Alkanes And Aromatic Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds Bonding In Hydrocarbons Naming

Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds Bonding in Hydrocarbons Naming Alkanes Properties of Alkanes Timberlake LecturePLUS

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“The most important hypothesis in all of

biology…is that everything that animals do, atoms do. In other words, there is nothing that living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics.” Richard Feynman (1918-1988)

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Organic Compounds  Contain

carbon

 Have

covalent bonds

 Have

low melting points

 Have

low boiling points

 Burn

in air (oxygen)

 Are

soluble in nonpolar solvents

 Form

large molecules Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Alkanes

 Contain

C and H only

 Contain

single bonds C-C

 Have  Are

4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom

nonpolar

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Complete Structural Formulas Show the bonds between each of the atoms H H H: C: H ••

H

C

H

••

H

H CH4 , methane Timberlake LecturePLUS

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More Alkanes H

H

H

HCondensed Structural Formulas

C

C

H

HEthane

H CH3

CH3

H

H

H

C

C

C

H

H

H Propane

H

CH3 CH2 CH3

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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IUPAC Names Name

# carbons

Structural Formula

Methane 1

CH4

Ethane

CH3CH3

2

Propane 3

CH3CH2CH3

Butane

CH3CH2CH2CH3

4

Pentane 5

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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IUPAC NAMES Name # carbons

Structural Formula

Hexane 6

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Heptane 7

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Octane

8

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Nonane 9

CH3 CH2 CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Decane 10 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Learning Check Alk1 A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H H

C

C

C

C

H

H

H H

H

B. What is its molecular formula? C. What is its name?

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Solution Alk1 A.

CH3CH2CH2CH3

B.

C4H10

C.

butane

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Reactions of Alkanes Combustion

alkane + O2

CO2 + H2O + heat

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Combustion In the Cell Metabolic oxidation is combustion C6H12 O6 + 6O2

6CO2 + 6H2O + heat

glucose

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Learning Check Alk2 Complete the combustion reaction for C 3H 8 + O 2

+

Balance your equation

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Solution Alk2 Step 1 C3H8 + O2

CO2 + H2O

Step 2 C3H8 + O2

3 CO2 + 4 H2O

Step 3 C3H8 + 5 O2

3 CO2 + 4 H2O

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Learning Check Alk3 Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C7H16

Timberlake LecturePLUS

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Solution Alk3 Step 1 C7H16 + O2

CO2 + H2O

Step 2 C7H16 + O2

7 CO2 + 8 H2O

Step 3 C7H16 + 11 O2

7 CO2 + 8 H2O

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