American-influences-in-philippine-art-culture.pptx

American Influences in Philippine Art, Culture, Sculpture, Architecture, Literature, Music and Dance

HISTORY • In 1898, the United States declared war on Spain. • During World War I, the Filipinos fought alongside the Americans. • In 1934, the Tydings/McDuffie Law was passed, making the Philippines commonwealth of the U.S

HISTORY • On July 4, 1946, the United States declared the Philippines an independent nation.

ARCHITECTURE

With the arrival of the Americans in 1898 came a new breed of Architectural Structures in the Philippines Foremost of the American Contributions to the country was the establishment of civil government This led to the erection of government from the city all the way to the municipal

ARCHITECTURE A lot of structures were built to serve as government buildings from cities to municipalities as they establish the civil government. The design and style of the establishments were akin to Greek or Roman constructions

Philippine Normal University

Philippine Normal University The present Philippine Normal University was originally the Philippine Normal School (PNS), the first institution of higher learning established during the American occupation of the Philippines.

With the signing of the charter, Republic Act No. 416 on June 18, 1949 during the term of President Elpidio Quirino, PNS was converted into the Philippine Normal College, authorized to grant undergraduate and graduate degrees in education.

National Museum of Fine Arts

National Museum of Fine Arts The neoclassical building was built in 1921 and originally served to house the various legislative bodies of the Philippine government. Known as the Old Legislative Building (also the Old Congress Building), it was the home of the bicameral congress from 1926 to 1972, and the Philippine Senate from 1987 to 1997.

Manila Central Post Office Building

ARCHITECTURE • American architecture influence in the Philippines can be classified in two types; the so-called first generation Filipino architects who studied architecture and engineering in the United States who were sponsored by the colonial masters and the Second generation architects who emerged in the late 1920s and 1930s.

ARCHITECTURE • The first generation exemplifies combined Beaux Arts elements with a touch of modernism promoting the ideas of utility in architecture. • The second generation on the other hand introduced the Art Deco portraying exotic embellishments.

Manila Metropolitan Theater

Manila Metropolitan Theater

The Manila Metropolitan Theater is an Art Deco building designed by the Filipino Architect Juan M. Arellano, and built in 1935 During the liberation of Manila by the combined American and Filipino Troops in 1945, the theater was totally destroyed. After reconstruction by the Americans it gradually fell into disuse in the 1960s. In the following decade it was meticulously restored but again fell into decay

Iglesia ni Cristo

Iglesia ni Cristo The Iglesia ni Cristo is an international Christian religion that originated in 1914. Their church buildings primarily serve used for other religious functions. These churches were described as structures “which employ exterior neo-Gothic vertical support columns with tall narrow windows between, interlocking trapezoids, and rosette motifs, as well as tower and spires. There are multiple entrances leading to the main sanctuary, where males and females sit on either sides of the aisle facing a dais where sermons are made

Far Eastern University

Far Eastern University At the Far Eastern University (FEU) in Quiapo, Manila, five Art Deco structures on the campus were designed by National Artist Pablo Antonio

Three were built before World War II and two, after, Although FEU buildings were totally damaged during the war, the university was restored to its original Art Deco design immediately after.

The university was given a UNESCO Asia Pacific- heritage Award for Cultural heritage in 2005 for the outstanding preservation of its Art Deco structures.

ART DECO • Art Deco, sometimes referred to as Deco, is a style of visual arts, architecture and design that first appeared in France just before World War I. Art Deco influenced the design of buildings, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, movie theatres, trains, ocean liners, and everyday objects such as radios and vacuum cleaner

LITERATURE

• Many Filipinos started writing again and the nationalism of the people remain undaunted. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry stories, plays, novels and essay. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for independence.

By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines, with English serving the medium of instruction. We can trace the beginnings of Philippine literature in English with the coming of the Americans.

Visual Arts

Visual Arts • The American brought in Education and Value Formation, with both following the “American way of life” (Alice Guillermo, Sining Biswal, 1994, p. 4) • Art Illustration, Advertising and Commercial Design gained popularity and incorporated in Fine Arts. • Painting themes still largely favored Genre Paintings, Landscapes and Still Life; Portraits are reserved for high ranking officials with a more academic approach to make the subject more formal.

Watawat ng Pilipinas Fernando Amorsolo

Government • Partisan politics was one of the influences of the Americans on our government. • Implementation of municipal elections • The election in the Philippines turned to be like the election of the Americans.

Religion • During the Spanish colonization, the Filipino people were forced to convert their religion into Christianity (Roman Catholic). But after the colonization of the Spanish, Americans came and changed the religion into Protestantism which was the religious beliefs of the Americans

Education • Americans introduced the idea of free education to the Philippine islands. The United States even sent teachers to help establish schools where the Filipino children could have a free education. • By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the Philippines, with English serving the medium of instruction.

Transportation A lot of transportation was introduced by the Americans to the Philippines, some are submarine, caretellas, railways, ancient bull carts, cars, etc.

Marston Mat • primarily for the rapid construction of temporary runways and landing strips (also misspelled as Marsden matting)

MUSIC • VAUDEVILLE Vaudeville was a theatrical genre of variety entertainment popular in the United States and Canada from the early 1880’s until the early 1930’s. Each performance was made up of a series of separate, unrelated acts grouped together on a common bill. Types of acts included popular and classical musician, dancers, comedians, trained animals, magicians,

MUSIC female and male impersonators, acrobats, illustrated songs, jugglers, athletes, celebrities, minstrels, and movies. A vaudeville performer is often referred to as a vaudevillian. • New kinds of music and dance were introduced like rock n roll, boogie, jazz, tango, chacha, polka, and rhumba.

MUSIC • When the Americans came, they brought blues, folk, R&B, and rock and roll. They also made music a part of the educational curriculum. This developed the skills of Filipinos in music and so they used this skill to imitate Western music to create local versions of Western music. Songs became a hybrid of other forms of music that were popular then, such as kundiman. Nevertheless, the influence of the Americans in Filipino music proved to be evident during the 1960’s (during the popularity of the Beatles) and 1970’s (“disco fever”).

The Negative Impact of the American Colonization • Americanization of the Filipinos- buying of imported products instead of local ones. Colonial mentality- Filipinos lost selfconfidence and believed that Filipinos could not compete with the products of other countries. As a result, Filipino culture was neglected. Filipino values like “pagmamano” was replaced by saying hi or hello. Filipino food like bibingka and suman were replaced by American food like hotdog and French fries.