Greenville South. 2. -- REEDY RIVER FALLS, 47 Camperdown Way. This area along the Reedy River is where Greenville began. In 1768 Richard Pearis came into this area which was Cherokee land. Along the fresh burgers - never frozen lower falls, he built a trading post and a grist mill. He became the first landowner other than Indians homemade onion rings & shakes in this area through his son, George, whose mother was Pearis’ Cherokee sidewife. The Cherokees Now ServiNg BreakfaSt - Saturday oNly 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. gave the land to George and then George transferred the land to his father. When the British accepted this land transfer, Richard Pearis became a Tory. He had to leave the area during the dine in, take out or drive thru American Revolution when his property was destroyed by the Patriots. The power generated by the waterfalls along the Reedy River encouraged the building of factories and grist mills in this area. Camperdown Mill was located in this area. faX: 864-271-2932 3. -- TOWN SQUARE, Main St. between East and West Court Streets. This is the original town 1209 laurens rd. square for the village that would be Greenville. It is outlined by the four small park areas that you can see. In the late 1780s Lemuel Alston came to this area and began to buy land, eventually owngreenville ing more than 11,000 acres. He laid out the first plan for his village which he intended to call the Writers of this 2009 historical revieW for greenville Pleasantburg. The village extended two blocks north and two blocks south of this square. As soon county are Pleased to list this outstanding restaurant. as the courthouse was built (right in the center of the Town Square so that the street went around it) the village became known as Greenville. Some say it was thus named because the area was so NiCk & everyoNe at palmetto fiNe food would like to tHaNk tHeir CuStomerS for paSt BuSiNeSS & Support, & green; others say it was named after the Revolutionary War hero, Nathaniel Greene. iNvite you to Come By & eNJoy our New eXpaNded meNu! Early Greenville was called the bloodiest town in the bloodiest state in the United States. Movies showing Dodge City give an idea what the area was like in those early days. 4. -- MANSION HOUSE, corner of the original Town Square where the Poinsett Hotel is now located on Main St. The Mansion House was built in the 1820s where the Poinsett Hotel is now located. Greenville was a summer resort and people from the lowcountry came here to stay, escaping the heat, humidity, and malaria that plagued the coast. These people brought with them their ideas, customs, religions, and culture and were a settling influence on Greenville. Many summer people stayed in the Mansion House. The Poinsett Hotel was built in the 1920s on the site of the Mansion House. It was THE hotel in the area for many years. It was noted for its furnishings, china, food, and service. People would travel out of their way to stay at the Poinsett Hotel EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR and enjoy its specialty “spoonbread”, a type of cornbread. When a person received CHARLES McLEOD change, the coins were washed until they looked like new. Paper money was ironed! 5. -- JOHN WESLEY UNITED METHODIST CHURCH, 101 East Court St. Built between the years 1899 and 1903, this two-story brick structure represents a local version of the Gothic Revival style in ecclesiastical architecture. This Church is the 721 WEST CURTIS ST. SIMPSONVILLE result of work by a black congregation organized after the Civil War by the Reverend J.R. Rosamund, who had been a “slave preacher” before the War. The BRIARWOOD LIVING CENTER THANKS THE PEOPLE OF THIS AREA FOR PLACING THEIR TRUST & CONFIDENCE IN THEM! building is basically cruciform in shape. It is on the National Register of Historic Places. continued on page 25

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GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA

PAGE 25

HISTORIC DOWNTOWN GREENVILLE - continued from page 24

6. -- CHRIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, 10 North Church St. Organized in 1820, this is the first church of any denomination formed in Greenville. The founders were summer people. They wanted to worship as they did when at home. The original sanctuary on the same site was replaced by the present structure, whose cornerstone was laid in 1852. The Church is designed in a modified Gothic style with a cruciform shape. The spire rises 130 feet. The churchyard’s burying ground is the final resting place for some notable local leaders including a former governor, Benjamin Franklin Perry, and Vardry McBee, the “Father of Greenville”. The church is on the National Register of Historic Places. 7. -- BOYCE LAWN AREA, Washington, Pettigru, Broadus Streets. This land area was originally owned by James Pettigru Boyce, a professor at Furman University Baptist Seminary and son of the second wealthiest cotton planter in South Carolina after Wade Hampton. Lots began to be sold in this area around the turn of the century and the district became known as “new money” because industrialists coming into Greenville built their homes here. The outstanding home in this area is now known as the Poinsett Club. It is located at the intersection of Williams and Washington. Lewis W. Parker built this home around 1900 and it is representative of the homes of these industrial leaders. Parker was head of the Lewis W. Parker Cotton Mill Company and gained considerable fame for his expertise in re-organizing cotton mills. Located at 104 Broadus is a Victorian style home from the late 1890s. This was the first home of Lewis W. Parker but it proved to be too small. It is now one of the fine restaurants in the Upstate. 8. -- SPRINGWOOD CEMETERY, between Church and Main Streets. Springwood Cemetery began as a family cemetery for the Waddy Thompson family.Waddy’s mother-in-law lived with him and had beautiful gardens in which she enjoyed working. When she died, Waddy decided that she would want to be buried in her garden. Eventually this family cemetery became the public cemetery that you see here. 9. -- KILGORE LEWIS HOUSE, 560 Academy St. Josiah Kilgore built this house in the 1830s as a wedding present for his daughter. The wealthy cotton planter used slave labor to construct the twostory structure which is made primarily of heart pine fastened with wooden pegs. Many of the home’s original handblown window panes are still intact. The architectural design utilizes a Palladian style applied to what is basically an upcountry farmhouse. The house is currently the headquarters of the Greenville Council of Garden Clubs. Its new site, to which it was recently moved, includes the spring once used to supply Greenville’s drinking water. The house is on the National Register of Historic Places. 10. -- BEATTIE HOUSE, 8 Bennett St. The Beattie House was built in the 1830s by Fountain Fox Beattie and his wife. This Italianate style did not originally have the two wings. They were added as the family grew in size. It is quite amazing that this house has been moved twice! The Greenville Women’s Club occupies this house which is on the National Register of Historic Places. 11. -- WHITEHALL, 310 West Earle St. This large home, surrounded by majestic oaks, is generally considered to be the oldest home still standing in Greenville. It was built in 1813 as a summer home by Charlestonian Henry Middleton on land he had purchased from Elias T. Earle. Middleton was a governor of South Carolina (1810-1812) and the owner of Middleton Gardens Plantation in Charleston. Whitehall utilizes a Barbadian style of architecture. Still a private residence, it is occupied by a descendant of Elias Earle. This house is on the National Register of Historic Places. 12. -- JAMES STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT, James St. This land area was also purchased by Elias Earle. Located at 107 James is one of the oldest homes in Greenville. Dates for this house vary from 1810-1826 but there are no historic records available to establish the actual date for this house. 13. -- HAMPTON-PICKNEY HISTORIC DISTRICT, Hampton and Pinckney Streets. This land area was called “old money” because it was land that was owned by Vardry McBee and many of his children built their homes here. The oldest house (21 Pinckney) was built by William Pinckney McBee in the 1830s. The majority of houses in this area date from the turn of the century to represent Victorian style architecture. There are also some bungalow-style homes in this area. 14. -- HERITAGE GREEN, College St. This land area was owned by Vardry McBee, founding father of Greenville. In 1820 he gave this land to the Male and Female Academies so there would be schools in Greenville. In 1855, the buildings and land were given to the Greenville Baptist Female College. This eventually became the Greenville Woman’s College or the Woman’s College of Furman University. When the Woman’s College moved to the new Furman Campus north of the city in the 1960s, Furman planned to sell this land area; however, upon checking the original deed to the property, it was found that this land had to be used for cultural or educational purposes or it would revert to the McBee family. As a result, we have Heritage Green which includes the Little Theatre, the Greenville County Museum of Art, and the Greenville County Library. These three buildings comprise the cultural heart of Greenville. The Museum regularly displays nationally recognized traveling exhibits as well as pieces from its own permanent collection and local loans, one of which is the world-celebrated Andrew Wyeth Collection. The Library is an awardwinning resource noted for its side range of services and for the large globe in its lobby. The Little Theatre presents four major productions a year and stands as one of the country’s most successful community theatres. 15. -- OLD TEXTILE HALL, West Washington. After the Civil War and Reconstruction, textile mills began to flourish in this area. In 1912 New England mills began coming to the area, and in 1915, the first Southern Textile Exposition was held in Greenville, using a vacant warehouse. Textile Hall was built in 1917 for major exhibits and Greenville proclaimed itself the “Textile Center of the South”. Now Greenville is known as a world textile center and new, modern facilities for expositions have been constructed. 16. -- HUGUENOT MILL, West Broad St. Greenville County’s textile industry began in 1820; howcontinued on page 26

If you cannot get rid of the family skeleton, you may as well make it dance! By George Bernard Shaw.

General Manager - Richard Lewis Located at 2521 Wade Hampton Blvd. in Greenville, phone 864-292-9105, DENNY'S is well-known as one of the best places in town for just plain good eating! Here, the customer is someone very special and the personnel at this fine restaurant go out of their way to make you feel at home. Whether it's breakfast, lunch or dinner that you want, they always have something on their extensive menu that will appeal to your palate. Drop in today for coffee, a snack or a meal and see what we mean! Rather eat at home? This fine restaurant features orders of all types to take out. Just phone ahead and your food will be waiting when you arrive. The number to call is 864-292-9105. Bring the whole family to DENNY'S. You'll like the great food, the modest prices and fabulous service. The authors of this 2009 Historical Review are pleased to be able to list this outstanding firm among the area's leading businesses. Richard and all of the staff at DENNY'S thank their customers for past business and support, and look forward to serving you in the future.

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PAGE 26

GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA HISTORIC DOWNTOWN GREENVILLE - continued from page 25

ever, mills were not built in the City of Greenville until the 1870s. Huguenot Mill was the second mill in the City and made plaid fabric. The mill office was built in the 1890s and is now part of the Historic Industrial Complex of Greenville. For more information on this tour as well as other tours and points of interest, contact the Greenville Convention & Visitors Bureau, 206 South Main St., Greenville, S.C. 29601, 864-233-0461

MAYA TAN

Facts On A Mauldin By 1890, ButIers Cross Roads was a well populated community with a store, post office, cotton gin and train station. Butlers Cross Roads received its first charter incorporating it by a General Assembly act December 24, 1890. The town was renamed Mauldin, and was reincorporated February 14, 1910. When World War II began, Donaldson Air Force Base was constructed in the Greenville area and brought many jobs to Mauldin residents. During World War II women worked in textile plants. According to statistics, six Mauldin men were killed in that war. During the 1920s, MauIdin residents wanted electricity but did not have the money to pay the high costs the Southern Pacific UtiIities Company (Iater Duke Power) asked. FinaIIy in 1929, the company agreed to run power Iines if MauIdin soId 26 eIectric stoves. In 1953, Her Majesty was buiIt, and empIoyed 550 peopIe. Water Iines were aIso instaIIed and more industry began coming to MauIdin. The water service, with its economic boost, is credited for the towns of MauIdin, SimpsonviIIe and Fountain Inn becoming known as the GoIden Strip. In 1966, Forrester was reeIected as mayor. Sewer lines were planned and instaIled the next year. In 1968, SpringfieId Park was constructed on Hyde Circle and Forrester was elected for his third term as mayor. By the 1970s, Mauldin was growing rapidly. New areas were annexed and new industries came to Mauldin. Forrester was elected for a fourth term as mayor and the position of became full-time job. A new City Hall was constructed in 1971. The police department and a new jail cell were added. A sign ordinance regarding the size and closeness to the street was enforced. A newspaper article stated "one new house per day is going up in MauIdin since March 10, 1960." In 1961, Frank Smith was hired as the first poIice chief. AIso the first town halI and Iibrary was constructed. In 1964, Hugh Chastain was eIected mayor but resigned after six months and Sam Forrester was eIected. In December 1964, MauIdin Iighted its first community Christmas tree on the Iawn of the Iibrary. Iron-Rite in 1951 was MauIdin's first industry. That same year, Texize bought Iron-Rite and remodeIed the pIant. In 1956, a four-lane road (Hwy. 276) was completed from Greenville through Mauldin and on to Columbia. Mauldin's first shopping center — Golden Strip Shopping Center—was opened July 1, 1959. December 18, 1956, the governor ordered an election for mayor and four councilmen in Mauldin because of the size of the area and the need for services. The first zone ordinance was passed in 1968. Mauldin's first Christmas parade was December 5, 1971, and Santa rode on the city's new fire truck. An estimated 8,000 attended.

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GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA

PAGE 27

GREENVILLE COUNTY WAS CREATED MARCH 22, 1786 Captain Richard Pearis (Paris) was the earliest known white settler in the Greenville area. He moved in with the Cherokee Indians between the years 176668. According to tradition, George II of England gave Captain Pearis a tract of 10 square miles embracing the land that later became the site of the City of Greenville. The County was created by the General Assembly on March 22, 1786. In 1797, a County Seat was laid out and called Pleasantburg. By 1869, the population had reached 2,000. The city’s name was changed to Greenville in 1831. The Village of Greenville was chartered by an act of the General Assembly on December 17, 1831. On February 14, 1907, the City surrendered its charter and accepted incorporation under the general law.

Greer Designated the “Domain of the Cherokee,” the present site of Greer was a paradise for the Cherokee Indians who hunted through the hills and fished in the many streams. Settlers who lived close to the Old Indian Boundary Line encountered many pioneer hardships and provided a few scalps for braves’ belts. Not long after the Revolutionary War, the “domain” became a part of South Carolina. But for the next 100 years, the area remained the same. It consisted of small, separate farming communities, such as Pleasant Grove and Fairview. It wasn’t until 1873, when the Richmond and Danville Air Line Railway (now Southern Railway) laid track between Charlotte and Atlanta, that the town began to develop. The railway established a flag station on land that had belonged to Manning Greer and named it Greer’s Station. The town grew up around the depot and by 1896 the population was greater than 1,000. Although Cedar Hill Factory, erected in 1820, was the first mill, the advent of cotton mills did not begin in earnest until the early 1900s. The mills established Greer as a textile center until the 1980s when the focus changed to equipment manufacturing and plastics.

Your One Stop Shopping Place Open 24 Hours Manager - Cathey Wood One of the best stores in the area to shop for quality and value is WALMART SUPERCENTER, located at 14055 East Wade Hampton Blvd. in Greer, phone 864-877-1928. They carry a full line of clothing and shoes for each member of the family, as well as furniture, housewares, sundries, toys, jewelry, hardware, sporting goods, all those personal touch items for your car, and feature a full line grocery department, bakery, deli, meat department, fresh produce, a beauty salon, and much, much more. WALMART SUPERCENTER believes that the most important thing is customer satisfaction, and the friendly courteous personnel strives to assist you in every way. People prefer to do business with them because they furnish quality products at prices they can afford. They accept most major credit cards! We, the editors of this 2009 Historical Review, are pleased to be able to list WALMART SUPERCENTER among the area's leading businesses. The management and asssociates at WALMART SUPERCENTER in Greer thank their customers for past business and support, and invite you to shop with them soon!

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GREENVILLE COUNTY AREA

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864-234-1534 1300 BOILING SPRINGS RD. IN GREER/GREENVILLE (1.2 MILES FROM 85 JUST OFF PELHAM)

CARLA & ALL THE STAFF AT FOUR WINDS CHILD DEVELOPMENT THANK THE PARENTS OF THIS AREA FOR PLACING THEIR COMPLETE TRUST & CONFIDENCE IN THEM, & LOOK FORWARD TO TAKING CARE OF YOUR LITTLE ONES IN THE FUTURE!