American British Empire

2) American-British Empire New England Grows

 The Great Migration 20,000 people came.  Wanted a Christian model for the world. ➢ But, no new Puritans came over, ➢ Sons and Daughters were less devoted.  King Philip’s War (Wampanoag) ➢ Did not like the way fur trade was going ➢ Took it out on the Puritans ➢ Puritans burned down all their food. ➢ Puritans beheaded King Philip and nailed it to a post. ➢ Other tribes joined. ➢ Led to the end of Indian resistance. ➢ Began the Indian slave trade.  Puritans moved inland  Tried to save church with the Half-Way Covenant. ➢ It failed  Salem Witch Trials ➢ Afterwards the people asked for forgiveness for killing so many people; the Puritans were blamed.  Key Phrases ➢ Highly Devote ✔ Sense of community ✔ Protestant work ethic ➢ Ordered Society ✔ Swift punishment ✔ Laws very Specific ✔ No aristocrats • Were put in stocks • Mutilation • Hanging ✔ Roger Williams • Well-liked Puritan Minister • Wanted to separate church and state • Wanted to pay Indians for land • Puritan elders put him in a barn and threatened him • Left town with six followers and started Providence with separated church and state.

✔ Anne • • •

Hutchinson Very famous, nice personality Put on trial for heresy Almost found innocent because she could recite the bible better than the ministers but, was guilty when she tried to claim she spoke to god. • Started Port Smith Rhode Island ✔ Dissenters got kicked out ➢ Relatively Democratic ✔ ½ theocracy ✔ Highest rate of democracy in the world in the 1600s. ➢ Economically Diverse ✔ Could not farm well ✔ New England: lumber and sea ✔ Had to use other ways to earn money ✔ Used New England Ingenuity to earn a living. ✔ 1800s New England became rich in factories ✔ Intellectual Historian Daniel Boorstin • Writes intellectual American History • Talks about New England Puritans making millions of dollars. • Tudor: found a way to carry ice down in the West Indies so the people would not have to drink their “cold” drinks hot. • Anon: thought of making grave markers out of stone. ➢ Patriarchal ✔ Husband in charge of family ➢ Literate ✔ Wanted to read the Bible for themselves ✔ Harvard: established to train religious leaders Chesapeake  Cavaliea Exodus ➢ Cavaliea were supporters of the King ➢ Some became the aristocracy of Virginia.  Key Phrases ➢ Harsh Life ✔ Seasoning (air and water)

✔ 50 yrs life span ➢ Bountiful Land ✔ Grew cash crops • Had the boom and bust cycle • Only large plantations survived • Small farmers grew wheat and corn ➢ Labor Shortage ➢ County System  Middle Colonies: the “in-betweens” Restoration Era  Control: 1616: Oliver Cromwell died ➢ Kings come back with Charles I’s son Charles II ✔ Messes with new world colonies ➢ Navigation Acts: designed to promote mercantilism (sell more products than buying raw materials) ✔ Ships need to have an English Captain ✔ ¾ of the crew must be English ✔ The ship must be English made ✔ Enumerated list must be sold to England ✔ Ships must stop in England before going to France and Spain ✔ Salutary Neglect: The laws were there but were not enforced because both sides were benefiting already. ➢ 1696: Reorganization Act ✔ Proprietor: William Penn • Put in Jail ✔ Dominion of New England formed ✔ King James II said he was Protestant and His wife and daughter were also. ✔ Gave up Duke of York to Edmund Andros ✔ 1685: King James II wife died and marries a Catholic wife and has a son (the boy will take presence over the daughter for the throne) ✔ Parliament does not want to have another Catholic King so starts a revolt ✔ But King James leaves peacefully. ✔ This is the Glorious Revolution ✔ Ended the Dominion of New England

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✔ England has no control of colonies but has a favorable balance of trade. ✔ William and Mary are the next Monarchs. Carolinas ➢ Land given to people ➢ People from Barbados came to grow rice. ✔ Barbados Code: Slaves have no rights New York ➢ Settled by Dutch (New Jersey) ➢ Lost to England Pennsylvania ➢ William, a Quaker, was given Pennsylvania. (Philadelphia) ➢ Quakers were very tolerant of other people. ➢ Believed in pluralism. (Diversity) Georgia ➢ A buffer between Carolina and Spanish Controlled Florida Servants and Slaves ➢ Indentured Servants: stopped coming because of the type of land given ➢ Slaves: took their place ✔ Got to go the new world through the southwest passage. ✔ Triangle Trade: New England, Africa and the West Indies ✔ 50% of slaves and crew died because of scurvy ✔ African American culture is culturally blended. Religion ➢ Early intolerance, later toleration ➢ Isolation from Europe ➢ Impious sons and daughters ➢ Influence of Enlightenment Resistance to Authority ➢ Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion ✔ Head right gave bad land (Indian controlled) ✔ Tried to get troops to put down Indian resistance ✔ Governor Barkley didn’t send troops because fur trade ✔ Bacon ran Indians out then went for Barkley ✔ Bacon died, not unified, were hanged

✔ Freed indentured servants don’t come to New England ✔ Backcountry and coast will always have a rift ✔ Don’t have respect for England government again. ➢ Glorious Revolutions ✔ Edmund Andros got total of six colonies and tried to promote mercantilism. ✔ Dominion folded when King James II fled ✔ No control till William and Mary came. ➢ Pueblo Revolt ✔ 1680: Spanish territory ✔ Wanted Indians to become “Spanish” ✔ Wanted to change a drought ✔ Popé (leader) organized a plot. • So many Indians revolting the Spanish could not stop them • Spanish gave up everything • Spanish come back thirteen years later • Put Indians under Spanish control • But didn’t make them lose their culture ✔ 1750: new dictatorial governor came • Indians wrote a letter and governor was fired