Analgesic Inhalation Agents Oxygen / Nitrous

ANALGESIC INHALATION AGENTS OXYGEN / NITROUS

ANALGESIC

ANALGESIC Analgesia in the strictest sense; is an absence

of pain Analgesic (also known as pain killer) is any

member of the divers group of drugs used to relieve pain The goal is not to completely eliminate pain,

but to make the pain as tolerable as possible

Analgesic drugs act in various way on the

peripheral and central nervous systems

A: OPIOD

Morphine Dose 0.1 – 0.2 mg/kg Duration of actions is in 3 – 4 hours Side effects :

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Respiratory depression Hypotension Bradycardia Nausea and vomiting Pruritus Histamine release

Pethidine 10 times less potent than morphine Dose is 1 – 1.5 mg/kg Duration of action is 3 – 4 hours Can cause tachycardia Side effects similar to morphine

Fentanyl 100 times more potent than morphine Dose is 1 – 5 mcg/kg Rapid onset and short duration of action

B : NON-STEROIDAL ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGS

Example : Ketorolac, Diclofenac, Menfanemic

Acid, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin Useful for some types of pain especially pain that follows orthopaedic and gynaecologic procedure Can be used in combination with opiods to reduce the dosage requirement for opiods and reduce the side effects associated with opiiods eg; nausea and vomiting Side effect : allergic reaction, bronchospasm, dyspepsia, renal impairment

C : LOCAL ANESTHETIC Local anesthetic prevent depolarization of

nervous tissues by blocking the Na channel in the cell membrane Produce transient loss of sensory, motor,

autonomic function in a discrete portion of the body

Common local anesthetic that are available

Side effect of local anesthetic :

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Cardiac arrhythmia Hypotension Cardiovascular collapse Numbness around mouth and tongue Tinnitus Blurred vision Restlessness and confusion Convulsion Allergic reaction