Ancient Rome

(what in the world?)

ANCIENT ROME

Beginnings • •

• •

Located on Italian Peninsula in Mediterranean Sea 800 BC, Latins (ancestors of Romans), begin to settle, along with other groups (Greeks, Etruscans) City of Seven Hills, Romulus and Remus Romans learned much from Etruscans

Establishing A Republic • Romans drive out Etruscan Rulers • ROMAN STATE IS FOUNDED • Establish a republic or “that which belongs to the people” • Roman Republic lasts 500 years

Government Organization • Senate controlled/made laws – 300 members (patricians – upper class) – 2 consuls to control armies/supervise gov. – In war, they might choose dictator

• PLEBEIANS (regular Joes) demand more opportunity – Gain Power/Elected tribunes who could veto. – Roman Laws inscribed on 12 tablets – Common People could now gain power

ROMAN SOCIETY • Family was basic unit = father was head – Women would eventually gain power

• Girls/boys from upper and lower class learn to read an write – All are educated – Children learn major events in Roman history

• Numerous Gods/Goddesses – Jupiter (like Zeus) – Juno, Hera, Neptune, Mars

Expansion • Armies expand Roman power – Republic Grows

• Rome defeats it enemies – Legions, military unit (5,000 men)

• TREAT enemies with respect • Control much of Italian Peninsula • Conquered lands remain loyal

5.2 (FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE)

Rome Grows Through Conquest • Conquest of Italian Peninsula by the Romans results in contact/conflict over control with Carthage in N. Africa = – PUNIC WARS (b/w 264bc and 146bc) • 1st = Roman Victory • 2nd = Hannibal surprises Rome, but looses in end • 3rd = Rome completely destroys Carthage

How far would they go? • Imperialism = establishing control over foreign lands and peoples • Rome expanded in all directions – To the East = lands that Alexander the Great conquered – By 133 BC, land stretched from Spain to Egypt

Impact at Home • $$$$$$, a new class of wealthy emerges – Create huge estates, called LATIFUNDIA – Small farmers cannot compete, move to city, where the find no jobs, and riots ensue – Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempt reform, but were killed

“I Came, I Saw, I Conquered” • Out of chaos comes Julius Caesar – Dictator, expands Rome even more – Reforms Rome b/w 48 – 44 bc • Public works, public land • Roman citizenship to more people, Calendar • Enemies feard him being “King” – he is murdered – Mark Antony, Octavian battle for power

Augustus Reigns • Octavian defeats Antony and ally Cleopatra - is given name Augustus, or “exalted one” • Republic had ended, he (Augustus) had absolute power, begins era of Pax Romana, “Roman Peace” beginning in 31 BC • See pg 159

SECTION 3 ASSIGNMENT • READ SEC 3 • 5-7 REALISTIC TEST QUESTIONS – KEY IDEAS, MAIN POINTS

• QUIZ OVER SECT 1-3 TOMORROW