Alexandra Krauze

homosapiensi, rogorc

momakvdinebeli virusi planetisaTvis aleqsandra krauze viRacam aRniSna rom adamiani aris udidesi, urTulesi, ulamazesi da mravalferovani samyaros nawili; rom TviToeuli adamiani TavisTavad warmoadgens calkeul, damoukidebel, aseve mravalferovan da lamaz samyaros. Tu ar meSleba es cnobili poloneli mwerlis, ianuS viSnevskis erT-erTi personaJi iyo, romelic TumcaRa cols Ralatobda, mainc sasiamovno, keTili da Wkviani kacis STabeWdilebas tovebda mkiTxvelze. vfiqrob, samarTliani gamonaTqvamia, dRevandelma adamianma xom evoluciis didi gza gamoiara: jer cecxli moipova, borbali gamoigona, Semdeg damwerloba Seqmna, piramidebi aago, atomuri birTvic ki gaxliCa da arc amaze SeCerda. misma fsiqikam mniSvnelovani saxecvlileba ganicada, droTa ganmavlobaSi adamianis Sinagani samyaro sul ufro da ufro rTuli da saintereso xdeba, mis inteleqts sul ufro maRali simaRleebis dapyroba ZaluZs, magram miuxedavad am yvelafrisa adamianebs xSirad aviwydebaT ramodenime Zalian martivi da ubralo WeSmariteba, rogoricaa magaliTad ar moisaqmo iq sadac cxovrob, an ar CaafurTxo im WaSi, saidanac yoveldRiurad wyals svav. Aai, aseTi ubralo raRaceebis ugulebelyofa SevZeliT sakuTar Sinagan samyaroze fokusirebulma da ganviTarebulma adamianebma, ase daviviwyeT garegani samyaro da amis damadasturebeli sabuTi dedamiwis dRevandeli ekologiuri mdgomareobaa.

UmiCneulia, rom omebma garemoze uaryofiTi zegavlenis moxdena daiwyes XX saukuneSi, magram es ase ar aris. XX-XXI saukuneebSi kacobriobis barbarosobis Sedegebi ubralod ufro savalalo da martivad SesamCnevi gaxda, rogorc ki adamianma gamoigona nemsi da niCabi, anu samuSao iaraRebi, mis arsenalSi aseve gaCnda najaxi da Subi – iaraRebi gamogonili ganadgurebisaTvis. homosapiensi gamoeyo sxva, martiv cxovelebs da daiwyo sakuTari Tavis msgavsi arsebebis xocva cxoveluri sisastikiT. pirveli aseulobiT aTasi weliwadi adamianebi ar gamoirCeodnen gansakuTrebuli originalurobiT dedamiwis sxva binadarTa fonze, magram mogvianebiT maT aRmoaCines keTilSobili liTonebi da sul male gaCnda iseTi mcnebebi, rogoricaa oqro da vercxli. am droidan moyolebuli dRemde, buneba sul ufro zaraldeba adamianebis ganuwyveteli brZolebisagan. Yyvelaferi daiwyo imiT rom “homosapiensebma” daiwyes umeteswilad oqros sabadoebis maxloblad ganlagebuli sakuTari soflebisa Tu qalaqebis gamagreba, sangrebisa Txra, tyeebis gaCexva da a. S. tyeebi gamoiyeneboda ara mxolod sacxovreblis asagebad, aramed iaraRad, magaliTad erT-erTi umartivesi xerxi gaxldaT xeebis kronis dazianeba da mtris jaris moaxlovebisas maTi waqceva mowinaaRmdegeze. dReisaTvis aseTi martivi meTodebi ufro rTuliT Seicvala, samwuxaro mxolod is aris, rom tyeTa binadarTaTvis dartyma ar Semsubuqebula, aramed piriqiT, damZimda. uZvelesi droidan mowinaaRmdegis damarcxebis kidev ramodenime utyuari xerxi arsebobs, magaliTad, xanZris gaCena an sasmeli wylis mowamla. K aseve, mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens garemoze adamianTa didi masis gadaadgileba, maTTan erTad ki sabrZolo iaraRebisa da teqnikis. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba am faqtorma miiRo XX saukuneSi, rodesac milionobiT jariskacis fexma, borbalma da mZime teqnikis muxluxoebma daiwyes miwis Telva, xolo maT mier gamoyofilma produqtebma garemos dabinZureba. XX saukunis zaralma wina saukuneebis mier miyenebul zarals 100-jer da 1000-jer gadaaWarba, Aamas ki rasakvirvelia axli teqnologiebi ganapirobebda. aq pirvelad da yvelaze metad albaT amerikam ,,iyoCaRa”, rodesac daiwyo omi vietnamSi. Mman aqcia vietnami axali sabrZolo taqtikis da axali masiuri gandgurebis iaraRis gamoyenebis poligonad. Ffaqtiurad es iyo pirveli msxvilmaStabiani qimiuri omi. Yyvelaze mZime da damangreveli Sedegi Semdegma nabijebma iqonies: ganuwyveteli masiuri bombardireba, -Oomis ganmavlobaSi vietnamSi daaxloebiT 21 000 000 aviabombi da 230 milionze meti naRmi iyo gamoyenebuli. sxvadasxvagvari saxis mZime sabrZolo teqnikis gamoyeneba da sxvadasxva qimikatebis gamoyeneba yanebisa da tyeebis gasanadgureblad. aT weliwadSi gamoyenebuli iyo daaxloebiT 72 milioni litri. omebi auRwerl zegavlenas axdens samyaroze da adamianebze. rac ufro viTardeba adamianis goneba, miT ufro sastiki xdeba omi da saSineli misi

meTodebi da Sedegebi. Tavdapirvelad, bunebis danakargebi adamianis susti SesaZleblobebis gamo ar iyo sagrZnobi, magram, rac ufro izrdeboda “homosapiensis” SesaZleblobebi, miT ufro SesamCnevi xdeboda es danakargebi da dReisaTvis katastrofuli gaxda. birTvuli iaraRis Seqmnis Semdeg planetis mowamlam gansakuTrebiT intensiuri saxe miiRo. 1992 wlisaTvis msoflioSi 2000-ze meti atomuri afTqebaa ganxorcielebuli. Aam saerTo ricxvidan 1000-ze meti aSS-s damsaxurebas warmoadgens; yofili ssrk-s damsaxureba daaxloebiT 700-ia; 150-idan 200-amde safrangeTis sindiszea, xolo 50-50-i britaneTisa da CineTis miRwevebs warmoadgens. sainteresoa is faqti, rom Yyvela birTvuli teqnologiis mwarmoebelma qveyanam ratomRac nagavsayrelad airCia okeane. safrangeTis (la-ate) da britaneTis (sela-fildi) radioqimiuri qarxnebis toqsikuri narCenebi 1986 wlamde irlandiis zRvaSi xvdeboda. Aanalizebma aCvenes rom 100 kilometris radiusSi im adgilidan, sadac toqsinebi iyo moTavsebuli, SeiniSneba aqturi plutoniis SeRweva zRvis fskeris gruntSi 20 santimetris siRrmeze. zogierTi eqspertis SefasebiT irlandiuri zRvis dabinZurebis done msoflio okeanis dabinZurebis dones aRemateba.

radioaqtiuli nivTierebebis zRvebisa da okeaneebis fskerze damarxva ufro aqtiurad daiwyo, rodesac gemebze gaCnda atomuri reaqtorebi. ramdenime aTeuli wlis win ruseTSi, kolskis yureSi meTevzeebi sxvadasxva jiSis Tevzs iWerdnen, xolo amJamad wylis zedapiri dafarulia navTobisa da zeTis cximiani laqebiT, romlebic talRebs gamoaqvT sanapiroze. am peizaJs amSvenebs moZvelebuli gemebis sasaflao, romelic gadaSlilia sanapiros gaswvriv. A aq aseve moZraobs ramodenime aseuli samoqalaqo gemi da wyalqveSa navebi, romlebic ruseTis samxedro-sazRvao flotis sakuTrebas warmoadgens. rac Seexeba wyalqveSa navebis birTvul sawvavs, magaliTad, ruseTSi mis Sesanaxad iyo agebuli specialuri avzebi. Aam avzebSi aTavsebdnen gadamuSavebul urans, imisaTvis rom radiaqtiulobas daewia maCveneblebamde, romlebic mis transportirebis saSualebas iZleoda. am gziT inaxeba aTobiT aTasi

konteineri, da am danadgarebTan muSaobs specialurad momzadebuli personali, rogorc wesi birTvul wyalqveSa navebSi namuSevari oficrebi. 1982 wels erTerTma aseTma sacavma gaJona. radioaqtiuli nivTierebebi moxvda gruntSi da kolskis yureSi. aranakleb sainteresoa is faqtic, rom im droisTvis arsebobda molaparakeba sabWoTa kavSirsa da norvegias Soris msgavsi incidentebis SemTxvevaSi dauyovneblivi informaciis gacvlis Taobaze, magram miuxedavad amisa ase ar moxda. Mmxolod mravali wlis Semdeg gazeTSi “izvestia” daibeWda masala saxelwodebiT “ucnobi avaria CrdiloeT flotis radioaqtiuli narCenebis sacavSi”. Ees publikacia mxolod imitom gaxda SesaZlebeli, rom norvegiulma ekologiurma organizaciam, saxelwodebiT “beluna”, raRacnairad moipova CrdiloeT flotis arqivis masalebi. gazeTma “aftenfostenma” ki gamoamzeura es sensaciuri masala, ekologebis daskvnebi da rukebi, sadac miTiTebuli iyo flotis bazebis sacavebis da sxva obieqtebis adgilmdebareoba. Akidev erT, aseve Zalze saintereso meTods mimarTavdnen ruseTSi radioaqtiuli nivTierebebis dasamarxad. iTvleba rom konteinerebi, sadac Sxami inaxeba ar ganicdis zemoqmedebas wylisa da wnevis miuxedavad, rom isini hermetiulia da rom maTi kontaqti garemosTan SeuZlebelia. Tumca praqtikam sapirispiro aCvena. konteinerebi, romlebsac uSvebdnen wyalze zogjer ar iZireboda... da jariskacebi maT ubralod cecxls uxsnidnen.

verc imas vityviT rom am problemebze dRemde aravin dafiqrebula, magram erTiani gamosavali am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ver gamoZebnes. SeuZlebelia danamdvilebiT iTqvas Seicvala Tu ara bevri, an Tundac cota ram 1985 wlidan, rodesac londonSi Caatares konvencia swored aseT sakiTxebze saTaTbirod, magram erTi raRac ueWvelia, evropelebi yvela sakiTxs safuZvlianad udgebian xolme, bevrs fiqroben xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, yvelafers awondawonian da... gadawyveten, roca saSveli aRaravin rCeba. dReisaTvis verc erTi eqsperti danamdvilebiT ver upasuxebs kiTxvas, Tu sad unda SevinaxoT radioaqtiuli narCenebi, romlebic safrTxes warmoadgenen aTaswleulebis manZilze. faqtiurad aravin icis sad aris usafrTxo gadamuSavebuli birTvuli sawvavis Senaxva, anu jerac gaurkvevelia Tu ra vqnaT... homosapiensi... xandaxan igi sastiki monstri ar aris, xandaxan ubralod daudevrobiT gamoirCeva. Aaba ra, Cven adamianebi Secdomebsac vuSvebT, raRacas vakeTebT, vaqturobT, vRelavT, vfarTxalebT, vfusfusebT, mere ki romelime mniSvnelovan xelsawyoze yava gadagvesxmeva xolme, an SemTxveviT xels gavkravT romelime mniSvnelovan Rilaks da bum! milionobiT danaSaulebs Soris, romlebic kacobriobas Cveni planetis winaSe miuZRvis erTerTi yvelaze gaxmaurebuli da saSineli aris Cernobilis katastrofa. incidentamde qalaqSi cxovrobda 12,5 aTasi adamiani, sanam 1986 wlis 26 aprils Cernobilis atomuri eleqtrosadguris erT-erT reaqtorSi ar moxda avaria, romelic aRiarebulia

atomuri energetikis istoriaSi udides katastrifad. garemoSi gamoiyo didi raodenobiT radioaqtiuli nivTierebebi, Mmecnierebi dRemde daoben misi Sedegebis Sesaxeb, xolo statistikuri monacemebi, romlebic mravlad moipoveba, yovelTvis gansxvavebul cifrebs iZleva. danamdvilebiT mxolod imis Tqma SeiZleba, rom dabinZureba ar SemoisazRvra 30 kilometriani zoniT. Tu ki dazaralebulebSi CavTvliT Cernobilis maxloblad mcxovreb adaminebs, romlebmac Tavdapirvelad araferi icodnen katastrofis Sesaxeb da gamovidnen pirveli maisis aRsaniSnav demonstraciaze, maSin am katastrofis Sedegebi xirosimas dabombvis tolfasia. 2006 wels amerikulma arakomerciulma mecnierul-gamokvleviTma organizaciam “bleqsmiTis instituti” gamoaqveyna dedamiwaze yvelaze dabinZurebuli wertilebis sia, sadac Cernobili pirvel aTeulSi Sedioda. Ggrinfisi da saerTaSoriso organizacia “eqimebi atomuri omis winaaRmdeg” amtkiceben, rom avariis Sedegad mxolod likvidatorebs Soris aseulobiT aTasi adamiania daRupuli. evropaSi dafiqsirebulia aTeulobiT aTasi defeqtis gamovlenis SemTxveva axlSobilebSi, amdenive farisebri jirkvlis kibos SemTxveva da maTi prognozebis Tanaxmad am faqtoris zegavleniT mosalodnelia kidev 50-amde aTasi. organizacia “kavSiri Cernobilis” monacemebis mixedviT ki 600 000 likvidatoridan daiRupa 10%, xolo 165 000 gaxda invalidi. zogierTi gamokvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, rogorc likvidatorebs, aseve maxloblad mcxovreb mosaxleobas Soris sagrZnoblad imata leikemiis da sxvadasxvagvari kibos SemTxvevebma. Ggamocdilebidan gamomdinare, kerZod xirosimas da nagasakis dabombvis Sedegad daSavebul mosaxleobaze dakvirvebebis Semdeg damtkicda, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi leikemiiT daavadebis riski klebulobs, xolo sxva saxis kibos gaCenis SemTxvevebi ki sapirispirod - izrdeba. cnobili faqtia, rom adamianis arsebas uWirs misTvis gankuTvnil CarCoebSi moTavseba, igi ver isvenebs, dardobs... mokled Zalian mousvenari ramaa es

homosapiensis goneba, da ai, siaxleebis da saidumloebebis ZiebaSi miaSura man kosmosis ukidegano sivrces. Kkacobrioba ki, sadac midis aucileblad cdilobs kvali datovos, zogi naklebad, zogic metad. viRaca xeze daniT Seyvarebulis saxels amojijgnis, sxva sakuTar saxels... zogierTis egom ki iseT simaRleebs miaRwia rom mzadaa sakuTari qveynis droSa sxva planetis zedapirze daarWos. dafrinaven adamianebi, xan aqeT, xanac iqiT da uxariaT, Sedegic saxezea... aerokosmiuri moRvaweobis sfero moicavs aviacias, kosmosur dargs, haernaosnobas, kosmonavtikas da uWiravs didi roli uSiSroebisa da civilizaciis ganviTarebis sakiTxebSi, magram amavdroulad aqtiurad moqmedebs planetis zedapirze, dedamiwis atmosferoze da kosmosur sivrceze, rac Tavismxriv iwvevs mniSvnelovan ekologiur Sedegebs, rogoricaa masiuri dabinZureba. ekousafrTxoebis sakiTxebis mogvareba ki am sferoSi aSkarad moikoWlebs. kosmosur dargSi moRvawe saxelmwifoebs: ruseTs, aSS-s da CineTs saerTod ara aqvT raime saxis SeTanxmebuli strategiuli gegma am sferos ekologiuri kuTxis ganxriT, faqtiurad es sfero saerTod auTsaideris rolSia ekousafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT. saubedurod, an iqneb sabednierodac, iluzia imis Taobaze, rom dedamiwis resursebi ulevia TandaTan qreba, da qreba katastrofiuli siswrafiT. samwuxarod imaze swrafad, vidre homosapiensebis goneba amas acnobierebs. didi rvianis nacionaluri mecnierebaTa akedemiebis da gaerTianebul erTa organizaciebis saerTaSoriso eqspertebis jgufis saerTo daskvnaSi weria, rom temperaturam dedamiwaze aiwia saSualod 0,7 °C, didi roli am cvlilebebSi adamianma iTamaSa. Ppirvel rigSi atmosferoSi airebis amofrqveviT, iseTis rogoricaa naxSiroJangi (CO2), meTani(CH4) da sxva. maT gamoiwvies saTburis efeqti. E es niSnavs, rom XXI saukuneSi dedamiwis zedapiris saSualo temperaturam SesaZlebelia aiwios 1,1 -dan 6,4 °C-mde. calkeul regionebSi ki SeiZleba piriqiT, daiwios. Tu davujerebT prognozebs, 2010 wlisaTvis tempertura evropaSi daiwevs erTi gradusiT, xolo Semdeg isev aiwevs. Aanu saukunis meore naxevarSi evropaSi sagrZnoblad daTbeba. Ookeanis zrdis garda temperaturis globaluri aweva imoqmedebs naleqebis raodenobaze, Sedegad gaxSirdeba bunebrivi kataklizmebi, iseTebi rogoricaa wyaldidobebi, gvalvebi, grigalebi da a. S. mravali biologiuri saxeoba gadaSendeba. daaxloebiT sami meoTxedi mavne airebis amofrqveva ukanaskneli 20 wlis manZilze gamowveulia navTobis, bunebrivi airis da naxSiris gamoyenebiT. danarCeni nawili gamowveulia landSaftis cvlilebebiT, pirvel rigSi tyeebis gaCexviT. daTboba da okeanis donis aweva gagrZeldeba aTaswleulebis manZilze im SemTxvevaSic Tu ki atmosferoSi arasasurveli airebis done daregulirdeba. erT-erTi procesi romelic amtkicebs globaluri daTbobis Teorias aris myinvarebis dnoba. 2002 wels erT-erT myinvars, romelic mdebareobs antarqtidis naxevarkunZulze, gamoeyo aisbergi. misi zoma daaxloebiT 2500 km. iyo, rac

faqtiurad niSnavs rom myinvari daiSala. es procesi mxolod 35 dRe grZeldeboda, iqamde yinuli Tavis adgilze imyofeboda aTi aTasi wlis ganmavlobaSi gamyinvarebis droidan. zogierTi moazrovne, romelTac Rrmad da gulwrfelad sjeraT, rom xvalindeli dRe usaTuod dadgeba, rasakvirvelia miaCniaT, rom daTboba klimatis bunebrivi cvlilebebis CarCoebSi xvdeba da ar saWiroebs raime saxis gansakuTrebul axsnas. isini Tvlian, - daTboba grZeldeba mokle xnis ganmavlbaSi da SeuZlebelia danamdvilebiT vTqvaT, rom igi saerTod mimdinareobs. arseboben ufro pesimisturad ganwyobili mkvlevarebic, magaliTad p. Svarcs da d. rendels sxvagvarad miaCniaT. maTi prognozebiT XXI saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi SesaZlebelia klimatis mkveTri naxtomi gauTvaliswinebeli mimarTulebiT, Sedegad axali gamyinvarebis xanis dasawyisi, romlis periodic aseulobiT wels gastans. asea Tu ise, sanam mamakacebi omobanas TamaSoben, xolo qalbatonebi SesaSxurebeli sunamoebiT ozonis Sres anadgureben da fiqroben TavianT patarpatara problemebze da sazrunavebze, dedamiwa iRupeba. ra gasakviria, am cocxal ujreds ukidegano kosmosis sivrceSi, Tavisive Svilebi axrCoben da wamlaven aTaseulobiT wlebis manZilze. adamianis “moRvaweoba” Seexo TiToeul cocxal arsebas, pirvel rigSi ki Tavad dedamiwas. Cvens mravalferovan planetaze arsebobs mxolod erTi arseba, romelic eqceva sxvebs, ise rogorc adamiani eqceva dedamiwas. Ees aris umciresi zomis cocxali organizmi, romelic virusis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. laTinuri sityva “virusi” Sxams niSnavs, ase uwodes mas homosapiensebma. virusi amJRavnebs cocxali organizmisTvis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebs, maT Soris gamravlebas, roca cocxal ujredSi xvdeba, igi iwvevs saSiS daavadebebs da sikvdils. homosapiensis msgavsad igi anadgurebs im samyaros sadac gacocxlda.