Alternative Energy Systems (voltage Drop Table Dc)
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Alternative energy power systems, components and design assistance.
JATS Alternative Power Company Advanced Energy Group authorized dealer
Scroll Down or Select 2% Voltage Drop Chart for 12 volt systems
5% Voltage Drop Chart for 24v, 48v, 120v & 240v
Max Ampacity Chart for Copper & Aluminum Wire
2% Voltage Drop Chart For 12 volt Systems Maximum distance in feet of various guage two conductor copper wire from power source to load for 2% voltage drop in a 12 volt system. Do not exceed the 2% drop for wire between PV modules and batteries. A 4 to 5% loss is acceptable between batteries and lighting circuits in most cases, however the cost of the next larger wire size is usually insignificant and increases efficiency. Amps
#14
#12
#10
#8
#6
#4
#2
#1/0
1
45
70
115
180
290
456
720
.
2
22.5
35
57.5
90
145
228
360
580
720 1060
4
10
17.5
27.5
45
72.5
114
180
290
360
580
6
7.5
12
17.5
30
47.5
75
120
193
243
380
8
5.5
8.5
11.5
22.5
35.5
57
90
145
180
290
10
4.5
7
11.5
18
28.5
45.5
72.5
115
145
230
15
3
4.5
7
12
19
30
48
76.5
96
150
20
2
3.5
5.5
9
14.5
22.5
36
57.5
72.5
116
25
1.8
2.8
4.5
7
11.5
18
29
46
58
92
30
1.5
2.4
3.5
6
9.5
15
24
38.5
48.5
77
40
.
.
2.8
4.5
7
11.5
18
29
36
56
50
.
.
2.3
3.6
5.5
9
14.5
23
29
46
100
.
.
.
.
2.9
4.6
7.2
11.5
14.5
23
150
.
.
.
.
.
.
4.8
7.7
9.7
15
200
.
.
.
.
.
.
3.6
5.8
7.3
11
Top of Page
#2/0 #4/0 .
.
5% Voltage Drop Table The following tables represent the maximum one-way distance for various wire guage, voltage and current combinations based upon a 5% voltage loss for 120v and 24v. Five percent is acceptable in most low voltage systems, except 12 volt (see above). NOTE: To obtain a 2% figure from these tables, divide the given distance shown in the table by 2.5. For calculating distances for 48 volt systems, multiply the 24 volt distances by 2. For 240 volt systems, multiply the 120 volt distances by 2. Below stepped lines check ampacity. The (=) indicates over 1000 feet. Top table = 120/240 volts; Lower table = 24/48 volts; or slide page to view voltage -------------------->
Below stepped lines check ampacity. The (=) indicates over 1000 feet. To achieve maximum efficiency from your power system you do not want to under-size your wire between various components. If in doubt use a larger wire size than the charts below suggest. We will generally size the wire to maintain no more than a 2 - 3 percent voltage drop regardless of the system voltage, however this factor is more critical on low voltages. For 120/240 volts a maximum of five percent loss is acceptable unless specific equipment dictates otherwise.
The difference in cost of the next larger-size wire is usually insignificant to the overall costs where performance may be affected over the life of the components. In addition, improperly sized wire can shorten the life of your components. **IMPORTANT** Before using these tables, some calculations must first be performed by the system designer to insure accurate current ratings and safety factors are used. For solar modules, the UL-1703 standard requires the short circuit current (lsc) rating of the PV module be multiplied by 125% before other factors are applied. This is because the PV module electrical performance can increase above the factory rating due to the conbination of increased operating temperatures and enhanced irradiances over 1000W/M2 (such as edge-of-cloud effect).
NOTE The "edge-of-cloud effect" is also a consideration when sizing a charge/voltage controller for solar modules. Use the short-circuit current rating to determine the controller. The NEC requires the short circuit current ratings of the PV module or array be multiplied by 125% before calculating ampacities of any cable or overcurrent device. This is in addition to the UL rquired 125%! This yields a multiplier of (125%x125%=156%) or 1.56. Although this may seem redundant, good design practice dictates both factors should be used when determining wire size from the solar array to the battery. Example When calculating wire size from battery to load, multiply the load current by only 125% (1.25). Example: A 24V solar array of four Solarex MSX-120 modules, 2 in series by 2 parallel modules located 30 ft. from the battery; lsc=7.60 A (one module); 7.60 x 2 = 15.2A (two modules); 15.2A x 1.56 = 23.71A. Using the 24 volt table, locate a value equal to or greater than 24 amps from the left column, follow a line to the right until a distance at or above 30 ft. is found. For this example, using the 24 volt table, we find 25 amps at 36 feet to be the best selection (for not more than 5% loss) indicating a wire size of #8 AWG. For larger batteries and inverters (battery to inverter cable connections) a minimum 4/0 cable is recommended. Top of Page
Maximum Ampacity for Copper and Aluminum Wire Wire Size
Copper
Aluminum
14
25
.
12
30
25
10
40
35
8
55
45
6
75
60
4
95
75
2
130
100
1
150
115
1/0
170
135
2/0
265
150
4/0
360
205
NEC allows rounding up cable ampacity to next standard fuse or breaker. Top of Page
Go back to solar power system sizing
© JATS Alternative Power Company - All rights reserved
Site Index Site Index Basics Basics Sizing Sizing Resources Resources Equipment Equipment Contact Us Contact Us Opportunities
Opportunities A complete organized listing of all page links A complete organized listing of all page links Learn the basics of solar and wind power systems Learn the basics of solar and wind power systems Use our design tools to estimate your system size and cost Use our design tools to estimate your system size and cost View state incentives and other energy related links View state incentives and other energy related links View all equipment selections from leading manufacturers View all equipment selections from leading manufacturers Provides company contact information for phone, fax or email Provides company contact information for phone, fax or email Join our growing network of professional dealers Join our growing network of professional dealers
JATS Alternative Power Company Advanced Energy Group authorized dealer
Scroll Down or Select 2% Voltage Drop Chart for 12 volt systems
5% Voltage Drop Chart for 24v, 48v, 120v & 240v
Max Ampacity Chart for Copper & Aluminum Wire
2% Voltage Drop Chart For 12 volt Systems Maximum distance in feet of various guage two conductor copper wire from power source to load for 2% voltage drop in a 12 volt system. Do not exceed the 2% drop for wire between PV modules and batteries. A 4 to 5% loss is acceptable between batteries and lighting circuits in most cases, however the cost of the next larger wire size is usually insignificant and increases efficiency. Amps
#14
#12
#10
#8
#6
#4
#2
#1/0
1
45
70
115
180
290
456
720
.
2
22.5
35
57.5
90
145
228
360
580
720 1060
4
10
17.5
27.5
45
72.5
114
180
290
360
580
6
7.5
12
17.5
30
47.5
75
120
193
243
380
8
5.5
8.5
11.5
22.5
35.5
57
90
145
180
290
10
4.5
7
11.5
18
28.5
45.5
72.5
115
145
230
15
3
4.5
7
12
19
30
48
76.5
96
150
20
2
3.5
5.5
9
14.5
22.5
36
57.5
72.5
116
25
1.8
2.8
4.5
7
11.5
18
29
46
58
92
30
1.5
2.4
3.5
6
9.5
15
24
38.5
48.5
77
40
.
.
2.8
4.5
7
11.5
18
29
36
56
50
.
.
2.3
3.6
5.5
9
14.5
23
29
46
100
.
.
.
.
2.9
4.6
7.2
11.5
14.5
23
150
.
.
.
.
.
.
4.8
7.7
9.7
15
200
.
.
.
.
.
.
3.6
5.8
7.3
11
Top of Page
#2/0 #4/0 .
.
5% Voltage Drop Table The following tables represent the maximum one-way distance for various wire guage, voltage and current combinations based upon a 5% voltage loss for 120v and 24v. Five percent is acceptable in most low voltage systems, except 12 volt (see above). NOTE: To obtain a 2% figure from these tables, divide the given distance shown in the table by 2.5. For calculating distances for 48 volt systems, multiply the 24 volt distances by 2. For 240 volt systems, multiply the 120 volt distances by 2. Below stepped lines check ampacity. The (=) indicates over 1000 feet. Top table = 120/240 volts; Lower table = 24/48 volts; or slide page to view voltage -------------------->
Below stepped lines check ampacity. The (=) indicates over 1000 feet. To achieve maximum efficiency from your power system you do not want to under-size your wire between various components. If in doubt use a larger wire size than the charts below suggest. We will generally size the wire to maintain no more than a 2 - 3 percent voltage drop regardless of the system voltage, however this factor is more critical on low voltages. For 120/240 volts a maximum of five percent loss is acceptable unless specific equipment dictates otherwise.
The difference in cost of the next larger-size wire is usually insignificant to the overall costs where performance may be affected over the life of the components. In addition, improperly sized wire can shorten the life of your components. **IMPORTANT** Before using these tables, some calculations must first be performed by the system designer to insure accurate current ratings and safety factors are used. For solar modules, the UL-1703 standard requires the short circuit current (lsc) rating of the PV module be multiplied by 125% before other factors are applied. This is because the PV module electrical performance can increase above the factory rating due to the conbination of increased operating temperatures and enhanced irradiances over 1000W/M2 (such as edge-of-cloud effect).
NOTE The "edge-of-cloud effect" is also a consideration when sizing a charge/voltage controller for solar modules. Use the short-circuit current rating to determine the controller. The NEC requires the short circuit current ratings of the PV module or array be multiplied by 125% before calculating ampacities of any cable or overcurrent device. This is in addition to the UL rquired 125%! This yields a multiplier of (125%x125%=156%) or 1.56. Although this may seem redundant, good design practice dictates both factors should be used when determining wire size from the solar array to the battery. Example When calculating wire size from battery to load, multiply the load current by only 125% (1.25). Example: A 24V solar array of four Solarex MSX-120 modules, 2 in series by 2 parallel modules located 30 ft. from the battery; lsc=7.60 A (one module); 7.60 x 2 = 15.2A (two modules); 15.2A x 1.56 = 23.71A. Using the 24 volt table, locate a value equal to or greater than 24 amps from the left column, follow a line to the right until a distance at or above 30 ft. is found. For this example, using the 24 volt table, we find 25 amps at 36 feet to be the best selection (for not more than 5% loss) indicating a wire size of #8 AWG. For larger batteries and inverters (battery to inverter cable connections) a minimum 4/0 cable is recommended. Top of Page
Maximum Ampacity for Copper and Aluminum Wire Wire Size
Copper
Aluminum
14
25
.
12
30
25
10
40
35
8
55
45
6
75
60
4
95
75
2
130
100
1
150
115
1/0
170
135
2/0
265
150
4/0
360
205
NEC allows rounding up cable ampacity to next standard fuse or breaker. Top of Page
Go back to solar power system sizing
© JATS Alternative Power Company - All rights reserved
Site Index Site Index Basics Basics Sizing Sizing Resources Resources Equipment Equipment Contact Us Contact Us Opportunities
Opportunities A complete organized listing of all page links A complete organized listing of all page links Learn the basics of solar and wind power systems Learn the basics of solar and wind power systems Use our design tools to estimate your system size and cost Use our design tools to estimate your system size and cost View state incentives and other energy related links View state incentives and other energy related links View all equipment selections from leading manufacturers View all equipment selections from leading manufacturers Provides company contact information for phone, fax or email Provides company contact information for phone, fax or email Join our growing network of professional dealers Join our growing network of professional dealers
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