Aix Backup Restore

Objectives After completing this unit, students should be able to: Identify issues which have to be considered when deciding which backup ompolicies to implement: r f l ria Media to be eused t a Frequency IX M of the backup A Type T ofSbackup

B

List the different backup methods supported through SMIT and on the command line Create a customized installable system image backup Execute other useful commands to manipulate the backed up data on the media

Why Backup? Data is very important: Expensive to recreate Can it be recreated?

m o r f l Disaster recovery: ria e t a Hardware Mfailure X I A due to installation/repair Damage BTS deletion Accidental Transfer of data between systems Reorganizing file systems Defragmentation to improve performance System image for installation Checkpoint (before/after upgrade) Long term archive

Why Restore? Recover files "I've just deleted file abc by mistake"

m Compare versions fof ofiles r l "I'm sure itatwas eria fixed in 6.0.22" M

AIXsystem after disaster Recover S that the plumber has been in ..." "well BTnow Restore archived data "you remember that project we did in 1997 ..." Shrink a file system

Types of Backup Three types of backup: System Records image backup fromof the operating system

eria t a M

l

Full AIX all user data and configuration files Preserves

TS B Incremental

Records changes since previous backups Must be used carefully Very quick

rootvg

Backup Strategy Backup all data that changes! System backup

at M AIX BTS

e

ro f l a ri

m Full backup

Incremental backup

Incremental backup

Backup Devices - Diskette /dev/fd0 /dev/fd1

Built in 3 1/2" diskette drive Second diskette drive

at M AIX BTS

e

ro f l a ri

m Drive

3 1/2"(1.44)

3 1/2"(2.88)

/dev/fdxl

720 KB

/dev/fdxh

1.44 MB

720 KB 2.88 MB

/dev/fdx.9

720 KB

720 KB

/dev/fdx.18

1.44 MB

1.44 MB

/dev/fdx.36

-

2.88 MB

Backup Devices - Tape 4 mm DAT

1/2 - inch

8 mm

DLT

om r f Low l ria

Capacity

Retension on Open

Rewind on Close

no

no

yes

/dev/rmtx.1

no

no

no

/dev/rmtx.2

no

yes

yes

/dev/rmtx.3

no

yes

no

/dev/rmtx.4

yes

no

yes

/dev/rmtx.5

yes

no

no

/dev/rmtx.6

yes

yes

yes

/dev/rmtx.7

yes

yes

no

e Mat

IX A /dev/rmtx S BT

Backup Device - Read/Write Optical Drive

Use with CD-ROM file system for

er t a M

AIX BTS

ia

m l fro read only operations

Use with journal file systems for read/write operation

Backup Menus System Storage Management (Physical and Logical) Logical Volume Manager File Systems Files and Directories System Backup Manager

ro f l a ri

ate M AIX Back up a File System Restore T B aSFile System File Systems

List Contents of a Backup

m

Files and Directories Back up a File or Directory Restore a File or Directory List Contents of a Backup

Logical Volume Manager Volume Groups Logical Volumes Physical Volumes Paging Space

System Backup Manager Back up the System List Files in a System Image Restore Files in a System Image

Volume Groups Back up a Volume Group Remake a Volume Group List Files in a Volume Group Backup Restore Files in a Volume Group Backup

rootvg Backup Process - mksysb Backs up rootvg only Unmounted file systems are not backed up

m

Bootable tape isiacreated l fro in backup format

er t a M

Provides IX facilities for a non-interactive installation

A TS SavesBsystem-created paging space definitions Saves logical volume policies

There should be minimal user and application activity

/image.data File for rootvg image data: IMAGE_TYPE=bff DATE_TIME=Wed May 9 15:07:28 PDT 2001 UNAME_INFO=AIX sys2 1 5 000930134C00 PRODUCT_TAPE=no USERVG_LIST= OSLEVEL=4.3.1.0 logical_volume_policy: SHRINK=no EXACT_FIT=no ils_data: LANG=C #Command used for vg_data, /usr/sbin/lsvg lsvg_data: VGNAME=rootvg PPSIZE=4 VARYON=yes VG_SOURCE_DISK_LIST=hdisk0 hdisk1 #Command used for source_disk_data: /usr/sbin/bootinfo source_disk_data: (stanza is repeated for each disk in rootvg) LOCATION=(disk location) SIZE_MB=(size of disk in megabytes) HDISKNAME=(disk name) #Command used for lv_data; /usr/sbin/lslv lv_data: (stanza for each logical volume in rootvg) . . fs_data: (stanza for each MOUNTED filesystem in rootvg)

at M AIX BTS

e

ro f l a ri

m

/bosinst.data File for rootvg control_flow: CONSOLE = INSTALL_METHOD = overwrite PROMPT = yes EXISTING_SYSTEM_OVERWRITE = no INSTALL_X_IF_ADAPTER = yes RUN_STARTUP = yes RM_INST_ROOTS = no ERROR_EXIT = CUSTOMIZATION_FILE = TCB = no INSTALL_TYPE = BUNDLES = RECOVER_DEVICES = yes BOSINST_DEBUG = no ACCEPT_LICENSES = INSTALL_64BIT_KERNEL = no INSTALL_CONFIGURATION = Default DESKTOP = CDE

at M AIX BTS

e

ro f l a ri

m

target_disk_data: LOCATION = SIZE_MB = HDISKNAME = locale: BOSINST_LANG = CULTURAL_CONVENTION = MESSAGES = KEYBOARD =

rootvg Image Backup # smit mksysb Back Up the System Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

e Mat

ro f l a ri

m

[Entry Fields]

WARNING: Execution of the mksysb command will result in the loss of all material previously stored on the selected output medium. This command backs up only rootvg volume group.

AIX BTS

* Backup DEVICE or FILE Create MAP files? EXCLUDE files? List files as they are backed up? Generate new /image.data file? EXPAND /tmp if needed? Disable software packing of backup? Number of BLOCKS to write in a single output (Leave blank to use a system default)

[] no no no yes no no []

F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell

F4=List F8=Image

F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit

F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do

+/ + + + + + + #

mksysb Image Blocksize = 512

Blocksize = 512

ro f l a ri

m

BOS Boot amkinsttape te M image image AIX

BTS

Kernel Device Drivers

./image.data ./bosinst.data

Blocksize = 512

Tape Drive Blocksize

dummy .toc

rootvg data

Dummy TOC

backup by name

Non-rootvg Backup # smit savevg Back Up a Volume Group to Tape/File Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

e Mat

ro f l a ri

m

WARNING: Execution of the savevg command will result in the loss of all material previously stored on the selected output medium.

[Entry Fields]

AIX BTS

* Backup DEVICE or FILE * VOLUME GROUP to back up List files as they are backed up? Generate new vg.data file? Create MAP files? EXCLUDE files? EXPAND /tmp if needed? Disable software packing of backup? Number of BLOCKS to write in a single output (Leave blank to use a system default) F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell

F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit

F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do

[] [] no yes no no no no [] F4=List F8=Image

+/ + + + + + + + #

Restoring a mksysb (1 of 2) Boot the system in install/maintenance mode: Welcome to Base Operating System Installation and Maintenance 1 2 >> 3

ro f l a ri

m

Start Install Now With Default Settings Change/Show Installation Settings and Install Start Maintenance Mode for System Recovery

at M AIX BTS

e

Maintenance 1 2 3 >> 4

Access A Root Volume Group Copy a System Dump to Removable Media Access Advanced Maintenance Functions Install from a System Backup

Choose Tape Drive >> 1

Tape Drive tape/scsi/4mm/2GB

Path Name /dev/rmt0

Restoring a mksysb (2 of 2) Welcome to Base Operating System Installation and Maintenance

ro f l a ri

m

Type the number of your choice and press Enter. Choice is indicated by >>. 1 Start Install Now With Default Settings Change/Show Installation Settings and Install >> 2 3 Start Maintenance Mode for System Recovery

at M AIX BTS

e

System Backup Installation and Settings Type the number of your choice and press Enter. 1 2 3 0

Disk(s) where you want to install Use Maps Shrink Filesystems Install with the settings listed above

hdisk0 No No

Restoring a non-rootvg Volume Group # smit restvg Remake a Volume Group

ro f l a ri

m

Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

ate M IX A * Restore DEVICE or FILE BTtheSfilesystems? SHRINK

[Entry Fields] [/dev/rmt0] no PHYSICAL VOLUME names [] (Leave blank to use the PHYSICAL VOLUMES listed in the vgname.data file in the backup image) Use existing MAP files? yes Physical partition SIZE in megabytes [] (Leave blank to have the SIZE determined based on disk size) Number of BLOCKS to read in a single input [] (Leave blank to use a system default)

F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell

F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit

F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do

F4=List F8=Image

/+ + + + +# #

Activity: savevg

om r Activity: f l eria t a M AIX savevg BTS

backup by File Name backup -i [-q] [-p] [-v] [-f device] -q -p -v

media is ready from compressiafiles which are less than 2 GB l r e t verbose Ma - display filenames during backup

AIX BTS

Filenames are read from standard input

backup by File Name Examples Read input from a file #cat listfile /home/roy/file1 om r f l /home/roy/file2ateria M /home/roy/file3 AIX # backupT-iqvf S /dev/rmt0 < listfile

B

Use find to generate list # find /home/roy | backup -iqvf /dev/rmt0 # cd /home/roy # find . | backup -iqvf /dev/rmt0 Relative vs Full Filenames will impact Location of Files on Recovery !

backup a File or a Directory # smit backfile Backup a File or Directory

ro f l a ri

m

Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes. [Entry Fields] This option will perform a backup by name. * Backup DEVICE [/dev/fd0] +/ * FILE or DIRECTORY to backup [.] Current working DIRECTORY [] / Backup LOCAL files only? yes + VERBOSE output? no + PACK files? no +

at M AIX BTS

F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell

e

F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit

F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do

F4=List F8=Image

backup a File System by Inode Syntax: backup [-u] [-level] [-f device] filesystem

ro f l a ri

m

Levels provide ateincremental backups: M IX system back up -0 FullAFile S -1,-2, ...BTbackup changes since level -1 /etc/dumpdates contains a backup history -u updates /etc/dumpdates # backup -u -1 -f /dev/rmt0 /home

Incremental backup Example Sun

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thur

Fri

Sat 1

2

8

9

12 13 14 15 level 6 level 6 level 6 level 0

16

17

18 19 20 21 22 level 6 level 6 level 6 level 6 level 3

23

24

25 26 27 28 29 level 6 level 6 level 6 level 6 level 0

30

l teria

a4 M X I 6 Alevel TS B 10 11 3

level 6

31

from

level 6

5

level 0 level 6

6

level 6

7

level 3

Backup a File System by Inode # smit backfilesys Backup a Filesystem Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

ro f l a ri

m

ate M IX will perform a backup by inode. [Entry Fields] Aoption This * FILESYSTEM [] +/ BTS to backup * Backup DEVICE Backup LEVEL (0 for a full backup) RECORD backup in /etc/dumpdates?

F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell

F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit

F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do

[/dev/fd0] [0] no

F4=List F8=Image

+/ # +

restore Command List files on media (Verify the backup) restore -T [-q] [-v] [-f device]

m

ro f # restore -Tvf /dev/rmt0 l a i er t a M

IX A RestoreTindividual files. S B restore -x [-q] [-v] [-f device] [file1 file2 ..] # restore -xvf /dev/rmt0 /home/mike/manual/chap1 Restore complete file system restore -r [-q] [-v] [-f device] Restore backups in order, that is, -0 then -1 and so forth # restore -rqvf /dev/rmt0

Restore a File or a Directory # smit restfile Restore a File or Directory

m

Type or select values in entry fields. Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.

ro f l a ri

ate M IX A * Restore DEVICE TS * TargetB DIRECTORY

FILE or DIRECTORY to restore (Leave blank to restore entire archive.) VERBOSE output? Number of BLOCKS to read in a single input operation

F1=Help F5=Reset F9=Shell

F2=Refresh F6=Command F10=Exit

[Entry Fields] [/dev/fd0] [.] []

F3=Cancel F7=Edit Enter=Do

no []

+/ / + #

F4=List F8=Image

Exercise: Using backup and restore

at M AIX BTS

om r f Exercise: l ria

e Using backup and restore

Other UNIX backup Commands tar (tape archive) Widely available Good for transfer of data between platforms m oextended r f Has no support for inode (ACLs) l ia

er t a M

IX A cpio (copy TS input to output) B Widely available

Difficulties can occur with many symbolic links Has no support for extended inode (ACLs)

dd (device to device) Makes backup copies that are an exact image Can also be used for conversions For example: can convert ASCII to EBCDIC

tar Command Generate a tar backup # tar -cvf /dev/rmt0.3 /home

ro f l a ri

m

ate M RestoreIX A a file from a tar image BTS

# tar -xvf /dev/rmt0 /home/team01/mydir

List (verify) content of a tar file # tar -tvf /dev/rmt0

cpio Command Generate a cpio backup # find /home | cpio -ov> /dev/rmt0

ro f l a ri

m

e Restore from Maat cpio image AIX S
List (verify) contents of a cpio image # cpio -itv < /dev/rmt0

dd Command Converts and copies files To copy a file to diskette # dd if=/etc/inittabl fof=/dev/rfd0 rom

er t a M

ia

X S BT if=text.ascii

AI a file from ASCII to EBCDIC To convert # dd

of=text.ebcdic conv=ebcdic

To convert data to uppercase characters # cat lcase.data | dd conv=ucase

Controlling the Tape rewind - rewinds a tape fsf - fast forwards a tape froma tape offline -iaejects l er- rewinds and ejects a tape t a rewoffl M

tctl

AIX TS B # tctl -f /dev/rmt0 rewind # tctl # tctl

-f /dev/rmt0.1 fsf 3 -f /dev/rmt0 rewoffl

restore -s # restore -s 4 -xvf /dev/rmt0.1 ./etc/inittab

Good Practices Verify your backups Check the tape device from

eria t a M

l

IXbackups KeepAold BTS

Offsite secure storage Label tape Test recovery procedures before you have to!

Optional Exercise: Using tar and cpio

Optional

er t a M

AIX BTS

ia

m l froExercise: Using tar and cpio

Checkpoint 1. What is the difference between A and B? a. find /home/fred | backup -ivf /dev/rmt0 b. cd /home/fred; find . | backup -ivf /dev/rmt0 ___________________________________________________ m o r f l ___________________________________________________ ria e t a ___________________________________________________ M

IX A 2. On a mksysb tape if you entered tctl rewind and then tctl S T B -f/dev/rmt0.1 fsf 3 which element on the tape could you look at? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

Which command could you use to restore these files? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ 3. True or false? SMIT mksysb will backup all file systems, provided they are mounted.

Unit Summary In order to perform successful backups, consideration must be given to the frequency of the backup, the media to be used and the type of backup

om r f l Backups canatbe eriainitiated on a single file, a file system or M an entire group, all of which are supported IX volume A throughTSMIT B S

By modifying the bosinst.data and the image.data files, a customized system image backup can be created There are many other UNIX backup commands which can be used, however their limitations must be fully understood. The commands include: tar, cpio and dd Other useful commands also exist to manipulate the data on the backup media such as tctl