Agricultural-atlas-2018.pdf

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FISHING AND FOOD

2012-2018

FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHING INFORMATION SERVICE

Food & Agricultural

Atlas www.gob.mx/siap

Directory Baltazar Hinojosa Ochoa SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES AND FOOD Jorge Luis Zertuche Rodriguez UNDERSECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE Raul Enrique Galindo Favela UNDERSECRETARY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Ignacio de Jesus Lastra Marin UNDERSECRETARY OF FOOD AND COMPETITIVENESS Marcelo Lopez Sanchez CHIEF CLERK

Mario Gilberto Aguilar Sanchez NATIONAL COMMISSIONER FOR AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES Patricia Ornelas Ruiz SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES INFORMATION SERVICE Leobigildo Cordova Tellez MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SEED INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION SERVICE Enrique Sanchez Cruz SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE FOR SANITATION, SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Mireille Roccatti Velazquez GENERAL COUNSEL

Rafael Ambriz Cervantes MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON FORESTRY, FARMING AND LIVESTOCK

SERVICIO DE INFORMACION AGROALIMENTARIA Y PESQUERA (SIAP) (Food, agriculture and fisheries information service)

Fermin Montes Cavazos GENERAL COORDINATOR OF DELEGATIONS

Alfonso Elias Serrano MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE RISK-SHARING FUND

2012-2018 food and Agricultural Atlas First edition, 2018 © Servicio de Informacion Agroalimentaria y Pesquera Benjamin Franklin 146, Colonia Escandon, Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11800, Ciudad de Mexico.

Francisco Jose Gurria Treviño GENERAL COORDINATOR OF LIVESTOCK

Jose Apraham Cepeda Izaguirre MANAGING DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON ARID ZONES

Alejandro Vazquez Salido SENIOR DIRECTOR OF THE AGENCY FOR TRADING SERVICES AND DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

Ligia Noemi Osorno Magaña MANAGING DIRECTOR OF INCA RURAL, A.C. (National Institute of Skills Development for the Rural Sector)

Partial or total, direct or indirect reproduction of the content of this work is prohibited, without prior, explicit and written consent from the editors, under the terms established by the Federal Law on Copyright and, when appropriate, by applicable international treaties. The person infringing these provisions will be subject to the corresponding legal sanctions. Printed and made in Mexico Spanish version available in digital format and in print.

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Index Introduction 7 2012-2017 Agri-food sector evolution 9 Food, agriculture and fisheries information service (SIAP): Information that nourishes 10 Mexico: agri-food sector in figures 12 Who generates the agricultural and fisheries production in Mexico? 13 Agriculture: also women’s business 14 Mexico’s Agricultural Frontier: the field of action of the producer 15 Mexican agri-food products: presence in international markets 16 Mexico’s agri-food export sector 17 2018 Agricultural calendar 18 Agricultural area estimation: What, where and how much is sown 19 Tequila agave 22 Avocado 24 Sesame 26 Green alfalfa 28 Cottonseed 30 Amaranth 32 Blueberry 34 Paddy rice 36 Fodder oats 38 Oat grain 40 Eggplant 42 Broccoli 44 Cacao 46 Coffee cherry 48 Zucchini 50 Sugarcane 52 Unmanned aerial systems: precision farming 54

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Mexico receiving station (ERMEX): permanent monitoring of the Mexican territory 55 Safflower 56 Barley grain 58 Onion 60 Green Chili 62 Green or dry chili: for every taste 64 Cauliflower 66 Copra 68 Vulnerability in agricultural areas: water availability in dams 70 Agro-climatic risks: phenomena that affect production 71 Peach 72 Asparagus 74 Raspberry 76 Strawberry 78 Agri-food infrastructure: operational capacity of the sector 80 Food production for self-consumption: overview 81 Bean 82 Chickpea 84 Gerbera 86 Ornamentals: sharing the beauty of the countryside 88 Scientific names: definition and importance 89 Guava 90 Tomato 92 Lettuce 94 Lime 96 Lime: a typical match / garnish 98 Fodder maize 100 Grain maize 102

Maize: positioning Mexico with flying colors 104 Mango 106 Apple 108 Geo-referenced registers 110 Geo-referenced apple register 111 Cantaloupe 112 Orange 114 Nopal 116 Nuts 118 Potato 120 Papaya 122 Cucumber 124 Pear 126 Pineapple 128 Banana 130 Banana: tropical fruit of popular consumption 132 One Mexican woman used to sell fruit... 133 Rose 134 Watermelon 136 Fodder sorghum 138 Grain sorghum 140 Soy 142 Tobacco 144 Tomatillo 146 Organic agriculture in Mexico 148 Agri-food products with designation of origin 149 Grapefruit 150 Grain wheat 152 Table grape 154

Industrial grape 156 With grapes and wine, we are on the right track 158 Safe products 159 Raisins 160 Blackberry 162 Poultry meat in carcass 166 Laying hens: they might not be mother hen, but they do lay the eggs 168 Feeder calves: valuable input and star product 169 Beef in carcass 170 Pork in carcass 172 Overview of Mexican pork exports 174 Table egg 176 Bovine milk 178 Honey 180 Tuna 184 Mexican aquaculture 186 Aquaponics 187 Shrimp 188 Mexican shrimp: crustacean that generates foreign currency 190 Shrimp fishing surveillance: Geo-technologies for fisheries management 191 Lobster 192 Bream 194 Octopus 196 Sardine 198 Acronyms 200 Glossary 201 General information sources 204 Methodological notes 205 Products and tariff codes 206

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Fair, productive, profitable and sustainable countryside: a fulfilled commitment Mexico’s countryside and seas are a source of food and wealth, but also of identity and pride. They manifest the natural beauty of our country, while representing the work of millions of Mexicans who sow, fish and reap their fruits every day. Therefore, from the beginning of his administration, President Peña Nieto established public policies so that the countryside could have a new face and follow a path of greater development, progress and, above all, to expand opportunities for men and women from the rural areas of the country. The agri-food policy undertaken between 2012 and 2018 is an essential factor for the countryside to be an expression of progress and prosperity. In these six years, the Mexican agri-food sector has had significant changes that have led it to consolidate itself as a strategic pillar of the national economy. For the first time in the last four presidential terms, the GDP derived from primary activities registered an average annual growth of 3%, higher than that of the national economy (with an annual rate of 2.5%). FOTOGRAFIA PENDIENTE

Baltazar Hinojosa Ochoa

Secretary of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food (SAGARPA).

The economic dynamism of the agri-food sector and its export boom are the results achieved through a policy of promoting productivity, increasing profitability, strengthening competitiveness and optimizing sustainability. The economic dynamism of the agri-food sector and its export boom are the results achieved through a policy of promoting productivity, increasing profitability, strengthening competitiveness and optimizing sustainability. The emphasis on the shift from subsidies to productive incentives, the technification of irrigation and research and technological innovation have been fundamental for the agri-food sector to be the expression of modernity it currently is. Extension programs and access to technological packages have been essential for the countryside to be an effective productive option and a place of dignified life for rural producers and their families. An agri-food policy based on equity, in order to guarantee that small and self-consumption producers receive more resources per hectare than medium and large ones, has contributed to the generation of more jobs and better incomes in rural areas of the country. At the same time, it has made possible for many young people from farming communities to take root in their places of origin, given the possibilities of development they are presented with. The policy of productive development of the countryside has contributed to Mexico being a leading food producer and exporter. In 2017, there were 30.7 million tonnes more than in 2012, an increase of 12%, while the value of production increased by 333 billion MXN, 46.6% higher than that obtained in 2012. The agri-food exports achieved from 2013 to the first quarter of 2018 amounted to 150.284 billion USD, an increase of 56.4% over the same period of the previous administration, which totaled 96.111. As of 2015, there was a surplus in the agri-food trade balance, a situation that had not been registered for 23 years. Agri-food exports of 32.583 billion USD in 2017, represented one of the most important items in terms of foreign exchange revenue for the country, above the tourism, remittances and oil sectors. The 2012-2018 Food and Agricultural Atlas shows the productive transformation of the Mexican countryside, reflected in increasing volumes of agricultural and fishing goods that supply the diet of the domestic population and are also tasted by diners from more than 160 countries in the world. That is why, as the popular saying goes, if you are what you eat, there is no doubt that the world is becoming more and more Mexican.

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2012-2017 AGRI-FOOD SECTOR EVOLUTION 2012 Agricultural sector

Volume* Value**

235 386,729

2017

Growth

2012

2017

Growth

In employment:

263 468,319

2.5 %

28 million tonnes

21.1 %

6.5 million

6.7 million

In exports:

42.9% Livestock sector Volume* Value**

19.1 317,809

21.1 355,532

2 million tonnes

11.9 %

22.805 billion USD 32.583 billion USD 13th place worldwide

Fisheries sector Volume*

1.7

Value**

21,640

2.1 29,814

0.4 million

10th place worldwide

• On average, there was a 1.63 billion USD increase each year. • A surplus of 5.411 billion USD was achieved in 2017. • In food exports, Mexico's global share went from 1.6% to 2.1%.

tonnes

37.8 %

In primary GDP:

16.2 %

Total Volume* Value**

255 726,178

286 853,664

30.4 million tonnes

12 %

499,516**

580,292**

* Million tonnes ** 2013 constant million MXN. Source: SIAP.

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FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES INFORMATION SERVICE (SIAP): Information that nourishes In a truthful and timely manner, the SIAP integrates, systematizes and publishes official, statistical and geospatial information on the Mexican agri-food sector. This strengthens and promotes the decision-making of the economic operators involved in the production, distribution and commercialization of the food that comes to our homes day by day.

How is the information generated?

How does it make it possible? Through the Agri-food Network in the Web (RAW), the logging system installed in 33 Delegations, 92 Rural Development Districts (DDR), and 713 Support Centers for Rural Development (Cader) located throughout the country.

The Cader integrates and releases monthly information to the DDR, which also reviews, authorizes and channels the state delegation who, in turn, verifies and provides the SIAP for its subsequent strategic analysis and systematization.

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Specialized professionals in the SIAP analyze, validate, compare, and release information supported by tools and administrative records of other sources, standards, and satellite and drones imaging; among others.

Livestock: live and carcass weight of slaughtered animals and livestock population. Fisheries: live and landed weight of aquaculture and sea species. In addition: volume, price and value of the production of all products of the Mexican fields and seas, among others.

4. Coverage The municipal, state and national information is updated every month and is available on the SIAP portal. At the end of each production year, the closure of the production per cycle is integrated for its use and diffusion with different thematic, geographical and seasonal focuses.

Geospatial technicians contribute to the integration of strategic agri-food information by developing important projects using geographic information systems (GIS), satellite and drones imaging, as well as GPS technology, the results of which reaffirm the statistics generated by the SIAP.

Synergy of the SIAP with other parties* International

Profile of the specialized staff

National Product Systems

• Agronomist • Zootechnitian • Veterinarian • Economist • Geographer • Among others Source: SIAP.

2. Analysis

Agricultural: variables such as sown, damaged, and harvested area, type and variety of crop, modality, productive cycles and yield in the subsector.

From space

By land and sea Agronomic, livestock and fishing technical personnel working in the Caders visit production units to monitor and collect periodic and substantial information on sowing and harvesting, livestock and fishing activities.

1. Integration

3. Obtained data

To whom is this information useful? To all decision-makers working for the development of the Mexican countryside and seas: • Governments of the three levels • Autonomous bodies • International organizations and other nations • Producers and companies • Educational and research institutions • Media • Independent users

How is the information generated by the SIAP provided? All the informational materials are disseminated through different means, diversifying the way in which the interested audience can get access to them, such as: • Food and Agricultural Atlas • Agro-alimentary infographics by state • SIAP website • Sagarpa Produce • Agri-food Information System (Siacon) • Agri-food sector statistical information bulletins • Editorial material • Multimedia products • Social networks • Fairs and exhibitions

*Representative sample with whom there is an agreement.

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WHO GENERATES THE AGRICULTURAL AND FISHERIES PRODUCTION IN MEXICO?

MEXICO: agri-food sector in figures 2017 Agricultural and fishing production

Infrastructure

286

Mexico has more than 3,000 agricultural warehouses; 1,143 slaughterhouses; 90 wholesale food outlets; 65 fishing ports; 26,727 km of railways; 390,301 km of road network and 3,240 dams, of which, 1,504 dams are used exclusively for agriculture.

854

million tonnes

Of the 52.9 million Mexicans who work, 6 million do it in agricultural activities, 777 thousand in raising and exploitation of livestock and 172 thousand in fishing and aquaculture.

Profiles of agricultural and fishery workers Position at work

Educational level* High school and college

Population over 15 years old

billion MXN*

92,043,922

Population

Subordinated and paid workers

Economically active

Mexico has 124.1 million inhabitants, of which 9.1 million generate and transform agricultural and fishing goods. 1.7% of the world population lives in Mexico. 10th most populated nation in the world.

54,696,638

43.5%

52,865,845

Self-employed workers

34.0%

36.5%

Complete primary education

Unpaid workers

Employed

5.6%

9.7%

Incomplete primary education

Complete secondary education

26.2%

30.0%

14.4%

Employers * The people who did not indicate their education level represent 0.1 percent

Territory

Mexico has 1,964,375 km2 of territorial surface and 3,149,920 km2 of seas. By extension, it is the 13th largest nation in the world.

Workers by sector

The convergence of territory, natural resources, animal inventory, infrastructure and labor, allow for national agricultural and fishing production levels that place the country in these ranks:

24.6 million hectares

for agriculture

5.9 million people

11 in global food production 11thin global production of agricultural crops 11thin global production of primary livestock 17thin global fisheries and aquaculture production

21.6

109.8 million hectares for livestock

11 thousand

786,000 people fed and took care of the cattle herd

125 thousand

Volume

Raised:

159 thousand

people caught and raised fish

76 thousand

Fished: 1.7

Livestock

21 million

Fisheries

Fisheries

0.7%

3.5%

million birds

12

million bovines

17.2

million swine

8.7

million goats

8.9

million sheep

1.9

million hives

13.3%

Not indicated 314,732

Agricultural

7.4%

Livestock

Livestock Agricultural

thousand tonnes

More than 1 and up to 2 minimum wages

More than 2 and up to 5 minimum wages

More than 5 minimum wages

0.6%

million tonnes

Raised: 398

Up to the minimum wage

Does not receive income

Not indicated

Gender

30

2 million

Agricultural

34.3

7,056,744

(billion MXN)*

ships

560

Workers in primary activities

Value

(tonnes)

hectares for agriculture

7.0% 1.4%

Primary

6,006,521

km of coastline for fishing

11.5%

60.5%

25.6%

th

million hectares

27.0%

26.1%

31,969,381

13,524,988

Harvested:

Income level

Tertiary

Secondary

prepared and harvested the land

27.0%

263 million

356

41.6%

468

776,722

54.9%

91.9%

* Constants from 2013. Sources: CONAGUA, CONAPESCA, CONAPO, FAO, INEGI, SCT and SIAP.

Fisheries 171,829

Mexico ranks 18th worldwide by the number of people employed in the agricultural, livestock and fisheries sector, where India has the largest workforce with 215 million workers.

88.1%

11.9%

Others

101,672

Source: SIAP with data from the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE) and 2017 estimates of the International Labor Organization.

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MEXICO'S AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER:

AGRICULTURE: also women's business

the field of action of the producer

Active participation of women in the agricultural sector States with the largest number of female producers: Oaxaca Puebla Chiapas Veracruz Guerrero Estado de Mexico Michoacan Jalisco Tlaxcala Guanajuato

The main crop in which women participate is maize grain, with 16% of the total production.

In the production of fruits, they cultivate over 150,000 hectares; mainly mango, orange, avocado, lime, strawberry and watermelon.

Just over 750 thousand women are producers. They stand out in crops such as maize, coffee and beans, among others.

This geographic input shows the distribution of the agricultural territory of Mexico categorized in irrigation and rain-fed zones; it uses the municipal division of the current geostatistical framework, which allows the user to make queries and tabular relationships of the information through the keys of state and municipality. The scale that it uses is 1:10,000, which represents the highest detail ever obtained by any government body until now.

They contribute 18 billion MXN in the production of cereals.

To update the agricultural frontier, various remote sensing techniques are used, satellite image processing and fieldwork; all this, done by specialized personnel located in SAGARPA delegations, which are distributed throughout the country

Source: SIAP.

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Percentage of share

15

1% Others

1% Hidalgo

1% Estado de Mexico

1% Tabasco

Guanajuato 2%

1% Nayarit

Puebla 2%

Sinaloa 3%

Yucatan

Campeche 3%

2%

Michoacan 3%

Quintana Roo

San Luis Potosi 3%

2%

Nuevo Leon 3%

Veracruz de Ignacio de la Lave 4%

Guerrero

4%

3%

Chiapas

Baja California

4%

Zacatecas

8%

Baja California Sur

Durango

Source: SIAP.

9%

At the municipal level, San Fernando Tamaulipas registers the largest agricultural area in the country, with 252,780 hectares.

13%

Source: U.N.

4%

agricultural frontier usefulness is published.

Sonora

They represent 15% of the total producers nationwide

2017 Distribution of the agricultural area by state (percentage)

4%

Síguenos en nuestras redes sociales:

are carried out; in addition, a bulletin known as Mexico's

There are 20 municipalities and mayoralties in which no agricultural activity is carried out.

Jalisco

La superficie que ocupa la frontera agrícola es dinámica, pues se reduce en los lugares donde las áreas urbanas siguen creciendo y ocupando espacios que antes eran rurale;s por el contrario, puede ir aumentando en aquellos territorios ocupados por coberturas forestales quitando terreno a bosques y selvas y ejerciendo presión sobre esos recursos. No obstante, la tendencia va en el sentido de producir más alimentos sin ocupar más espacios, lo cual conlleva a ser msá eficientes en la producción.

can be harvested by state (published in the SIAP website)

Tamaulipas

La definición más apropiada que ha venido utilizando el SIAP es la siguiente: “la frontera agrícola es el conjunto de terrenos sembrados más los terrenos que en los últimos cinco años fueron sembrados y hoy se encuentran en descanso por causas de migración o de fertilidad ”. (Se consideran los últimos 5 años como el tiempo máximo en que los terrenos en descanso puedan permanecer dentro de la frontera agrícola). Aquí se hace referencia a que esxtie una vocación del suelo para fines agrícolas, que se conforma con la superficie que actualmente se encuentra en actividad agrícola y aquélla que es susceptible de utilizar con dicho fin, por condiciones de suelo, textura, retención de humedad, profundidad, condiciones climáticas, pendiente, etc.

4%

Sin embargo, las tierras ocupadas por cultivos no son las mismas a través del tiempo, ya que nada asegura que una misma superficie se siembre año tras año; lo anterior hace que la frontera agrícola sea un concepto que en materia de superficie sea dinámico y no fijo.

State limits Agricultural frontier

4%

Concepto Se conoce como frontera agrícola a la zona de división entre las tierras ocupadas con cultivos y aquéllas que nunca antes fueron cultivadas, donde se desarrollan actividades no agrícolas y sólo crece vegetación natural, que puede ser aprovechada para la caza, la recolección de frutos o alguna otra actividad.

Oaxaca

Frontera agrícola de México

5%

The empowerment of women remains a challenge

Based on this geographic input, studies such as surfaces that

6%

International Day of Rural Women (October 15)

Rural women represent more than a third of the world's population and 43% of the agricultural workforce. They till the soil and sow the seeds that feed whole nations. In addition, they guarantee the food security of their communities.

The lands with agricultural vocation are those that have suitable conditions for certain crops regarding texture, moisture retention, depth, climatic conditions and slope; however, if they are abandoned for a long period of time (due to migration, legal tenure problems or if the soils continue at rest), they are no longer included within the Agricultural Frontier.

Coahuila de Zaragoza

They cultivate 95,000 ha of vegetables, mainly dedicated to green chili, maize, tomatillo and tomato.

The agricultural activity is a dynamic process, in which monitoring is important to determine variations present in territories that are being or have been used for agriculture; this process is carried out by the SIAP since 2012. These areas are known as the Agricultural Frontier.

Chihuahua

In addition to being an economic activity, agriculture is a form of cultural identification, a way of life of which women have always been part. Nowadays, the trend is to make their participation more visible, not only as laborers but also as producers and heads of business.

MEXICO'S AGRI-FOOD EXPORT SECTOR

MEXICAN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS: presence in international markets

Mexico is among the nations that export more products from their fields and waters; their variety and quality have contributed to the country becoming an exporting power.

The existence of a network of 11 Free Trade Agreements with 46 countries and a potential market for 1.471 billion people, encourage the search for new opportunities and better conditions for the sale of agricultural, livestock and fisheries products from Mexico in international markets. .

Annual agri-food foreign trade (million USD)

2017 Mexico’s main agri-food markets

3,768

(million USD)

1.0%

-690

2.1%

th

6 Netherlands

289 15 Belgium 141 11th United Kingdom 184

1997

-3,351

-5,178 2007

2002

th

3,201

3rd Canada 910

1st United States 25,738

16th Cuba 135

181

129 9th Colombia 228

963

294

Mexico Rest of the world

13th Hong Kong

14th Vietnam

Exporter

156

129

Leadership in international markets

Beer

17th Chile 133

Tequila

2017 Main agri-food products exported

Confectionery

Avocado

511

466

Asparragus

513

Shrimp

540

Cucumber

Nuts

545

Lime

563

Sauces, seasonings and condiments

Orange juice

590

Cauliflower and broccoli

645

460

G

l

tentia

po rowth

Pastas

Ranking 1st 1st Participation 21.2% 48.3%

Mexico in the value of world exports: 4th

1st

1st

14th

2nd

5th

4th

3rd

7th

11th

6th

17th

2nd

5th

2nd

3rd

14th

2nd

10.6%

24.1%

31.3%

2.4%

17.2%

5.8%

8.3%

7.9%

2.7%

2.4%

5.4%

1.2%

18.0%

6.3%

13.0%

15.6%

1.4%

23.9%

Note: Beef includes edible offal; berries include cranberry, raspberry, strawberry and blackberry. The rank and participation for tomato refer to the total of tomatoes; and of tequila, to total drinks from agave. The ranking and participation refer to the year 2016. Source: SIAP with data from the Bank of Mexico, the UN, the WTO and the Ministry of Economy.

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Agro-industrials 16.609 billion USD 50.9%

Chocolate

Pork meat

665

Sugar

Cookies

676

Chocolate

682

Cattle

Confectionery

Chili

Beef

Tequila

Tomato

Berries

Beer

Avocado

774

32,583 27,172

28,971 25,796

Chili

Nuts

Strawberry

Agricultural 14.027 billion USD 43.1%

Bread

(million USD)

1,040

Trade balance Surplus Deficit

Tomato

Sugar

1,187

2017

2016

The dynamism of the agri-food exporter sector in Mexico, and the level reached in the international sales of its products during 2017, allowed the country to obtain 32.583 billion USD in income that exceeds those recorded by remittances, those received from the sale of oil or those derived from foreign tourism.

2017 Agri-food exports and types of goods

1,340

2015

167

19th Peru

1,777

-4,969 2012

5,411

3,175

For the third consecutive year, the agri-food trade balance reports a surplus, which reached 5.411 billion USD; the highest positive balance since 1993.

10th

2nd Japan

5th China

132 4th Venezuela 857

20th El Salvador

2,106

205

18th Costa Rica

7th Guatemala 283

10th Germany

272

960

Trade flows Imports Exports

12th France

8th Spain

26,714 25,753

97.9%

22,805 27,774

99.0%

8,308 11,659

2016

7,127 7,817

67.7% of the total foreign income for the sale of Mexican agri-food products corresponds to 20 products with the greatest commercial value.

1993

14,885 20,064

Contribution to world agri-food exports

Orange juice

Pork

Preserved fruits

Growthtial poten Onion

Livestock and beekeeping 929 Fisheries million USD 1.017 billion 2.9% USD 3.1% Leadership in international markets Bovines

Shrimp Tuna Lobster

Honey

rowth

G Beef

$MM: Million USD. Source: SIAP with figures from the Bank of Mexico, World Trade Organization and SAT-General Administration of Customs.

Oysters

2017 Foreign income by product (million USD)

Chickpea

Cucumber

tial poten

Crab Sardine

Family remittances Mango

Watermelon Banana Pineapple Lettuce Powdered honey

28,771 Oil exports

23,608 Foreign tourism

21,333 17

AGRICULTURAL AREA ESTIMATION :

2018 AGRICULTURAL CALENDAR 2017 Oct

Nov

what, where and how much is sown

2018 Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

May

Jun

2018 Spring-Summer Harvest

2017/2018 AutumnWinter Harvest

Autumn

Apr

2017/2018 Autumn-Winter Harvest

Winter

Spring

Jul

2019 Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

The SIAP, through high-resolution images, remote sensing methods, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and trained personnel, identifies what, where and how much grain maize, bean, grain sorghum and grain wheat are sown in Mexican territory.

3,163 satellite images were used, equivalent to 5.8 times the continental surface of Mexico.

We worked with satellite images of the SPOT-6 and 7 sensors.

2018/2019 Spring-Summer Harvest

Summer Autumn

Georeferenced information was collected from 22,585 parcels and a collection of 40 thousand geo-field photos was generated.

SPOT-6 image of March 4, 2018, Valle Hermoso, Tamaulipas

The work was carried out in the 32 states and 1,731 municipalities.

Winter

Sown area

Cultivation of grain sorghum at plot level in the municipality of San Fernando, Tamaulipas.

Grain wheat crop at plot level in the municipality of Ahome, Sinaloa.

0.9 million hectares of grain sorghum were identified 0.1 million hectares of grain wheat were located

Cultivation of corn grain at plot level in the municipality of Villamar, Michoacan.

Map key Grain maize Bean Grain Sorghum Grain wheat

Agricultural year: Period of 18 months that includes the sowings and harvests made during the agricultural cycles (Autumn-Winter. + Spring-Summer + Perennial). Cyclical crops: Those whose vegetative period is less than 12 months and that require a new sowing to obtain harvests. These are concentrated in two productive periods: Spring-Summer and Autumn-Winter.

Note: Agricultural statistics in Mexico integrate the production of cyclical and perennial crops. Source: SIAP.

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Perennial: Defines long-cycle crops, whose vegetative period extends beyond 12 months; once the plantation is established, several crops are obtained. For administrative records, these are considered from January to December.

Cultivation of beans at plot level in the municipality of Guadalupe Victoria, Durango.

6.8 million hectares of grain maize were identified

A sown area of 1.6 million hectares of bean was estimated Source: SIAP.

19

20

Agricultural Subsector

21

Tequila

Tequila Agave 2012-2017 Foreign trade

The national harvest of agave cores (piñas) in 2017 was 167,000 tonnes lower than the previous year, mainly due to a lower harvested area and a fall in the yield of the leading state in this agro-industrial crop.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

(thousand tonnes)

The value of the national production of tequila agave in 2017 was 14.114 billion MXN, of which 82.6% corresponds to farmers from Jalisco.

Tendencia Trend

1,879

Average Promedio 1,456

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

thousand liters

Volume

0

188,580

188,580

NA

20.7

Value

0

1,340

1,340

NA

56.0

2012-2017 Foreign trade Of the agroindustrial products that Mexico exports, tequila ranks second for the economic value that its sales report: 1.34 billion USD in 2017. Commercial origin-destination The exports of the Mexican distillate are sold in 100 countries, distributed in all continents, and the purchases made by the United States are the most relevant: 152.4 million liters in 2017.

million USD

Does not apply

There are 29 nations that make sporadic purchases of the Mexican drink; Malta and Luxembourg stand out as candidates to achieve greater sales.

1,086,511,978*

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Nayarit 3.0

2017

Top 10 in production volume

Jalisco 82.6

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Jalisco Guanajuato Michoacan Nayarit Zacatecas Tamaulipas Estado de Mexico Sinaloa Guerrero Morelos Rest

2012

2017

1,426,210 1,194,936 37,630 4,375 118,854 40,536 16,760 7,631 2,500 1,330 0 1,658

1,501,081 1,126,361 256,620 36,335 35,398 16,278 14,826 11,416 2,840 828 178 0

* USD

Variation (%) 2012-2017

5.2 -5.7 582 731 -70.2 -59.8 -11.5 49.6 13.6 -37.8 NA -100

Buyer

Agave tequilana Weber, also known as blue agave, grows a core or piña that can reach up to 45 kilograms before being used for distillation.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Share in the national production of agroindustrials

Area Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Sown 87

NA

17

-6.5 -5.4

NA NA

-4.4 1.9

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

1,501

14,114

85.8

9,403

-10.0 75.3 1.0 50.6

-5.8 -0.9

94.7 49.1

Decrease

Does not apply

1,187

698

2.6%

2012

2017

2.4%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

3.5

8.7

7.5

6.9

6.2

4.8

3.6

7.7

6.9

10.3

11.6

22.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

748

831

Temperature

Edaphology

5 to 22 °C It develops in soils of medium texture, such as 11 to 21 °C clay-loam or sandy-loamy soils, even in highly sloped optimal nocturnal terrains.

1,203

Due to their geographical conditions, there are regions of the Altiplano and northeastern Mexico with high potential to produce agave.

997

National monthly production (%) During the year, there are two periods of maximum harvest of the tequila agave core: from February to May and from August to December.

1,172

Rain

1,000 to 2,200 600 to 1,800 mm MASL annually

1,340

100%

Volume

Increase

22

Japan Japón

Spain España

Guanajuato 10.4

1,501

1,668

2011 0

1,642

1,426

1,281

848 2010

2,191

2009

1,653

2008

858

1,493

USA

Increase

859

617

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exports

6.4 6.9 9.1 7.8 8.3 8.9 8.5 8.9 8.4 9.5 9.6 7.7

Agave production potential

23

Avocado

Avocado

World ranking

In 2017, just over 2.029 million tonnes of avocado were harvested. The states with the highest harvest volumes are: Michoacan, Jalisco, Estado de Mexico, Nayarit and Morelos; together, they account for 95% of the total production of the country.

2012-2017 National production volume

(thousand tonnes)

1

Mexico

2012

st

1

1,316,104 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state 82.7% of the value of the national production of this fruit corresponds to Michoacan; however, Jalisco and Estado de Mexico showed great dynamism in the volume as well.

Tendencia Trend

1,997

Average Promedio 1,463

2017

st

world producer

The Mexican production of avocado is a referent of quality and productivity internationally.

world producer

2,029,886 tonnes

1,644

1,889

2013

2014

2015

2016

1,099

Value

2.9

million USD

1,003,002 1,001,903

2,961

2,958.1

Imports

Exports

681

79.9

2,079

193 Increase

Canadá Canada Japón Japan

2017

Jalisco 7.0

Top 10 in production volume

tonnes

Trade balance

Four out of every five USD that Mexico obtains in foreign currency for the sale of avocado come from the United States, although in the last six years the countries to which Mexico exports this product have doubled.

Estado de Mexico 4.5

2,030

1,521

2012

1,468

1,316

1,107

1,231

1,162

1,264 2011 0

Volume

Exports

Commercial origin-destination

USA

2010

Imports

Mexico continues to strengthen its global export leadership for this fruit. The economic amount derived from its foreign sales places it as the second Mexican product generating the most foreign income to the country.

2,349,858,889*

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Dominican Republic contributes with one in ten tonnes of avocado that are harvested in the world.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

750

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

With foreign purchases of around 15,000 annual tonnes, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are prospects for the commercialization of the Mexican fruit.

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Michoacan Jalisco Estado de Mexico Nayarit Morelos Guerrero Puebla Chiapas Yucatan Oaxaca Rest

2012

2017

1,316,104 1,117,338 40,846 28,766 29,178 35,542 14,784 12,015 6,148 11,431 4,164 15,892

2,029,886 1,565,896 169,688 108,768 49,246 34,846 23,586 16,842 12,009 10,772 9,097 29,137

Michoacan 82.7

Variation (%) 2012-2017

54.2 40.1 315 278 68.8 -2.0 59.5 40.2 95.3 -5.8 118 83.3

Buyer

2,961

Share in the national production of fruits

2012-2017 Indicators

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

218 Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

6.5 7.7

NA

NA NA

189

4.5 7.7

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

2,030

39,706

10.8

19,561

7.4 9.1

31.2 19.0

2.8 1.3 Increase

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

1,600 to 2,200 MASL

1,050 to 1,150 mm

15 to 19 °C

Permeable and deep sandy-loamy soil, free of calcareous and chlorides, pH of 6.0 - 7.5

1,920

100%

1,623

The places of production of this fruit in the country match the zones of high production potential, reason why they are consistent with the zones that offer greater yields.

1,270 951 760

22.1 9.2

7.5%

Does not apply

2012

2017

9.1%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

The avocado harvest carried out in the different producing latitudes of the country allows generating a homogeneous volume during the year.

24

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 2,317

Sown

8.0 kg

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

The Hass avocado (the most preferred variety in the world) is the result of a hybrid obtained from a Mexican and a Guatemalan varieties.

Area

9.0

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

7.0

* USD

Moderately available

6.0

10.2

11.2

7.7

8.8

9.5

8.2

8.5

6.9

8.0

7.9

7.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

1,010

666

609 0.1

0.00002

4.3

3.3

0.1

2.3

0.1

0

1.3

2.9

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.6 23.4 34.8 19.0 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exports

10.4 8.4 9.6 7.6 8.1 5.8 6.3 7.0 6.7 8.9 10.2 11.0

Avocado production potential

25

Sesame

Sesame

World ranking

17

(thousand tonnes)

54,824 tonnes

The largest sesame crops are obtained in Tanzania, leading producing country, with 15.4% of the total global volume.

15

th

world producer

41,953 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

2017

Mexico

2012

th

The national production of this oilseed was 7.7% lower than in 2016. Nine out of 10 kilograms obtained in the country are harvested during the Spring-Summer cycle.

Mexican farmers generate one out of every 100 tonnes of sesame seed in the world.

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade Trend Tendencia

The main producing states of this grain are Sinaloa, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Michoacan; they contribute 88.7% of the value generated by its sales.

64

55.0

Average Promedio

45

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

28,908

10,172

-18,736

77.1

73.6

Value

28.8

21

-7.8

35.1

43

million USD

The Mexican foreign trade of this oilseed has a duality, it registers imported and exported volumes. In purchases, traditional crop seeds are acquired and in sales, organic crops are harvested.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

In 2012, Mexico imported the seed from eight nations and exported it to 34. Six years later, the numbers are 13 and 36, respectively. 34.1% of national purchases of this seed come from Venezuela, while 27.2% of sales were made to the United States.

27.5

Países Bajos Netherlands

5,745,982*

USA

34

29

37

41

42

42

65

52

59

55

Sinaloa 38.0

2008

2009

2010

2011 0.0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Japón Japan

Top 10 in production volume

The largest importers of sesame seed in the world are China, Japan, Turkey and South Korea; each one spends at least 100,000 USD for their foreign acquisition every year.

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Guerrero Michoacan Oaxaca Chiapas Veracruz Jalisco Sonora Tamaulipas Puebla Rest

2012

2017

41,953 15,141 9,776 3,304 4,991 4,649 206 676 3,040 168 0 2

54,824 21,013 14,411 7,192 6,074 3,842 719 639 609 122 90 114

Variation (%) 2012-2017

30.7 38.8 47.4 118 21.7 -17.4 250 -5.4 -80.0 -27.4 NA 7,525

Michoacan 13.9 Guerrero 25.2

Buyer

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

0.7

0.6 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

78

2

76

55

882

0.7

16,091

-15.7 3.6

-22.1 -21.5

-15.5 5.3

-7.7 5.5

-4.2 8.7

9.2 0.2

3.9 3.1

Decrease

37.0

36.4

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 600 MASL

450 to 650 mm

25 to 27°C

Feasible on soils with medium to heavy texture of medium depth, pH of 5.5 - 8.0

100%

24.4

23.7 19.5

6.3%

Increase

2012

2017

8.2%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

17.2

Least or not available

22.3

4.3

2.5

3.0

2.7

1.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

2.0

34.3

26.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

21.3 16.4

26.1

25.6

24.9

The highest volumes harvested of this grain are obtained between November and January.

26

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of oilseeds

Area

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

In the book “The Thousand and One Nights” the phrase “open sesame” is mentioned for the first time in literature, which refers to the property of the ripe fruit of the sesame plant to open with just a touch.

Annual per capita consumption

0.5

* USD

The production of this crop is developed in regions with the appropriate environmental conditions; for this reason, its highest production is located precisely there.

28.8

25.5 22.1

22.5

22.3

22.7

2015

2016

21.0

14.7

14.0

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.3 4.6 5.8 5.6 11.8 14.1 11.9 14.1 7.8 8.6 4.6 4.8

Exports

6.5 11.2 9.6 8.9 8.8 7.4 9.1 9.7 5.6 8.5 7.4 7.3

Sesame production potential

27

Green Alfalfa

Green Alfalfa 2012-2017 Foreign trade

The average annual national production in the last 10 years is of 30.95 million tonnes, which allows to complement the different requirements of fodder for the Mexican cattle herd.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

Chihuahua 20.1

Tendencia Trend

34,044

35000

Chihuahua is the leading national producer of this fodder; it has the largest sowing area for cultivation: 86,140 hectares in 2017. The sale of alfalfa generated 3.395 billion MXN to producers.

Promedio Average

30,950

29,342

29,495

29,111

28,248

31,020

31,271

31,538

32,575

33,120

33,786

17500

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

National total Chihuahua Hidalgo Guanajuato Durango Baja California Sonora San Luis Potosi Coahuila Puebla Zacatecas Rest

Exports

Volume tonnes

4,354

38,310

33,956

-26

9

Value

0.389

11.7

11.3

-76.1

83

Decrease

Increase

Domestic forage exports were marketed mainly with the United States and the United Arab Emirates, which respectively acquired 89.2% and 10% of the volume. In 2017, there were five destination countries for this Mexican fodder, one more than the number registered in 2012. Japan, China and South Korea are the nations with the largest purchases of fodder from other countries. The Mexican sale of this plant has potential in pellets and flour.

USA

Guanajuato 13.4

Emiratos Árabes Unidos United Arab Emirates Colombia

Volume (tonnes) 2012

2017

31,019,937 6,104,083 4,624,331 3,595,989 2,449,185 2,013,920 2,088,051 1,569,348 1,729,325 1,309,905 856,869 4,678,930

33,785,861 7,653,744 4,607,135 3,575,703 2,669,451 2,486,175 1,927,180 1,865,003 1,698,982 1,501,133 1,302,521 4,498,834

Variation (%) 2012-2017

8.9 25.4 -0.4 -0.6 9.0 23.4 -7.7 18.8 -1.8 14.6 52.0 -3.8

* USD

Buyer

Share in the national production of fodders

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

386

NA

385

33,786

16,879

87.7

500

-0.4 -0.3

NA NA

-0.4 -0.1

2.0 1.7

5.1 2.2

2.4 1.9

3.0 0.5

Does not apply

Decrease

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 600 MASL

600 to 1,200 mm

14.5 to 22.5 °C

It requires deep and well-drained soils, pH of 6.5 - 7.5

Due to the great adaptability of this plant species, it is possible to cultivate it in places that do not necessarily have the optimum conditions for its growth; such is the case of the north of the country, where the highest volume of production of this fodder is harvested.

15.4

100%

12.4

11.5

11.3

11.7

11.9

6.4 6.9

26.7%

Increase

2012

2017

27.3%

Mostly available

Moderately available

0.09

2008

National monthly production (%) Between May and September, 55.8% of the annual volume is harvested.

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

An alfalfa plant can be harvested for four to six years on average.

Area

28

Imports

Commercial origin-destination

Main producing states State

Trade balance

Mexico has a large cattle herd, which demands a continuous volume of fresh fodders. The national agriculture has the capacity to produce most of them and even generate a surplus in the volume of alfalfa for its foreign sale.

Top 10 in production volume Rank

Exports

million USD

10,288,195*

Durango 9.0

Imports

Least or not available

0.975 0.19 0.3 0.2

2009

2010

0.164

2011

1.631

2012

0.008

0.01

0.152

0.105

0.389

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

4.7

7.0

8.9

9.7

11.4

11.5

11.3

11.2

10.4

3.9

5.1

4.9

Imports

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 46.5 35.9 6.7 2.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 1.9 0.0 0.2 1.6 1.2 1.7 4.6 11.5 16.4 7.5 26.1 11.0 5.5 3.1

9.8

Alfalfa production potential

29

Cottonseed

Cottonseed

World ranking

In 2017, the significant increase in the area planted with cotton in the six states with the crop, allowed for an increase by 103% in the harvest over the previous year.

11

th

(thousand tonnes)

880

900

Average Promedio

365

279

440

746

669

587

862

593

488

1,009

604

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

With a contribution of 24.5% to the global volume, China is the leading producer of cottonseed.

1,009,103 tonnes

The cultivation of cotton is carried out in the northern states of the country; among them Chihuahua, which stands out because its production generates seven out of every 10 MXN of the sale of this agricultural good.

Coahuila 6.9

Baja California 12.3

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume

148,937

3,039

-145,898

24.2

139

Value

30.9

0.888

-30.012

-23.2

80.3

tonnes

million USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Chihuahua 73.7

Tendencia Trend

13

2017

th

world producer

668,662 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexico harvests one in every 100 kilograms produced of this agroindustrial crop worldwide.

The Mexican oil industry demands a continuous supply of cottonseed, which it meets with internal volumes and with those acquired from other producing countries.

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Factors associated with the geographical proximity of the harvest and consumption areas influence the United States to be Mexico’s only supplier of this crop.

888,360*

USA

South Korea is the target market for the foreign sale of this seed; this nation acquires more than 170,000 tonnes of this agricultural good each year.

Top in production volume Main producing states Rank

National total Chihuahua Baja California Coahuila Tamaulipas Sonora Durango Sinaloa

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

2017

668,662 355,037 152,570 75,290 6,105 58,897 15,897 4,866

1,009,103 708,332 145,176 81,926 32,209 27,998 13,462 0

Variation (%) 2012-2017

* USD

50.9 99.5 -4.8 8.8 428 -52.5 -15.3 -100

Buyer

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of agroindustrials

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Volume Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

212 Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

0.1

212

Value

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

1,009

12,366

4.8

12,254

1.9 2.0

-7.0 6.7

102.7 -54.2 103.0 106.8 92.3 6.4 -28.4 6.5 8.6 15.9

Decrease

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

700 to 1,300 mm

20 to 30 °C

Fertile soils of sandy-loamy to clay-loamy textures, pH between 5.5 and 8.0

48.6 40.2

42.9

27.2

35.6

The sowing of cotton is carried out in regions with ideal conditions, located mainly in the northern states of the country.

30.9

24.6 7

1.2%

Increase

2012

2017

1.6%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

23.0

2.2

0.2

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

1.1

3.5

8.6

26.6

34.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

30

Altitude Between 0 and 500 MASL

28.4

National monthly production (%) The highest volume of the national harvest of cottonseed is obtained during the October-January period.

55.5

100%

Average rural price

Yield

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

In one hectare of high density cotton cultivation, between 100,000 and 120,000 plants are sown.

Area

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

0

0.01

0.044

0.896

0.493

0.522

0.983

4.013

3.145

0.888

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5.2 2.2 2.4 3.0 4.8 4.7 7.4 22.7 21.2 13.7 8.9 3.8

Exports

12.0 22.9 23.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.9

Cotton production potential

31

Amaranth

Amaranth 2012-2017 Foreign trade

Its production during the 2012-2017 period increased at an average annual rate of 3.3%. This rhythm is attributed to higher yields in the states with the crop; mainly in Puebla.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Six states planted the cereal during 2017, including Tlaxcala and Puebla, with a harvest monetary value of 15.854 and 15.679 million MXN, respectively.

Tendencia Trend

7

Average Promedio

5

4

4

4

4

4

5

7

9

6

5

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume

18

65

47

44,339

272

Value

51

241

190

14,367

507

thousand USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

The competitive prices at which the traditional Mexican cereal is sold in the foreign market generate an increasing amount of foreign currency. In 2017, it reached its historical maximum.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The United States is the main destination of amaranth’s foreign sales, with purchases representing 60.6% of the total volume exported. In 2012, the cereal was sold in eight countries, and in 2017, in ten. Chile and Italy make incipient acquisitions of Mexican amaranth, countries with which the sale of the cereal could be increased.

Italy Italia

165,063*

2008

Exports

tonnes

(thousand tonnes) 9

Imports

USA

Tlaxcala 34.5

Top in production volume

Puebla 34.1

Producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

National total Puebla Tlaxcala Estado de Mexico Mexico City Oaxaca Morelos Queretaro

2017

4,279 2,887 499 362 157 0 372 1

5,025 2,781 1,118 871 140 108 7 0

Variation (%) 2012-2017

17.4 -3.7 124 141 -11.0 NA -98.1 -100

* USD

Estado de Mexico 21.1

Buyer

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares

4.0 g

Variations %

3 4.1

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

241

0

3

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

5

46

1.6

9,158

18.2 3.9

-10.0 7.4

-29.8 NA -29.8 -17.0 -25.3 -0.9 -100.0 -0.6 3.3 10.9 Does not apply

Decrease

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 2,800 MASL

400 to 1,000 mm

17 to 30 °C

Well-drained soils, lithosols, vertisols, luvisols, acrisols, regosols and andisols, pH of 7.0 - 8.0

100%

Amaranth’s qualities of adaptation to adverse conditions allow its development in various circumstances of soil, humidity and temperature.

132 87.1

0.1%

Increase

2012

2017

0.1%

National monthly production (%) The harvest of this cereal takes place between October and February, with the largest volume being obtained in December.

32

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Share in the national production of grains Area

Sown

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)

There are two ways in which the traditional Mexican cereal is cultivated: transplant planting and direct sowing.

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

2012-2017 Indicators

3.9

Chile

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

3.4 0.02

2.1 0

19.9 0

2008

2009

2010

30

39.7

3

0.4

2011

2012

86

89

88.2

51

30 0

2013

2014

2015

0.3

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

17.9

8.3

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

13.8

23.5

36.3

Imports

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 88.2 0.0 3.7 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 8.1 1.9 16.1 6.6 1.2

9.4 4.1

6.1 12.4 19.4 1.6 13.1

Amaranth production potential

33

Blueberry

Blueberry

World ranking

In Mexico, blueberry is known as “blue cranberry”, which would be the only “cranberry” that actually grows there. The significant increase in its volume is due to a larger planting area and to the improvement in its yields.

6

2012 - 2017 National production volume

Baja California 20.8

(thousand tonnes)

34

9

world producer

Taste, quality and price converge in the success of blueberry exports from Mexico. The number of destinations doubled in six years, going from 18 to 30 countries. 95.4% of the volume is sold to the USA market.

0.2

2

1

7

7

10

18

15

29

37

216,972,081*

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume

1,585

26,121

24,536

-28.9

493

Value

5.2

231

225.8

-49.9

560

tonnes

million USD

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

13

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

The continuous increase of blueberry harvest in Mexico is directly linked to the growing international demand. In 2017, the national exported volume of these berries reported a historical high of 26,121 tonnes.

Promedio Average

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

In 2017, the national volume of this small fruit generated a revenue of 2.15 billion MXN for the farmers, of which 0.856 correspond to Michoacan, the leading state by value.

Tendencia Trend

36,700 tonnes

There are 15 countries in the world where this berry is harvested. The United States stands out with a volume that represents 48% of the total.

3

rd

world producer

7,191 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

Blueberry producing countries generate an annual volume larger than 552,000  tonnes; Mexico contributes 5.3% of that amount.

USA

The United Kingdom is the third largest importer; in 2017, it bought 45,000 tonnes of blueberry, for which it paid 339 million USD. There is an opportunity for Mexican blueberry in that country.

Japón Japan

Singapur Singapore

Top in production volume

Jalisco 24.4

Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

National total Jalisco Michoacan Sinaloa Baja California Colima Puebla Estado de Mexico Sonora Guanajuato

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2017

7,191 3,984 571 155 894 1,319 237 13 17 0

36,700 14,563 8,861 6,149 3,380 2,638 885 146 72 6

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Michoacan 39.8

410 266 1,451 3,860 278 100 273 1,055 324 NA

Buyer

For the optimal production of this berry, it is recommended to sow the plants at a distance of 1.5 meters; therefore, a density of up to 6,000 units per hectare is possible.

Share in the national production of fruits Area

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

98 g

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

4

NA

3

37

2,150

11.0

58,589

13.6 25.9

NA NA

13.2 30.4

26.3 38.5

30.1 46.5

11.6 6.2

3.0 5.7

Increase

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

800 to 1,200 mm

16 to 25 °C

Soils of light texture, with good drainage, pH between 4.5 and 5.5

188

The cultivated varieties require low temperatures for a variable period. Currently, there are areas with high potential for this crop in the center and south of the country that are not being exploited.

121 85

Does not apply

0.2%

0.1%

4.5 1

6 2

11.2 8

16 11.2

35 10.3

42 5.9

9.6

7.4

5.3

5.2

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

The maximum harvest volume of the berry is obtained at the end of the year.

Altitude 600 to 2,500 MASL

100%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

7.3

8.6

8.6

6.7

8.3

8.8

3.4

8.3

3.1

4.7

11.7

20.5

Imports

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

34

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 231

Annual per capita consumption

99

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

97

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.3 5.3 9.4 4.1 10.5 9.3 9.5 12.4 9.5 6.9 7.6 7.2 7.2 8.5 19.4 21.9 17.0 3.3 0.9

0.4 0.8 3.4 7.5

9.7

Blueberry production potential

35

Polished Rice

Paddy Rice

World ranking

Between 2012 and 2017, the Mexican production of this cereal showed an average growth rate of 8.2%, which allowed the participation of the national volume to continue increasing its share of domestic consumption.

68

(thousand tonnes)

225

Promedio Average

Variation (%) 2012-2017 Imports

Volume 1,182,243 tonnes

224

263

217

173

179

180

232

236

254

266

2008

2009

2010

20110

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Nayarit 25.1

Volume (tonnes)

National total Campeche Nayarit Michoacan Veracruz Colima Jalisco Morelos Tabasco Tamaulipas Guerrero Rest

2017

178,787 32,596 37,007 35,528 16,107 17,501 12,535 14,029 6,276 3,762 1,376 2,070

265,567 70,389 65,529 29,966 27,820 18,940 13,467 13,066 11,508 10,922 2,589 1,371

88,149

-1,094,094

39.3

5,336

51.6

-343.4

10.5

3,187 Increase

The annual world volume of rice imports amounts to 38 million tonnes. Mexico could diversify the commerce of this grain to South American countries.

43,957,827* Venezuela

Campeche 25.3

Variation (%) 2012-2017

48.5 116 77.1 -15.7 72.7 8.2 7.4 -6.9 83.4 190 88.2 -33.8

* USD

Buyer

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

10.4

10.3 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

42

0.4

42

266

1,094

6.4

4,120

1.2 5.1

763.4 -16.3

0.4 5.5

4.5 8.2

12.1 10.1

4.2 2.6

7.3 1.8

Decrease

100%

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

423 358

359 336

0.7%

Increase

2012

2017

0.8%

National monthly production (%) One third of the volume of this cereal grown in Mexico is obtained in November.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of grains

Area

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Rice is the second most produced cereal worldwide, due to its importance for human diet in many parts of the orb.

Annual per capita consumption

10.2

Exports

Colombia

Main producing states

2012

Imports

There were nine nations of origin for the rice that Mexico imported in 2012 and 2017; in the national exports, the territories of destination went from five to thirteen in the aforementioned years.

USA Estados Unidos

Top 10 in production volume

395

Trade balance

Commercial origin-destination

Veracruz 11.4

State

million USD

Exports

Seven out of 10 tonnes of the national grain supply are purchased from other nations. In 2017, an upturn was observed, both in the imported and in the exported volumes.

222

36

2012 - 2017 Foreign trade

2012 - 2017 Foreign trade

In 2017, 12 states cultivated rice; among them Campeche and Nayarit, which stand out for the harvested volume and value.

242

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

world producer

Value

Trend Tendencia

Rank

265,567 tonnes

China allocates more than 3 million hectares to the cultivation of this cereal, which allows it to obtain the largest volume of the grain on the planet.

59

th

world producer

178,787 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

2017

Mexico

2012

th

There are 118 countries in the world that grow rice; among them Mexico, who has yields above the international average.

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

5.6

3.6

2.9

1.6

2.5

10.5

3.4

8.1

6.7

8.5

31.6

15.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

310

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 100 MASL

1,000 to 1,900 mm

25 to 33 °C

Preferably non-calcareous soils, with depth of more than 60 cm, pH of 5.2 - 8.0

395

The best yields of this crop come from areas classified as having high production potential; however, states such as Yucatan, Chiapas and Guerrero present favorable conditions for its production and have not been yet exploited.

387

360

316

314

51.6 6

3.9

3.5

1.7

1.6

5.3

2

2.3

4.4

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.5 8.6 8.4 7.7 8.7 6.3 8.6 8.8 8.4 8.5 11.5 7.0

Exports

6.7 12.7 13.4 9.9 8.7 7.6 14.5 7.9 5.8 3.4 6.9 2.5

Paddy rice production potential

37

Fodder Oats

Fodder Oats 2012-2017 Foreign trade

There was a decrease in the area planted in 14 of the 23 states that cultivated fodder oats during 2017.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

The largest amount of this fodder harvested in the country is obtained from the fields of Chihuahua; the sale of this volume generates 1.162 billion MXN.

Chihuahua 22.6

14000

Promedio Average

10,033

Trend Tendencia

9,960

10,476

9,683

20110

9,362

6,266

2010

10,838

10,015

2009

11,168

10,600

2008

10,903

11,022

7000

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2012

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

1,474

659

-815

20.1

45.4

Value

390

134

-256

-14.4

20.8

thousand USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

The Mexican international trade of fodder oats during 2017 showed a decrease in both the flows corresponding to purchases and sales.

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Mexican foreign trade of fodder oats is generally carried out with the United States of America. The international trade of this fodder is insignificant; foreign sales are made between nations with geographical proximity between producing areas and livestock.

133,832*

Durango 19.7

USA

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Chihuahua Durango Zacatecas Estado de Mexico Coahuila Hidalgo Michoacan Guanajuato Jalisco Baja California Rest

2012

2017

10,903,361 2,934,535 1,949,280 967,597 1,516,188 507,093 484,939 367,629 381,494 253,817 115,228 1,425,561

9,682,821 2,283,072 1,874,179 1,114,065 1,002,540 561,345 470,356 444,948 375,892 338,224 179,630 1,038,571

Zacatecas 10.2

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-11.2 -22.2 -3.9 15.1 -33.9 10.7 -3.0 21.0 -1.5 33.3 55.9 -27.1

* USD

Buyer

Share in the national production of fodders

2012-2017 Indicators Area Sown

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

631 Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

-8.6 -6.8

5

45.8 -37.5

625

-8.9 -5.8

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

9,683

5,134

15.5

530

-7.6 -2.3

9.4 -0.8

1.5 3.7

Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)

455

465

455 243

177

Increase

2012

2017

7.8%

38

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

6.4

5.2

6.9

7.5

5.5

2.5

0.9

4.1

1.1

14.3

33.3

15.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

1,000 to 3,000 MASL

400 to 1,300 mm

12 to 17 °C

Clay or clay-loamy soils with water retention, pH of 5.0 - 7.0

Most of the area with production potential for fodder oats locates in the central and southern regions of the country; however, an important production volume is reached in north-central Mexico.

5

66

111

66

111

173

390

449 150 85

79

155

134

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National monthly production (%) The crop is harvested significantly in November.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

893

465

9.4 %

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

100%

18.4 1.6

Decrease

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

“Chihuahua” and “Cuauhtemoc” are the names of the seed varieties used the most by farmers of the state that produces the largest amount of this fodder.

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 14.2 53.7 20.3 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 6.1 0.0

Exports

0.0 3.0 0.0 80.4 8.5 5.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0

Fodder oats production potential

39

Oat Grain

Oat Grain

World ranking

In the 2012-2017 period, the crop had, on average, a decreasing annual rate of 3.1% in volume as a result of the substitution for other crops in the sown area.

33

2012-2017 National production volume

72,092 tonnes

Among the countries with the cultivation of this cereal, the volume generated by Russia represents one fifth of the global harvest.

34

th

world producer

84,404 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

rd

The Mexican field originates three out of every thousand tonnes of oats in the world.

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

(thousand tonnes)

Chihuahua 50.3

In the northern part of the country, Chihuahua is the main producer of the grain; in the center it is the Estado de Mexico. Both states contribute 78.4% of the value obtained for the sale of this cereal.

Promedio Average

94

85

Tendencia Trend

148

130

111

51

84

91

93

85

71

72

57

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

197,320

207

-197,113

35.7

-18.6

Value

60

0.254

-59.746

39.9

393

Volume (tonnes)

National total Chihuahua Estado de Mexico Hidalgo Zacatecas Durango Baja California Jalisco Nuevo Leon Puebla Tlaxcala Rest

2012

2017

84,404 53,077 17,712 5,485 4,897 786 242 613 10 0 912 671

72,092 35,873 20,821 3,786 3,055 2,989 2,448 1,479 706 390 198 347

Commercial origin-destination

The national expenditure for the foreign purchase of this cereal grain amounted to 60 million USD in 2017. In the aforementioned period, it was imported from 10 nations, while six years ago it was imported from four. Among the foreign suppliers of oats, most of the volume comes from Australia: 112,388 tonnes.

The United States, Germany and China are the countries that buy the most oat grain from abroad. In 2017, they imported 1.552, 0.505 and 0.385 million tonnes, respectively.

230,676*

USA

Cuba Panamá Panama

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-14.6 -32.4 17.6 -31.0 -37.6 280 914 141 6,955 NA -78.3 -48.2

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production To obtain oat flakes, the grains undergo a process of peeling and crushing by rollers.

Indicadores 2016

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

2.2 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Supplier

Main

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

1,000 to 3,000 MASL

400 to 1,300 mm

12 to 17 °C

Clay-silty or clay-loamy soils of medium depth, pH of 5.5 - 7.5

Share in the national production of grains

Area

2.3

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

2.1

Decrease

In Mexico, the national supply of this grain amounts to 268,000 annual tonnes. Of these, 45% were imported. In 2017, the country acquired slightly more than 197,000 tonnes from abroad.

Estado de Mexico 28.2

Main producing states State

Increase

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Hidalgo 5.4

Top 10 in production volume

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Exports

million USD

170

Rank

Imports

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

43

0.0

43

72

289

1.7

4,011

12.2 -2.0

-86.5 -49.9

12.8 -1.6

1.3 -3.1

-3.1 -7.4

-10.2 -1.5

-4.4 -4.5

Decrease

The largest oat grain production in the country is generated in areas with a not so favorable environment for the growth of the crop. However, there are great possibilities for its production in the center of the country.

100%

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

0.3%

Increase

2012

2017

0.2%

21.2

13.7

25.1

40.2

42.9

64.7

53

46.1

27.9

60

0.006

0.009

0.004

0.004

0.051

0.487

0.145

0.068

0.334

0.254

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

National monthly production (%) The country has two moments of maximum oat grain harvest: November-December and June-July.

40

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

4.8

1.3

0.0

0.0

3.5

11.8

6.6

1.5

0.5

7.8

39.3

22.9

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.1 3.3 23.3 4.4 2.9 19.3 2.8 3.3 4.5 4.5 25.2 3.4

Exports

1.0 9.8 4.3 3.1 2.8 0.0 6.0 17.4 18.3 2.1 25.8 9.4

Oat grain production potential

41

Eggplant

Eggplant

World ranking

The eggplant crop grew at an annual average rate of 8.6% from 2012 to 2017.

14

th

(thousand tonnes)

Sonora 1.0

Tendencia Trend

11

2017

th

world producer

122,497 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

world producer

184,872 tonnes

There are 91 countries in the world that harvest this vegetable; Mexico appears as the largest producer of this agricultural good in the American continent.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

China contributes six of each ten kilograms of this vegetable available in the orb.

Promedio Average

107

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

36

76,942

76,906

89.9

21

Value

0.024

25.5

25.476

67.7

53.8

2017 was an excellent year for the international sale of this Mexican vegetable; the exported volume in the aforementioned year grew 11,671 tonnes from the previous year.

Sinaloa is the main eggplant farmer in Mexico; 96.6% of the total production value is generated in that state.

150

Exports

million USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

204

Imports

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The United States is the third largest eggplant importer in the world; the volume purchased from Mexico represents 80.7% of its foreign purchases. The number of destination countries for this Mexican vegetable quadrupled between 2012 and 2017.

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Even though Iraq is the biggest importer of this vegetable in the world, the Russian Federation and Holland are potential buyer nations for Mexican farmers. Each country acquires more than 15,000 tonnes annually.

United Kingdom Reino Unido

Canadá Canada 24,663,463*

Yucatan 0.8

Sinaloa 96.6

185

172

159

138

123

122

2009

9

46

2008

62

56

75

USA

2017

Top in production volume Producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Yucatan Sonora Nayarit Michoacan Baja California Sur Morelos Baja California Puebla

2012

2017

122,497 116,796 4,268 625 547 0 107 70 84 0

184,872 177,349 2,856 1,598 1,529 650 602 130 97 60

Variation (%) 2012-2017

50.9 51.8 -33.1 156 180 NA 465 84.7 15.5 NA

* USD

Share in the national production of vegetables

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Area Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares 0.8

1.0

0.9 kg

Buyer

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

3

0

3

185

1,386

72.6

7,497

-0.3 13.0

NA NA

-0.3 13.0

7.4 8.6

18.6 15.7

7.7 -3.9

10.4 6.6

Does not apply

Decrease

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

The production cycle of this vegetable, from the sowing of the seed until the vegetable is harvested, goes from 100 to 125 days; each plant produces between 25 and 30 eggplants.

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 24.2

100% 19.3

19.9

42

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 800 MASL

600 to 1,200 mm

22 to 27 °C

Loamy, clay-loamy but well-drained soils, sandy-clay soils, pH of 6.0 - 7.5

25.5

21.3

The eggplant is a crop that is not commonly consumed in Mexico. However, there are the geographical conditions necessary for its production.

16.6

16.7 12.5

12.6 8.7

1.0%

Increase

2012

2017

1.1%

0.165

0.029

0.036

0.05

0.015

0.054

0.354

0.015

0.07

0.024

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

National monthly production (%) 96% of the harvested volume of this vegetable is obtained between January and June.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

15.8

28.6

13.1

15.7

7.7

15.1

1.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.8

0.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 5.2 9.7 13.2 7.8 6.3 17.3 39.4 0.4

Exports

15.3 12.6 15.5 11.0 12.9 3.2 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.4 9.3 14.7

Eggplant production potential

43

Broccoli

Broccoli

World ranking

In 2017, the production of broccoli was the best in history, as a result of a greater planted area, better yields and less area lost.

6

(thousand tonnes)

Sonora 10.7

Tendencia Trend

559

Two thirds of the value of the volume of the national harvest correspond to Guanajuato, which brought an income of 2.085 billion MXN for its farmers.

Average Promedio

450

403

574,960 tonnes

China, main broccoli producing country, destines an area equivalent to 38.5% of the total surface devoted to this crop in the world.

5

th

world producer

334,551 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

2017

Mexico

2012

th

In the international harvest of this vegetable, Mexico contributes two out of every hundred tonnes.

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017 Imports

Volume tonnes

6,608

Value

6.3

million USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

374,939 368,331

-12.3

30.1

59.7

53

408

401.7

Mexico has vocation for the export of vegetables, including broccoli. In 2017, the country sold more than 374,000 tonnes abroad, for which it obtained 408 million USD.

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

97.5% of the Mexican exports of this vegetable were acquired by the United States; the second most important destination is Canada, with 6,815 tonnes. In the last six years, the number of destination countries for this Mexican agricultural good amounted to nine.

225

309

333

307

357

335

416

446

449

507

575

397,860,608*

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Canadá Canada

USA

Guanajuato 62.4

Japón Japan

Puebla 6.4

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Guanajuato Puebla Michoacan Sonora Jalisco Tlaxcala Queretaro Aguascalientes Baja California Estado de Mexico Rest

2012

2017

334,551 189,871 18,530 45,885 16,802 29,033 4,170 3,659 7,969 9,430 1,222 7,981

574,960 364,658 47,091 41,516 37,463 23,694 14,384 12,128 11,166 7,026 4,679 11,155

Variation (%) 2012-2017

71.9 92.1 154 -9.5 123 -18.4 245 231 40.1 -25.5 283 39.8

Sown

Share in the national production of vegetables Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

1.7 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

34

0.1

34

575

3,343

16.7

5,815

8.1 7.5

-56.4 -31.7

8.4 7.8

13.3 11.4

23.5 15.0

4.5 3.3

9.0 3.2

Decrease

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

900 to 2,500 MASL

900 to 1,500 mm

15 to 24 °C

Clay-sandy to clay-loamy soils, pH of 4.3 - 8.0

90% of the production of broccoli in the country comes from the central-western region, which matches the zones of production potential. However, there are areas in the north and south-east of the country where it would be possible to successfully cultivate it as well.

390

352

100%

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

408

406 368

333 249

247

267

233

2.7%

Increase

2012

2017

3.6%

4.6

2.4

3

3.4

3.9

3.6

4.2

3.1

5.4

6.3

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National monthly production (%) The largest volumes of this vegetable are obtained in March and April.

44

Supplier

Main

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Area

1.8

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

Broccoli, which means “branch” or “arm”, originated from wild cabbage, from which the largest and most robust shoots were selected to create the new vegetable.

Annual per capita consumption

1.6

European countries make up the foreign market of opportunity for the exports of this Mexican vegetable; mainly the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Holland and Belgium.

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

3.4

7.4

17.2

14.8

5.9

6.2

5.6

9.0

9.7

8.0

10.0

2.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.9 4.0 3.7 2.6 3.5 6.7 8.9 13.2 15.8 12.3 14.3 8.1

Exports

9.2 10.4 12.0 9.2 9.0 6.2 5.5 6.0 5.4 7.6 9.2 10.3

Broccoli production potential

45

Cacao

Cacao

World ranking

th

2012-2017 National production volume The Mexican production of cacao was valued in 1.074 billion MXN; of that monetary flow, Tabasco contributed 64.8%, although Chiapas producers obtained a better price for their harvest.

Trend Tendencia

35

28

Promedio Average

28

23

27

21

28

28

27

28

27

27

26

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

With a production that represents 33% of the world total, Ivory Coast is the agricultural leader in cocoa bean production.

27,287 tonnes

Imports

Exports

Volume

41,333

1,037

Value

88.3

2.8

tonnes

million USD

Mexico is the 11 exporter of chocolate products, which need an essential input to be manufactured: cocoa beans. Slightly more than half of this agricultural good available in the country is acquired from the foreign market. th

Trade balance

Imports

-40,296 100,702 -85.5

38,262

Exports

303 210 Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The national imports of this aromatic seed come from 12 nations, among which Ecuador stands out, from which 27,013 tonnes were acquired in 2017. In 2012, the grain was imported from three countries. 1,285,089* Switzerland

Bélgica Belgium France Francia

Among the largest importers of this product, Malaysia and Spain constitute opportunity markets for its sale; these nations have annual purchases of 312,000 and 124,000 tonnes, respectively.

Tabasco 64.8

Producing states Volume (tonnes)

State National total Tabasco Chiapas Guerrero

2012

2017

27,619 18,340 9,070 210

27,287 17,430 9,612 245

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-1.2 -5.0 6.0 17.0

* USD Guerrero 0.2

Buyer

Chiapas 34.9

114.8

Share in the national production of agroindustrials

2012-2017 Indicators Area Sown

0.6

0.5 kg

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

60

NA

59

27

1,074

0.5

39,370

-0.01 -0.6

NA NA

-0.1 -0.9

1.6 -0.2

2.3 0.3

1.7 0.7

0.7 0.6

Does not apply

Decrease

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

5 to 400 MASL

1,500 to 2,500 mm

22 to 28 °C

Loamy, clay-loamy soils, sandy-loams, pH of 6.0 - 7.0

The total production of cacao comes from the south-southeast of the country, which entails the largest area with potential for this crop; however, in Veracruz and Nayarit there is an ideal environment that could also be used for its cultivation.

88.9

100%

88.3 72.4 56.5

Increase

0.1%

2012

2017

0.1%

National monthly production (%) There are two periods in which the largest cacao harvests are obtained: from October to March and from May to August.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Annual per capita consumption

0.4

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

On November 25, 2016, cacao grown in the Grijalva Region of Tabasco was declared as a protected Designation of Origin product.

46

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes)

1 2 3

13

The cacao pods harvested in Mexico represent a volume equivalent to six out of every thousand tonnes produced in the world.

2017

th

world producer

27,619 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

Rank

2012

11

The Mexican area sown with cacao in 2017 was 60,000 hectares; the rebound of the yields in Chiapas and Guerrero allowed an annual national increase in volume of 1.6%.

Mexico

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

12.2

13.4

7.1

4.0

8.0

7.6

10.8

12.0

0.0

6.1

7.8

11.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

13.2 12.7

0.1 0.01

1.9 1.5

1.1 0.01

0.9 0.2

4.3

0.9

0.5

0.9

2.8

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11.3 5.8 11.8 8.5 9.2 5.4 5.6 5.6 12.7 7.0 9.2 7.9

Exports

0.2 0.1 1.8 8.3 8.1 5.2 8.0 56.8 0.3 0.1 0.5 10.6

Cacao production potential

47

Green coffee

Coffee Cherry

World ranking

The volume of coffee cherry increased slightly in comparison to that obtained during the previous year. The declining trend since 2012 in the production of this seed is largely explained by the effects of coffee rust.

10

th

11

2017

th

world producer

1,336,882 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexican coffee plantations contribute one out of every fifty tonnes of the seed produced in the orb.

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

Brazil allocates around 2 million hectares to the cultivation of coffee; this area generates a third of the grain harvested in the world.

835,380 tonnes

Imports

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes)

Chiapas, Veracruz and Puebla are the states where coffee production generates the most significant volumes of the cherry, and consequently the greatest contribution to the harvest’s value.

Average Promedio

1,192

Tendencia Trend 1,415

1,437

1,332

1,288

1,337

1,258

1,166

1,026

824

835

809

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

tonnes

25,130

110,968

85,838

647

-25.2

Value

57

383

326

550

-68.2

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, the country made sales of green coffee to 42 nations; one more than in 2012. The United States and Belgium stand out as the main destinations of this Mexican product: 58,305 and 19,124 tonnes, respectively. From the 15 largest coffee importing countries, 13 acquire the Mexican grain. The other two, Algeria and Sweden, represent potential markets for its sale.

Bélgica Belgium

202,257,682*

USA

España Spain

Veracruz 25.4

Top 10 in production volume

Trade balance

Volume million USD

The Mexican harvest of coffee cherry during the 2016-2017 coffee year allowed for an increase in exports of green coffee, which reached 110,968 tonnes and a commercial value of 383 million USD during 2017.

Exports

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Chiapas Veracruz Puebla Oaxaca Guerrero Hidalgo Nayarit San Luis Potosi Jalisco Colima Rest

2012

2017

1,336,882 532,583 369,455 202,947 117,440 48,447 32,880 10,785 11,830 5,311 2,044 3,159

835,380 339,361 194,433 128,995 66,089 41,582 33,891 14,054 8,694 4,506 2,929 846

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-37.5 -36.3 -47.4 -36.4 -43.7 -14.2 3.1 30.3 -26.5 -15.2 43.3 -73.2

Puebla 18.1

Buyer

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

722 0.7

0.6 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

NA

-1.0 -0.7

NA NA

639

-1.1 -1.7

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

835

4,906

1.3

5,872

1.4 -9.0

8.4 -10.7 Does not apply

2.5 -7.4

48

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

600 to 1,600 MASL

1,000 to 3,000 mm

17 to 23 °C

More than one meter in depth, from clay to clay-loamy texture, pH of 4.5 - 7.0

1,205

584

7.0 -1.9

Decrease

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production of coffee cherry

Coffee is a very demanding crop in terms of environmental conditions; that is why the largest production is derived from areas that actually have the adequate environment for the development of the plant.

100%

288

Increase

2.4%

2012

2017

1.3%

National monthly production (%) Mexican coffee trees have an inter-annual production cycle, with their harvest period starting in October and extending through May.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of agroindustrials

Area

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

When roasted, green coffee grains increase their size almost twice, changing in color and density.

Annual per capita consumption

0.5

* USD

Chiapas 36.5

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

30.9

24.0

15.3

5.9

2.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.3

6.5

13.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

162

500

394 298

389

383

315

0.2

0.6

2

1.6

8.8

33.4

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

100

97.8

116.9

57

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.3 6.4 11.1 3.0 10.7 4.7 6.0 10.4 5.3 17.0 12.5 5.6

Exports

7.0 5.8 9.2 8.5 11.3 11.4 7.6 9.4 6.8 7.9 7.4 7.7

Coffee cherry production potential

49

Zucchini

Zucchini

World ranking

During the 2012-2017 period, production grew at an average annual rate of 4.7%. In the last year, it reached its historical maximum due to a higher yield.

6

th

(thousand tonnes)

Sonora 45.3

Trend Tendencia

550

Sonora gets almost 500 million MXN for the sale of zucchini; this represents 45.3% of the total value of Mexican production.

502

Promedio Average

451

431

464

445

387

437

399

441

457

502

550

275

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes) 2017

Imports

Volume tonnes

1,634

Value

1.3

million USD

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

513,197 511,563

22.6

33.9

49.6

46.3

169

167.7

This vegetable is among the most exported Mexican agri-food products. In the foreign trade, zucchini and pumpkins are equally important.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

96.1% of the export value of this vegetable corresponds to the expenditures made by the United States for its acquisition. Foreign sales in 2012 were made to five countries, and in 2017, the product was sold to eight.

USA

Japón Japan

Global imports of this vegetable amount to 1.4 million annual tonnes. Among the nations that make the largest acquisitions, the Netherlands is emerging as a prospect for Mexican commerce.

436,947 100,552 47,253 72,199 39,817 18,632 16,323 18,142 21,224 11,912 13,997 76,896

550,410 180,585 62,053 51,022 39,828 32,919 24,597 21,426 18,822 14,420 12,978 91,761

Variation (%) 2012-2017

26.0 79.6 31.3 -29.3 0.03 76.7 50.7 18.1 -11.3 21.0 -7.3 19.3

* USD

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Zucchini is known as “zapallito” in Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay; “calabacin” in Spain and Venezuela, and “zapallo italiano” in Chile.

Share in the national production of vegetables Area

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

1.7

1.6 kg

Buyer

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

29

1

29

550

3,244

19.2

5,894

3.3 1.6

55.8 -8.5

2.4 2.0

9.6 4.7

28.3 9.9

7.0 2.7

17.1 4.9

Decrease

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

100 82.2 81.7

3.5%

2012

2017

3.4%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Moderately available

8.8

13.1

11.4

10.4

7.7

5.4

7.3

6.7

6.2

9.1

6.5

7.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 1,000 MASL

300 to 1,200 mm

6 to 40 °C

Soil of medium to heavy texture, requires medium depth, pH of 4.3 - 8.3

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

128

Increase

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

100%

The national harvest of the vegetable is constant throughout the year.

50

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Puebla 8.6

2012

1.5

550,410 tonnes

161,908,277*

Main producing states National total Sonora Puebla Sinaloa Michoacan Hidalgo Zacatecas Jalisco Morelos Yucatan Estado de Mexico Rest

2012-2017 Foreign trade

The volume from China represents one third of the harvest of this vegetable among the nations with the crop.

Canadá Canada

Top 10 in production volume State

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Sinaloa 6.9

Rank

6

2017

th

world producer

436,947 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

One of every 40 kilograms of this vegetable obtained annually in the world is harvested in the Mexican countryside.

153

177

Zucchini production is distributed in several parts of the country, although there are areas with high production potential that are not being used, as is mainly the case of Tamaulipas and Veracruz.

169

139

115

92.8

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.6

0.9

0.9

1.1

1.2

2.1

1.3

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.3 3.5 3.0 0.1 0.2 1.3 5.2 15.0 41.0 13.1 5.0 2.3

Exports

11.1 11.1 10.6 11.6 11.0 4.1 2.1 1.7 1.7 9.1 13.0 12.9

Zucchini production potential

51

Sugarcane

Sugarcane

World ranking

In the last three years, production has grown slightly as a result of higher yields. The volume of the 2016-2017 harvest was 508,000 tonnes larger than that of 2015-2016.

9

th

70000

(thousand tonnes)

The sugarcane activity takes place in 16 states of the country; among them, Veracruz, which has the largest area, and therefore generates the most significant volume of cane, which in 2017 generated 13.493 billion MXN for its sale.

59,177

Promedio Average

53,761

51,091

48,764

50,422

49,735

50,946

61,182

56,673

55,396

56,447

56,955

35000

2009

2010

20110

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

National total Veracruz Jalisco San Luis Potosi Oaxaca Tamaulipas Chiapas Nayarit Tabasco Morelos Puebla Rest

Imports

Volume

thousand tonnes

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

120,045 1,118,717 998,672

-65.1

12.2

-71.8

-19.2

million USD

Mexican international sugarcane trade is mainly carried out with the United States. In 2017, Mexico acquired 41,000 tonnes from that country and supplied it with 942,000. Between 2012 and 2017, the number of countries of origin of the imported sugar went from 30 to 39, and export destinations from 19 to 24.

77

Exports

665

588

Increase

Decrease

Indonesia and Bangladesh are among the countries that import significant amounts of this sweetener, they appear as possible destinations for this Mexican agroindustrial.

Canadá Canada

579,216,791*

USA

Venezuela

Volume (tonnes) 2012

2017

50,946,483 18,111,886 6,254,590 2,529,479 3,482,394 3,571,398 2,819,452 2,247,621 1,780,551 1,927,703 1,777,497 6,443,913

56,954,993 21,116,194 7,439,307 4,636,468 3,768,444 3,047,552 2,930,695 2,687,865 2,453,374 2,037,144 1,761,494 5,076,456

Veracruz 35.1

Jalisco 13.5

Variation (%) 2012-2017

11.8 16.6 18.9 83.3 8.2 -14.7 3.9 19.6 37.8 5.7 -0.9 -21.2

* USD

Buyer

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Bagasse, which serves as a natural fertilizer due to its high content of simple sugars, minerals and fiber, is obtained from the industrialization of sugarcane.

(Mexican imports)

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 600 MASL

1,400 to 2,000 mm

24 to 37 °C

Very heavy clayey soils in sandy terrains; 50 cm deep, pH of 4.5 - 8.5

Share in the national production of agroindustrials Area

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

1,304

1,212

Sown

Importer and Exporter

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

836

NA

772

56,955

38,412

73.8

674

-1.5 1.5

NA NA

-1.2 1.0

0.9 2.3

23.9 2.6

2.1 1.3

22.8 0.3

Does not apply

Decrease

Sugarcane production and areas with potential match in a high percentage; however, in Guerrero there are favorable regions to produce this crop as well.

100% 907

807 724

823

683

665

508

89.9%

Increase

2012

2017

90.0%

National monthly production (%)

403

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

17.3

20.7

17.1

13.5

10.8

5.7

2.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

3.2

9.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

327

325

283

271 134

92

2008

In its Mexican harvest, sugarcane cutting activities begin in October and continue until July.

52

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Value

Commercial origin-destination

San Luis Potosi 7.7

Main producing states State

Brazil, main producer of the sweetener, generates one fifth of the world total.

5,918,729 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

The price level at which the sweetener is offered in the international market has a direct impact on the quantities that Mexico sells abroad. In 2017, the country imported 120,000 tonnes and exported 1.119 million.

Top 10 in production volume Rank

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Tendencia Trend

2008

The volume obtained in the Mexican sugar mills allows the country to stand out among the 10 leading sugarcane producing nations.

2017

th

world producer

5,048,469 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

87

84

53

77

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5.6 5.5 6.5 4.5 4.1 4.5 7.4 13.1 6.9 28.3 8.1 5.5

Exports

12.0 10.7 6.9 18.3 17.4 4.9 6.0 4.0 13.1 0.8 1.7 4.2

Sugarcane production potential

53

MEXICO RECEIVING STATION

UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS:

Permanent monitoring of the Mexican territory

precision farming

The SIAP, through Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), performs visual and digital analysis with a high precision level (less than 0.3 cm) of the agricultural coverage in Mexico.

Joint project with SAGARPA, through the SIAP, and the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA).

Visual interpretation It allows the monitoring of agricultural areas

With a reception radius of 2,500 km it covers the entire national territory including islands, as well as the southern United States, part of the Caribbean and even northern Colombia.

Flights are made when the crop is in the flowering or fruiting stage

What and how much is being sowed

Estimation of yields of the main crop, March 2, 2017. Cajeme, Sonora

As in the agri-food diversity, there are also different sizes of parcels on which the agricultural activity is carried out. Based on the flights made, the plots of the northern area of Mexico have an average surface of 2.4 hectares, while in the central area it is 1.1 hectares. Based on the NDVI and the yield reported in the Agricultural Web of the SIAP, the yield of maize grain and wheat grain in the phenological stage of flowering or fruiting is estimated at the plot level.

How much yeild is estimated?

Identification of agricultural coverage, June 22, 2016, Almoloya de Juarez, Mexico

Yield estimation

It is the only 100% working ground station for direct reception in the country. There are 26 similar ones in the world.

A mosaic of the entire national territory is created. Currently, there are 14 of them, of which, the six most recent are in Web Map Service (WMS).

It is where the satellite images of the SPOT constellation that are acquired from the national territory are managed.

They also take 2 or 3 shots in a row during the same course, from the same site, which are used for the generation of digital models of the terrain (MDT).

Each year, 70 thousand akes are processed on average.

This input is used for the estimation of the agricultural surface, agricultural frontier, the evaluation of the PROAGRO, registers, agricultural surveys, impacts by meteorites in the infrastructure,civil protection and national security, among many others.

This material has a spacial resolution of up to 1.5 m and 4 spectral bands (blue, green, red and near infrared). Images acquired by the SPOT 6 and 7 satellites are received.

SPOT 6

SPOT 7 Average NDVI

NDVI of wheat grain

NDVI of maize grain

Fall-Winter

Average yield (ton/ha)

Spring-Summer

Vigor of the agricultural coverage, March 7, 2017. Valle de Santiago, Guanajuato

Yield (ton/ha)

The SIAP makes available the analyzes carried out in different agricultural areas of the country: http://cmgs.gob.mx:82/uav Source: SIAP.

54

What vigor does the crop have?

Source: SIAP-ERMEX.

55

Safflower

Safflower

World ranking

1

st

Sonora contributed 45.2% of the more than 70,000 tonnes that were harvested in the 2017 agricultural year.

(thousand tonnes)

Sonora 53.1

300

world producer

70,387 tonnes

The safflower sale of the 2017 harvest generated an income of 394 million MXN; half of that economic flow corresponds to Sonoran farmers.

125

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

Of the 948,000 tonnes of safflower that all the producing countries harvest every year, Russia contributes 30.2%.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

150

3

2017

rd

world producer

257,451 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexican farmers contribute one out of every ten tonnes of safflower seed generated globally.

Mexico has a production level of this oilseed that successfully meets domestic demand. This said,  national foreign trade is not significant.

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

20

3

-17

-99.9

-99.8

Value

34

1

-33

-99.4

-99.8

thousand USD

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

The small volume of international trade of this seed was carried out with the United States, to which occasional purchases are made.

Promedio Average 96

77

97

131

257

92

144

126

122

70

121

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1,460*

USA

Turkey and China are the largest importers of this oilseed; in 2017, they acquired 92,000 and 38,000 tonnes, respectively.

Sinaloa 15.1

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

National total Sonora Jalisco Sinaloa Tamaulipas Michoacan Baja California Baja California Sur Coahuila Durango San Luis Potosi Rest

257,451 131,142 3,059 111,401 1,199 6,343 340 3,179 110 0 140 538

2017

70,387 31,839 13,981 11,500 6,406 3,851 1,774 593 427 16 0 0

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-72.7 -75.7 357 -89.7 434 -39.3 422 -81.3 288 NA -100 -100

* USD

Jalisco 14.3

Buyer

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD) The composition of the oleaginous achene that grows in safflower plants is: 60% seed and the remaining 40% husk.

17,481

Share in the national production of oilseeds

2012-2017 Indicators Area Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

47

2

-30.3 -23.6

58.5 -23.5

45

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

70

394

1.6

5,601

-15.5 1.0

-8.2 -1.5

-31.6 -42.2 -46.9 -23.6 -22.8 -24.0

Decrease

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

10 to 2,000 MASL

300 to 500 mm

15 to 20 °C

Medium-texture deep soils, pH of 6.0 - 8.0

Most of the production of this oilseed comes from areas of high production potential, although there are areas in Coahuila, Chihuahua and Nuevo Leon with the same conditions that are not currently used.

11,911

100%

6,187 3,518 1,831

Increase

38.6%

2012

2017

10.5%

533 0

2008

2009

2010

215 155

917

216 0

3 0

93 3

34 3

34 1

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

National monthly production (%) The harvest period of this grain takes place between April and September, but the largest harvest is obtained in July.

56

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

0.1

0.0

0.0

8.7

23.8

24.3

40.0

1.9

1.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0

Exports

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Safflower production potential

57

Barley grain

Barley grain

World ranking

The volume of barley in 2017 exceeded the harvest of the previous year by 3%, derived from the use of a greater sowing area (27,000 hectares) for the crop.

26

th

(thousand tonnes)

The national harvest of barley grain in 2017 recorded an amount of 4.251 billion MXN for its sale, of which 1.567 correspond to the sale of the volume generated in the leading state: Guanajuato.

972

Promedio Average

781

519

672

487

1,032

594

846

735

978

1,008

765

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

456

2

-455

-99.4

-99

Value

287

3

-284

-98.9

-94.8 Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

In 2012, the country exported barley grain to three nations and imported it from four. Six years later, the number for each commercial operation is two and five, respectively. The foreign trade of this agricultural good with the United States is the most significant due to the volume involved. China is the country that acquires the most barley from abroad. In 2017, their imported volume reached 8.863 million tonnes. Venezuela

Tlaxcala 8.9

Volume (tonnes) 2012

2017

1,031,533 435,092 237,773 163,679 76,970 60,639 3,707 32,294 2,174 9,444 5,488 4,274

1,008,158 369,177 240,283 87,352 84,615 50,836 49,224 40,344 35,025 25,522 12,680 13,101

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-2.3 -15.1 1.1 -46.6 9.9 -16.2 1,228 24.9 1,511 170 131 207

* USD

Buyer

Pearled barley is obtained by removing the hull and bran; these processes are carried out to facilitate its digestion and give it a pleasant appearance.

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

361

7

355

1,008

4,251

2.8

4,216

8.1 1.5

48.4 -2.4

7.6 1.6

3.0 -0.5

3.4 1.5

-4.2 -2.0

0.4 2.0

Decrease

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Sown

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Share in the national production of agroindustrials Area

2012

2017

1.6%

The highest volumes of this cereal are harvested in the April-May and October-December period.

Mostly available

Least or not available

3.1

0.5

0.1

11.5

19.4

3.7

0.2

0.1

1.1

14.4

35.0

10.9

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

400 to 600 mm

3 to 30 °C

Shallow, stony and well-drained soils, pH of 6.0 - 8.5

The western, central and north-central regions of Mexico have the best conditions for the development of the crop, which agrees with the states that provide the greatest production.

28,072

26,092

20,172

21,722

14,305

1.8%

Altitude 1,800 to 3,000 MASL

48,647

30,143

Increase

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

64,307

100%

National monthly production (%)

58

Imports

thousand USD

USA

Main producing states

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Mexico is the main exporter of beer; agroindustrial that entails the transformation of barley grain. The current level of national production of this cereal is enough to cover domestic demand.

Hidalgo 22.5

Top 10 in production volume

National total Guanajuato Hidalgo Tlaxcala Puebla Estado de Mexico Zacatecas Queretaro Durango Michoacan Jalisco Rest

1,008,158 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Russia is the main producer of barley grain; it contributes 12.7% of the 141 million tonnes harvested in the world.

3,399*

Guanajuato 36.9

State

world producer

2012 - 2017 Foreign trade Tendencia Trend

Rank

27

2017

th

world producer

1,031,533 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexico has a higher yield per hectare in this cereal crop than the leading producing country.

15,118 0.0003

31

41

3

65

0

376

0.01

1

287 3

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.9 0.1 1.1 0.5 23.0 12.1 1.3 0.2 30.1 0.1 19.6 4.0

Exports

0.0 0.0 0.0 34.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 33.3 0.2 17.9 13.6 0.0

Barley grain production potential

59

Onion

Onion

World ranking

Onion production registered an average annual increase of 5.5% in the 2012-2017 period, as a result of a greater planted area and better harvest yields.

13

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

Baja California 22.8

Tendencia Trend

Chihuahua 12.8

1,631

1600

In the country, Baja California leads the cultivation of onion by the value generated from its sale: in 2017, it registered 1.85 billion MXN.

Promedio Average

1,376

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

world producer

Variation (%) 2012-2017 Imports

Exports

Volume

96,909

Value

54.5

tonnes

million USD

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

423,168 326,259

172

20.6

194

49.8

233

178.5

Another Mexican vegetable with significant presence in international markets is onion. National agricultural productivity makes it possible to harvest enough volume to export.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The favorable behavior of Mexican exports of this vegetable is reflected in the number of destinations for its sale: 20 countries in 2017, versus 16 in 2012. The US market acquired 94.4% of the national exportable crop supply. The United States and Malaysia are the largest fresh onion importers; in 2017, they acquired 550,000 and 582,000 tonnes, respectively. Germany leads foreign purchases of the processed vegetable.

225,863,310*

USA

Guanajuato 14.2

2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

1,620

1,635

1,519

1,368

1,270

1,239

1,399

1,266

1,196

1,246

800

1,620,318 tonnes

The volume generated by farmers in China allows this country to stand out as the main producer of this vegetable in the world.

10

th

world producer

1,238,602 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

In the world, one out of every 50 tonnes of this spicy bulb is obtained from Mexican fields.

Guatemala El Salvador

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Chihuahua Guanajuato Zacatecas Tamaulipas Michoacan Baja California Puebla San Luis Potosi Morelos Sonora Rest

2012

2017

1,238,602 206,044 96,192 162,204 103,640 155,108 166,894 59,916 71,886 70,945 37,060 108,712

1,620,318 315,234 201,271 182,803 171,936 132,980 121,264 101,060 75,148 71,854 64,172 182,596

Variation (%) 2012-2017

30.8 53.0 109 12.7 65.9 -14.3 -27.3 68.7 4.5 1.3 73.2 68.0

* USD

Buyer

In the Central Markets of Supplies, red onion is, on average, three MXN more expensive than white, and four MXN more costly than Spring onion.

Sown

Share in the national production of vegetables Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

10.5 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

52

0.4

52

1,620

8,119

31.4

5,010

-0.8 3.3

-56.1 -24.7

0.3 3.9

-0.9 5.5

3.1 14.0

-1.2 1.5

4.1 8.0

Decrease

199

100%

10.0%

Increase

2012

2017

10.0%

National monthly production (%) The harvest of this vegetable throughout the year allows a steady domestic supply month to month.

60

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Area

10.6

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

231

Annual per capita consumption

10.4

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

7.7

7.7

9.1

9.1

10.2

9.1

7.8

11.0

9.0

7.7

7.1

4.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

203

233

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 2,800 MASL

350 to 600 mm

15 to 22 °C

Soils of light to medium texture; depth from 35 to 50 cm, pH of 6.0 - 7.5

210

Due to its adaptability, it is possible to produce onion in many regions of the country, which matches the areas of high production potential.

155

36.8 25.3

38.7 11.8

2008

2009

50.0

64.5

54.5

48.6

17.6

14.2

18.5

38

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

37

32.5

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5.6 3.5 2.1 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 12.0 20.5 28.5 16.1 8.3 5.7 10.8 16.0 10.9 14.4 11.1 9.5

4.7 3.1 4.4 4.3

5.1

Onion production potential

61

Green chili

Green Chili

World ranking

During the 2012-2017 period, production increased at an average annual rate of 6.7%; in the last year, it reached its historical maximum due to a larger sown and harvested area.

2

nd

2

(thousand tonnes)

2017

nd

world producer

2,379,736 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

There are 123 countries that produce some variety of chili; Mexico contributes two out of every eight tonnes to the world supply of this agricultural good.

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017 Imports

In the cultivation of fruits of the Capsicum genus, China is the main international producer.

3,296,875 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade There are sowing areas of this spicy product throughout the whole country, but the farmers from Chihuahua stand out for the harvested volume and the economic value for its sale: 821,000 tonnes and 6.246 billion MXN in 2017.

Chihuahua 21.4

Tendencia Trend

3,335

2600

Average Promedio

2,527

Volume tonnes

2,419

Value

1.7

million USD

Mexico has a favorable international trade balance in this vegetable. The value generated by the foreign sale of the vegetable makes it the second largest exporting country, although it is the world leader by volume.

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

1,057,638 1,055,220

41.4

189

7.4

166

719

717.3

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The US is the main market for the national spicy fruit, to which 1.053 million tonnes were exported in 2017. Additionally, the vegetable was sold in 13 countries, although in 2012 it registered 19 destinations. Canadá Canada

1300

711,741,909*

USA

2,052

1,982

2,336

2,132

2,380

2,294

2,733

2,782

3,280

3,297

Sinaloa 18.4

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Singapore Singapur

Zacatecas 16.2

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Chihuahua Sinaloa Zacatecas San Luis Potosi Sonora Jalisco Michoacan Guanajuato Baja California Sur Durango Rest

2012

2017

2,379,736 562,167 556,463 348,834 174,882 83,446 79,429 83,821 59,393 56,200 26,662 348,440

3,296,875 820,626 771,191 417,218 246,333 187,470 149,764 147,363 104,776 59,633 58,872 333,629

Variation (%)

* USD

2012-2017

38.5 46.0 38.6 19.6 40.9 125 88.6 75.8 76.4 6.1 121 -4.3

Buyer

2012-2017 Indicators

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

18.2

18.1 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

1

160

3,297

29,125

20.5

8,834

-6.9 3.1

-71.9 -16.3

-5.7 3.3

0.5 6.7

20.6 17.0

6.6 3.3

20.0 9.6

Decrease

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

600 to 1,500 mm

18 to 30 °C

Soils of light to medium texture, depth from 35 to 50 cm, pH of 4.3 - 8.3

560

100%

19.2%

2012

2017

20.4%

National monthly production (%)

62

517

Altitude 0 to 2,700 MASL

226

An opportunity for the production of green chili is present in the central region of the country, where favorable geographical conditions exist.

270

133

Increase

Mostly available

719

627

210

161

There is availability of this vegetable during the course of the year; however, half of the annual volume is harvested in the last four months.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 683

Share in the national production of vegetables Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

The type of chili with the highest production in the country is jalapeño, followed by bell pepper and poblano.

Sown

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

18.0

In the international market, the amount of this vegetable sold fresh exceeds 3.2 million tonnes per year, the largest importer being the United States. The traded volume in its dry form reaches 400,000 tonnes and Thailand is the main importer.

Moderately available

Least or not available

9.8

9.0

5.3

4.7

4.0

3.0

8.3

7.6

12.0

13.4

11.2

11.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

82.2

46.5

2.1

0.7

1.3

1.3

1.6

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

55.2

2014

86.2

2015

2.7

1.7

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.8 3.1 2.5 1.2 6.8 9.8 7.1 19.1 19.3 9.7 12.7 4.9

Exports

13.5 11.2 11.3 9.3 8.0 4.4 4.0 4.8 5.2 8.0 8.8 11.5

Green chili production potential

63

GREEN OR DRY CHILI: for every taste

Chili drying process

ChilI belongs to the genus Capsicum, a name that comes from the Greek Kapsakes, which means capsule, which includes 26 wild and 5 domesticated species; of the latter, four are present in Mexico. 64 different types of chili are reported in the country, which are consumed fresh, dehydrated, cooked or industrialized; this great diversity is reflected in the culinary wealth of the country.

Green chili

15.5% of the national production of chili comes from protected agriculture and 84.5% is cultivated in the open.

Green Poblano

From green to red Green to dark brown

Drying

Greenhouse 6.3%

Drying systems and time In dehydrating machine, 30 hours At a temperature of 70oC

The economic spill generated by dry chili in 2017 reached 6.559 billion MXN, with a production volume of 120 thousand tonnes.

Chilaca or chilacate

In sunlight 20 to 30 days Depends on the intensity of the sun

De arbol

Dehydrated Chili Fresh / Dry

Pasilla or black chili

De arbol

Dry chili

64

Manzano Cascabel

Dry chili

Chipotle

Morita

Types of chili by main producing state

During the months of January, February, March and December the highest production of dried chili is obtained.

Commercialization

Smoking

Commercialization

Number of plots destined to the cultivation of:

Sources: SIAP.

Guajillo

Mirasol

Jalapeno or cuaresmeno Small jalapeno

Temporality

Green Chili 32,421

Piquin Piquin

Serrano

Habanero Habanero

Unprotected 84.5%

Ancho

Anaheim Colorado

It changes color Chili is marketed both green and dry; of its value,23% is obtained from dehydrated chilis, hence the importance of the drying process.

Net house 9.2%

In Mexico, there are more than 11,700 dry chili producers. The number of women participating in this work corresponds approximately to 15% of the total.

It's cut

Total 47,353

Dry Chili 14,932

There are 14,932 farms in the country destined for the production of dried chili, the main states where they are found are San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas and Oaxaca.

Dry chili Ancho De arbol Cascabel Costeno Guajillo Pasilla Puya

Sinaloa Durango

Puebla Tabasco

Nayarit Zacatecas Guerrero Oaxaca

Chiapas

Chili is a primary component of the "moles", marinades and sauces that characterize Mexican cuisine, which not only provide the flavor, texture and color that identifies them, but also important nutrients such as: vitamins A and C, carotenoids, fibers and minerals.

65

Cauliflower

Cauliflower

World ranking

The volume of 2017 exceeds in 46% that of the previous year. A greater sown area and increases in the yields of this vegetable's harvests explain the favorable behavior of the production.

6

2012-2017 National production volume

(thousand tonnes) 100

The cultivation of this vegetable extends through agricultural areas of 19 states; among them Guanajuato stands out, because it obtains the greatest harvest and income for its commercialization.

Tendencia Trend

83

Average Promedio

74

50

110,503 tonnes

China harvests in its fields 40.3% of the volume of cauliflower available for global consumption.

5

th

world producer

62,857 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

Mexico has higher yields than the international average in this crop, which allows it to contribute 2 out of every 100 kilograms to the world total.

world producer

63

65

58

69

76

111

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

National total Guanajuato Puebla Hidalgo Michoacan Aguascalientes Zacatecas San Luis Potosi Baja California Queretaro Jalisco Rest

2017

62,857 7,607 13,694 13,399 9,995 6,067 450 1,979 1,725 3,323 1,285 3,334

110,503 31,487 20,779 19,592 9,222 8,114 6,146 3,626 3,510 3,502 1,654 2,872

Volume tonnes

7,032

38,339

31,307

110

73.5

Value

4.1

40.9

36.8

157

96.2 Increase

Japón Japan

Germany, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands are potential markets for the sale of this Mexican vegetable; annual purchases of each exceed 20,000 tonnes.

2012-2017

75.8 314 51.7 46.2 -7.7 33.8 1,266 83.3 103 5.4 28.7 -13.9

* USD

Buyer

It is possible to cut a piece of cauliflower for consumption at 65 days when it is transplanted, and at 90 days when sown from seed.

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

0.7

0.6 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

40.9

Share in the national production of vegetables Area

0

4

11.4 -100.0 13.3 5.7 -100.0 6.3

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

111

479

25.6

4,334

45.8 11.9

54.9 14.2

28.7 5.3

6.2 2.0

Decrease

23.7

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

900 to 2,500 MASL

400 to 550 mm

15 to 21 °C

Loamy or loamy-silty, drained soils; pH of 6.0 - 6.8

29

Derived from the demands of the crop for its production, the cauliflower presents few areas with high production potential; however, with the use of technologies, a good production is obtained throughout the country.

25.5 23.4

17.9

0.5%

Increase

Mostly available

26.3

26.2

100%

2012

2017

0.7%

National monthly production (%) The most significant harvests of cauliflower are observed between March and April.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

4

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Sown

66

Exports

Variation (%)

Annual per capita consumption

0.5

Imports

Puebla 14.6

Main producing states Rank

Trade balance

In 2017, cauliflower was exported to seven nations; three less than in 2012. However, Mexico has the largest share (79.7%) of the volume acquired by the second largest buyer of this vegetable in the world: the United States.

Hidalgo 15.5

Top 10 in production volume

Exports

Commercial origin-destination

USA

Guanajuato 34.5

Imports

million USD

Mexican horticulture has the capacity to generate enough cauliflower to sell it abroad. The exported volume of the vegetable during 2017 exceeded 1.7 times that of 2012.

38,609,285*

71

82

79

67

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Canadá Canada

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Moderately available

Least or not available

4.8

8.3

8.6

10.1

10.1

5.9

8.2

8.8

10.7

11.1

9.1

4.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

3.2

2008

21.2

20.8

4.1 1.4

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.2

1.1

1

1.5

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.5 7.0 11.3 15.7 6.3 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 2.7 17.0 13.9 52.2 18.3 25.4 19.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exports

8.7 7.5 11.8 10.0 10.2 10.9 8.5 10.2 7.3 5.3 6.0 6.1 8.2 8.6 11.8 9.7 8.3 4.6 6.0 6.6 8.5 6.9 8.9 9.4

Cauliflower production potential

67

Copra

Copra

World ranking

th

(thousand tonnes)

Guerrero has suitable characteristics for the cultivation of copra, which plays an important part in it being the top producer. In 2017, the sale of the fruit reached 1.716 billion MXN.

Tendencia Trend

217

Promedio Average

214

2013

208

2014

233

2012

203

203

207

2011 0

223

2010

216

209

228

211

150

2009

world producer

232,729 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

Of the 50 million tonnes of copra obtained in the world, Indonesia gets almost a third.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

300

2008

8

On an international level, Mexico contributes 2% to the total production of the tropical crop.

2017

th

world producer

206,992 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

2012

8

In the 2012-2017 period, the production increased at an average annual rate of 2.4%, registering during 2017 the maximum production in the last 10 years.

Mexico

2016

2017

2015

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

890

4,626

3,736

1,536

32.9

Value

2.4

4.4

2

1,250

33.2

million USD

The continuity of greater national harvests of this perennial crop allowed a rebound of 4.8% in its exported volume during 2017.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The US market, to which 91.4% of the national exportable supply is directed, is listed as the main destination of Mexican copra. This agricultural good is currently sold to nine countries; in 2012, its sale was limited to five.

3,473,749*

The global imported volume of copra is around 152,000 tonnes per year; a market where the Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Malaysia top the list of international buyers.

USA

República Dominicana Dominican Republic Guatemala

Tabasco 5.0

Producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Guerrero Colima Tabasco Oaxaca Michoacan Jalisco Veracruz Chiapas Campeche

2012

2017

206,992 161,699 21,534 8,735 9,523 2,457 1,282 846 914 0

232,729 187,964 18,872 10,750 8,773 2,873 1,318 1,020 805 355

Colima 6.6

Variation (%) 2012-2017

12.4 16.2 -12.4 23.1 -7.9 16.9 2.8 20.6 -11.9 NA

* USD Guerrero 83.2

Buyer

The coconut tree can not develop in the shade; it needs direct sunlight for at least 2,000 hours a year or a minimum of 120 a month.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 4 3.8

Share in the national production of agroindustrials

2012-2017 Indicators Area Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

128

NA

125

233

2,061

1.9

8,856

0.3 -0.2

NA NA

0.4 -0.5

4.4 2.4

17.4 11.8

3.9 2.9

12.5 9.2

Does not apply

Decrease

3.5

3.3

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 250 MASL

1,200 to 2,400 mm

24 to 27 °C

Soils with silty texture or fine sand with good internal drainage, pH of 5.0 - 8.0

3.1

1

0.4%

Increase

2012

2017

0.4%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

12.7

8.4

7.8

16.3

8.9

12.0

5.1

4.8

6.4

4.3

6.0

7.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2.4

1.3

1 0.8

0.7

1.3 0.6

2010

0.6 0.6

0.2

0.4

2009

The production potential of copra occurs mainly in the southern region of the country, where five producing states stand out according to the obtained production volume.

2.7

2.5

2008

66.1% of this fruit is harvested between January and June.

4.4

100%

National monthly production (%)

68

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.7 14.2 3.0 7.3 5.6 17.1 11.5 11.6 8.5 10.6 5.1 1.8 8.2 10.4 10.2 7.1 11.0 7.1 8.6

8.3 6.6 9.0 6.1

7.4

Copra production potential

69

VULNERABILITY IN AGRICULTURAL AREAS:

AGRO-CLIMATIC RISKS:

water availability in dams

phenomena that affect production

With the information on advances in plantings and harvests, drought index and availability of water in dams for irrigation, it is possible to identify the zones that are currently planted and that can be affected by the decrease and supply of water in dams.

% water storage in dams for irrigation 0.0% - 20.0% 20.1% - 50.0% 50.1% - 100.0%

The increase in the frequency, intensity and magnitude of hydro-meteorological phenomena has become a danger for the development of agricultural activities in Mexico.

Vulnerability in agricultural area Very high High Medium

Low Very low

The phenomenon with greater frequency during 2017 was low temperatures, with 1,200 records. The states of Veracruz and Chiapas are the most affected by floods.

Flood Risk of the Agricultural Frontier, Series III

Municipalities with greater planted area High Medium Low

No records Very low Low

Limit State limit

2017 Monitoring of phenomena Volcanic activity Mudslide Volcanic eruption Hail Frost

Source: SIAP with data from CONAGUA.

70

Forest fire

Drought

Explosion of pyrotechnics

Tornado

Municipalities affected by hydro-meteorological phenomena (2005 – 2017)

948,120

Benito Juarez, Oaxaca dam

Lost Area

Fresnillo, Zac.

2010

2011

San Felipe, Gto.

Symbology

1,344,056

884,892

2012

2013

Fresnillo, Zac.

920,837

2014

2015

Villa de Cos, Zac.

608,999

343,580

Sinaloa, Sin.

Villa de Ramos, S.L.P.

Villa de Ramos, S.L.P

2016

2017

939

Villa de Ramos, S.L.P

776 546

286,214

571 395

Drought

May 5 2017 14.7% storage

In 2017, 761 municipalities were affected by hydro-meteorological phenomena; of which 187 suffered due to drought, 112 due to floods and 76 due to frost.

2,000

3,469,472 Most affected municipality

Average storage 119 dams registered volumes above 50% of their capacity. 15 dams between 20 and 50%. Two dams with levels below 20% of their capacity.

Very low Low Medium High Very high

Plague

Snow

February 2 2018 90.2% storage

Agricultural areas with very high and high vulnerability were located in 46 municipalities in five states. Of the 16 municipalities in Sonora, Guaymas had the highest incidence.

Sorghum grain, fodder sorghum, maize grain, tomatillo and fodder oats were the most exposed crops in areas of very high vulnerability.

Torrential rain

In 2017, 343,580 hectares of sowed area were affected; of which 207,289 hectares suffered due to drought, being the municipality of Villa de Ramos, San Luis Potosi, the most affected.

24,551 sown hectares were considered very vulnerable and 149,170 hectares with high vulnerability.

Crops

Degree of drought risk

Hydrocarbon fire

Flood

Most affected municipalities (ha) per incident

Area

Municipalities

Of the 24.6 million hectares of agricultural frontier, 3.6% have a very high degree of drought risk.

Medium High Very high

Frost

Torrential rain

Cyclone

Flooding

Hail

39

5

Tornado

Snow

Hydro-meteorological phenomena that occur most frequently and intensely in Mexico are droughts, frosts and cyclones. Given this, the SIAP monitors with satellite images of low, high and very high resolution the 24.6 million km2 agricultural area. Source: SIAP with data from CENAPRED, NOAA and CONAGUA.

71

Peach

Peach

World ranking

The Mexican volume of peach in 2017 was 7.4% lower than the previous year; consequence of a smaller sown area in 14 producing states.

17

th

17

(thousand tonnes)

2017

th

world producer

162,866 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

From the global total volume of this velvety fruit, 0.7% is obtained from Mexican peach trees.

world producer

163,796 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

China generates half of the world peach production, which allows it to stand out as the leading producer.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Chihuahua 15.3

300

Of the production value of this fruit's harvest in 2017, 17.9% corresponds to the volume sold by Michoacan.

Average Promedio

180

150

Trend Tendencia

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

17,535

1,443

-16,092

-31.7

51.3

Value

27

2.5

-24.5

-33.6

398

million USD

In Mexico, the popularity of different varieties of this fruit and the national supply level during the year explain the volume that is purchased from other producing nations. In 2017, the country acquired 17,535 tonnes.

Decrease

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, peach was imported from eight nations, mainly from the United States and Chile, with 12,896 and 2,767 tonnes respectively. During the 2012-2017 period, the number of countries that sold this fruit to Mexico, went from three to eight.

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Each year, the world imports of this fruit reach 2.1 million tonnes and an value of more than 2.422 billion USD; in those flows, Germany is the main importer.

2,045,687*

164

177

176

173

161

163

167

191

198

227

159

USA

2017

China

Grecia Greece

Estado de Mexico 15.2

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Michoacan Estado de Mexico Chihuahua Puebla Zacatecas Chiapas Morelos Guerrero Aguascalientes Tlaxcala Rest

2012

2017

162,866 31,172 25,597 230 12,299 20,511 8,896 20,277 8,441 7,935 5,039 22,469

163,796 30,091 29,745 24,036 20,798 11,676 10,341 7,504 6,525 4,239 3,986 14,855

Variation (%)

Michoacan 17.9

2012-2017

0.6 -3.5 16.2 10,350 69.1 -43.1 16.2 -63.0 -22.7 -46.6 -20.9 -33.9

* USD

Buyer

A peach tree can produce up to 1,400 fruits, which can weight between 31 and 304 grams each; their pit weights 9 grams at most.

Sown

Share in the national production of fruits Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

1.6

1.5 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

31

NA

26

164

1,341

6.4

8,186

-2.6 -6.3

NA NA

-11.3 -5.1

-7.4 0.1

-3.9 2.4

4.4 5.5

3.8 2.3

Does not apply

Decrease

100%

72

34.3

45.1

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

1,600 to 2,700 MASL

900 to 1,500 mm

24 to 25 °C

Loamy, sandy-loamy, clay-loamy soils, pH of 4.5 - 7.5

40.7

32.6 29 28.5

26.6

Michoacan is the largest producer of peach in Mexico and is also the state that presents the largest area with ideal conditions.

27

23.0

0.9%

Increase

2012

2017

0.7%

National monthly production (%) The Mexican harvest of the fruit allows for a larger supply between May and September.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

44.2

Annual per capita consumption

1.4

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

0.3

1.6

14.5

4.4

10.3

10.7

15.7

19.2

10.7

7.9

3.5

1.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

1.6

0.8

1

0.1

0.5

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.9

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2.5 2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.4 4.6 3.6 2.2 1.3 3.2 6.5 13.4 24.7 27.8 1.7 3.6

Exports

0.4 2.3 7.9 53.4 27.7 3.8 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 1.7 1.0

Peach production potential

73

Asparagus

Asparagus

World ranking

3

2012

rd

The harvested volume of this stem in 2017 represents the largest of the last 10 years. In the 2012-2017 period, its production increased at an average annual rate of 15.4%. Baja California 14.2

(thousand tonnes)

world producer

245,681 tonnes

Mexican agriculture has the third largest area dedicated to the cultivation of asparagus.

Sonora is the main farmer of this vegetable; its sown area reached 15,000 hectares, with a yield of 10 tonnes per hectare. The 2017 harvest generated 5.78 billion MXN.

Tendencia Trend

258

150

54

64

75

85

120

126

170

198

217

246

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

664

161,033

160,369

61.9

53

Value

2.7

280

277.3

92.7

84.5

million USD

This agricultural good has export vocation; the economic value for its foreign sale places it in the 20 place of the Mexican agri-food products that generate more foreign currency.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

Between 2012 and 2017, the number of countries that bought asparagus from Mexico changed from 9 to 13. The US market buys the largest amount of this Mexican vegetable: 160,830 tonnes in 2017.

135

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

th

In the world, the United States is the largest importer of this vegetable; in 2017, it acquired 228,000 tonnes. The second best prospects for Mexico are Germany and Canada, which make external purchases of over 20,000 tonnes each.

Average Promedio

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

In 1.4 million hectares, farmers from China harvest 88% of the world production of this vegetable stem.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Sonora 57.7

300

3

2017

rd

world producer

119,789 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

Canadá Canada 278,708,612*

USA

Baja California Sur 13.1

Top 10 in production volume

Australia

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sonora Guanajuato Baja California Baja California Sur Queretaro Michoacan Durango Sinaloa Zacatecas Jalisco Rest

2012

2017

119,789 81,004 17,169 11,226 7,528 2,861 0 0 0 0 0 0

245,681 146,743 33,219 31,297 24,132 6,231 1,753 660 365 270 262 750

Variation (%) 2012-2017

105 81.2 93.5 179 221 118 NA NA NA NA NA NA

* USD

Buyer

280

Share in the national production of vegetables

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

0.7 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

28

NA

26

246

10,018

9.4

40,778

8.5 10.0

NA NA

5.4 10.0

13.3 15.4

25.7 22.3

7.4 5.0

11.0 6.0

Does not apply

In the Mexican harvest cycle, there is a greater production of asparagus between December and April.

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

400 to 1,200 MASL

400 to 800 mm

18 to 25 °C

Deep sandy-loamy soils with 120 mm of rainfall, pH of 7.5 - 8.0

195

100%

116

Asparagus is produced in areas that do not have the best conditions for its development. There are regions in the northeast of the country with adequate characteristics that could be exploited.

172

152 144

118

87.2

1.0%

Increase

2012

2017

1.5%

National monthly production (%)

74

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 227

Area

0.8

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

White asparagus is one of the varieties grown in the world. Since it grows underground, the lack of sunlight causes the absence of its otherwise characteristic green color.

Annual per capita consumption

0.6

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

11.4

20.6

19.6

12.0

1.9

1.7

5.6

4.6

3.4

2.6

4.2

12.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

29.2 1.1

1.1

1.5

1.8

1.4

2.3

2.3

1.9

2.9

2.7

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9.5 1.3 0.1 0.5 0.3 1.5 0.4 0.3 19.3 20.2 13.6 33.0

Exports

3.4 17.9 28.9 10.5 3.9 6.2 7.8 5.8 2.7 4.8 5.2 2.9

Asparagus production potential

75

Raspberry

Raspberry

World ranking

7 Baja California 32.7

2012 - 2017 National production volume

world producer

Even though Michoacan is the state with the second largest production, Baja California receives higher revenues from its sales; in 2017, it contributed 1.469 billion to the total national value.

Tendencia Trend

110

14

14

21

17

30

36

65

113

120

15

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

224

72,262

72,039

-25.9

159

Value

2.2

684

681.8

36.8

172

million USD

Decrease

Increase

Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and France are among the countries that import the largest volume of raspberry in the world; countries with which Mexico could increase its commercial flows.

Russia Rusia Bélgica Belgium

USA

2010

Exports

The nations to which this Mexican fruit is sold doubled, going from 15 to 31 in the 2012-2017 period. The United States acquires 70,250 tonnes of raspberry from the country.

669,177,583*

2009

Imports

Commercial origin-destination

45

2008

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Among the berries that the country allocates to the international market, the raspberry is the second by value for its foreign sale; this amount represents one third of the total earned for the exports of berries.

Promedio Average 150

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes) 300

120,184 tonnes

Optimal conditions for the production of raspberry allow Russia to generate one in five tonnes of this fruit in the world.

4

th

world producer

17,009 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

Its production shows great dynamism, increasing at an average annual rate of 47.9% from 2012 to 2017. This growth is mainly due to the larger sown area of this berry.

Mexican fruit farming obtains the highest yields of this berry in the world, for which the country stands out among the main producing nations.

Top in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

National total Jalisco Michoacan Baja California Puebla Estado de Mexico Colima Mexico City Rest

2017

17,009 12,634 2,338 1,800 0 154 0 11 72

120,184 86,060 21,620 12,049 233 199 14 9 0

Jalisco 36.6

Variation (%) 2012-2017

* USD

Michoacan 30.4

607 581 825 569 NA 29.4 NA -15.0 -100

Buyer

Sown

Share in the national production of fruits Lost

Harvested

0.3

Variations %

Thousand hectares

0.5

0.4 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

7

NA

6

120

4,496

18.8

37,413

6.3 40.9

NA NA

2.9 40.4

6.7 47.9

15.0 45.8

3.6 5.3

7.8 -1.4

Does not apply

Decrease

100%

106

1.0%

Increase

2012

2017

0.5%

1.6

128

2

146

180

3.9

1.7

251

280

367

1.6

2.5

2.4

508

531

3.7

3.1

Slightly more than half of the national volume of raspberry is generated from October to November.

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

9.1

5.2

10.5

3.8

5.9

5.6

0.1

6.6

1.8

10.7

12.9

27.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

2,000 to 3,000 MASL

700 to 1,200 mm

5 to 20 °C

Soils rich in organic matter, pH of 4.2 to 5.2

It is produced in areas that do not have the best conditions for its development, such as Michoacan and Baja California, which represent the second and third states by production volume in Mexico. However, there are areas in Veracruz with the right characteristics that could be exploited.

2.2

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National monthly production (%)

76

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 684

2012-2017 Indicators Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

"Heritage" raspberry is one of the most widely harvested in Mexico. It is characterized by its long harvest period and the suitability of its fruits for freezing.

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.2 4.9 2.5 2.5 2.8 18.3 18.9 28.1 6.6 13.2 1.8 0.2

Exports

8.3 10.1 12.1 11.0 21.7 2.6 1.3 1.6 1.8 6.6 11.2 11.7

Raspberry production potential

77

Strawberry

Strawberry

World ranking

3

rd

Like in the production of other berries, the harvested volume of strawberry has had a remarkable growth derived mainly from the larger area sown and from the better yields obtained in the countryside. Baja California 16.2

(thousand tonnes)

world producer

Michoacan, undisputed leader in the production of this berry, contributed 9.597 billion MXN to the national value of fruit production in 2017.

Promedio Average

362

658,436 tonnes

229

360

379

459

2012

2013

2014

2015

658

227

2011 0

468

233

393

209

2010

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

18,459

Value

42

million USD

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

283,419 264,960

42.1

17.6

97

68

699

657

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The main destination country of this fruit is the United States; during 2017, it acquired 272,857 tonnes, which equals 96.3% of the national exported volume. In 2012, Mexican strawberry was sold to 20 countries, and in 2017 that number increased to 37. Canadá Canada

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Worldwide, 9.1 million tonnes of strawberry are generated yearly; China contributes 41.6% to that volume.

Three fifths of the Mexican production of strawberry are destined to the international market. In the exported volume, 65.7% corresponds to fresh strawberries and the remaining 34.3% to frozen ones.

603

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

200

3

2017

rd

world producer

360,426 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexican strawberry fields represent 3% of the world's area sown with the fruit; and from them, 1 out of every 20 tonnes of the global strawberry harvest is obtained.

In 2017, the global imported volume of strawberry exceeded 1.6 million tonnes; the United States and Germany are the largest buyers, with 276,000 and 207,000 tonnes, respectively.

678,383,546*

USA

Guanajuato 4.5

Top 10 in production volume

Chile

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Michoacan Baja California Guanajuato Baja California Sur Estado de Mexico Aguascalientes Jalisco Puebla Zacatecas Oaxaca Rest

2012

2017

360,426 203,314 111,708 19,600 9,840 7,246 240 8,301 0 55 0 123

658,436 484,936 91,660 57,667 9,985 7,825 3,336 1,690 516 301 173 348

Variation (%) 2012-2017

82.7 139 -17.9 194 1.5 8.0 1,290 -79.6 NA 445 NA 184

Michoacan 75.9

Share in the national production of fruits Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

14

0.001

14

658

12,642

47.5

19,201

24.9 8.8

0.0 -69.9

24.9 9.8

40.6 12.8

61.5 23.9

12.6 2.7

14.9 9.8

Decrease

456

511

33.2

34.9

699

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

700 to 1,500 mm

15 to 20 °C

Deep soils with a sandy-loamy texture, pH of 5.5 - 6.5

There are states that have potential for the cultivation of this product and that currently do not participate in the national production, such as Tamaulipas and Chiapas, which represent a space of agricultural opportunity to consider.

384

320 256 207 156

2.1%

Increase

2012

2017

3.0%

31.9

15.6

14.2

16

21.3

33.7

37.8

42

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

The period in which the largest harvests of strawberries are obtained from the Mexican fields is May-June.

Altitude 800 to 2,500 MASL

416

100%

National monthly production (%)

78

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 693

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

3.2 kg

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Strawberry is the only fruit that has seeds on the outside and it can have up to 200 of them.

Area

3.3

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Annual per capita consumption

3.1

* USD

Buyer

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

9.4

5.4

7.3

7.7

19.6

24.2

6.6

2.2

1.5

1.4

6.8

7.9

Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.5 0.4 0.4 4.1 12.4 16.2 21.4 20.3 15.8 6.5 1.3 0.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

12.5 17.3 19.0 14.9 10.6 7.3 2.7 1.3 1.0 1.4 3.8 8.2

Strawberry production potential

79

AGRI-FOOD INFRASTRUCTURE:

FOOD PRODUCTION FOR SELF-CONSUMPTION: overview

operational capacity of the sector

The SIAP concentrates the geographic information of the agri-food infrastructure. In 2017, an operating capacity of 22,098 livestock infrastructure projects was registered. The states of San Luis Potosi and Coahuila have the largest number of goat production units with a total of 2,391, while San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo have the highest number of sheep production units with a total of 959.

Goats 2,391

Symbology

Jalisco

2,681

San Luis Potosi Tamaulipas

0

1000

1,873

2000

Jalisco, Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi are the states with

Facilities

2000

2,065

2,361

Rest of the country Maize State Jalisco 4.9 Hidalgo 4.1 Guanajuato 3.4 Tlaxcala 2.5 Sinaloa 1.7 Queretaro 1.6 Durango 1.5 San Luis Potosi 1.4 Zacatecas 1.3 Tabasco 1.2 Campeche 1.1 Yucatan 1.1 Chihuahua 0.9 Aguascalientes 0.7 Morelos 0.7 Quintana Roo 0.5 Nayarit 0.5 Nuevo Leon 0.4 Sonora 0.4 Colima 0.3 Coahuila 0.2 Tamaulipas 0.1 Mexico City

Symbology Warehouses State limits States with the largest storage capacities at the national level.

1500 1000

State

500 0

80

Dairy stables

Feedlots

Poultry meat and egg farms

Pig farms

Self-consumption: percentage share for each type of grain 24.9

23.0

7.9

3.6

Bean

Sorghum

Wheat

Percentage composition of self-consumption for corn and beans by state

3000

2,462

un punto FromDesde a general pointde ofvista view, in general, enthere la agricultura existen dos agriculture are two production sistemas de producción: el comercial systems: the commercial one self-consumption. yand el de autoconsumo.

Maize

3,059

2500

Self-consumption

Sowing seed

According to the FAO, the producers that carry out this agricultural activity do not have sales income, since their objective is not the commercialization but selfconsumption; for this, they have an average rain-fed area of 2.3 hectares and 0.5 of irrigation.

The livestock infrastructure includes all the activities of cattle and smallstock, among which bovines, birds and pigs stand out.

3000

Animal feed

Self-consumption is present in many crops; maize and beans standing out. When aggregating these products, a little more than one out of every five tonnes produced is allocated for this purpose.

Self-consumption means that the producer uses all or part of the production to satisfy their own needs. Among its advantages are a guaranteed diet and that it largely adapts to local conditions of climate and availability of resources.

Facilities

3500

Sale

Sheep 959 Of the more than 3 thousand agricultural warehouses, the SIAP has the information of 2,057 georeferenced warehouses at the national level; the states of Tamaulipas, Sinaloa and Chihuahua stand out for their greater storage capacity (4,869,715, 3,112,072 and 2,735,006 tonnes respectively*).

the largest number of georeferenced livestock facilities at the national level.

2,125

Retained production refers to that which the producer keeps for various purposes, ranging from expecting a better price for the product, to separating a portion to sell at a local market, to allocating a part as animal feed, or as seed for the next sow, or even for their own feeding. In line with this, the SIAP figures give an idea of this reality.

*The data refers to the 2017 agricultural year Source: SIAP-SNIDRUS.

Sources: SIAP and FAO.

The level of selfconsumption of maize and beans stands at almost 25% of production San Luis Potosi 5.4

Maize Beans

Guanajuato

5.4

Durango

Puebla

10.6

7.2 7.9

Zacatecas Rest of the country

30.6 21.0

Veracruz

7.1 5.2

20.8

Michoacan

5.0

Estado de Mexico

20.5

In both crops, a large portion of selfconsumption comes from the springsummer cycle, with an important contribution of the rain-fed mode.

Guerrero

12.5

Oaxaca

8.5 9.0

Chiapas

8.4 14.6

Rest of the country Beans State Chihuahua 4.4 Hidalgo 3.9 Guerrero 3.4 Sinaloa 1.7 Queretaro 1.5 Estado de Mexico 1.1 Aguascalientes 1.1 Nayarit 0.6 Tlaxcala 0.6 Tabasco 0.5 Michoacan 0.4 Sonora 0.4 Jalisco 0.4 Campeche 0.3 Coahuila 0.3 Nuevo Leon 0.1 Morelos 0.1 Quintana Roo 0.1 Tamaulipas 0.1

The contribution of autumn-winter to self-consumption is relevant for maize in the rain-fed mode and for beans in the irrigation mode.

81

Bean

Bean

World ranking

Mexico

2012

7th

A greater area sown, as well as better yields obtained in the harvests of this legume, are reflected in the 8.7% increase of the production volume compared to the previous year.

2012-2017 National production volume

The production value of beans exceeded 16 billion MXN in 2017; of this amount, Zacatecas generated 4.963 billion.

Tendencia Trend

1,156

Promedio Average

1,111

1,041

1,156

568

1,081

1,295

1,274

969

1,089

1,184

1,077

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes) 2012

2017

1,080,857 305,274 113,689 110,285 104,357 68,862 72,995 52,499 32,281 52,531 29,608 138,476

1,183,868 400,356 158,227 129,492 87,166 63,983 60,341 48,238 42,405 41,199 27,215 125,247

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

150,193

75,077

-75,116

-36.3

345

Value

125

86

-39

-54.8

188

million USD

Decrease

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

Between 2012 and 2017, the countries of origin of the Mexican imports of bean decreased, going from 12 to 8; whereas the number of buyers of the legume increased from 18 to 27. In 2017, the international origin-destination of the traded volume was: 88.8% of the purchases were made to the United States, and 51.2% of the sales to Venezuela. Latin American nations are listed as opportunity markets for the varieties of this legume that Mexico produces and destines to the foreign market.

Estados Unidos United States

26,918,243*

Venezuela

2012-2017

9.5 31.1 39.2 17.4 -16.5 -7.1 -17.3 -8.1 31.4 -21.6 -8.1 -9.6

* USD

Buyer

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

10.2 kg

277

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

2.7 -0.3

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Share in the national production of dry legumes Area

10.3

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

There are approximately 150 species of bean plants in the world; of them, 50 are found in Mexico.

1,676

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Sown

51

-9.2 -18.5

1,625

3.1 0.8

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

1,184

16,376

0.7

13,832

8.7 1.8

23.4 3.5

5.4 1.0

100%

Increase

2012

2017

83.6%

National monthly production (%) The highest volume of this grain is obtained in the Spring-Summer cycle.

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

30.4

2008

28.9

28.5

2009

2010

130

136

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

450 to 900 mm

11 to 20 °C

Soils with clay-loamy and sandy-loamy textures; 60 cm in depth, pH of 5.3 - 7.5

38.3

2011

Sinaloa, contrary to the states of the center and north of the country, does not have adequate conditions for the cultivation of bean; however, it is produced by using technology.

125 86

99.8

89.2

78.1%

Altitude 0 to 2,400 MASL

168 111

13.5 1.6

Decrease

82

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Variation (%)

Annual per capita consumption

10.1

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Durango 10.3

Main producing states National total Zacatecas Sinaloa Durango Chihuahua Chiapas Nayarit Guanajuato San Luis Potosi Puebla Oaxaca Rest

1,183,868 tonnes

Myanmar It is the largest producer of beans in the world; its harvest represents 19.3% of the total.

Colombia

Top 10 in production volume State

world producer

The moment of harvest, variety of grain and market price are factors that intervene in the level of foreign trade that Mexico has of this legume. 10 out of every 100 tonnes of this grain available in the country are imported and 4 out of every 100 harvested are exported.

Zacatecas 30.3

Sinaloa 18.9

Rank

7th

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes)

2008

2017

world producer

1,080,857 tonnes Percentage of the production value by state

Mexico contributes 1 of every 25 kilograms of this legume harvested in the world.

29.8

2012

50.8

2013

84.5

79.8

62.8

2014

35.4

41.4

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

5.2

13.2

5.4

2.3

1.0

0.7

1.0

2.6

4.5

10.4

36.3

17.4

Imports

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3.1 4.1 9.0 6.5 5.3 6.4 7.2 9.7 8.7 16.0 10.0 14.0 6.4 13.9 15.4 9.8 10.6 8.4 11.8 7.6 6.2 3.8 3.9

2.2

Bean production potential

83

Chickpea

Chickpea

World ranking

In 2017, chickpea production showed an increase of 55% compared to 2016, mainly derived from the increase in the area sown with this grain: 31,578 additional hectares.

7

th

Sonora 34.7

(thousand tonnes)

Sinaloa and Sonora, main producing states of this grain, together contributed 2.842 billion MXN to the national value of chickpea in 2017.

174

Average Promedio 165

132

132

72

272

210

172

138

122

189

160

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

world producer

India is the main producer of this legume; two thirds of the crops are obtained from said country.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017 Imports

188,939 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

2008

9

2017

th

world producer

271,894 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state 2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexico contributes 1 out of every 100 tonnes to the global chickpea production.

This Mexican legume has excellent acceptance in international markets; the rebound in market prices allowed the country to generate the second largest amount of foreign currency of the last five years for its sale.

Volume tonnes

1,669

Value

1.9

thousand USD

Exports

Trade balance

145,322 143,653 276

274.1

Imports

Exports

666

-31.6

688

-2.2

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, Algeria and Turkey stood out as the largest buyers of chickpea from Mexico, with 38,000 and 36,000 tonnes respectively. In 2012, this Mexican grain was acquired by 54 countries and five years later by 52.

España Spain

Sinaloa 49.0

With annual purchases of 54,000 tonnes, the United Kingdom is emerging as an important destination for the export of this Mexican grain.

Turkey Turquía

73,960,080*

Algeria

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Sonora Michoacan Guanajuato Baja California Sur Jalisco Nayarit Guerrero Oaxaca Durango Rest

2012

2017

271,894 191,508 54,403 4,557 9,455 10,603 547 0 434 342 0 45

188,939 87,509 55,729 25,201 9,070 7,374 2,282 1,044 453 202 57 18

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-30.5 -54.3 2.4 453 -4.1 -30.5 317 NA 4.3 -40.9 NA -59.7

Michoacan 8.1

Buyer

Although chickpea is a crop with low water requirements, strategic irrigation during its development can help increase its yields.

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

100

1

99

46.4 -6.3

-35.8 -24.3

48.5 -5.9

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

189

3,394

1.9

17,964

4.6 -1.2

55.6 11.2

55.4 141.8 -7.0 3.4

Decrease

100%

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

650 to 900 mm

17 to 20 °C

Siliceous-clayey soils without gypsum, soils with medium to heavy texture, pH of 4.2 - 8.6

Chickpea is mainly produced with the use of technology in regions that do not present the ideal conditions for its development. There are zones in Chiapas, Zacatecas and Nuevo Leon with high production potential that can be exploited.

193 177 129

117

138

139

120 83

Increase

19.6%

2012

2017

13.3%

National monthly production (%) The greatest availability of this legume is observed between March and June.

Altitude 0 to 1,800 MASL

276

Share in the national production of dry legumes

Thousand hectares

84

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

37 g

Supplier

Main

282

Area

38

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

36

* USD

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

0.7

3.8

12.6

47.6

15.5

12.1

6.3

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.6

0.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

0.0004

0.001

0.1

0.5

0.2

0.6

0.1

0.2

0.5

1.9

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5.2 3.0 1.2 0.0 4.8 1.2 2.4 0.2 17.5 7.8 21.7 35.0 1.8 1.6 10.6 9.3 14.2 12.5 7.7 12.2 11.7 8.2 5.8

4.4

Chickpea production potential

85

Gerbera

Gerbera 2012-2017 Foreign trade

Estado de Mexico was listed as the only producer of this flower in the country until last year; in 2017, Baja California was listed as a new gerbera producer. The more than 100 hectares planted with the crop in both states generate a volume close to 1.2 million grosses.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state Baja California 0.6

2012-2017 National production volume Trend Tendencia

1,131

1200

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

20

475

455

NA

8.8

Value

725

943

218

NA

12.7

thousand USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

The value corresponding to gerberas represents 1.3% of the exports of plants and flowers made by the country.

The gerbera harvests of Estado de Mexico generated a value of 313.517 million MXN in 2017.

(thousand grosses)

Imports

Does not apply

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The neighboring countries of the north are the ones that acquire gerbera from Mexico. It is the United States that imports the largest volume of this Mexican ornament.

Average Promedio

957

600

Canadá Canada

Germany and the United States constitute potential markets for the expansion of the national sale of this flower.

943,002*

819

882

900

912

906

980

942

939

1,108

1,182

USA

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Estado de Mexico 99.4

Producing states Rank 1 2

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Estado de Mexico Baja California

2012

2017

906,474 906,474 0

1,182,262 1,172,868 9,395

Variation (%)

* USD

2012-2017

Buyer

30.4 29.4 NA

A dozen flowers in the most important wholesale market in Mexico, the Central Market of Supplies in Mexico City, reaches a price of 28 MXN.

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (thousand USD) 1,670

Share in the national production of ornamentals

2012-2017 Indicators Area Sown

Lost

Volume Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value

Thousand grosses

Million MXN

Grosses / hectare

MXN / gross

0.1

NA

0.1

1,182

315

12,126

267

5.7 3.1

NA NA

1.6 2.3

6.7 5.5

10.4 3.8

5.0 3.1

3.5 -1.6

Does not apply

Decrease

1,031 915 835

86

Temperature 15 to 18 °C

Edaphology

Loose and light soils, not very calcareous with a loamy, sandy-loamy or clay-loamy texture, pH of 5.0 - 6.0

943

876 836

798

652

The geographical conditions for the production of this plant have little influence because it is grown in greenhouses.

725 694 468

3.2%

Increase

2012

2017

3.4%

National monthly production (%) One third of the available volume of this colorful flower is obtained during the second month of the year.

Rain 400 to 500 mm

100%

Average rural price

Yield

1,469

Altitude 1,400 to 1,600 MASL

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

0.04

0

0.1

3.3

0

0

0

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

1.5

33.0

4.3

2.8

7.4

2.3

0.0

7.8

4.0

5.0

13.7

18.2

Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.6 4.8 4.4 3.2 10.7 15.9 22.2 18.9 5.4 2.2 0.5 5.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

11.6 12.8 12.1 8.9 11.8 7.7 6.4 6.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 4.6

Gerbera production potential

87

SCIENTIFIC NAMES

ORNAMENTALS: sharing the beauty of the countryside With a value of 8.714 billion MXN, the production and commercialization of ornamental plants and flowers is one of the sectors with the greatest development potential in the field of micro-enterprises in the country; nowadays, it expands its vision abroad, looking for markets in the United States and Canada as well in the European Union. 2017 Production value (million $)

1.8% Queretaro 1.6 Puebla 14.5 Veracruz 1.4

Flower arrangement

Celebration New Year's Day Valentine's Day International Women's Day Mother's Day / Teacher's Day Father's Day Administrative Professionals' Day Day of the Dead Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe / Christmas Eve

Animals and plants have a unique scientific name that identifies them throughout the world and in any language; this specificity helps avoid confusion, as might happen with commonly used names.

Scientific names originate in biological classification, or taxonomy, sthe science responsible for classifying living beings in groups.

The rose has gained great popularity, in fact it is considered the ‘queen of all flowers’. Mexico contributes a volume of nine million grosses.

ber

Orange roses represent success and joy, although they also stand for caution.

To avoid planting species of the same Family in nearby areas, since they would compete for the same soil nutrients; in addition, they could be attacked by the same pests and diseases.

To know the type of soil appropriate for the crop, and alternative plants elegible to be associated.

Examples of association by type of family Brassicaceae:

Amaryllidaceae:

coliflower, broccoli, turnip, radish...

garlic, onion, chives...

Solanaceae: red tomato, pepper, tobacco…

Fabaceae: bean, lentil, chickpea…

Apiaceae: carrot,

celery, parsley, coriander…

Solanaceae: potato, eggplant, petunia…

Phylum

The carnation means: pride, fascination and beauty; pink ones are a symbol of maternal and family love.

Class Order

Gerberas are flowers related to friendship and the purity of first love; red ones are associated with the expression of passionate love.

Which Whichone one do doyou yougive give as asaagift? gift?

June

Kingdom

ary

Poinsettias are linked to the Christmas season, as they symbolize good luck and happiness.

Giving an orchid means giving the gift of beauty and a demonstration of a high degree of appreciation and admiration; yellow ones represent the most erotic love.

A taxon is a group of related organisms in a given classification. It consists of at least seven taxa:

Janu

m Dece

Chrysanthemums symbolize fidelity, optimism, joy and long life; violet ones represent the unbearable pain at the thought of losing the beloved.

System of classification:

The meaning of daisies is innocence, joy and purity, but blue ones specifically represent fidelity.

Family Genus

uary

Source: SIAP.

The importance of greenery in floral arrangements is that green is a neutral color in flowers and plants, since all of them have it in their constitution by default; when adding greens, you evoke the idea that the flowers were born right there, thus restoring their natural essence.

July

Primary flowers are those that you want to highlight and which give relevance to the decoration; secondary flowers bring contrast of textures, shapes and colors. Focal flowers are those that have the main role due to their nature and constitution, and a single stem can be much more expressive than a bouquet of any other flower.

Month January February March May June July November December

Febr

Bouquet

r

Three ways to give ornamental plants

2,028 1,932 1,228 576 473 443 315

Did you know that each type of flower and its color have a special meaning?

mbe

Morelos 6.4

Nove

Jalisco 3.5 Michoacan 2.2 Estado de Mexico Mexico City 63.7 3.9

Flowerpot

Rose Chrysanthemum Gladiolus Poinsettia Lilium Carnation Gerbera

The rest of the country represents

Baja California 1.0

Day 1 14 8 10, 15 17 18 2 12, 24

Why is it important to know the scientific name of plants?

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Octopus Animalia Mollusca Cephalopoda Octopoda Octopodidae Octopus Octopus vulgaris

Watermelon Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae Citrullus Citrullus lanatus

Pork Animalia Chordata Mammalia Artiodactyla Suidae Sus Sus scrofa

Species The scientific name is composed of Genus and Species Only these taxa should be written in italics

Mar ch

National production value (%)

Definition and importance

Some reasons to buy or give flowers

White lilies symbolize purity, innocence and elegance.

Aristotle elaborated the first classification of living beings in the year 400 BC.

May

Scientific names are written in Latin, considered the scientific language until the 19th century.

NOMEN SCIENTIFIC

The rules for creating scientific names are written in the International Codes of Nomenclature and have been agreed upon for approximately 100 years.

Source: SIAP.

88

89

Guava

Guava

World ranking

There are twenty states that produce this fruit in the country; together they allocate an area of 22,562 hectares, from which a harvest close to 325,000 tonnes was obtained in 2017.

5

Mexico

2012

th

4

295,398 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

th

world producer

Mexican fields sown with guava trees contribute five out of every 100 tonnes to the global harvest.

world producer

324,666 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

With a volume that represents 40% of the world total, China stands out as the leading producer of this fruit.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

Michoacan is the main state that generates this fruit. Its production value exceeds 786 million MXN.

Tendencia Trend

315

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

1

12,528

12,527

99.5

85.5

Value

0.012

22.6

22.588

435

103

million USD

The exported volume of guava has continued to rise; during 2017, 12,528 tonnes were sold abroad, which is practically twice the amount exported in 2012.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

There are seven countries that acquire Mexican guava. The United States stands out, which bought 93.6% of the total exported. In 2012, the number of destination countries was six.

Promedio Average

299

Reino Unido United Kingdom

285

289

305

291

295

298

303

294

309

325

Canadá Canada

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

21,469,670*

USA

Aguascalientes 24.2

Consumers from Holland and France like subtropical fruits; Mexican guava could fit right in their preferences.

Zacatecas 18.7

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Michoacan Aguascalientes Zacatecas Estado de Mexico Jalisco Guerrero Guanajuato Durango Hidalgo Chiapas Rest

2012

2017

295,398 133,621 95,770 46,903 9,364 2,944 1,980 783 444 462 179 2,949

324,666 164,835 87,784 50,336 11,751 3,569 2,759 745 515 438 343 1,591

Variation (%) 2012-2017

9.9 23.4 -8.3 7.3 25.5 21.2 39.4 -4.8 16.0 -5.3 91.9 -46.1

Buyer

22.6 18.8

Share in the national production of fruits

2012-2017 Indicators

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

23

NA

22

325

1,617

14.6

4,981

3.1 1.2

NA NA

3.1 1.1

5.0 1.9

18.0 4.4

1.9 0.8

12.3 2.4

Does not apply

100%

11.1

Temperature

Edaphology

16 to 34 °C

Prefers loamy, silty and clay-loamy soils; depth greater than 60 cm, pH of 4.5 - 8.2

13

0

0

Zacatecas and Aguascalientes do not have the optimal conditions for the cultivation of guava; however, they produce it through the implementation of technologies.

9.9 8.6

1.7%

Increase

Mostly available

Rain 600 to 1,000 mm

14.7

11.8

2012

2017

1.5%

1.1 0.000001 0.0003

0

0

0.002

0.014

0.01

0.012

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

There is availability of the fruit throughout the year, although there is a higher concentration during the last quarter.

Altitude 0 to 1,400 MASL

8.2

National monthly production (%)

90

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Manual harvesting helps to ensure that only the fruits with an optimum level of ripeness for the market are selected.

Sown

2.5 kg

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Area

2.6

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

2.4

* USD

Michoacan 48.6

Moderately available

Least or not available

3.4

6.4

7.4

6.3

6.8

8.5

5.0

6.6

9.4

13.2

14.8

12.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.4 7.7 10.0 10.0 10.4 10.4 9.2 3.8 5.8 3.4 8.4 12.5

Exports

7.2 8.4 8.6 7.1 9.4 6.9 7.4 6.0 5.7 7.6 11.7 14.0

Guava production potential

91

Tomato

Tomato

World ranking

The production of tomato continued the growing trend observed in recent years; mainly due to the higher yields obtained. The volume harvested in 2017 was 631,000 tonnes larger than the obtained in 2012.

10

th

Baja California 9.5

(thousand tonnes)

10

2017

th

world producer

2,838,370 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state 2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

world producer

3,469,707 tonnes

Mexican agriculture cultivates various varieties of tomato and contributes 2.3% to the world production of this vegetable.

The three states with the largest contribution to the production value, generate together 9.806 billion MXN for the sale of this vegetable.

3,577

Average Promedio

2,678

2013

3,098

2014

2015

3,470

2012

3,349

2011 0

2,875

2,694

2,278

2,838

2,044

1,872

2,263

2010

2016

2017

Imports tonnes

6,198

Value

4.2

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

1,596,571 1,590,374

-76.4

15.6

-86.6

58.1

1,583

1,578.8

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

The main target market of the national exports of tomato is the United States; nation that makes the biggest imports in the world, from which the Mexican vegetable represents 90.1%.

San Luis Potosi 13.2

Sinaloa 15.7

Volume million USD

Of the vegetables exported by Mexico, tomato is sold the most; its international success is reflected in its rank as first place worldwide by sales and volume.

Canadá Canada

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

On the planet, the annual production of the vegetable amounts to 177 million tonnes; China contributes a third of the total.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Tendencia Trend

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

1,576,364,038*

USA

Japón Japan

Top 10 in production volume

Canada is the ninth world importer of this vegetable with 215,000 annual tonnes. There are factors that could boost the volume that Mexico supplies to the aforementioned country.

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa San Luis Potosi Michoacan Jalisco Zacatecas Baja California Puebla Sonora Morelos Oaxaca Rest

2012

2017

2,838,370 1,039,368 116,137 171,039 156,660 139,131 189,636 52,850 82,324 71,203 96,744 723,279

3,469,707 937,796 340,836 253,576 219,134 193,363 179,574 129,400 118,526 115,960 103,557 877,986

Variation (%) 2012-2017

22.2 -9.8 193 48.3 39.9 39.0 -5.3 145 44.0 62.9 7.0 21.4

* USD

Buyer

Globe tomatoes are ideal for the preparation of hamburgers; a slice of this vegetable can cover 80% of the bun area.

Sown

Share in the national production of vegetables Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

15.2 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

50

0.1

50

3,470

25,483

69.1

7,345

-2.9 -2.1

-73.8 -25.7

-2.1 -1.9

3.6 4.1

6.8 14.2

5.8 6.1

3.0 9.7

Decrease

677

22.9%

2012

2017

21.5%

There is production of this vegetable throughout the whole year, although there is an increase in November and December.

Mostly available

Moderately available

9.6

12.7

8.7

6.6

6.5

7.0

5.3

5.9

8.6

10.8

11.2

7.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 1,800 MASL

600 to 1,300 mm

15 to 30 °C

The optimal soils are light silts in deep soils, pH of 5.0 - 7.0

1,368

976

Increase

1,583

1,293

100%

National monthly production (%)

92

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Area

15.3

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

1,550

Annual per capita consumption

15.1

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Tomato is produced in regions with the appropriate geographical characteristics, therefore, the states with the largest production match the areas with good production potential.

1,159

1,015 1,001

732

46.3

67.3

71

47.2

31.8

25.1

32.6

17.9

0.8

4.2

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.7 5.7 32.6 42.2 5.7 7.8 0.9 0.8 9.8 10.0 11.0 9.2 9.8

7.3 5.9

5.4 5.8 7.4 8.5

9.9

Tomato production potential

93

Lettuce

Lettuce

World ranking

10

The national lettuce production comes from twenty states of the country which, following an increasing trend, generate more than 480,000 tonnes.

(thousand tonnes)

Guanajuato is the state with the largest volume of lettuce, although due to the value of their production, Zacatecas, Baja California and Puebla also stand out.

487

Promedio Average

2013

438

2014

2015

481

2012

440

2011 0

407

381

341

335

318

370

290

380

2010

2016

2017

world producer

China generates 55.7% of the world volume of this herbaceous cultivar.

2012

2017

335,337 68,056 58,560 49,092 35,184 26,825 33,490 15,894 9,895 9,586 6,682 22,074

480,808 141,783 86,334 69,410 51,328 23,502 22,540 14,935 14,564 12,535 12,245 31,633

Value

9.7

Exports

199,087 176,703

-42.2

154

-38.2

137

217

207.3

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Traditionally, the United States is the country to which the largest volume of the national vegetable is exported: 195,608 tonnes during 2017. Sales are also made to other 10 nations.

Corea delKorea Sur South

In the world, the Canadian market acquires the most lettuce from abroad: 283,000 annual tonnes. Of that purchase, the Mexican volume represents 2.3%.

2012-2017

43.4 108 47.4 41.4 45.9 -12.4 -32.7 -6.0 47.2 30.8 83.2 43.3

Buyer

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

2.6

2.5 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value

Yield

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

134

0.1

21

481

1,843

22.9

3,834

2.9 4.1

-75.7 -36.0

4.8 5.4

9.3 7.5

24.6 13.9

4.3 2.0

14.0 6.0

100% 88.7 78.7

Temperature

Edaphology

12 to 21 °C

Light soils of loamy, loamy-clay-silty or clay-loamy texture, pH of 6.0 - 6.8

141

Lettuce is produced mainly in regions with high production potential; however, there are zones in Oaxaca and Chiapas that also have favorable conditions to cultivate this product that are not currently being used.

130

91.7

39.1

2.7%

Increase

2012

2017

3.0%

National monthly production (%)

29.3

2008

There is availability throughout the whole year, although there is a greater concentration in two periods: February-April and July-August.

140

Rain 1,000 to 1,400 mm

73.2

21

Decrease

Altitude 800 to 2,500 MASL

Share in the national production of vegetables Volume

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 217

2012-2017 Indicators Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

There is a large number of commercial lettuce varieties in the world, which acquire their name according to their type of leaf, color and head. In Mexico, the production of Romaine and "Orejona" lettuce varieties stands out.

Average rural price

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Sown

94

22,383

Imports

* USD

Variation (%)

Annual per capita consumption

2.4

tonnes

Trade balance

Guanajuato 28.8

Volume (tonnes)

National total Guanajuato Zacatecas Puebla Aguascalientes Baja California Queretaro Michoacan Sonora Estado de Mexico Tlaxcala Rest

Exports

Volume million USD

Among the vegetables that Mexico sells to the foreign market, lettuce is ranked 7 by exported volume, which in 2017 reached 199,087 tonnes; amount that exceeds by 120,000  the one from 2012.

USA

Main producing states

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Imports

Canadá Canada 214,973,400*

Top 10 in production volume State

Variation (%) 2012-2017

th

Zacatecas 15.5

Rank

2012-2017 Foreign trade

480,808 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Tendencia Trend

2009

9

Two out of every hundred lettuces that are harvested on the planet come from Mexican fields.

2017

th

world producer

335,337 tonnes

Baja California 13.3

2012-2017 National production volume

2008

2012

th

Percentage of the production value by state

Mexico

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

6.6

11.7

11.6

11.0

5.0

3.9

14.2

11.9

9.0

7.8

4.7

2.6

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

9.1

9.7

9

2009

2010

2011

15.6

16.7

18.7

2012

2013

2014

12.9

2015

9.8

9.7

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4.2 2.9 2.5 1.3 7.5 9.8 13.0 16.2 15.3 6.2 10.7 10.4

Exports

7.8 10.1 11.9 11.9 9.8 6.8 4.5 6.0 4.8 9.1 8.8 8.5

Lettuce production potential

95

Lime

Lime

World ranking

In 2017, the production of lime maintained the growing trend of the last years; the 2.5 million tonnes of harvest in that year render proof. The average annual growth during 2012-2017 was 4.1%.

2

(thousand tonnes)

In 2017, the combined production of Veracruz and Michoacan generated a revenue of 6.737 billion MXN, representing 53.4% of the national total.

Tendencia Trend

2,454

Average Promedio

2,184

Variation (%) 2012-2017

2,055

2,121

2,187

2,326

2,416

2,513

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

3,015

729,650

726,635

112

16.3

Value

3.2

500

496.8

204

114 Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The largest importer of this fruit in the world is the United States, which acquired 665,784 tonnes from Mexico during 2017. In the aforementioned year, the national lime was marketed to 28 countries, 5 more than those registered in 2012. United Kingdom Reino Unido Países Bajos Netherlands

Saudi Arabia represents a potential buyer for this Mexican citrus; the imports of the country located in the Middle East reach 121,000 annual tonnes.

Veracruz 25.7

Top 10 in production volume

Imports

million USD

USA

2,133

1,966

2,229

1,891 2010

2012-2017 Foreign trade

From the fruits exported by the country, this citrus ranks fourth for the value of its sales. During 2017, the volume sold abroad reached 729,650 tonnes.

421,812,622*

2009

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 National production volume

2008

2,513,391 tonnes

From the 258,000 hectares planted with lemon trees, India obtains an annual volume of this fruit that represents 17.2% of the global total.

2

nd

world producer

2,055,209 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

nd

In the global production of lime, Mexican agriculture is one of the most productive. It has a contribution of 14% to the international harvested volume.

Main producing states Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Michoacan Veracruz Oaxaca Colima Tamaulipas Jalisco Tabasco Guerrero Yucatan San Luis Potosi Rest

2012

2017

2,055,209 475,568 558,130 199,535 354,705 43,817 40,777 84,106 75,016 126,924 10,461 86,169

2,513,391 711,181 658,282 274,564 242,400 123,169 89,003 83,971 79,275 74,244 40,596 136,706

Variation (%) 2012-2017

22.3 49.5 17.9 37.6 -31.7 181 118 -0.2 5.7 -41.5 288 58.6

Michoacan 27.7

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 500

Share in the national production of fruits

2012-2017 Indicators

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

NA

171

2,513

12,625

14.7

5,023

7.3 3.1

NA NA

5.4 2.7

4.0 4.1

22.3 20.8

-1.3 1.3

17.5 16.0

Decrease

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 1,500 MASL

900 to 2,500 mm

20 to 30 °C

Loamy and sandy-loamy soils with depth and good humidity, pH of 6.0 - 8.3

373

100%

Much of the national territory has adequate soil and climate conditions for the production of lime. Michoacan and Veracruz stand out as the main producing states.

376 234 286

202

220

151

Increase

11.7%

2012

2017

11.3%

National monthly production (%) The largest production is concentrated in the second half of the year.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

157

194

Does not apply

96

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

465

Sown

14.5 kg

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

The seedless lime has low acidity and greater sweetness; characteristics appreciated by consumers from European countries.

Area

14.6

Buyer

Oaxaca 12.7

Annual per capita consumption

14.4

* USD

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

5.6

4.8

4.6

6.3

8.0

9.6

11.5

10.8

7.8

11.9

10.3

8.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

0.4

0.3

0.6

1.6

1

0.9

2.8

1.8

2.5

3.2

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4.0 8.0 20.9 18.9 10.9 11.4 7.8 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.9 5.9 4.8 6.9 6.5 9.8

8.8 10.1 11.8 10.6 8.8 8.3

7.7

Lime production potential

97

LIME: a typical match / garnish

Tamaulipas produjo en In 2017, Tamaulipas produced 2017 alrededor de 100 mil about 100,000 tonnes toneladas of lemon. de limón italiano.

In Mexico, citriculture is considered one of the main activities of the primary sector, being lime, for its production volume, one of the most important citrus. No Mexican table is without them.

El mayorisproductor Veracruz the largestde limón persa es Veracruz; producer of Persian lime; during 2017, 53.1% of the ahí se obtuvo en 2017 production volume was el 53.1% del volumen obtained from that state. de producción.

Three species of lemon are cultivated in Mexico: Key lime (Mexican lime) Citrus aurantifolia, Persian lime Citrus latifolia and Lemon Citrus limon. Key lime (Mexican lime) production (%) 62.0

Michoacan Michoacán produced produjo 695 thousand tonnes mil toneladas de of Key agrio lime (Mexican limón (mexicano) lime) in 2017. en 2017.

21.1 Michoacan Colima

7.1

7.0

Queretaro

Oaxaca

• It has a round shape; with thin and soft skin, green when unripe and becoming slightly yellow when it ripens. • It is greenish yellow on the inside, juicy and with seeds.

The juice content of lime for export must be at least 45 percent.

Persian lime production (%) 53.1

15.8 Veracruz

Oaxaca

6.8

6.2

Tabasco

Jalisco

• It differentiates from the Mexican lime because of its larger size and lack of seeds. • Being dark green during its development, it gradually turns light green or yellow. • Its flavor is less sour and it has a slightly higher vitamin C content.

The Mexican Standard establishes the minimum quality specifications that must be met by the lime for it to be packaged and sold fresh, within the national territory. • It is classified from green to yellow, according to the Official Standard of color and size. • To consider that a lot meets Mexico Extra, Mexico A, Mexico B and Mexico C qualities, it must match one of the colors of the Official Standard of color and size.

Lemon production (%) 70.9%

16.8 Tamaulipas San Luis Potosi

11.3 Yucatan

Persian lime according to Mexican Standard 0.6 Baja California

• The fruit is oval, with a neck at the base and a large elongated nipple-like protuberance at the apex. • Its color is intense yellow when ripe. • Its pulp is juicy and its acidity is low, with a scarce number of seeds. Source: SIAP.

98

Grade 1 2 3 4 5 6

Millimeters Pieces per (min - max) kilogram 58 - 67 6-7 53 - 62 8-9 48 - 57 10 46 - 52 11 - 12 43 - 46 13 38 - 43 14

Key lime according to Mexican Standard Grade 2 3 4 5

Millimeters Pieces per (min - max) kilogram 32.1 - 35.0 41 - 36 35.1 - 37.0 35 - 30 37.1 - 39.0 29 - 24 43 - 46 Less than 24 pieces

99

Fodder maize

Fodder maize 2012-2017 Foreign trade

Even though the area sown with this fodder nationwide has decreased, the larger yields helped the fodder maize volume to increase; in 2017, production reached 16.7 million tonnes.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

The importance of Jalisco because of its livestock activity has led to a steady growth in the production of fodder maize; this year, it increased its share to 34.5% and generated 3.374 billion MXN for the sale of this fodder.

Tendencia Trend

16,364 Average Promedio

12,837

12,795

9,240

11,778

9,605

12,063

12,615

13,777

13,661

16,165

16,669

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Jalisco Durango Zacatecas Aguascalientes Estado de Mexico Coahuila Queretaro Chihuahua Guanajuato Puebla Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

Exports

Volume tonnes

13,514

20

-13,494

194

NA

Value

2.7

0.008

-2.692

59.6

NA

Increase

Does not apply

Commercial origin-destination

The commercial flow of this agricultural good is traded only with the neighboring country to the north. The purchase and sale between Mexico and the United States is conditioned to specific eventual needs of livestock farms. The international sale of the maize plant has greater possibility between supplier and buyer countries that have geographical proximity.

8,271*

USA

12,062,988 2,592,469 2,339,554 1,057,976 1,107,132 949,420 664,091 688,894 1,133,183 235,644 249,780 1,044,845

16,669,014 5,745,139 2,318,292 1,845,932 1,433,917 1,167,075 1,063,718 726,298 648,069 386,897 336,781 996,897

Variation (%) 2012-2017

38.2 122 -0.9 74.5 29.5 22.9 60.2 5.4 -42.8 64.2 34.8 -4.6

* USD

Buyer

The quality of the fodder maize plant when cut is determined by its water content, which can be checked by looking at a horizontal white line on the grain. 

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 83.9

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 3,300 MASL

200 to 1,100 mm

15 to 35 °C

Sandy-loamy, clay-loamy, silty-loamy soils, with more than 1 m in depth, pH of 6.0 - 7.0

Share in the national production of fodders

2012-2017 Indicators Area

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

591

2

588

16,669

9,597

28.3

576

-2.7 -2.1

-59.7 -49.3

-2.2 0.1

3.1 6.7

14.5 6.2

5.4 6.6

11.0 -0.4

Decrease

16.4

10.4%

Increase

Mostly available

The edaphoclimatic conditions of northern Mexico have allowed the largest production to be located in this geographical area.

100%

2012

2017

13.5%

National monthly production (%) Just over 90% of the harvested volume of this fodder is obtained from August to December.

Moderately available

Least or not available

5.5

1.3

0.4

0.1

0.1

0.1

2.1

9.6

12.9

29.2

27.3

11.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

100

Imports

Jalisco 35.2

Main producing states Rank

Trade balance

Compared to 2016, fodder maize exports increased by 70% and imports decreased by 78.7%.

Durango 14.9

Top 10 in production volume

Exports

million USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Zacatecas 9.3

2008

Imports

0 0

0 0

0 0

2008

2009

2010

1.7 1.7 0.0002 0

2011

2012

11.8

0.002

13.5 0.007

0.07

0.1

2.7 0.008

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2.4 5.0 2.0 18.0 15.3 8.8 8.3 9.5 10.6 6.3 6.6 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

Fodder maize production potential

101

Grain maize

Grain maize

World ranking

In 2017, grain maize production showed a decrease of 1.7% with respect to 2016; however, during the 2012-2017 period, it increased at an average annual rate of 4.7%, derived from the increase in the yields of the harvest.

5

th

2012-2017 National production volume

Of the 100.206 billion MXN that were generated by the sale of the crop at the national level, Sinaloa, leading producer of the grain, contributed 21.883 billion.

(thousand tonnes)

Trend Tendencia

27,134

Average Promedio

24,694

28,251

27,762

2012

23,273

2011 0

22,664

23,302

22,069

20,143

2010

17,635

24,410

23,420

2009

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

5

2017

th

world producer

22,069,254 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2008

Mexico

2012

In Mexico, the cultivation of this grass is one of the most important; its harvest is one of the most significant in the world.

world producer

27,762,481 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

The United States has the most extensive area for the cultivation of this grain.

Imports

Exports

Volume 15,432,216 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Value

million USD

The volume of grain maize imported by Mexico during 2017 reached a maximum historical volume again; mainly due to the purchase of yellow grain. The exported amount is similar to the previous year, with the white variety predominating in this commercial flow.

Trade balance

1,623,896 -13,808,320

2,620

395

-2,225

Imports

Exports

63.2

114

-4.3

121

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Mexico underwent a diversification of markets in its foreign trade of this grain. Between 2012 and 2017, the countries from which it bought the grain went from 5 to 13, and those to which it sold from 14 to 29. In 2017, 95.8% of the total purchased came from the United States, while 55.4% of the exports went to Venezuela.

EstadosStates Unidos United

Sinaloa 21.8

Japan is the largest importer of maize in the world, with an annual volume of 15.3 million tonnes. For Mexico, the opportunity lies on countries with a preference for white grains.

224,180,842*

Venezuela

Kenia Kenya

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Jalisco Estado de Mexico Michoacan Guanajuato Guerrero Chiapas Veracruz Chihuahua Puebla Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

22,069,254 3,646,875 3,235,189 1,575,300 1,801,965 1,217,706 1,304,133 1,404,680 1,275,318 1,113,012 1,002,278 4,492,799

27,762,481 6,167,096 4,024,864 2,219,616 1,911,239 1,642,835 1,357,557 1,296,940 1,268,916 1,201,125 1,027,726 5,644,568

Jalisco 14.8

Variation (%) 2012-2017

25.8 69.1 24.4 40.9 6.1 34.9 4.1 -7.7 -0.5 7.9 2.5 25.6

Estado de Mexico 8.2

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

It is ideal that maize grain has 14% moisture before storage.

Share in the national production of grains Area

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

336.7

336.6 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

7,541

213

7,328

27,762

100,206

3.8

3,609

-2.8 0.5

30.8 -13.8

-3.6 1.1

-1.7 4.7

0.5 2.5

1.9 3.5

2.2 -2.1

Decrease

100%

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

2,652

2,738

2,620

2,110

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

0 to 3,000 MASL

700 to 1,300 mm

18 to 24 °C

2,122

The cultivation of grain maize has adapted to the different edaphoclimatic conditions of the Mexican territory.

1,724 1,233

86.2%

Increase

2012

2017

87.8%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

20.6

5.1

0.8

1.6

8.5

9.7

3.4

2.1

1.1

4.6

18.1

24.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Edaphology Sandy-loamy, clay-loamy, silty-loamy soils, with more than 1 m in depth, pH of 5.5 - 7.5

2,384 2,058

National monthly production (%) The most significant harvests of this grain are obtained in the last two months of the year.

102

Supplier

Main

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

336.5

* USD

1,348

17.7

65.6

132

12.4

2008

2009

2010

2011

179

202

137

2012

2013

2014

204

2015

403

395

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.6 6.5 8.0 8.1 9.4 9.5 7.5 9.3 11.1 8.3 8.1 7.6

Exports

2.1 4.9 3.9 4.6 8.7 17.2 14.4 26.1 3.8 0.1 3.9 10.3

Grain maize production potential

103

Maize: positioning Mexico with flying colors Main producing states of white, yellow and other maize colors The genetic diversity of the maize grown in Mexico can be appreciated in the different shapes and sizes of the cobs, as well as in the variety of textures and colors of their grains. The 64 varieties of maize that exist in our country give us a range of colors that includes red, black and blue tones, but the highest production corresponds to white and yellow maize.

Destination of maize by color

Chihuahua

54.5% of white maize is produced in four states: Sinaloa, Jalisco, Estado de Mexico and Michoacan

Estado de Mexico

Michoacan 59.0% of the production of maize of other colors is concentrated in Estado de Mexico and Chiapas

Chiapas

Production percentage by type of maize in Mexico and in the world

Availability-Consumption Balance of white and yellow maize in Mexico

Yellow maize 7.0% Other colors 7.0%

White maize 10.0%

Livestock 77.2%

Human consumption 51.3%

Starch industry 16.3%

Livestock 18.9%

Self-consumption 2.6%

Self-consumption 20.3% Seeds 0.7% Waste 4.0%

Tamaulipas

Sinaloa Jalisco

The volume of white maize completely meets the national demand,and it is mainly used for human consumption. It has an enormous importance for nutrition and food security in our country. The production of yellow maize meets 24% of the national requirements; it is mainly used in the elaboration of industrial products and animal feed.

Exports 4.8%

80.0% of yellow maize production is generated in Chihuahua, Jalisco and Tamaulipas

Waste 1.6% Seeds 0.1

Mexico

At a global level, yellow maize has the highest percentage of sowed area and production volume, in contrast to Mexico, where white maize occupies the first place.

World

Yellow maize 90.0%

Importance of yellow maize in relation to other grains Crop Yellow maize Wheat Barley Soy Oats Paddy rice

Human consumption 2.2%

The cultivation of other colors of maize different to white and yellow is important to the economy, nutrition, culture and tourism of some states; Estado de Mexico and Chiapas stand out by their sowed surface and production obtained.

White maize 86.0%

Sowed surface (ha) 565,204.0 661,744.2 361,472.9 266,499.1 43,341.1 41,935.5

Production value (thousand MXN)*/ 10,632,658 13,288,954 4,250,574 3,036,243 289,151 1,094,048

*/ The value of yellow maize production is higher than the sum of those of barley, soy, oats and paddy rice.

Surface sowed with other colors of maize (ha) 15,000 11,086 10,000

8,019

6,855

5,000 2,020 Sources: SIAP, SAGARPA.

104

0.0

Mexico Chiapas Chihuahua Jalisco

1,936

1,076

992

Puebla Guerrero Michoacan

105

Mango

Mango

World ranking

5

During the last six years, the volume of mango harvest has increased on average 6% every year; this was a result of a larger area destined for its cultivation and better yields.

th

2012-2017 National production volume Guerrero is the main mango producer in the country, in 2017 the harvested volume exceeded 375,000 tonnes, which represented an income of 2.055 billion MXN for the state.

Tendencia Trend

1,835

Average Promedio

1,633

1,537

1,465

1,604

1,452

1,776

2012

2013

2014

2015

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

India, leading producer of this tropical fruit, contributes two of each five kilograms to the world harvest.

1,958,491 tonnes

2016

Volume (tonnes)

National total Guerrero Sinaloa Nayarit Chiapas Michoacan Oaxaca Jalisco Veracruz Colima Campeche Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

1,465,190 336,870 178,213 249,803 162,922 127,587 138,084 71,475 92,095 41,058 32,568 34,515

1,958,491 375,328 369,488 323,754 264,827 152,661 148,401 106,912 92,658 57,010 30,259 37,194

Exports

Volume tonnes

1,920

424,072

422,152

-34.2

46

Value

7

375

368

20.5

95.3 Decrease

France, Holland and the United Kingdom are among the nations that import the most mango; the consolidation of a greater national share in the purchases of those countries defines the future challenge.

302,346,575*

USA

2017

Japón Japan

Variation (%) 2012-2017

33.7 11.4 107 29.6 62.5 19.7 7.5 49.6 0.6 38.8 -7.1 7.8

Michoacan 11.2

The classification for mango exports according to their weight is determined by the amount of fruits that can be placed in a 10 pound (4.536 kg) box.

* USD

Lost

Harvested

375

Variations %

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

201

NA

189

1,958

7,434

10.4

3,796

4.2 1.5

NA NA

2.0 1.5

3.7 6.0

23.5 12.6

1.7 4.4

19.1 6.2

Does not apply

343

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 450 MASL

1,200 to 1,500 mm

24 to 27 °C

Deep soils of medium texture, well drained, pH of 6.0 - 8.0

350

Mexico has climatic advantages compared to Central America or South America because mango can be harvested during two seasons and not only in one, in addition to producing the most popular and demanded varieties worldwide.

100%

230 214 153 124

8.3%

Increase

2012

2017

8.8%

National monthly production (%) Eight out of ten mangoes are obtained between April and August.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Supplier

Main

Share in the national production of fruits

Thousand hectares

12.4 kg

Guerrero 27.6

Buyer

Area

12.5

Chiapas 17.5

(Mexican exports)

Sown

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

2.2

6.2

7.7

12.4

16.2

20.4

16.8

12.0

3.5

1.0

0.7

0.9

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

106

Imports

Among the 41 nations that bought Mexican mango in 2017, the volumes of the United States and Canada stand out, with 367,000 and 43,000 tonnes respectively. The expansion of the sales scope of the fruit is evident as in 2012 it was only exported to 19 countries.

Canadá Canada

Annual per capita consumption

12.3

Trade balance

Commercial origin-destination

Main producing states State

Exports

Increase

Top 10 in production volume Rank

Imports

million USD

The growing national production of this tropical fruit enables the rising rate of its exports to continue. Between 2012 and 2017, the foreign sale of mango increased by 27,000 tonnes per year.

1,958

1,509

2011 0

1,888

1,717

1,654

2010

2017

th

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes)

2009

4

world producer

1,465,190 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2008

Mexico

2012

Mexican fruit harvesting generates 5 out of every 100 tonnes of mango grown on the planet.

192 160

96.2 2.2

2.3

2.3

2.9

5.8

5.6

4

5.1

5.5

7

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 18.6 13.2 14.7 3.0 4.9 3.2 5.4 2.9 1.8 0.4 6.5 25.4 0.7 2.7 8.4 10.2 14.7 17.1 18.2 17.2 8.5 1.3 0.6

0.4

Mango production potential

107

Apple

Apple

World ranking

29

The decrease in area devoted to apple orchards determines an annual decrease of 0.4%; however, during the 2012-2017 period, the harvested volume of apple had a 13.7% average yearly increase.

th

(thousand tonnes)

In 2017, the volume of apple obtained in Chihuahua generated an income for the producers of 5.56 billion MXN.

791

Average Promedio

2013

750

2014

2015

714

2012

717

859

375

2011 0

717

2010

631

561 2009

585

512

642

2008

2016

2017

world producer

714,149 tonnes

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

284,110

931

-283,179

20

223

Value

259

1.1

-257.9

-1.7

51.6 Increase

Decrease

In 2017,twelve nations supplied apples to Mexico, with the purchase made to the United States standing out: 279,000 tonnes, for which 252.3 million USD were paid. In 2012, this fruit was purchased from seven countries.

Germany leads the global foreign purchase of this fruit when fresh, with 747,000 tonnes; while Spain leads on dry apple purchases, with 19,000 tonnes.

Puebla 2.3 Argentina

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

2017

375,045 207,139 34,107 61,137 36,752 9,221 6,457 3,653 4,084 3,768 1,621 7,106

714,149 589,227 36,773 32,652 22,653 9,431 3,967 3,411 3,270 3,238 2,395 7,132

Variation (%) 2012-2017

90.4 184 7.8 -46.6 -38.4 2.3 -38.6 -6.6 -19.9 -14.1 47.7 0.4

* USD

Buyer

To obtain a dehydrated slice of this fruit, it must undergo an artificial drying process that takes between eight and twelve hours; at the end of the process it will only retain 10% moisture.

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares 8.0

8.2

8.1 kg

308

2012-2017 Indicators Area

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

58

NA

54

714

6,231

13.3

8,725

-1.7 -1.3

NA NA

-1.2 -1.7

-0.4 13.7

33.7 15.7

0.8 15.7

34.2 1.7

Does not apply

Decrease

100%

263

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

1,300 to 2,200 MASL

1,000 to 1,500 mm

-10 to 10 °C

Soils with a minimum depth of 50 cm, pH of 5.5 - 6.0

259

248

The ideal geographical conditions for apple production are found mainly in the Sierra Madre del Sur, although it is in the north of the country where most of the national production is obtained.

245

209

202

216 187

2.1%

Increase

Mostly available

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

166

2012

2017

3.2%

National monthly production (%) The greatest harvests from Mexican apple orchards are carried out from August to October.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of fruits

Average rural price

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

Moderately available

Least or not available

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

1.2

24.5

53.8

13.2

6.7

0.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

108

Trade balance

Commercial origin-destination

Main producing states

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Exports

The significant consumption of this pomaceous fruit in Mexico leads to the acquisition of surplus volumes from other countries. In 2017, the country disbursed 259 million USD for the foreign purchase of apple.

Belize

Top 10 in production volume

Imports

million USD

USAUnidos Estados

Durango 2.4

National total Chihuahua Puebla Durango Coahuila Veracruz Nuevo Leon Zacatecas Hidalgo Chiapas Sonora Rest

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Half of the apples harvested in the world come from China's orchards.

569,884*

Rank

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Chihuahua 89.2

Trend Tendencia

20

2017

th

world producer

375,045 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexico has 1% of the apple orchards by area in the world, where one out of every 100 apples that are harvested in the orb is obtained.

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.7

0.7

1

0.8

0.7

2.2

1.1

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.0 8.0 11.3 9.0 11.7 11.7 9.5 6.6 4.3 6.0 6.9 7.0 5.1 7.4 19.3 15.1 8.1

3.7 3.4

2.8 4.4 7.4 4.2 19.1

Apple production potential

109

GEO-REFERENCED APPLE REGISTER

GEO-REFERENCED REGISTERS

The SIAP in coordination with the UNIFRUT have joined efforts for the elaboration of the apple register of the state of Chihuahua, which will allow to know –among other aspects– the production and yield of the crops and, thus, design public policies that favor and encourage the production and national consumption of this fruit.

The importance of having Geo-referenced registers lies on the fact that their results allow to answer four main questions, among others: Whose is it?, Where is it?, How much is it? and In what condition is it?, and thereby contribute to the creation of public policies aimed at the development of the primary sector.

Agreement

Sonora, grape crops

Chihuahua, nut crops

Legal instrument for the purpose of joining efforts and resources for the preparation of the register

Oaxaca, coffee crops

Analysis

Chiapas, palm crops

Of the statistical and geographical information available for its integration to a Geographic Information System

Processing Jalisco, agave crops

1

5

Michoacán, avocado crops

4

2

METHODOLOGY

3

Elaboration of registers

FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHING INFORMATION SERVICE

Source: SIAP.

110

SELECTION OF CROPS Agave Avocado Coffee Nuts Palm Grape

Delimitation of the border of the crop with the use of satellite images and remote sensing techniques

COLLABORATION AGREEMENT The SIAP and SAGARPA combine actions and resources for the elaboration of the registers

GATHERING OF INFORMATION Geo-referencing in the field with GPS equipment and gathering of information associated with the crop

Collection

PUBLICATION OF FINDINGS Through printed and digital media, the SIAP and SAGARPA disseminate the information generated in the process

Verification/ Validation

Source: SIAP. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FISHING AND FOOD

Publication

Geo-referencing in field with GPS equipment and gathering of production variables

Review of field information for its integration

Presentation and dissemination of results through printed and digital media

FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHING INFORMATION SERVICE

111

Cantaloupe

Cantaloupe

World ranking

11

th

Even though the area sown with cantaloupe was smaller, improved yields allowed for an increase of 1.9% in 2017 production over the previous year.

Sonora 23.1

(thousand tonnes)

In 2017, the national production of this fruit generated a value of 2.947 billion MXN. Sonora, Guerrero and Coahuila together contribute 62.5%.

Coahuila 18.5

Trend Tendencia

583

Average Promedio

2013

2014

605

2012

594

2011 0

2015

2016

2017

605,134 tonnes

China contributes just over half of the world volume of melon.

12

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

32,285

137,458

105,173

72.2

2.4

Value

10.7

38.9

28.2

69.9

10.6

million USD

The country's cantaloupe foreign trade has two sides: on average, it imports 26,000 tonnes (mainly of the North American variety), and exports 140,000 (of the Honeydew, Muskmelon and North American varieties) per year.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The United States is the country with which Mexico trades most of this fruit. During the 2012-2017 period, the number of buyer countries increased from one to three, while supplier countries went from seven to twelve.

Reino Unido United Kingdom

32,853,224*

562

556

2010

527

559

2009

562

547

2008

574

574

566

world producer

2017

th

world producer

574,213 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state 2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

There are 96 countries in which this agricultural good is grown. Together, they generate just over 31 million tonnes. Mexico harvests 2% of said volume.

USA

Japón Japan

Global cantaloupe exports exceed 2 million tonnes annually. Of that amount, Holland and France buy the second and third largest volumes, which represents an opportunity for the Mexican fruit.

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Coahuila Sonora Michoacan Guerrero Durango Colima Chihuahua Oaxaca Jalisco Baja California Sur Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

574,213 134,176 106,684 100,025 80,488 63,443 12,346 24,768 23,326 7,657 2,188 19,113

605,134 152,390 106,125 102,573 98,735 54,162 27,481 23,005 16,882 6,258 6,095 11,427

Variation (%) 2012-2017

5.4 13.6 -0.5 2.5 22.7 -14.6 123 -7.1 -27.6 -18.3 179 -40.2

Buyer

On average, North American Cantaloupes range in weight from two to six pounds.

Share in the national production of fruits Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

4 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

20

0.1

20

605

2,947

30.9

4,870

-4.5 -1.2

-89.4 -40.1

-2.4 -0.6

1.9 1.1

-0.2 5.3

4.4 1.6

-2.1 4.2

Decrease

43.5

46.2

40.9 37.7

41.1

33.5

36.9

100%

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

Up to 1,000 MASL

600 to 1,200 mm

25 to 30 °C

Medium-textured soils with low acidity, pH of 7.0 - 7.5

38.9

35.2

The production is concentrated in Coahuila; however, some regions of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon and Sinaloa have adequate geographical characteristics for the production of cantaloupe.

10.7

3.3%

Increase

2012

2017

2.7%

National monthly production (%) The harvest periods of this fruit make the national supply of cantaloupe possible throughout the whole year.

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

9.7

5.9

20.1

8.9

7.2

8.3

7.3

9.6

9.1

5.4

5.4

3.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

112

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

45.6

Area

4.1

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

3.9

* USD

Guerrero 20.8

9.1

7.7

7.1

2008

2009

2010

11.7

2011

11.8 6.3

6.1

2012

2013

2014

6.8

8.4

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 4.2 4.6 4.1 40.5 36.2 9.9 0.3 0.0 5.8 6.3 5.6 8.7 20.8 5.8 0.9

0.1 0.0 10.1 24.8 11.1

Cantaloupe production potential

113

Orange

Orange

World ranking

In 2017, orange production reached a new historical high. Even though the orange groves' area only grew by 90 hectares compared to the 335,000 of the previous year, the increase in harvested volume reported 26,505 additional tonnes.

5

th

5

Veracruz is the greatest producer of this fruit in the country; about 50% of the harvested volume is obtained from the fields of this state. In 2017, it obtained slightly more than 3.78 billion for the commercialization of this fruit.

(thousand tonnes)

Trend Tendencia

4,641

Average Promedio

2017

th

world producer

3,666,790 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexican fruit producers contribute 6 out of every 100 tonnes of orange harvested orange in the world.

world producer

Nuevo Leon 10.6

4,629,758 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

4,193

4,052

4,080

3,667

4,410

4,533

4,516

4,603

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

28,410,423*

4,630

4,297

2011 0

USA

2017

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

16,553

75,644

59,092

-53.4

245

Value

7.7

30.4

22.7

-27

413 Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

United Kingdom Reino Unido

2010

Imports

million USD

Among the citruses that Mexico offers abroad, the volume of orange represents a share of 9%. The fruit registered a historical maximum in exported amount and value in 2017. Also, orange juice, its main derivative, recorded outstanding levels of foreign sales: 228 million liters and 540 million USD.

Tamaulipas 16.1

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Brazil, the leading producer of this fruit, contributes 1 out of every 4 tonnes of the global volume.

95% of the exports are destined for the regional markets of the United States. The fruit is also marketed with distant nations such as Japan, the United Kingdom and Israel, to name a few. In 2012, the fruit was exported to eight nations, and in 2017, to nine.

4,298

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Japón Japan

Veracruz 43.8

The three largest importers of orange are Holland with purchases of 600,000 tonnes, France with 516,000 and Germany with 452,000.

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Veracruz Tamaulipas San Luis Potosi Nuevo Leon Puebla Sonora Yucatan Tabasco Hidalgo Oaxaca Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

3,666,790 1,789,224 522,573 324,213 204,750 219,546 142,985 153,595 77,926 35,457 56,800 139,719

4,629,758 2,331,660 669,512 368,136 335,109 239,340 178,182 146,134 93,422 60,532 54,438 153,294

Variation (%) 2012-2017

26.3 30.3 28.1 13.5 63.7 9.0 24.6 -4.9 19.9 70.7 -4.2 9.7

* USD

Buyer

Around 73% of the total volume of a fresh orange is edible; the rest corresponds to the peel and seeds.

Lost

Volume Harvested

Thousand hectares

36.9

37 kg

Variations %

335 37.1

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

NA

0.03 0.1

NA NA

321

2.0 -0.2

Value Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

4,630

8,622

14.4

1,862

0.6 4.8

9.2 7.4

-1.4 4.9

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 750 MASL

1,200 to 2,000 mm

20 to 25 °C

Permeable and slightly chalky soils, pH of 5.5 - 6.0

19.5

Chiapas and Nayarit have regions with the optimal conditions to enhance the production of oranges.

10.5 8.4 7 6.2

20.9%

Increase

2012

2017

20.8%

6.6

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

10.6

15.3

18.7

13.6

6.5

6.2

2.3

2.7

2.2

6.9

8.2

6.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

5.6

2009

6.9

5.6

5

2010

2011

3.4

2008

This citrus is marketed all year long, although 48% of the annual production is obtained from February to April.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

17.7

8.5 2.5

Decrease

19.6

100%

Average rural price

Yield

Thousand tonnes

Does not apply

114

30.4

Share in the national production of fruits Area

Sown

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

8.3

8.4

9.5

9.5

7.7

5.9

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.0 13.7 17.1 12.5 8.6 6.5 4.6 7.2 6.7 1.8 5.1 6.2

Exports

7.0 9.1 12.6 11.4 15.8 11.9 7.7 4.4 2.0 4.0 4.9 9.2

Orange production potential

115

Nopal

Nopal 2012-2017 Foreign trade

The area destined to the cultivation of nopal in 2017 reached 12,731 hectares, which generated a volume that exceeded 829,000 tonnes of this vegetable.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

862

Morelos generates about half of the total volume of nopal. In 2017, the state obtained an income higher than 560 million MXN for its sale.

Average Promedio

811

829

2012

813

2011 0

825

2010

787

724

2009

857

744

2008

777

683

785

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2017

Volume tonnes

1

49,663

49,662

NA

70.7

Value

.0004

16

16

NA

68.2

Does not apply

Increase

The internationalization of this Mexican cactaceous is shown by the expansion of the coverage of buyer nations: in 2012, it was exported to six countries, while in 2017 it reached fifteen.

República Checa Czech Republic

Several European and Asian countries have incipient purchases of this Mexican vegetable.

Corea del Sur South Korea

856,543 341,642 336,883 81,345 12,912 22,363 6,713 17,157 7,150 10,230 4,032 16,118

829,468 375,437 203,843 90,737 31,904 31,124 21,623 14,667 12,680 9,581 8,090 29,782

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-3.2 9.9 -39.5 11.5 147 39.2 222 -14.5 77.4 -6.3 101 84.8

Buyer

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

The most common size of this vegetable when sold is from 15 to 20 cm long, with an average weight of 100 grams per piece.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 16 14

Share in the national production of vegetables

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

6.3 kg

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Area

6.4

* USD

Mexico City 23.3

Annual per capita consumption

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

13

NA

12

829

1,742

68.7

2,100

0.9 0.4

NA NA

-1.3 -0.1

2.3 -0.6

-15.5 4.5

3.6 -0.6

-17.4 5.1

Does not apply

Decrease

12.7

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 2,600 MASL

Up to 400 mm

18 to 26 °C

Sandy and clay soils with high salt contents, pH of 6.5 - 8.5

100% 9.5

The largest production of nopal is located in the central zone of Mexico; however, the geographic conditions of Chihuahua, Coahuila and Durango can also be exploited for its growth.

9.4 8

3.7

3.6 4.1

6.9%

Increase

2012

2017

Mostly available

Moderately available

2.9

5.1%

National monthly production (%) The largest crops of this vegetable are obtained during the second quarter of the year.

Least or not available

2.6

12.0

10.0

18.3

11.7

10.7

7.3

6.0

4.5

4.6

5.1

7.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

116

Exports

Morelos 32.6

2012

6.2

Imports

Estado de Mexico 11.9

Volume (tonnes)

National total Morelos Mexico City Estado de Mexico Puebla Jalisco Michoacan Baja California Tamaulipas Aguascalientes Zacatecas Rest

Trade balance

Commercial origin-destination

USA

Main producing states State

Exports

million USD

The volume of nopal exported by Estado de Mexico reached its highest peak in 2017: 49,663 tonnes. An opportunity for generating higher income from its international sale is found in the commercialization of processed vegetable, instead of fresh.

15,809,152*

Top 10 in production volume Rank

Imports

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0.0004

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 8.0 12.1 8.8 8.3

7.6 8.2

8.1 7.5 8.9 7.7

7.8

Nopal production potential

117

Nuts

Nuts

World ranking

During the 2012-2017 period, nut production registered steady growth. In the last year, the harvests of walnut trees reported a volume that exceeds 147,000 tonnes of the fruit, which is a reflection of the increased area sown with this crop.

5

2012-2017 National production volume

Sonora 12.9

(thousand tonnes)

Chihuahua is by far the largest producer of this product in the country, and during 2017, its production of almost 93,000 tonnes generated revenue for 7.45 billion MXN.

Coahuila 11.1

149

Average Promedio

2013

2014

2015

2016

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017 Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

24,448

64,474

40,026

122

36.2

Value

135

610

475

263

119

million USD

This fruit ranks 13 among the agri-food goods of Mexico that generate the most foreign currency for their sale abroad, mainly for the pecan variety. Imports of the fruit are made in periods during which the national harvest is minimal or null. th

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, the nuts that Mexico bought abroad came from 10 different countries, while sales were made to 17 nations. Six years before, it was purchased from 9 and sold to 13. Most of the Mexican foreign trade of this fruit takes place with the United States. In the world, Turkey is the largest importer of shelled nuts (59,000 tonnes annually), while Germany leads the purchase of unshelled nuts (31,000 tonnes).

556,625,875*

USA

147

111 2012

142

96 2011 0.0

123

77 2010

126

115 2009

107

80

112

2008

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Chihuahua 65.3

Tendencia Trend

147,198 tonnes

In an area of 487,000 hectares, China generates almost 48% of the total production of nuts in the world.

5

th

world producer

110,605 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

There are 54 nut producing countries; among them Mexico appears in one of the first places by volume, which represents 3.8% of the global total.

Hong Kong Vietnam

2017

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Chihuahua Sonora Coahuila Durango Nuevo Leon Hidalgo San Luis Potosi Estado de Mexico Aguascalientes Oaxaca Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

110,605 60,031 17,147 15,003 6,549 6,080 2,751 568 197 369 478 1,432

147,198 92,939 19,715 15,955 8,456 4,534 2,584 852 401 391 362 1,010

Variation (%) 2012-2017

33.1 54.8 15.0 6.3 29.1 -25.4 -6.1 49.9 104 6.0 -24.3 -29.5

* USD

Lost

Volume Harvested

Thousand hectares Variations %

123 1

0.9 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

NA

7.8 4.6

NA NA

90

8.0 5.3

Value

Yield

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

147

11,407

1.6

77,494

16.6 19.0 Does not apply

-3.9 0.6

405

172 93.8

0.6%

2012

Increase

2017

0.7%

National monthly production (%) Nut harvests are practically entirely generated during the last months of the year.

Mostly available

Least or not available

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.3

0.7

19.2

32.8

47.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

118

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 1,800 MASL

0 to 800 mm

19 to 29 °C

Soils with medium to heavy texture, pH of 6.5 - 7.5

610

278

12.3 12.4

Decrease

666

100%

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

3.8 5.9

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Share in the national production of fruits Area

Sown

Supplier

Main

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

0.8

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

Pecan is the main variety grown in Mexico; its shell, known as "paper husk", represents between 45 and 50% of its weight.

464

There are parts of the Bajio region, north of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas with favorable geographical conditions for the production of nuts.

270

200 132

17.4

15.8

18.6

25.8

37.3

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

76

85.8

2013

2014

116

133

135

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 15.6 13.6 13.6 7.8 8.7 8.3 12.1 4.0 9.0 3.3 1.5 2.5

Exports

10.9 5.3 6.2 4.7 5.6 4.6 3.8 3.5 4.5 13.0 17.5 20.4

Nut production potential

119

Potato

Potato

World ranking

From the twenty-two states that produced the tuber in 2017, a dozen of them show a decrease in their production volume, which caused a 4.5% reduction of the national potato harvest compared to the previous year.

34

th

(thousand tonnes)

Sonora and Sinaloa are the main producers of potatoes in the country; during 2017, the volume of their crops generated a total income of 4.685 billion MXN. With smaller productions, Veracruz and Nuevo Leon obtained more than 1 billion MXN each for the commercialization of potato crops.

1,782

Average Promedio

1,670

1,500

1,537

1,433

1,802

1,630

1,679

1,727

1,797

1,715

1,649

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

world producer

1,715,499 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

The large area sown with potato in China allows it to be a leading producer of this tuber, although its yields are lower than the international average.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Sonora 24.5

Trend Tendencia

31

2017

st

world producer

1,801,618 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

The Mexican volume of this crop contributes five out of every thousand tonnes to the world harvest.

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

118,367

2,146

-116,221

31.4

31.7

Value

49.7

1.2

-48.5

29.2

58.2

million USD

Even though Mexico has a significant harvest of potato, the growing internal demand leads to the international purchase of this tuber; the volume acquired represents one tenth of the national consumption.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The largest volume of potatoes that Mexico imports comes from the United States; in 2017, the country acquired 118,000 tonnes for which it paid 49.2 million USD. The rest of the imported volume was purchased from seven other countries.

Global imports of the tuber reach over 12.5 million tonnes per year. The countries with the most significant purchases are: Belgium, Holland and Spain.

United Estados States Unidos

Sinaloa 17.0

1,206,582*

Belize Veracruz 10.0

Top 10 in production volume

Imports

Costa Rica

Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sonora Sinaloa Puebla Veracruz Estado de Mexico Nuevo Leon Baja California Sur Jalisco Chihuahua Michoacan Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

1,801,618 412,065 342,406 124,283 168,412 133,225 143,423 75,375 63,216 77,548 63,738 197,928

1,715,499 436,213 332,101 168,819 143,003 141,418 91,765 89,808 67,268 63,164 46,313 135,627

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-4.8 5.9 -3.0 35.8 -15.1 6.1 -36.0 19.1 6.4 -18.5 -27.3 -31.5

* USD

Buyer

Potato is an important part of the world food system; it is the fourth largest production in the world.

Share in the national production of tubers Area

Sown

Lost

Harvested

14.7

Variations %

Thousand hectares

14.9

14.8 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

59

0.05

59

1,715

11,273

29.0

6,571

-8.0 -3.0

-62.8 -51.6

-7.9 -2.5

-4.5 -1.0

4.2 1.1

3.7 1.5

9.1 2.1

Decrease

100%

Increase

95.9%

2012

2017

92.8%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

4.7

13.1

13.5

12.1

6.1

8.0

5.3

5.0

3.6

11.4

11.9

5.3

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

120

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

47.4

44.8

49.7 43.4

Edaphology

15 to 20 °C

Loamy sandy textured soils with high organic content, pH of 4.8 - 5.6

The areas with the best edaphoclimatic conditions are located on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, where Estado de Mexico, Puebla and Veracruz stand out in the production of potatoes.

38.4

38

Temperature

46

42.2 35.5

Rain

1,500 to 2,600 400 to 1,200 mm MASL

33.3

National monthly production (%) The availability of this tuber remains throughout the year; although the harvest volume is higher from January to March.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

0.8

0.7

0.8

0.6

0.8

0.6

0.9

0.5

0.7

1.2

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.9 7.4 7.9 7.2 8.5 7.5 7.2 8.4 8.4 9.5 9.4 10.7

Exports

9.1 5.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.0 12.3 9.7 12.4 11.5 11.3 16.9

Potato production potential

121

Papaya

Papaya

World ranking

th

2012-2017 National production volume

In 2017, there were 19 states that produced the fruit. Among them, Oaxaca, Colima and Chiapas, which obtained the highest income for its sale. Altogether, they obtained 3.195 billion MXN.

Trend Tendencia

988

Average Promedio

2015

962

2014

952

2013

884

2012

836

765

2011 0

713

2010

634

616

653

707

772

2009

3

world producer

2016

2017

Volume (tonnes)

National total Oaxaca Colima Chiapas Veracruz Michoacan Guerrero Campeche Jalisco Yucatan Tabasco Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

712,917 122,691 82,391 147,942 121,676 42,778 45,601 23,642 24,938 20,050 3,511 77,697

961,768 288,160 167,805 145,511 106,895 79,889 43,232 26,862 24,768 18,272 11,191 49,184

2012-2017

0.149

164,007 163,877

83.1

51.2

104

33.2

77

76.851

Increase

Alemania Germany

Variations %

Buyer

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Lost

Harvested

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

19

NA

17

962

4,948

57.7

5,145

-3.1 2.9

NA NA

-0.9 3.2

1.0 6.2

5.1 13.2

2.0 2.9

4.0 6.7

Decrease

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 91

Volume

Does not apply

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Chiapas 14.0

Oaxaca 31.4

81

Share in the national production of fruits

Thousand hectares

57.8

40.4

4.1%

2012

2017

4.3%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Moderately available

8.2

10.1

11.4

7.9

9.2

8.6

7.7

7.5

6.4

6.8

7.7

8.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 800 MASL

800 to 2,000 mm

21 to 33 °C

Loamy soils of medium texture and moderate depth, pH of 6.0 - 6.5

0

Oaxaca, Chiapas and Veracruz leverage their geographical conditions for the production of papaya.

60.6

44.4 40.9

35.5

Increase

86.7

77

100%

The national production of the fruit is harvested throughout the year, although a higher volume is obtained in February and March.

122

Value

million USD

Exports

Singapore and El Salvador rank second and third respectively among the nations that import more of this tropical fruit, and they do not purchase from Mexico.

The Maradol variety, of Cuban origin, is the most commonly sown variety in Mexico; the weight of a fruit with a quality seal ranges between 1.5 and 2.6 kilograms.

Sown

6.5 kg

130

Imports

* USD

Area

6.6

tonnes

Trade balance

The ever increasing acceptance of this Mexican fruit in the international market has allowed the number of buyer countries to double between 2012 and 2017, going from eight to sixteen. The United States is the main destination of this good, conducting the largest imports in the orb.

Colima 19.2

Variation (%) 34.9 135 104 -1.6 -12.1 86.8 -5.2 13.6 -0.7 -8.9 219 -36.7

Volume

Exports

USA

Annual per capita consumption

6.4

Imports

Commercial origin-destination

Canadá Canada 76,219,017*

Main producing states State

Variation (%) 2012-2017

There is no country with more international sales of papaya than Mexico; of the 361,000 annual tons exported in the world, the Mexican volume represents 45.1%. Likewise, the national foreign sale of this fruit in 2017 exceeded by 56,000 tonnes the one of six years earlier.

Top 10 in production volume Rank

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes)

2008

961,768 tonnes

The global production of the fruit amounts to slightly more than 13 million tonnes; India harvests 44% of said volume.

rd

world producer

712,917 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

5

The production of papaya during the 2012-2017 period increased at an average annual rate of 6.2%, reaching a historical maximum of the harvested volume in the last year: 961,768 tonnes of the fruit.

Mexican papaya harvests represent 7.3% of the total volume of this fruit in the world.

0

0

0.002

0.073

0.006

0

0.212

0.265

0.149

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5.7 0.2 16.9 13.8 10.0 1.5 0.0 1.5 17.2 19.4 6.9 6.9 9.0 8.9 11.5 9.8 11.9 10.4 9.2

5.7 5.5 6.0 5.5

6.6

Papaya production potential

123

Cucumber

Cucumber

World ranking

8 Baja California 13.1

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

Sinaloa and Sonora stand out as the states with the highest income obtained from the sale of cucumber; 1.780 and 1.114 billion MXN, respectively.

975

Average Promedio

641

637

708

818

886

956

477

425

434

502

648

2010

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2011 0

956,005 tonnes

With a visible advantage, Chinese agriculture leads the harvest of cucumber, contributing 77% to the international supply of this vegetable.

7

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Sonora 20.3

Trend Tendencia

2009

2017

th

world producer

640,508 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2008

2012

th

The national area sown with cucumber in 2017 had a coverage of 20,000 hectares, from which 956,000 tonnes were harvested.

The Mexican harvest of this plant of the Cucurbitacea family contributes 1 of each 100 tonnes to the volume generated globally.

Mexico

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

0

761,391

761,391

-100

41.1

Value

0

314

314

-100

101

million USD

In 2017, the exported national cucumber volume reached a historical peak once again, reaching 761,391 tonnes. The value generated from external sales places the vegetable in 18th place among the agri-food products that bring the most foreign currency to Mexico.

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

The North American market is the largest buyer of Mexican cucumber; in 2017, the United States acquired 754,806 tonnes and Canada 6,430. In the aforementioned year, the vegetable was exported to five countries, three more than in 2012.

Canada Canadá

Sinaloa 32.3

309,011,171*

USA

The United States performs the largest foreign purchases of this vegetable (882,000 tonnes in 2017). Mexico is its main supplier, although Germany also represents an ideal market for the sale of Mexican cucumber, since it is the second largest buyer in the world.

Costa Rica

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Sonora Michoacan Baja California Guanajuato Yucatan Morelos Zacatecas Jalisco Colima Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

640,508 283,329 65,146 79,304 43,863 7,710 36,632 25,927 17,783 12,587 9,547 58,680

956,005 329,501 192,379 107,694 55,189 47,904 35,515 35,394 27,898 22,327 18,552 83,651

Variation (%) 2012-2017

49.3 16.3 195 35.8 25.8 521 -3.0 36.5 56.9 77.4 94.3 42.6

* USD

Buyer

The common bitterness of cucumbers is generated by chemical compounds called “cucurbitacins”, which are believed to be part of the defense system of this vegetable against predation.

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

1.5

1.7

1.6 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

314

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

20

0.02

20

956

5,502

47.4

5,756

6.9 5.7

-92.1 -7.3

8.5 5.7

7.9 8.3

14.3 17.8

-0.6 2.5

5.9 8.8

Decrease

286

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

0 to 2,000 MASL

600 to 1,200 mm

6 to 38 °C

Edaphology Medium-depth loamy soils, pH of 5.5 - 6.8

243

100%

222 193

Chiapas, Nuevo Leon and Oaxaca have adequate geographical characteristics to enhance the production of cucumber.

156 131

138

138

0.003

0.0115

0

0.012

0.001

2.5

0

0

0.0004

0

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

91.5

Increase

5.2%

2012

2017

5.9%

National monthly production (%) More than half of the crops of this vegetable are harvested from January to April.

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

11.2

19.0

15.6

10.6

8.7

4.6

3.6

4.1

5.0

6.4

6.5

4.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

124

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Share in the national production of vegetables Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exports

11.6 11.1 10.1 8.7 10.3 5.8 5.6 4.1 3.8 6.6 11.2 11.1

Cucumber production potential

125

Pear

Pear

World ranking

In 2017, the harvested volume of pear was close to 28,000 tonnes: 3.6% higher than the previous year. The volumes generated by Puebla and Michoacan stand out.

42

nd

(thousand tonnes)

Puebla harvests the highest volume of pear and Michoacan receives the highest income from this fruit’s sales: 46 million MXN during 2017.

Trend Tendencia

27

Promedio Average

2009

2010

2011 0.0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes) 2017

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

69,354

64

-69,291

-28.3

183

Value

73.6

0.082

-73.518

-17.7

121

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Of the volume of pear acquired by Mexico, 93.6% comes from the United States, another 4.4% from Argentina and the remaining 2% from four other nations. In 2012, pear was imported from four countries.

USA

81,997* Belize

21,573 7,094 5,712 465 4,924 535 1,094 10 529 258 155 797

27,929 11,364 9,257 2,049 2,010 635 570 450 304 275 236 781

Variation (%) 2012-2017

29.5 60.2 62.1 341 -59.2 18.6 -47.9 4,479 -42.5 6.6 52.1 -2.0

Michoacan 36.3

Buyer

Of the different varieties of this fruit consumed in Mexico, D ‘Anjou, Williams and French Butter pears are the most preferred.

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

0.8 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

4

NA

4

28

128

6.7

4,582

-2.0 -1.0

NA NA

-0.9 0.5

3.6 5.3

5.6 15.3

4.6 4.8

1.9 9.5

Does not apply

Decrease

100%

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

98.4

97.8

89.5

81.1

85

80

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

Above 2,000 MASL

800 to 1,200 mm

20 to 22 °C

Medium textured soils with clay tendencies, silty soils with good drainage, pH of 5.8 -7.1

Mountain regions of Jalisco, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas have favorable conditions for the development of pear plantations.

73.6

67.9 55.3 48

0.1%

Increase

2012

2017

0.1%

National monthly production (%) The largest volume of fruit is obtained during the August-October period.

Supplier

Main

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of fruits

Area

0.9

* USD

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

0.1

0.2

0.2

1.9

4.3

7.7

11.1

25.2

20.7

22.8

3.8

2.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

126

Exports

Puebla 25.5

2012

0.7

Imports

million USD

Even when the national harvests of this fruit are on the rise, its imports showed a slight rebound: in 2017, 69,354 tonnes were acquired.

2017

Main producing states National total Puebla Michoacan Veracruz Morelos Durango Mexico Chiapas Chihuahua Mexico City Oaxaca Rest

Variation (%) 2012-2017

With a significant participation, pear trees in China generate 70.9% of the fruit globally.

At the international level, 2.7 million tonnes of pear are traded every year; of that volume, 271,000 are acquired by the Russian Federation.

Top 10 in production volume State

27,929 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Veracruz 14.3

Rank

world producer

28

27

25

24

24

22

25

25

21

25

25

2008

38

2017

th

world producer

21,573 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

One out of every hundred pears available in the world are the result of Mexican fruit farming.

0.079

0.042

0.043

0.037

0.037

0.051

0.067

0.037

0.048

0.082

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.2 9.9 9.5 8.4 9.0 7.6 9.5 5.8 7.4 9.2 8.5 7.0

Exports

2.7 6.6 9.6 8.0 7.2 5.9 5.5 4.3 7.1 7.3 8.9 26.9

Pear production potential

127

Pineapple

Pineapple

World ranking

Between 2012 and 2017, the yields obtained from the pineapple sown area helped sustain the growing annual trend of 4.5% in volume.

9

th

9

(thousand tonnes)

2017

th

world producer

759,976 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

world producer

945,210 tonnes

Mexican crops contributes 3.4% of the world production of this tropical fruit.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

The harvest of pineapples around the world reaches a volume close to 26 million tonnes; Costa Rica has a share of 11.4% of the total.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Two thirds of the production of this agricultural good correspond to Veracruz, leading state in volume and revenue from its sale.

Trend Tendencia

921

Average Promedio

792

718

749

702

743

760

772

817

840

876

945

600

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

811

88,129

87,317

-22.7

56.1

Value

1.6

42.4

40.8

18.7

77.3

million USD

Geographical proximity and availability of the harvest throughout the year are factors that explain the level of the volume that Mexico exports to the largest importer of the fruit in the world: the United States.

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

The national volume of pineapple allowed greater surpluses for its exports, and in turn, the expansion of the territories where the fruit is sold: 23 countries in 2017, versus 8 in 2012.

Canadá Canada

Holland and Germany rank second and third in the imports of pineapple, with 284,000 and 145,000 annual tonnes, respectively. Mexico could increase its sales of this fruit to those nations.

Países Bajos Netherlands

41,909,270*

USA

Nayarit 5.2

Top 10 in production volume

Veracruz 68.0

Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Veracruz Oaxaca Tabasco Nayarit Quintana Roo Jalisco Colima Chiapas Campeche Guerrero Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

759,976 538,749 103,116 47,506 27,376 10,920 10,134 16,050 5,332 0 763 31

945,210 604,929 130,437 56,456 46,445 36,521 33,490 26,960 7,667 1,439 551 316

Variation (%) 2012-2017

24.4 12.3 26.5 18.8 69.7 234 230 68.0 43.8 NA -27.7 918

* USD Oaxaca 10.4

In Mexico, this fruit is classified into three categories according to its weight for its commercialization: “A”, “B” and “C”. The weight in kilograms for each of these classifications is: over 1.5, from 1 to 1.5 and less than 1, respectively.

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Volume Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

6.9 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

43

NA

20

945

3,966

47.2

4,196

-0.3 2.8

NA NA

2.6 2.5

7.9 4.5

21.0 11.8

5.1 1.9

12.1 7.1

Decrease

25.7

23.9

22.8

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

1,000 to 1,500 mm

25 to 27 °C

Sandy and sandy-clay soils, pH from 4.5 to 5.5

Due to their geographical characteristics, Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas and Campeche have optimal conditions to foster the production of pineapple.

24.8 20.7

17.5

16.9

4.3%

Increase

2012

2017

4.2%

National monthly production (%) The largest amounts of this fruit are collected between June and August.

42.4

37.9

Altitude Below 800 MASL

100%

Average rural price

Yield

Thousand tonnes

Does not apply

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

8.2

7.6

10.0

9.8

7.6

12.1

12.7

10.7

5.2

6.6

5.5

4.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

128

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Share in the national production of fruits Area

7.0

Supplier

Main

43.9

Annual per capita consumption

6.8

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

0.3

0.4

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.1

0.9

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2.3

1.6

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2.2 12.6 6.3 6.4 4.2 13.4 7.6 11.9 0.4 10.9 8.4 7.9 12.5 6.3 13.0 13.1 1.5 1.5 6.0 3.5 18.3 13.6 12.9 5.6

Exports

5.2 5.3 7.3 4.3 3.4 6.2 9.3 4.7 5.9 4.3 5.7 4.1 5.7 6.9 6.2 13.2 15.3 15.7 14.8 9.9 13.0 13.3 12.5 7.8

Pineapple production potential

129

Banana

Banana

World ranking

The volume of banana obtained in 2017 was 6.5% lower compared to the previous year; mainly due to a fall in yields across eight producing states.

12

th

(thousand tonnes)

Chiapas obtains the highest production of the fruit, but Tabasco’s selling prices place it as the leader in revenue derived from its sale.

Average Promedio

2,151

2,232

2,103

2,139

2,204

2,128

2,151

2,262

2,385

2,230

2,198

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Variation (%) 2012-2017

India contributes a quarter of the world production of bananas.

2,229,519 tonnes

National total Chiapas Tabasco Veracruz Colima Jalisco Michoacan Guerrero Oaxaca Nayarit Puebla Rest

2012

2017

2,203,861 778,869 554,374 282,132 143,410 98,108 140,621 70,618 59,911 42,387 26,585 6,847

2,229,519 688,900 599,504 206,883 178,487 173,503 160,376 79,576 66,376 33,840 30,440 11,634

Variation (%)

Colima 9.3

2012-2017

1.2 -11.6 8.1 -26.7 24.5 76.8 14.0 12.7 10.8 -20.2 14.5 69.9

Japan

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

13.4 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

80

NA

77

2,230

6,966

28.9

3,124

0.3 1.3

NA NA

-1.4 1.2

-6.5 0.2

2.0 3.8

-5.2 -1.0

9.1 3.6

Does not apply

Decrease

Supplier

Main

Exports

Volume tonnes

126

577,976

577,850

7.5

86.8

Value

0.505

260

259.495

201

113 Increase

The international trade of this fruit totals more than 21 million tonnes per year. Mexico provides banana to several of the countries with the most significant purchases, including Germany, with whom it could increase its sales volume.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 260 196

Share in the national production of fruits

Thousand hectares 13.5

Buyer

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

13.3

Netherlands

(Mexican exports)

For its sale, the fruit is packed into cardboard boxes with a capacity of between 12 and 15 kilograms each, requiring a temperature of approximately 14 °C for its transportation.

Area

Imports

* USD Chiapas 23.9

Annual per capita consumption

Trade balance

Mexico’s sanitary conditions in the plantations and its volumes of organic farming have favored the increase in the number of destinations for the external sale of this good, which went from 18 to 37 during the 2012-2017 period.

Tabasco 30.9

Volume (tonnes)

State

Exports

Commercial origin-destination

USA

Main producing states

Imports

million USD

Mexico could climb to 9 world place in exported banana volume if its foreign sales growth rate prevails. The Mexican amount sold abroad in 2017 was 1.8 times that of 2012.

172,653,413*

Top 10 in production volume

169

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 800 MASL

700 to 1,000 mm

25 to 30 °C

Loamy, clay, alluvial, ventilated and drained soils, pH of 6.0 - 7.5

181

151

100%

Nayarit and Sinaloa have optimal geographical conditions to increase the productive potential of banana plantations.

122

54.8

12.6%

Increase

2012

2017

10.0%

National monthly production (%) Mexican banana plantations generate a volume that allows a steady supply throughout the whole year.

Moderately available

7.7

8.9

8.4

7.4

8.3

9.5

8.9

8.2

7.8

8.4

8.5

8.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

130

2012-2017 Foreign trade

th

2,283

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

world producer

2012 -2017 Foreign trade Trend Tendencia

Rank

12

2017

th

world producer

2,203,861 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexican banana plantations contribute 1 of every 50 kilos to the international supply of banana.

62.2 61.1

29.5 0.016

0.255

0.305

0.222

0.168

0.326

0.355

0.321

0.294

0.505

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 20.9 0.0 19.6 0.7 3.1 4.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 21.0 6.9 22.6

Exports

6.3 7.5 9.0 9.0 9.5 8.2 7.6 8.3 8.6 9.2 9.5 7.3

Banana production potential

131

BANANA: tropical fruit of popular consumption

ONE MEXICAN WOMAN USED TO SELL FRUIT… Mexican agriculture produces a great diversity of fruits in 1.6 million hectares of orchards in which around 20.5 million tonnes are harvested annually. This volume has excellent acceptance in the national and international markets. Fresh, dried, canned or juiced, Mexican fruit is an excellent food supplement.

The banana, a tropical fruit of daily consumption in many countries, is characterized by its thick skin, yellow color (when ripe in its main varieties) and easy detachment. On the inside it is composed of a white or yellowish pulp. For commercial purposes, there are different identification groups: Cavendish, Gros Michel, Ibota and Pome among others.

6

th

2016 Banana production by country

Country

Tonnes

Ranking

World

113,280,305

India

29,124,000

1st

China

13,066,778

2nd

Indonesia

7,007,125

3rd

Brazil

6,764,324

4

Ecuador

6,529,676

5

Philippines

5,829,142

6th

Angola

3,858,066

7th

Guatemala

3,775,150

8

Tanzania

3,559,639

9th

Rwanda

3,037,962

10th

Costa Rica

2,409,543

11th

Mexico

2,384,778

12

Colombia

2,043,668

13th

Vietnam

1,941,935

14th

Egypt

1,341,478

15th

Rest

20,607,041

NA

2017 Main fruits grown in Mexico

Main varieties of banana in Mexico

(tonnes) Exports

Production

th th

According to the variety of the fruit, its weight may vary between 80 and 200 grams; from this mass, 20% corresponds to the banana peel and 80% to its pulp.

Dominico

Grand Naine

Tabasco variety is the most preferred among consumers, for which 12.26 MXN per kilogram are paid.

th

Plantain

Tabasco

8

9,75

4,62

644

Oran

768

1

3,39

2,51

729

,65

0

164

,00

7

210

945,

9

9,51

2,22

Lime

ge

961,

th

75,

World producer of fruits 4th Fruit exporter 577

6

Bana

129

149

714,

1,0

03,

002

CO

,491

8 1,95

,07

130 countries have

Pinea p

436

931

658,

Apple

ple

banana plantations. India and China generate slightly over 37% of theavailable supply of tthis fruit in the world.

873

22,

441,

Grap

932

efrui

t

889

415,

195

,89

9

666

324,

Grap

Straw

berry

399

12,

270,

528

670

,28

4

Wate rme

lon

283

,41

9

134

605,

137

,45

8

Canta

www.siap.gob.mx

70,

16

086

2 198,

232

470,

Prick ly

loupe

Av. Benjamín Franklin 146, Colonia Escandón, Miguel Hidalgo, México D.F., C.P. 11800, Tel. 01 (55) 3871 8500

Black

Guav a

e

2

8

1,50

1,33

o

2017 Municipal surface with banana plantations in Chiapas

The leaves of the banana tree are used in regional gastronomy and traditional medicine. In recent years, its commercialization in international markets has become important. In the case of Mexico, the exported volume in 2017 was greater than 190 tonnes.

20,

789

17,

054

Pear

198

147,

64,

474

Nuts

Cocon

berry

ut

Las Margaritas 184

120,

Among the less popular fruits harvested in Mexico, the following stand out:

No surface 5 to 176 ha

219 municipalities in 19 states are banana producers. Chiapas is the leading producer of the fruit, 37 of its municipalities with the plantation generated together 689,000 tonnes, which represent 30.9% of the total national volume.

213 to 620 ha 1,252 to 2,564 ha More than 3,350 ha

Suchiate Source: SIAP with data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO.

132

424

Avoca d

na

88,

6

9,88

2,02

,97

MEXI

Jackfruit 22,193 t

Litchi

20,742 t

Rambutan

9,681 t

Quince

Pitaya 4,678 t

1,081 t

Custard apple

Loquat

Star apple

5,030 t

259 t

69 t

Passion fruit

61 t

Nanche 7,742 t

Dragon fruit 5,530 t

Star fruit

Sugar apple

Persimmon

Mangosteen

628 t

53 t

72,

262

Rasp

berry

379 t

35 t

t: tonnes Source: SIAP, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), General Customs and the UN.

133

Rose

Rose 2012-2017 Foreign trade

During the 2012-2017 period, the national volume of this ornamental plant grew at an average annual rate of 6.6%, as a result of the increase in the harvested area and in yields.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand grosses)

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

Rose floriculture extends across 11 states, Estado de Mexico being the largest producer. Its sales in 2017 generated 1.47 billion MXN.

8,413

Average Promedio

7,142

6,814

8,547

9,012

6,518

2010

6,981

2009

0 2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Rank

Volume (grosses)

State National total Estado de Mexico Morelos Puebla Queretaro Jalisco Oaxaca Hidalgo Guerrero Mexico City Tlaxcala

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

6,558,964 5,415,680 561,665 157,892 374,690 18,464 0 11,556 7,831 4,938 6,250

9,011,683 6,887,909 725,525 621,044 597,075 154,953 8,590 7,720 5,812 1,705 1,350

Exports

Volume tonnes

2

2,953

2,952

-89.9

94.5

Value

0.068

6.4

6.332

-68.4

-2.4 Decrease

The United States is the number one destination of the national exports of this ornamental flower; the purchased volume represents 99.4% of the total. Between 2012 and 2017, there were four markets for the international sale of Mexican roses. Worldwide, the commercial value of rose imports is around 3 billion USD annually. Holland is the country that earns the most foreign currency for the external purchase of this flower.

Canada

6,289,980*

USA

Belize

Variation (%) 2012-2017

37.4 27.2 29.2 293 59.4 739 NA -33.2 -25.8 -65.5 -78.4

* USD

Buyer

One of the main purposes for this flower is its ornamental use; although it is not the only one. It is also acquired by the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and even exotic gastronomy industries.

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 8.1

Share in the national production of ornamentals

2012-2017 Indicators Area Sown

Lost

Volume Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value

Yield

Million MXN

Grosses / hectare

MXN / gross

2

NA

2

9,012

1,977

5,212

219

0.9 4.2

NA NA

0.01 4.7

5.4 6.6

20.7 6.6

5.4 1.8

14.4 0.1

Does not apply

A significant part of the Mexican cultivation of this flower is conducted so that its harvest satisfies the high demand that takes place during some holidays and national celebrations.

7.3 6.6

6.2

100%

Average rural price

Thousand grosses

National monthly production (%)

4.8

4.8

4.5

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

1,800 to 2,500 MASL

700 to 1,000 mm

12 to 25 °C

Clay-loamy soils, loamy-clay-silty soils , silt or even clay soils, , pH of 6.0 - 7.5

6.4

Regions of Jalisco, Guanajuato and Michoacan have favorable geographical characteristics to potentiate the production of rose.

5.1

4.5

1.3

Increase

23.3%

Mostly available

2012

Moderately available

2017

26.0%

Least or not available

1.6

16.1

13.2

6.0

10.4

7.5

4.5

5.2

6.0

5.2

9.7

14.6

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

134

Imports

Increase

Puebla 11.1

Producing states

Trade balance

Commercial origin-destination

Estado de Mexico 74.5

Top in production volume

Exports

million USD

In 2017, the exported volume reached a historical maximum: 2,953 tonnes, which generated 6.4 million USD in foreign currency for the country.

Queretaro 7.0

6,559

2008

6,367

6,684

6,696

7,132

Imports

0.692

2008

2009

0.634

2010

0.396

0.217

0.243

0.098

0.136

0.175

0.068

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports Exports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 2.7 90.6 0.0 4.6 20.8 7.0 7.2 19.9 6.2 5.0

5.2 5.5 5.7 5.6

7.3

Rose production potential

135

Watermelon

Watermelon

World ranking

The improvement in watermelon harvesting techniques has enabled a greater national production of the fruit; an 11% increase in 2017 compared to the previous year.

11

(thousand tonnes)

Sonora 37.1

In 2017, the income from the sale of this fruit exceeded 4.615 billion MXN; of that amount, 1.712 correspond to Sonora.

1,149

Average Promedio

2014

2015

2016

Rank

2017

National total Sonora Jalisco Chihuahua Veracruz Guerrero Nayarit Campeche Oaxaca Sinaloa Colima Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

1,033,524 250,250 127,616 123,118 89,953 50,264 65,371 49,843 34,593 28,352 38,315 175,849

1,331,508 488,094 129,923 118,116 114,448 68,546 61,056 47,317 42,361 39,395 33,615 188,636

tonnes

1,213

Value

0.497

million USD

Trade balance

670,284 669,072 127

126.503

Imports

Exports

163

19

78.7

63.2 Increase

Italy Italia

Japan Japón

Regularly, 187 countries import this fruit, including the United States, Germany and Canada, who are the top importers in the world. Mexico could supply a greater volume to the German and Canadian markets.

2012-2017

28.8 95.0 1.8 -4.1 27.2 36.4 -6.6 -5.1 22.5 39.0 -12.3 7.3

* USD

Buyer

For its sale, watermelon must have a minimum weight of 1.5 kilograms per unit.

Share in the national production of fruits Lost

Volume Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

5.4 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

42

1

41

1,332

4,615

32.1

3,466

5.0 1.9

-55.0 -2.6

7.1 2.0

11.0 5.2

20.6 13.3

3.6 3.1

8.6 7.7

Decrease

140 118

100%

Average rural price

Yield

Thousand tonnes

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 400 MASL

400 to 600 mm

18 to 32 °C

Light, loamy, sandy and silt-sandy well-drained soils, pH of 5.5 - 6.5

127

126

Southern regions of Tamaulipas have production potential for the growth of watermelon.

98.9

69.1

Increase

5.9%

2012

2017

6.0%

National monthly production (%) The availability of national watermelon is higher between February and May.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Area

5.5

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Sown

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

7.2

11.3

12.8

14.4

11.8

7.4

7.3

6.5

5.4

5.6

6.1

4.2

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

136

Volume

Exports

Variation (%)

Annual per capita consumption

5.3

Imports

Veracruz 9.4

Jalisco 9.9

Volume (tonnes)

State

In 2017, there were eight nations that acquired Mexican watermelon; four more than those registered six years earlier. The challenge in Mexico is focused on increasing the volume exported to European countries.

USA

Main producing states

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Commercial origin-destination

127,312,154*

Top 10 in production volume

2012-2017 Foreign trade

In Mexican fruit exports, the flow of watermelon generates the seventh largest amount of foreign currency, mobilizing the third largest volume. During the 2012-2017 period, an average annual increase of 21,000 tonnes was recorded.

1,332

2013

1,200

1,020

1,002

2012

946

1,037

2011 0

953

1,007

2010

1,034

1,188

1,072

2009

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

2008

1,331,508 tonnes

China holds the leadership in the global production of the crop, contributing 67% of the total harvested volume.

10

th

world producer

1,033,524 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

2017

Mexico

2012

th

The volume of watermelon originated in Mexico allows the country to rank as one of the 10 main producers of this cucurbitaceae in the orb.

76.0

74.6 74.1

78.1

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.2

0.3

0.497

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 11.5 9.7 52.9 16.7 7.5 0.0 1.5

Exports

5.7 6.5 10.5 20.2 25.4 4.1 1.7 0.4 1.8 11.4 7.8 4.5

Watermelon production potential

137

Fodder sorghum

Fodder sorghum 2012-2017 Foreign trade

During 2017, farmers from 16 of the 27 states that are producers of this crop obtained larger volumes per hectare. In Sinaloa, the yield during the aforementioned year exceeded the previous year in 6.2 tonnes.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Sonora 12.9

(thousand tonnes)

Average Promedio

By value, Coahuila is the leading producer of fodder sorghum; the sale of this agricultural good in 2017 granted an income for 337 million MXN.

Coahuila 17.5

4,332

Trend Tendencia

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

0

15

15

NA

-90.2

Value

0

1,659

1,659

NA

-93.5

USD

2012-2017 Foreign trade

The production level of sorghum in the country is very similar to the volume of this forage required by national livestock, reason why the external commerce of this crop is minimal.

Does not apply

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, Mexico only exported 15 tonnes, all of them to the United States.

3,547

3,037

3,218

4,477

4,786

5,429

3,938

4,621

5,214

5,081

3,151

Imports

Among countries, the trade of this fodder when green is not significant, derived mainly from the speed at which the plant dehydrates; that is why it is traded in pellets or flour.

1,659*

USA

2017

Sinaloa 15.0

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Coahuila Durango Sonora Chihuahua Jalisco Michoacan Guerrero Baja California Nuevo Leon Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

5,428,720 374,209 1,382,891 991,367 344,026 611,581 365,318 431,982 207,479 297,461 91,642 330,765

3,546,988 602,078 596,229 412,550 369,775 344,733 308,046 251,183 177,458 168,226 60,649 256,060

Variation (%)

* USD

2012-2017

-34.7 60.9 -56.9 -58.4 7.5 -43.6 -15.7 -41.9 -14.5 -43.4 -33.8 -22.6

Buyer

Foreign trade evolution (USD) Share in the national production of fodders

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Lost

Volume Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

Temperature

Edaphology

21 to 31 °C

Silty-loamy soils, silt clay-loamy soils, non-calcareous soils, pH of 5.0 - 7.0

Tamaulipas, Campeche and Yucatan have suitable geographical conditions to potentiate the production of fodder sorghum.

95,372

1

193

3,547

1,926

18.4

543

15.0 -5.8

219.3 -27.7

14.5 -5.5

16.8 -8.2

13.2 -7.5

2.0 -2.8

-3.0 0.7

23,167

4.7%

Increase

2012

2017

2.9%

2008

8,529

137 0

2009

2010

23,913 25,408 14,796 1,590 0 0 224

4,332 0

2,139 0

1,659 0

2011

2015

2016

2017

2012

2013

2014

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

6.5

4.3

2.2

1.7

1.3

1.6

4.0

15.4

11.5

15.6

25.9

10.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

138

Rain 500 to 1,200 mm

68,892

194

Decrease

206,631

Altitude 0 to 1,800 MASL

100%

Average rural price

Yield

Thousand tonnes

One quarter of all the green sorghum grown in the country is cut during November.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Prior to its cutting, fodder sorghum for silage must reach a height of between 2 and 3 meters.

Area

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exports

0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Fodder sorghum production potential

139

Grain sorghum

Grain sorghum

World ranking

1

In 2017, the reduced sowing area and the 29,000 hectares that were compromised determined an annual drop of 3.1% in volume.

st

4

(thousand tonnes)

2017

th

world producer

6,969,502 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Eight out of every hundred tonnes of sorghum harvested in the world are a result of the agricultural activity of Mexico.

world producer

4,853,110 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

A planting area for this crop of 2.5 million hectares allows the United States to lead the production of this grain.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Average Promedio

6,280

Tendencia Trend

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

419,201

6,817

-412,384

-75.7

17,560

Value

67.7

1.6

-66.1

-85.8

1,427

million USD

The level of availability of other fodder grains in the country and the prices at which they are offered in the international market, influenced the decrease of the volume of grain sorghum imported by Mexico.

Tamaulipan farmers of this grain enjoy the largest area destined for its cultivation; in 2017, their production was valued at 6.364 billion MXN.

Imports

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, virtually all of this grain that Mexico purchased came from the United States. Currently, from the domestic supply of the country, imports account for 9%, while in 2012 that share was 18.9%.

5,384

Globally, imports of this grain exceed 8 million annual tonnes; from that volume, 5 million correspond to China.

6,108

6,940

6,429

6,970

6,308

8,394

5,195

5,006

2008

2009

2010

0 2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

4,853

6,593

1,115,319*

Sinaloa 6.8

2017

USA

Tamaulipas 41.6

Guatemala Guatemala

Nicaragua

Nicaragua

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

National total Tamaulipas Guanajuato Sinaloa Michoacan Nayarit Morelos Jalisco San Luis Potosi Puebla Campeche Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

2017

6,969,502 2,808,108 1,495,737 454,873 713,877 366,231 175,085 189,013 112,323 93,568 40,258 520,427

4,853,110 2,205,889 886,207 328,002 294,257 194,747 186,592 179,864 96,244 94,810 73,793 312,704

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-30.4 -21.4 -40.8 -27.9 -58.8 -46.8 6.6 -4.8 -14.3 1.3 83.3 -39.9

Guanajuato 20.1

* USD

Buyer

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

One seed of RB-Norteño sorghum can generate plants with panicles that reach a size of up to 28 centimeters.

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 647

Share in the national production of fodders

2012-2017 Indicators Area Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

1,456

29

1,428

4,853

15,307

3.4

3,154

-5.1 -5.5

33.5 -24.6

-5.6 -4.7

-3.1 -7.0

-1.0 -8.4

2.7 -2.4

2.1 -1.6

Decrease

The sowing of sorghum during different months across the producing states determines two moments of maximum harvest: June-August and November-January.

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 1,500 MASL

500 to 1,000 mm

22 to 32 °C

Deep soils without excessive salt contents, welldrained, with no hardened layers, pH of 5.5 - 7.5

478

100%

The areas of greatest potential are being exploited adequately; Tamaulipas, Sinaloa and Guanajuato stand out.

414 397 320

348

Increase

6.0%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

2012

Moderately available

2017

3.9%

Least or not available

7.4

2.1

0.9

4.5

4.5

17.6

16.8

8.2

0.7

5.6

15.7

16.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

140

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

0.01

0

0

0

0

0

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

12.9 1.1

2014

39.9 0.3

2015

112 1.5

67.7 1.6

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 12.7 9.2 15.8 19.6 13.9 6.9 7.5 4.9 2.2 3.0 2.8 1.5

Exports

0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 15.9 37.8 26.8 19.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Grain sorghum production potential

141

Soy

Soy

World ranking

In the 2012-2017 period, soybean production registered an average annual increase of 11.8%, mainly because larger areas were destined for its planting in Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, San Luis Potosi and Campeche.

17

th

(thousand tonnes)

Trend Tendencia

Tamaulipas and Campeche are the main producers of soybean in the country; in 2017, the economic revenue for the sale of this crop generated 1.046 and 0.683 billion MXN, respectively.

502

Average Promedio

280

121

168

205

248

239

387

341

509

433

275

153

world producer

432,927 tonnes

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

From the volume generated by soybean producing countries, that of the United States stands out, with a contribution of 35% of the global total.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

550

2008

17

2017

th

world producer

247,500 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

The Mexican contribution to the international availability of soy represents 2%.

The Mexican oil and food industry demands a significant amount of soy beans, which is satisfied with domestic and foreign volumes. In 2017, imports represented 79.5% of the national total available volume of this agricultural product, slightly less than six years earlier, when 87.2% was reached.

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

4,338,242

382

-4,337,860

24.8

471

Value

1,669

0.227 -1,668.773

-12.5

331

million USD

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, the soybean that Mexico acquired from abroad came from the United States (3.941 million tonnes), Brazil (255,000 tonnes) and Paraguay (142,000 tonnes).

Tamaulipas 34.4

227,037*

In the world, China performs the largest imports of this oilseed. In 2017, it acquired 95.5 million tonnes. It is followed by Holland and Mexico, with volumes of around 4 million tonnes each.

USA

Top 10 in production volume

Campeche 22.5

Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Tamaulipas Campeche San Luis Potosi Sinaloa Chiapas Sonora Yucatan Veracruz Quintana Roo Nuevo Leon Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

247,500 128,299 16,881 50,257 0 26,263 3,880 1,674 18,452 1,737 7 51

432,927 148,286 94,843 72,250 30,181 24,049 19,681 17,804 17,708 6,216 1,625 283

Variation (%) 2012-2017

San Luis Potosi 16.4

74.9 15.6 462 43.8 NA -8.4 407 963 -4.0 258 24,521 458

* USD

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

There are several by-products derived from this legume: flour, oil, sauce, tofu, milk, and even synthetic meats.

Share in the national production of oilseeds Area

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Thousand hectares 38.5

38.7

Variations %

38.6 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

266

4

-4.9 13.1

67.6 18.5

263

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

433

3,036

1.6

7,013

-10.0 -1.1

2.8 -0.1

-5.5 -15.0 -12.6 13.0 11.8 11.7

Decrease

100%

1,984

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 1,600 MASL

450 to 1,000 mm

20 to 28 °C

Neutral, slightly acidic soils, flat, well-drained, of loamy texture, pH of 6.0 - 6.5

1,969

Some regions with optimal conditions for its cultivation are located in Sinaloa, Nayarit, Michoacan, Guerrero and Oaxaca. However, soy sowing in those states is not at its maximum potential.

1,669

1,701 1,582

1,502

1,357

Increase

37.1%

2012

2017

64.8%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

16.9

7.7

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.1

7.2

27.6

39.6

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

142

1,908

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

1,515

National monthly production (%) The harvest of this oilseed takes place mostly between October and February.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Annual per capita availability

Supplier

Main

1,549

0.125

0.099

0.128

0.097

0.053

0.201

0.248

0.174

0.044

0.227

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.9 7.3 7.8 8.3 9.5 7.7 8.6 9.4 9.0 9.4 8.5 7.6

Exports

25.0 1.5 0.3 65.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.7 0.8 3.0 1.8

Soy production potential

143

Tobacco

Tobacco

World ranking

In 2017, the convergence of better yields and the increase in the sown area favorably impacted the volume of tobacco leaf obtained, which was 8.7% higher than the previous year.

38 Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

China’s tobacco plants contribute slightly over 42% to the global volume harvested of this crop.

17,243 tonnes

Average Promedio

11

8

7

10

15

15

15

13

16

17

13

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Volume (tonnes)

National total Nayarit Veracruz Chiapas Guerrero Tabasco

2012

2017

15,235 13,560 1,387 220 51 17

17,243 15,441 1,392 366 42 2

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

16,095

3,591

-12,504

6.1

-51.7

Value

94

23.5

-70.5

-12

-29.8 Increase

Decrease

Belgium, Germany and China are the nations with the largest foreign purchases of raw tobacco, with 186,000, 160,000 and 147,000 tonnes, respectively.

Veracruz 12.4

Variation (%) 2012-2017

* USD

13.2 13.9 0.3 66.4 -16.7 -91.2

Chiapas 1.3

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

0.2 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

8

0.004

8

17

560

2.3

32,500

5.0 1.6

-97.2 NA

7.1 1.6

8.7 2.5

9.0 10.3

1.5 0.9

0.3 7.6

Does not apply

Decrease

150

144

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

143

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 600 MASL

700 to 1,500 mm

20 to 30 °C

Soils of light to medium texture, pH of 5.0 - 7.5

136

100%

106

105

86.2

80.5 56.6

The sowing of this crop could be strengthened in certain regions of the country, since they have the optimum conditions for its production. Such is the case of Sinaloa, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.

94

107

48.7 31.8

0.1%

Increase

2012

2017

0.1%

National monthly production (%) The largest amount of tobacco leaf in the country is cut between March and May.

Supplier

Main

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of agroindustrials

Area

0.3

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

A Burley tobacco leaf is the result of a drying process without exposure to sunlight.

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita availability

0.1

Trade balance

Dominican Republic

Nicaragua

Producing states State

The tobacco imported by Mexico was purchased from 15 different countries, while the exported volume went to 23. In 2012, the exported volume was destined to 31 nations. In both transactions, the United States is the main trading partner.

USA

Top in production volume

Exports

Commercial origin-destination

5,841,532*

Nayarit 86.1

Imports

million USD

The country has an unfavorable trade balance in tobacco leaf. During 2017, 16,095 tonnes were imported and 3,591 were exported.

Nayarit has the greatest crop of this good. In 2017, the sale of the production volume reported revenues of 482 million MXN to its farmers.

18

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

0.4

1.1

20.7

28.8

36.1

8.0

0.1

0.3

0.5

1.7

0.9

1.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

144

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Tendencia Trend

1 2 3 4 5

35

In Mexico, the tobacco plantations have higher yields than the world average.

2017

th

world producer

15,235 tonnes

(thousand tonnes)

Rank

2012

th

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

21.9

2008

28.7

24.7

29.2

2009

2010

2011

33.5

2012

34.4

2013

31.2

2014

32.8

2015

2016

23.5 2016

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11.5 5.9 8.0 13.2 4.6 16.4 4.2 6.4 10.6 7.5 8.8 2.9

Exports

3.0 4.3 3.2 2.4 5.4 3.0 6.1 8.3 31.3 21.8 9.4 1.8

Tobacco production potential

145

Tomatillo

Tomatillo 2012-2017 Foreign trade

The cultivation of tomatillo shows an unbeatable behavior, which is a result of the greater amount of the vegetable obtained per sowing unit.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

(thousand tonnes)

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

Sinaloa contributes the highest volume to the national supply of this vegetable, but Zacatecas has the best sales price, which causes its greater participation in the total production value.

719

Average Promedio

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

0

148,814

148,814

NA

28.4

Value

0

73.4

73.4

NA

79.7 Increase

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, this Mexican vegetable was exported to seven countries; three more than in 2012. The United States is the main destination for the vegetable; purchases made by other nations are incipient.

73,346,490*

Zacatecas 11.3

Sinaloa 10.7

Trade balance

Does not apply

United Kingdom

2017

Exports

million USD

Between 2012 and 2017, Mexican exports of tomatillo showed an increase of 9,000 tonnes on average per year. Currently, one in five tonnes of the national harvest is destined for the international market.

773

698

684

661

588

595

563

720

609

648

654

Imports

USA

There are six countries with which Mexico could increase its sales of tomatillo; mainly the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

Netherlands

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Zacatecas Jalisco Puebla Michoacan Sonora Estado de Mexico Nayarit Hidalgo Morelos Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

595,197 91,601 58,600 64,903 48,579 44,881 33,337 42,202 46,244 11,226 17,706 135,918

773,351 150,697 89,464 83,162 58,222 49,702 44,427 41,227 36,001 23,418 22,610 174,420

Jalisco 13.1

Variation (%) 2012-2017

29.9 64.5 52.7 28.1 19.9 10.7 33.3 -2.3 -22.1 109 27.7 28.3

* USD

Buyer

In Mexico, the National Seed Inspection and Certification Service has a record of 11 Mexican varieties of this vegetable, among which are: Diamante, Manzano, Tepetlixpa, Milpero, Tetela and Potrero.

Sown

Lost

Harvested

5.0

Variations %

Thousand hectares 5.2

5.1 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

43

0.4

43

773

3,515

18.1

4,546

0.7 -0.2

-49.8 -28.0

1.6 0.6

10.8 5.4

16.9 7.6

9.0 4.7

5.5 2.1

Decrease

33.0

32.5

73.4 66.6

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 1,200 MASL

600 to 1,200 mm

18 to 25 °C

Siliceous, clayey, light-textured soils, pH of 5.0 - 6.8

54.7

The highest volume of this crop is located in the optimal regions. Its production could be enhanced with the use of technological innovations.

40.9 34.9

26.2

4.8%

Increase

2012

2017

4.8%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

16.5

9.6

10.0

7.6

6.4

3.4

8.1

8.7

7.1

8.9

7.3

6.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

146

50

100%

National monthly production (%) In the national market, domestic tomatillos are supplied throughout the whole year.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 64.7

Share in the national production of vegetables Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

0.007

0

0

0

0

0

0

0.014

0

0

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Exports

7.9 7.2 7.8 7.7 9.7 8.5 8.3 9.1 7.2 8.6 8.2 9.8

Tomatillo production potential

147

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE IN MEXICO

AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS WITH DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN

1.126 million hectares for organic production

The designation allows: The safeguarding of the craftsmanship and traditions of producers based on quality standards, which in their case are imposed by the Mexican Official Standards.

The Designation of Origin is the denomination that receives a good with unique attributes in relation to the geographical area of its production, to the natural and human factors that intervene in its production for legal protection purposes. Main processed organic products

27, 749

162, 386

certified producers

certified sowed hectares

Coffee 44,226

Fruit preserves / jams

Agave 7,541

Sesame 5,313

Orange 3,989

Sorghum 3,444

Beans 2,965

Chia 1,773

Industrial products

Distillates

Damiana 2,241

Mexico's Exports 172.1 278.5

Others 0.9

15.3

1

Main producing states

nnes 6 to 0 1 4, nes

ne ton 37

174 to n

nes

22

m

s

iter on l

illi

Jalisco Guanajuato

Chiapas Oaxaca Yucatan Morelos Campeche Guerrero Jalisco Estado de Mexico Morelos Nuevo Leon

30.5

21.2

38.7 27.1

18.0

Others 32.4

11.1 13.5 9.2

26.7

21.4

23.0

Bacanora Agave bacanora Sonora

Café Veracruz Coffee cherry Charanda Sugarcane

Others 35.6 5.5 11.3 14.9 10.6

37.3

Chile habanero Habanero chili

Campeche, Quintana Roo, Yucatan

Cacao Grijalva Cacao

Michoacan

Tabasco

Arroz Morelos Paddy rice of the morelos variety Morelos

Café Chiapas Coffee cherry

Chile Yahualica Chili

Chiapas

Jalisco, Zacatecas

131.3

38.9

60.1 48.6

71.9

Vainilla de Papantla Vanilla

55.3

Puebla, Veracruz

43.1

2015 Source: SIAP, cwith data from the Organic Certification Bodies, authorized by SENASICA, preliminary data, and from Data Source, U.S. Census Bureau Trade Data, USDA.

10.6

9.4 19.2

12.9

A legal framework of defense and protection for the producer against imitations.

Veracruz

Others 32.3 11.2

5,912 to n

9

Estado de Mexico Morelos Sinaloa Yucatan

Mexico's Imports 137.9 154.4 133.3

43.5

A guarantee to the consumer of the specific characteristics and quality level of the good.

Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango

Others 19.3

s

148

Others 5.7

Main organic products of animal origin

Nuevo Leon Coahuila Guanajuato Sonora

Bread-making products

(million USD)

141.5

Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas

Sotol Sotol or desert spoon

Mexico-United States foreign trade of organic products

Tomato 1,713

Fostering the organization of the productive sector and promoting of producers’ access to the national and international markets.

Mezcal Agave mezcalero

Juices / nectars Fodders 7,491

Mango 7,394

Location

Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, Nayarit, Tamaulipas

Maize 9,291

The unification of the work of all the artisans and/or producers authorized to use it, which generates a spirit of trade union protection.

Product DO Agricultural crop

Tequila Agave tequilero

(hectares) Avocado 9,804

A better sales price, while being respectful of the traditional production methodsand their quality.

Designation of Origin

Area sown by main products

Safflower 10,805

Mexico has 13 products related to agriculture with unique attributes that uphold their

(featured generic products)

952 , 171 hectares of wild collection

11, 380 hectares being converted

The conditions to improve the dissemination, promotion and offering of the protected product at a regional, national and international level.

Mango Ataulfo Mango Chiapas

2016

2017

2015

2016

2017

Source: SIAP with data from the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property and the World Intellectual Property Organization.

149

Grapefruit

Grapefruit

World ranking

During the 2012-2017 period, the increase in the grapefruit plantations’ area was marginal; however, the 0.9% growth in its production during said period was originated by better yields in some states.

4

Mexico

2012

th

4

world producer

415,471 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state 2012-2017 National production volume

One in every 20 tonnes of this citrus is produced in the Mexican countryside.

2017

th

world producer

441,873 tonnes

Around 80 countries have areas with grapefruit plantations. From them, China is the leading producer. It contributes slightly more than half of the volume of this citrus harvested in the world.

During 2017, the value of the grapefruit production of Veracruz, the leading state, exceeded 558 million MXN.

Trend Tendencia

436

Average Promedio

423

2014

2015

442

424

2013

438

2012

425

2011 0

425

415

397

401

425

432

2010

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

1,331

22,932

21,601

2.1

22.3

Value

0.532

14.2

13.668

76.9

77.3

million USD

The volume of exported citrus during 2017 showed an annual rise of 0.9%, that stands in contrast with the increase in the national harvest of the fruit.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, France was the main destination of the Mexican grapefruit exports by volume; this country acquired 9,632 tonnes. By value, Japan is the one that disbursed the most foreign currency for the acquisition of the fruit. In the last six years, national grapefruit was sold to 14 nations.

Tamaulipas 14.6

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes)

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

5,589,175*

Japan

France Francia

USAUnidos Estados

The global imports of this citrus reached an annual commercial value of 1 billion USD and a volume of 1.1 million tonnes. The Netherlands makes the biggest purchases: 250,000 tonnes.

Veracruz 48.5

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Veracruz Michoacan Tamaulipas Nuevo Leon Campeche Sonora Puebla Yucatan Sinaloa Oaxaca Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

415,471 261,549 40,500 35,542 26,426 13,514 20,221 4,208 7,324 294 2,285 3,608

441,873 242,409 64,808 52,205 34,902 21,820 12,093 6,355 2,229 1,178 959 2,916

Variation (%)

Michoacan 16.2

2012-2017

6.4 -7.3 60.0 46.9 32.1 61.5 -40.2 51.0 -69.6 301 -58.0 -19.2

Buyer

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Lost

Harvested

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

Variations %

Thousand hectares

3.5

3.4 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

19

NA

18

442

1,151

25.0

2,606

7.9 1.0

NA NA

7.2 0.7

0.9 1.2

19.8 9.9

-5.9 0.5

18.8 8.6

Does not apply

Decrease

Mostly available

2.4%

2012

2017

Moderately available

8.1

8.2

7.1

11.6

4.6

3.5

3.9

5.8

16.2

13.3

11.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Temperature

Edaphology Edaphology

23 30°C°C 15 to a 19

Sandy-loamy, loamy and clay-loamy soils, offree medium Suelo permeable y profundo, sandy-loamy of to heavy pHpH of of 5.36.0 - 8.0 calcareous andtextures, chlorides, - 7.5

Chiapas, Tabasco and Nayarit have favorable geographical conditions for the production of grapefruit, however, its production is scarce.

8.7 8.0

5.1

2.0%

Least or not available

Rain Rain 1,000 1,050toa 2,000 1,150 mm mm

9.7

5.5

5.9

150

10.4

7.8

Increase

14.2

Altitude Altitude 0 to 1,000 1,600 a 2,200 MASL MASL

11.4

100%

National monthly production (%) The most important harvest of this citrus takes place between October and December.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

13.6

Share in the national production of fruits

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

According to the color of their flesh, grapefruits are classified as: white, pink and red or ruby red.

Area

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

3.3

* USD

0.395

0.309

0.37

0.392

0.3

0.599

0.45

0.637

0.62

0.532

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.5 0.7 0.2 4.1 18.1 29.3 28.0 14.9 2.2 0.1 0.1 0.8

Exports

5.6 7.9 5.7 1.4 0.5 1.0 0.5 21.8 27.0 17.6 5.0 6.0

Grapefruit production potential

151

Wheat grain

Wheat grain

World ranking

32

nd

The annual decrease of 9.2% in this grain’s sowing area during 2017 determined a fall of 9.3% in the threshed volume.

Percentage of the production value by state

Wheat sales reported revenues of 6.913 billion MXN to Sonoran farmers in 2017.

3,701

Tendencia Trend

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017 Imports

Volume

In 2017, the international price levels of some cereals determined a fall in the volume of durum wheat that Mexico exported. The breadmaking grain imports made by the country reached a historic maximum.

2017

Value

million USD

Exports

Trade balance

4,903,043 498,676 -4,404,367 1,027

144

-883

Imports

Exports

5.6

-20.1

-27.9

-43.8

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

The characteristics of the wheat sold by Mexico have allowed the expansion of the geographic market. Between 2012 and 2017, the number of purchasing countries increased from 19 to 21. In the opposite case, there are fewer nations from which the country buys wheat: during this period, it decreased from 22 to 10. Mozambique, Indonesia, Algeria and Italy are listed as the largest importers of this grain, although for Mexico the opportunity lies in the sale of durum wheat to the Italian market and some African countries.

3,504

3,863

3,711

3,670

3,357

3,677

2011 0

3,274

4,116

3,628

4,214

3,442

2010

3,503,521 tonnes

Of the total global volume of this important grain, 17.6% is grown in China’s fields.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Sonora 52.0

Promedio Average

2009

world producer

tonnes

(thousand tonnes)

2008

29

2017

th

world producer

3,274,337 tonnes

Baja California 11.1

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Of every thousand kilograms of threshed wheat grain in the world, five are generated by Mexican agriculture.

Guanajuato 10.2

60,395,750* Venezuela

Algeria

Turkey

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sonora Baja California Guanajuato Sinaloa Michoacan Jalisco Chihuahua Nuevo Leon Tlaxcala Coahuila Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

3,274,337 1,784,563 471,737 339,569 88,112 108,951 102,057 108,457 39,641 104,752 22,549 103,949

3,503,521 1,788,866 396,717 355,173 273,917 227,815 144,172 95,092 53,079 50,465 27,311 90,913

Variation (%) 2012-2017

7.0 0.2 -15.9 4.6 211 109 41.3 -12.3 33.9 -51.8 21.1 -12.5

* USD

Buyer

If the national wheat production were evenly distributed among the milling units of the country, each one would transform around 37,000 tonnes of cereal into flours and other by-products per year.

Sown

Share in the national production of grains Lost

Volume Harvested

Variations %

Thousand hectares

64.0 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

662

0.3

661

3,504

13,289

5.3

3,793

-9.2 2.4

-94.7 -50.8

-8.6 2.7

-9.3 1.4

-6.0 2.4

-0.8 -1.3

3.6 1.0

1,296

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

25 to 2,800 MASL

700 to 1,000 mm

15 to 23 °C

Soils with medium texture, loamy-clay-silty and loamy-clay, pH of 5.0 - 7.0

1,267

1,027 981

Wheat grain is produced in the areas with conditions of optimal production potential.

926

798 590

692 407

404 299

12.8%

Increase

2012

2017

11.1% 2008

National monthly production (%) In Mexican wheat fields, the most abundant harvest takes place during May and June.

1,224

1,189

100%

Average rural price

Yield

Decrease

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

1.0

0.1

0.0

7.3

61.2

21.5

4.5

0.2

0.2

1.0

1.6

1.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

152

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators Area

64.1

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

1,425

Annual per capita availability

63.9

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

276

88.1

2009

2010

2011

256

247

2012

2013

144

309

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.8 8.6 9.2 7.3 8.1 6.3 10.7 9.2 8.7 6.2 7.1 9.8

Exports

11.0 6.1 2.2 0.1 0.2 15.2 16.7 7.7 0.2 10.9 0.2 29.5

Wheat grain production potential

153

Table grape

Table grape

World ranking

As a result of the increase in the sown area, the production in 2017 exceeded by 84,000 tonnes that of 2016, which translates into an annual growth of 32.6%.

24

th

Percentage of the production value by state Baja California 1.3

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

Sonora 94.3

182

193

215

198

280

259

247

283

256

340

245

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

339,957 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

One fifth of the grapes produced in the world have their origin in the vineyards of China.

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

78,991

Value

133

million USD

Some influencing factors in the volumes of fresh grapes that Mexico trades with foreign countries are: the availability throughout the year and tastes differentiated by variety.

Sonora contributes 94.3% of the national total of the fruit, with a production value of 6.101 billion MXN.

Average Promedio

2010

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

323

2009

29

2017

th

world producer

279,967 tonnes

Trend Tendencia

2008

Mexico

2012

Mexican viticulture contributes 0.5% of the available global volume of table grape.

Trade balance

195,899 116,908 246

113

Imports

Exports

20

16.7

15.7

53.6 Increase

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, Mexican foreign sales of this fruit were made to 13 countries; one less than that observed in 2012. In the aforementioned commercial flow, the largest purchase was made by the United States. The grapes that enter national territory come from the United States, Chile and Peru.

239,671,588*

USA

Japan

Zacatecas 3.0

The first five table grape importing nations are: the United States, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and China. With the exception of our neighboring country to the north, the rest of them do not acquire Mexican grapes.

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sonora Zacatecas Aguascalientes Baja California Guanajuato Coahuila San Luis Potosi Durango Baja California Sur Puebla Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

279,967 260,904 12,198 204 3,929 323 529 0 0 13 3 1,865

339,957 310,926 15,525 5,924 5,839 676 517 475 49 22 4 0

Variation (%) 2012-2017

21.4 19.2 27.3 2,804 48.6 110 -2.3 NA NA 71.9 62.0 -100

* USD

Buyer

Share in the national production of fruits Area

Sown

Lost

Volume

Variations %

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Value

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

NA

20

340

6,467

16.6

19,022

14.6 4.7

NA NA

12.7 4.9

32.6 4.0

34.2 -0.2

17.7 -0.9

1.2 -4.0

Does not apply

Decrease

1.6%

115

2011

2012

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 500 mm

15 to 25 °C

Sandy-loamy soils, well drained and with organic matter, pH of 5.5 - 7.0

161.8

120

133

The regions with adequate geographical characteristics are the ones with the highest production of table grape.

114

Increase

2012

2017

Mostly available

Moderately available

40.7

1.5%

Least or not available

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

10.5

64.2

14.8

5.4

3.4

1.4

0.1

0.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

154

97.6

Rain

0 to 400 MASL

159.5

124

123

Altitude

64

National monthly production (%) The largest amount of table grapes is cut in June.

117.8

153.3 150.3

140.2 97.0

22

160.1

157.3

147.8

100%

Average rural price

Yield

Harvested

Thousand hectares

1.8 kg

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production 246

Annual per capita consumption

1.9

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Flame seedless, Sugraone, Red globe and Perlette are the most commonly produced table grape varieties in Mexico.

2012-2017 Indicators

1.7

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

2008

2009

2010

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10.4 5.6 8.1 5.6 0.1 0.0 1.7 8.8 9.9 14.1 16.5 19.2

Exports

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 34.2 60.9 3.8 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.1

Table grape production potential

155

Industrial grape

Industrial grape 2012-2017 Foreign trade

Adverse conditions in 2017 led to an annual shrinkage of 19.8% in the production of industrial grapes.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state Baja California 56.7

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

The sales price of industrial grape favoring Baja California consolidates its predominance in production value: 349 million MXN in 2017.

Coahuila 9.2

Average Promedio

75

Tendencia Trend

2013

2015

2016

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

0.0002

2.9

2.8998

NA

129

Value

1

4,835

4,834

NA

388

USD

The supply of grapes for the Mexican viniculture industry and for the production of juice is based on volumes generated in the national vineyards.

Does not apply

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The value of the world imports of grape must exceeds 96 million USD annually. The acquisitions of Germany, France and Italy are the most significant.

4,835*

65

2014

81

73

2012

76

2011 0

79

83

82

72

2010

71

74

2009

Exports

The insignificant amount of grapes for industrial use that Mexico trades with other countries limits the number of destinations for its sale and the origins of purchase.

74

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Imports

USA

Zacatecas 15.0

2017

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Baja California Zacatecas Sonora Aguascalientes Coahuila Queretaro Chihuahua Guanajuato San Luis Potosi Nuevo Leon Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

82,202 21,139 16,419 29,350 11,167 2,209 0 1,200 0 0 3 715

64,628 17,924 17,616 12,516 8,516 4,025 2,445 893 491 192 11 0

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-21.4 -15.2 7.3 -57.4 -23.7 82.2 NA -25.6 NA NA 213 -100

* USD

Buyer

The grapes used in juice and jelly production have lower concentration of sugar and low acidity, while those destined to wine making have high acidity and a moderate content of sugar.

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Sown

Lost

Harvested

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

0.4

Variations %

Thousand hectares

0.6

0.5 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

8

NA

7

65

616

9.1

9,536

-6.4 0.4

NA NA

-7.8 0.0

-19.8 -4.7

-1.7 7.0

-13.0 -4.7

22.5 12.2

Does not apply

Decrease

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

400 to 1,100 mm

10 to 35 °C

Clay loamy soils of medium to low depth

The areas that have suitable edaphoclimatic characteristics for the development of grapes are located in the north and center of the country, such as in Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Baja California Sur, Zacatecas, Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi. 11,375

0.5%

2012

Increase

2017

0.3%

Mostly available

Least or not available

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

4.0

12.7

17.7

41.4

21.7

2.4

0.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

156

Altitude 0 to 3,000 MASL

100%

National monthly production (%) The largest harvest of industrial grape takes place during September.

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

51,300

Share in the national production of fruits Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

9,070 3,610

0

0

0

1,258 0

2008

2009

2010

2011

990 0

2012

1,100 0

2013

0

2014

1,050 0

2015

1,800 78

4,835 1

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0

Exports

0.1 99.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Industrial grape production potential

157

SAFE PRODUCTS

WITH GRAPES AND WINE, WE ARE ON THE RIGHT TRACK

Preventing potential health hazards

Main wine producing states in Mexico and their grape varieties

Approximately 80 grape varieties are grown in Mexico; 50% are allocated for industrial use, mainly for wine. During the last decade, the consumption of Mexican wine grew 20%. However, the current production only covers 30% of the national demand.

Merlot

Salvador Cabernet Sauvignon

16.0%

Carignan

750 ml

per capita wine consumption

Coahuila Red varieties: Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah White varieties: Chardonnay and Muscat

Baja California Red varieties: Cabernet-Sauvignon, Merlot and Tempranillo White varieties: Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

Tempranillo Syrah

5.0%

8.0%

5.0%

15.0%

22.0%

The objective of keeping products safe is to prevent potential health hazards, always ensuring that the related practices do not affect the environment.

Muscat Sauvignon Blanc Chenin Blanc

19.0%

Chardonnay

18.0%

The CODEX Alimentarius Commission defines food safety as: “The guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use.”

Queretaro Red varieties: Tempranillo and Cabernet-Sauvignon White varieties: Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

Zacatecas Red varieties: Carignan, Ruby Cabernet and Salvador White varieties: Saint Emilion, Italia and Muscat

Classification of the industrial grape according to its color

The Codex Alimentarius is a set of internationally approved standards, guidelines and codes of practice to guarantee food safety and quality.

Early Divine

17.0%

Saint Emilion

3.0%

12.0%

Others

14.0%

17.0%

México Calidad Suprema:

ISO 22000 standard:

Certificate issued by SAGARPA and the SE to ensure the safety and health of agricultural products

The International Organization for Standardization certifies food safety management systems in any organization

Others

29.0%

White varieties

Red varieties

Wine classification according to the type of grape Polyphenols are the substances that give the grape its color. The pigments (anthocyanins) are found in the skin of the grape and are responsible for the color of the wine. Machining

100.0%

Red grapes without peel can produce white wine. During the vinification process, the longer the peels remain with the juice, the more color the wine will have.

Red wine White wine Pink wine

Rosé wines can be produced by using red grapes, but they can also be made by mixing white and red grapes.

White wine

Fertilization

98.0%

Year 2017

13.5 ton/ha

Year 2008

10.0 ton/ha

Irrigation

98.0%

The improvement in grape varieties and technological innovations have allowed an increase in productivity and yield in the sector. Sources: SIAP, SAGARPA.

158

Technical assistance

94.0%

Thanks to their quality and safety standards, our country's grapes and wine have achieved national and international recognition

Distinctive “H”: Quality label granted by the Ministry of Tourism, endorsed by the Ministry of Health, for static food and beverage establishments.

• In 2016, Mexico returned to the International Organisation of Vine and Wine • Wine export to more than 30 countries • 2017 International Awards Concours Mondial de Bruxelles Spain: 6 Gold medals 12 Silver medals International Wine Competition United States: Gold medal

In Mexico, food safety is a high priority in public health. The correct implementation of the Good Practices Manuals, applicable to the entire primary sector and the manufacturing industry, guarantee the consumer hygienic, harmless, fresh and healthy products.

Federal Inspection Type Certification:

Five keys to food safety:

Granted by SAGARPA to the slaughter centers that are managed under the standards of Good Manufacturing Practices

Keeping cleanliness

To ensure safety in the food industry, WHO promotes the application of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles. Source: SIAP.

1.- Hazard analysis

2.- Critical Control Points

Using safe water and raw ingredients

3.- Establish critical limits

Separating raw and cooked foods

4.- Monitor CCP

Keeping food at safe temperatures

5.- Establish corrective action

6.- Verification

Cooking thoroughly

7.- Recordkeeping

159

Raisins

Raisins 2012-2017 Foreign trade

The cultivation of raisins showed an adverse productive scenario; its volume registered a 3% decrease in the 2012-2017 period.

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Percentage of the production value by state Baja California 4.1

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

Sonora 95.9

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

Sonora contributes almost the entire national production, with 96.5% of the total.

14

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

10,717

1,848

-8,869

-44.1

1.9

Value

15.8

1.8

-14

-47.5

31.9

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Of the nations that import this dried fruit, the four with the largest purchases are: the United Kingdom, Germany, Holland and Kazakhstan, who do not buy from Mexico.

1,473,372*

USA

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Belize Guatemala

Producing states

* USD Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

2017

13,130 12,852 278

National total Sonora Baja California

11,304 10,913 391

Variation (%) 2012-2017

There are two types of dry grapes: dark and light. The first is obtained by dehydrating the fruit under the sun, and the second when the drying process takes place in hot air tunnels.

-13.9 -15.1 40.6

Buyer

Annual per capita consumption Sown

Lost

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Harvested

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

3

11

197

3.5

17,410

-10.0 -0.4

-3.2 12.4

0.1

Variations %

Thousand hectares

0.3

0.2 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

4

NA

-0.5 -0.1

NA NA

-12.4 -21.1 -23.7 -2.6 -3.0 9.1 Does not apply

Decrease

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of fruits

Area

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

2012-2017 Indicators

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

0 to 400 MASL

300 to 600 mm

15 to 25 °C

Loamy or medium soils with good depth

34.4

33

100%

30

30

31.1

Because of to the presence of the ideal geographical conditions for raisin production, Sonora and Baja California harvest the entirety of raisin volume in the country .

21.7 22.3 19.4

18.9

15.8

0.1%

Increase

2012

2017

0.1%

National monthly production (%) The largest harvests of this fruit take place during July.

Least or not available

Mostly available

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

82.3

2.7

12.4

2.6

0.0

0.0

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

160

Trade balance

million USD

The dehydration level of these grapes allows them to be stocked, making a constant trade possible throughout the year. For Mexico, the most significant volume is exported in September and October, and regarding its imports, the largest purchase period corresponds to the last two months of the year.

11

14

14

13

12

13

12

10

10

10

12

1 2

Exports

Of the six countries from which Mexico purchased this fruit during 2017, the United States and Chile provide the largest amount: 7,208 and 3,108 tonnes, respectively. Among the nine nations that acquired Mexican grapes, the most common destination is the United States with 1,526 tonnes.

Average Promedio

Rank

Imports

2.3

2

2008

2009

4

2010

2.3

1.4

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.1 3.9 8.2 7.2 9.2 9.0 9.2 9.0 10.6 9.0 8.5 10.1

Exports

5.5 6.4 3.4 6.5 7.3 4.3 6.2 11.5 11.4 15.9 10.6 11.0

Raisins production potential

161

Blackberry

Blackberry

World ranking

Technical improvements in the cultivation of this fruit had a favorable impact on its production; with an annual increase of 8.8% in 2017.

2

nd

Percentage of the production value by state

Mexico

2012

1

2017

st

world producer

139,803 tonnes

Blackberry is produced in 61 countries. Vietnam contributes 13.8% to the global supply of this fruit.

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

Mexico is an international benchmark in the production of this berry; it contributes one quarter of the total harvested volume.

270,399 tonnes

Baja California 0.7

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

2012-2017 Foreign trade The fields of Michoacan are ideal for the sowing of blackberry; their production value in 2017 exceeded 10.31 billion MXN. Trend Tendencia

118

116

62

136

140

129

153

123

249

270

Average Promedio

2008

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

150

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

408

70,086

69,678

113

39.4

Value

2.5

321

318.5

311

56.5

million USD

The growing international demand for berries has encouraged the Mexican production of blackberry for foreign sale. In 2017, the volume and value exported exceeded the previous year’s flows in 1,720 tonnes and 5.8 million USD.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The international sales destinations of Mexican blackberry continue to increase. In 2012, it was exported to 25 countries, and in 2017 it extended to 31. The United States acquired 65,248 tonnes; amount that represented 93.1% of the total exports.

238

Imports

United Kingdom

289,618,983*

The challenge of the internationalization of this Mexican berry is the expansion of sales to nations of the European Union.

Netherlands

USA

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Michoacan Jalisco Colima Baja California Estado de Mexico Guanajuato Morelos Queretaro Veracruz Mexico City Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

139,803 134,708 3,883 915 0 81 0 23 68 36 20 69

270,399 260,143 7,566 1,670 722 123 59 36 33 17 16 16

Jalisco 1.1

Variation (%) 2012-2017

93.4 93.1 94.9 82.5 NA 52.3 NA 56.0 -51.5 -54.2 -19.9 -77.7

Michoacan 97.7

Buyer

Volume

Value

Yield

Average rural price

Lost

Harvested

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

Tonnes / hectare

MXN / tonne

13

270

10,558

21.5

39,046

Thousand hectares

Variations %

13 1.7

1.6 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

NA

-2.0 2.2

NA NA

-3.1 1.9

8.8 14.1

14.0 22.2 Does not apply

12.3 12.0

Blackberry orchards produce their maximum harvest in May.

Altitude

Rain

Temperature

Edaphology

2,000 to 3,000 MASL

300 to 900 mm

5 to 22 °C

Loamy and sandy loamy soils with good drainage

It is a crop that develops favorably in heights greater than 1,500 MASL; however, there are areas in Michoacan where it takes place at altitudes ranging from 1,200 to 1,400 MASL.

222

205 207 151

4.8 7.1

Decrease

321

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

280

100%

0.8%

Increase

2012

2017

1.2%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

7.2

7.0

9.4

9.7

14.6

11.9

1.5

4.1

6.9

7.8

10.5

9.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

162

315

Share in the national production of fruits Area

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Sown

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

It is possible to identify the degree of ripeness of a blackberry by looking at its color; it starts greenish-white, going through red and finally reaching purple or black.

Annual per capita consumption

1.5

* USD

158

109

126

0.1

0.04

1.02

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.1

2.2

2.7

2.5

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 18.0 19.7 23.3 15.6 8.1 13.8 0.2 0.2

Exports

9.9 9.8 16.0 13.5 13.5 2.7 0.4 0.4 2.1 8.2 10.5 13.0

Blackberry production potential

163

164

Livestock Subsector 165

Poultry in carcass

Poultry in carcass

World ranking

5

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

With a joint production that represents 33.8% of the total, Jalisco, Veracruz and Queretaro, generated 33.551 billion MXN in 2017.

3,191

Average Promedio

2,581

2,636

2,681

2,765

2,792

2,808

2,880

2,962

3,078

3,212

2,839

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

2008

3,211,686 tonnes

International poultry production amounts to just over 107 million annual tonnes; the United States contributes 17.5% of said volume.

6

th

world producer

2,791,639 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

In 2017, the national poultry production was 4.3% higher than the previous year, so the average annual growth rate for the period from 2012 to 2017 was of 2.8%.

Mexican poultry farming has a production scale that represents 3 out of every 100 tonnes that are obtained in the world.

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

574,358

960

-573,398

69

-55

Value

641

1.2

-639.8

24.4

-58.5

million USD

Poultry appears between the meats of greater consumption in Mexico; even when the national production is significant, it is necessary to make imports to satisfy the internal demand. In 2017, 574,358 tonnes of this good were acquired.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

The United States, Brazil and Chile are the countries from which Mexico buys most of the imported poultry, with 483,000 tonnes, 79,134 tonnes and 11,763 tonnes, respectively. In 2012, national purchases came from two nations, and in 2017 they amounted to six.

Decrease

The world’s imports of poultry meat reach around 12.5 million annual tonnes. In that flow, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong and Mexico hold the largest shares.

Queretaro 11.0 Vietnam

Top 10 in production volume Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Jalisco Veracruz Queretaro Aguascalientes Durango Guanajuato Puebla Chiapas Yucatan Sinaloa Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

2,791,639 313,743 294,323 223,752 250,301 285,542 176,681 156,965 154,840 119,542 132,138 683,811

3,211,686 373,607 357,127 354,633 338,388 276,478 210,187 176,866 173,566 136,266 127,243 687,324

2012-2017

15.0 19.1 21.3 58.5 35.2 -3.2 19.0 12.7 12.1 14.0 -3.7 0.5

* USD

Buyer

Variations %

30.7

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

On average, the muscular tissue of poultry in carcass represents almost 62%, fat accounts for 21% and the rest corresponds to the bone structure of the bird.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of livestock

2012-2017 Indicators

30.6 kg

625

100%

Stock

Production

Value

Producer average price

Million birds

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

354

3,212

99,324

30,926

2.1 1.4

4.3 2.8

8.2 5.5

3.6 2.6 Increase

Edaphology

Humidity

Temperature

Orientation

NA

40 to 75%

15 to 25 oC

Coops in dry, well-drained areas

Location

641

638

521

515

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

From 5 to 10km away from human settlements

515

In the country, there are several areas with the potential to develop it; however, poultry farming is carried out under a controlled environment in all 32 states.

444 315 323

14.6%

2012

2017

15.2%

National monthly production (%) Poultry production systems in the country allow this activity to supply very similar volumes of this good throughout the year.

Moderately available

9.5

9.5

9.6

8.0

7.8

7.9

8.0

7.8

7.9

7.7

7.8

8.5

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

166

Congo

Brazil

Variation (%)

Annual per capita consumption

30.5

Veracruz 11.1

Jalisco 11.7

Main producing states

637,717*

358

0.5

2.4

3.1

5.2

2.9

1.9

1.9

0.6

1.6

1.2

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.9 7.5 8.1 7.5 8.5 8.3 8.1 9.2 8.7 9.1 9.0 8.1

Exports

5.2 7.9 7.1 7.8 5.2 13.2 2.6 5.5 13.6 16.1 10.8 5.0

Poultry in carcass production potential

167

LAYING HEN: they might not be mother hen, but they do lay the eggs Eggs are the main source of animal protein for Mexicans and the most economical one. Technified egg production can be carried out in one, two or three cycles, depending on factors such as the increase in production cost, consumer price, among others.

Productive cycle (Average parameters)

1.6

5th month 26.2 eggs 60.9 gr per egg 1.60 kg produced

1.2

1 month 10.4 eggs 46.7 gr per egg 0.49 kg produced

0.2

Indicator Laying period (age) Viability Average egg weight Eggs per hen during the period Egg production per hen Body weight of the hen

Parameter 18 to 90 weeks 94% 62.0 gr 426 26.4 kg 1.71 kg

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

2 months of molting 1

12

2

3

4

5

6

Months

Egg formation Fertilization Vitelline membrane Albumen deposit Outer and inner shell membranes Albumen hydration Eggshell formation Oviposition

20 minutes

Yolk

3 hours 30 minutes 1 hour 15 minutes 21 hours

Egg white

1 hour 30 minutes

Vitelline membrane Outer and inner shell membranes

Eggshell membranes Eggshell

Yolk

Mo

bil

Calves mustering

58,263 49,298 16,587 9,186 3,633 1,438 8,811 147,216

Arid and semi-arid zone

Cow-calf system, with pure European breeds such as Hereford, Angus and Charolais.

Tropical zone

Cow-calf system, dominated by Criollo cattle crossbred with European breeds.

iza

tio

Expulsion

ion

b Mo

Mo

Fattening and finishing in feedlot

Nuevo Leon

Thousand head

Yucatan

Sinaloa

San Luis Potosi

Sum of Number of installed capacity feedlots (head) 10,000 - 15,000 120,000 9 16,000 - 37,000 301,500 14 Over 40,000 1,665,830 9 Total 2,087,330 32 Stratum

at iliz

Coahuila

Feedlots with greater installed capacity

Location of main feedlots

n

Eggshell

Sonora

168

262,870 177,811 88,630 52,690 35,706 31,636 45,813 695,156

Total 321,133 227,109 105,217 61,876 39,339 33,074 54,824 842,372

Egg white

Development in grazing

States with the highest number of laying hens

1,503 501 135 39 to 88 Less than 39

Heifers

Tempered Zone

General process for the production of steers for supply

The reproductive system of the hen has the ability to produce one egg in a period of 24 to 26 hours

Source: SIAP.

Rest of the country

Calves

Dual-purpose system (calf and milk), with Zebuine breeds (Indobrasil, Brahman, Guzerat, Gyr) and their crossbreeds.

12th month 23.1 eggs 63.5 gr per egg 1.47 kg produced

24 to 26 hrs

0.4

Production parameters

State Sonora Chihuahua Tamaulipas Coahuila Durango Nuevo Leon

st

0.6

Most of the national egg production is obtained with efficient production parameters, very close to the ones shown below:

2017 Export of feeder calves (Head)

Total

0.8

0.0

Calf breeding is carried out in different regions of Mexico, with production systems based on grazing and adapted to the environmental conditions. This activity provides both the cattle to be fattened in our country and that to be exported to the United States for the same purpose.

Average 19.5 eggs 63.7 gr per egg 1.23 kg produced

1.0

Pullets have a rearing period of 17 weeks (4 months).

Calves for fattening are the indispensable input to produce beef and, for this reason, they also constitute a profitable product with great demand of the livestock of our country.

Forced molting: Hens undergo a process of induced molting to stop egg production and promote the regeneration of their reproductive system.

Kilograms 1.8

1.4

FEEDER CALVES: valuable input and star product

bil

iza

tio

n

Slaughter

In each phase of the production process, livestock increase their weight and value

$

Durango Puebla Jalisco Guanajuato

Cattle fattening is also carried out in all regions of the country, and although the large production in arid areas stands out, it is also becoming important both in tropical areas (Veracruz, Tabasco and Tamaulipas) and in temperate zones (Michoacan).

Providing calves for meat production systems entails one or more mobilizations from the breeding and grazing areas to the feedlots, which can be in a different municipality, state or country.

Sources: SIAP and SENASICA.

169

Beef in carcass

Beef in carcass

World ranking

In 2017, beef production exceeded 1.9 million tonnes; figure 2.6% higher than that obtained in 2016.

6

(thousand tonnes)

With a joint production that represents 33.8% of the total, Jalisco, Veracruz and Queretaro, generated 33.551 billion MXN in 2017.

Trend Tendencia

1,940

Average Promedio

1,705

1,745

1,804

1,821

1,807

1,827

1,845

1,879

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2017

tonnes

137,143 198,994

million USD

788

1,130

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

61,852

-9.7

40.5

342

-5.2

51.2 Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

A market segment for the increase of the foreign sale of Mexican beef corresponds to that of Middle Eastern nations.

1,026,662,048*

USA

Japan Hong Kong

1,820,547 258,565 199,620 65,341 114,690 103,441 56,836 85,173 77,258 93,317 76,982 689,323

1,926,900 258,228 226,858 114,245 104,486 101,220 97,631 92,836 79,470 78,237 71,955 701,733

Variation (%) 2012-2017

5.8 -0.1 13.6 74.8 -8.9 -2.1 71.8 9.0 2.9 -16.2 -6.5 1.8

* USD

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Buyer

Variations %

15.2

15.1 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Bovines are considered ready for slaughter approximately 24 months after birth.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) Share in the national production of livestock

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

1,092 876

Producer average price

Stock

Production

Value

Million head

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

32

1,927

127,375

66,104

1.5 1.5

2.6 1.1

7.2 13.8

4.5 12.5

Altitude

Humidity

Temperature

Edaphology

1,500 to 2,500 MASL

Constant

14 to 21 °C

Fluvisols, cambisols and luvisols soils with mild slope and depth

Location

1,163

100%

1,094

From 5 to 10km away from human settlements

1,130

999

930 831

837

748

899

907

870

788

Jalisco, Tamaulipas and the central zone of the country present the best climatic and geographical conditions for the cattle raising.

731 649

532

289

9.5%

Increase

2012

2017

9.1%

National monthly production (%) With similar volumes, 28.5% of the national beef production is generated between January and March.

Moderately available

143

2008

173

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

9.5

9.5

9.5

7.5

7.7

7.8

8.0

8.0

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.5

Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7.5 7.0 8.1 7.8 8.6 8.4 8.4 9.7 8.6 8.7 8.4 8.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

8.5 7.7 8.7 7.2 8.7 8.3 8.3 8.4 7.9 9.4 9.0 7.9

170

Volume

Exports

Jalisco 13.0

2012

15.0

Imports

Between 2012 and 2017, the volume of beef imports from Mexico decreased, going from 152,000 to 137,000 tonnes. During the same time frame, the behavior of the exports of this livestock product showed an increase from 142,000 to 199,000 tonnes.

Veracruz 12.4

Volume (tonnes)

National total Veracruz Jalisco San Luis Potosi Chiapas Sinaloa Durango Baja California Michoacan Chihuahua Sonora Rest

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Value

2017

Main producing states State

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

San Luis Potosi 6.1

Top 10 in production volume Rank

1,926,900 tonnes

Beef from the United States represents 17.4% of the world volume of this livestock product.

6

world producer

There are eight nations from which Mexico buys this bovine product. However, the country has diversified the destination points of its exports of the species, going from 11 to 13 destinations between 2012 and 2017.

1,927

1,667

1,803

2017

th

world producer

1,820,547 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

2008

2012

th

Mexico figures among the first 10 nations in beef production; it contributes three of every 100 tonnes to the world supply.

Mexico

Beef in carcass production potential

171

Pork in carcass

Pork in carcass

World ranking

A greater technification in the national systems of hog production allowed the activity to grow at an average annual rate of 3.1% from 2012 to 2017.

16

th

Sonora 15.0

(thousand tonnes)

Jalisco is the main producer of this meat, with revenues of 14.58 billion MXN (2017); Sonora and Puebla follow, with 9.324 and 6.909 billion MXN, respectively.

1,435

Average Promedio

2014

2015

2016

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

1,238,625 236,433 233,727 122,194 105,150 105,996 108,965 40,771 24,632 28,933 20,861 210,964

1,441,850 301,148 261,757 165,563 138,917 129,665 113,522 44,394 28,343 27,680 22,462 208,399

tonnes

Value

million USD

Trade balance

806,707 127,695 -679,012 1,391

538

-853

Imports

Exports

56.2

79.1

39.4

42.4 Increase

Commercial origin-destination

Canada and the United States largely satisfy the purchases of this meat that the country makes. Japan and Korea buy most of Mexico’s exports. Between 2012 and 2017, the nations from which the country bought this livestock good went from five to six, and the number of buyers of Mexican pork from nine to eleven.

The implementation or renegotiation of Mexico’s commercial agreements with various regional blocks envisages opportunities for the exports of pork meat to alternative markets in Asia and Europe.

Japan

Jalisco 23.4

Variation (%) 2012-2017

16.4 27.4 12.0 35.5 32.1 22.3 4.2 8.9 15.1 -4.3 7.7 -1.2

* USD

Buyer

The “supreme pork” must reach slightly more than 6 months of age for its commercialization, weighing an average of 124 kilograms.

Supplier

Main

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Altitude

Humidity

Temperature

NA

50 and 75%

17 to 24 °C

Location

Edaphology Fully-slated, isolated soils, straw

5 to 10km away from human settlements

1,546

Variations %

17.3

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

(Mexican exports)

Share in the national production of livestock

2012-2017 Indicators

17.2 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

1,391 1,289

100%

Stock

Production

Value

Producer average price

Million head

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

17

1,442

62,191

43,133

3.1 1.7

4.8 3.1

9.3 9.0

4.3 5.7

998

974

538

704 318

6.5%

2012

2017

6.8%

National monthly production (%) Moderately available

This product is available throughout the whole year; however, the greatest amount is generated during the first quarter.

9.5

9.4

9.3

7.5

7.6

7.9

7.9

7.8

8.0

8.0

8.3

8.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

2009

429 445

2010

2011

2012

2013

432 395

317

227

2008

378

307

Hog farming is not limited to develop in a specific geographical area, as long as it is under controlled environments.

1,236

1,175

877

655

Increase

172

Volume

Exports

2017

Annual per capita consumption

17.1

Imports

Puebla 11.1

Volume (tonnes)

National total Jalisco Sonora Puebla Yucatan Veracruz Guanajuato Michoacan Chiapas Oaxaca Queretaro Rest

Variation (%) 2012-2017

428,015,872*

Main producing states State

2012-2017 Foreign trade

1,441,850 tonnes

USA

Top 10 in production volume Rank

In the world meat production, that of pork represents a greater volume; half of it corresponds to China.

Mexican hog production has the challenge of expanding its generating capacity to reduce the volume of pork meat purchased abroad, but also to broaden and expand its exports to other latitudes.

1,442

1,291

2013

1,376

1,284

2012

2011 0

1,323

1,239

2010

1,202

1,175

1,161

1,162

1,265

2009

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Trend Tendencia

2008

15

2017

th

world producer

1,238,625 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

One in every 100 kilograms of pork meat produced in the world is Mexican.

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9.0 7.9 8.1 6.9 8.5 8.0 7.8 8.2 8.1 8.9 8.9 9.7

Exports

7.1 7.3 8.6 7.3 8.9 7.6 9.2 8.0 8.0 9.8 8.4 9.8

Pork in carcass production potential

173

OVERVIEW OF MEXICAN PORK EXPORT Among the Mexican products of animal origin that stand out for their sales abroad, those originating from pork generate 563 million USD in annual currency income, mainly for the export of fresh and frozen meat, which has progressively increased in recent years.

Exported volume of pork

128

(thousand tonnes) 105 97 84

59 38

71

66 52

45

89

63

58

27

22

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

The success of the export of Mexican pork meat relies on:

2017

The implementation, throughout the productive chain, of practices and standards that generate safe goods with international quality standards.

The reproduction, breeding and development in a context of zero or low prevalence of diseases in the animal inventory.

FOTO DE PORCINO PENDIENTE

Mexico was declared Classical Swine Fever-free territory The capability to offer select cuts for consumers in high income countries. On August 14, 2012 by SAGARPA

Main destinations of Mexican pork

In May 2015 by the World Organization for Animal Health

(tonnes)

Countries that granted sanitary recognition to Mexico:

174

Chile (2012)

Japan (2015)

Canada (2016)

Costa Rica (2018)

New Zealand (2018)

United States (2018)

96 ,000

15,000

11,000 Source: SIAP with data from the General Administration of Customs and the Ministry of Economy.

175

Table egg

Table egg

World ranking

6

In recent years, egg production has increased steadily; during the 2012-2017 period, it increased at an average annual rate of 3.6%.

In 2017, Jalisco and Puebla stood out as leaders in the national production of this poultry product; together, they contributed 37.114 billion MXN to the livestock subsector.

2,785

Average Promedio

2,720

2,771

2013

2,653

2,516

2,318 2012

2,567

2010

2,459

2,381

2,337

2,360

2,508

2009

2014

2015

2016

2017

Volume (tonnes)

National total Jalisco Puebla Sonora Yucatan Nuevo Leon Guanajuato Durango Sinaloa Coahuila San Luis Potosi Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2017

2,318,261 1,125,670 480,750 116,673 74,750 103,416 85,200 80,766 32,365 62,337 2,499 153,834

2,771,196 1,503,293 501,254 135,517 87,065 85,016 78,264 65,518 62,687 43,134 39,833 169,616

2012-2017

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

22,687

462

-22,226

9.2

-92.1

Value

28.5

2.1

-26.4

-42.4

-81.6

million USD

The strength of the productive capacity of the Mexican poultry industry allows it to generate egg volumes that practically cover the internal demand of this livestock product completely, which is why its foreign trade is minimal.

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

During 2017, the country acquired 22,687 tonnes of eggs from abroad; of them, 99.7% came from the United States. In 2012, Mexican imports of this poultry product came from two countries. Six years later, that number increased to three. Europe and North America are home to the countries that import more eggs, with Germany making the biggest acquisitions: 20.4 million boxes annually.

Japan

Japón

* USD

19.5 33.5 4.3 16.2 16.5 -17.8 -8.1 -18.9 93.7 -30.8 1,494 10.3

Buyer

The color of the eggshell (white or brown) will depend on the breed of the chicken, while the hue of the yolk results from the bird’s feeding.

Variations %

22.7

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD) 113.7

Share in the national production of livestock

2012-2017 Indicators

22.6 kg

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production Edaphology

Humidity

Temperature

NA

40 to 70%

24 to 37 °C

94.6

Stock

Production

Value

Producer average price

Million head

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

202

2,771

52,667

19,005

-0.2 1.6

1.9 3.6

8.0 6.7

6.0 2.9 Decrease

Orientation Coops in dry, well drained places

Location From 5 to 10km away from human settlements

76.8

Due to its characteristics, the production of table egg is carried out in controlled environments, which allows many states to have a high potential for its production.

100%

Increase

49.4

51.3

28.5

12.2%

2012

2017

13.1%

11.5 7.8 1.5

2008

National monthly production (%) The production is distributed homogeneously throughout the year; with greater shares from January to March.

Moderately available

9.6

1.8

3.2

2009

2010

10.1

11.6

10.5

2011

1

2012

2013

0.00002

2014

5.5 0.9

2015

2016

2.1 2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

9.4

9.1

9.3

7.5

7.7

7.9

8.0

8.1

8.1

8.2

8.4

8.3

Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5.6 7.8 9.3 8.7 15.2 10.4 9.6 14.8 8.1 5.5 3.1 1.9

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

9.0 3.0 4.8 12.6 9.0 9.0 13.7 9.0 4.3 5.3 4.3 16.0

176

Imports

Variation (%)

Annual per capita consumption

22.5

Variation (%) 2012-2017

Puebla 19.4

Jalisco 51.0

2012

2,771,196 tonnes

Cuba

Main producing states State

2012 - 2017 Foreign trade

China stands out as the main producer of fresh egg in the world; contributing 35.9 %.

1,330,410*

Top 10 in production volume Rank

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Sonora 4.8

Trend Tendencia

2008

4

One in every twenty-seven eggs produced in the world is generated by Mexican laying hens.

2017

th

world producer

2,318,261 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

(thousand tonnes)

0 2011

2012

th

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

Table egg production potential

177

Cow milk

Cow milk

World ranking

16

The production of milk in the country continues to show an increasing trend; from 2012 to 2017, the production volume increased at an average annual rate of 1.6%.

th

(Million liters)

Trend Tendencia

Because of the value generated by dairy production, Jalisco, Coahuila and Durango are the leading states; together, they obtained an income of 28.775 billion MXN in 2017.

Coahuila 11.8

11,792

Promedio Average

10,966

2012

2013

2014

11,768

10,881

2011 0

11,608

10,724

2010

11,395

10,677

2009

11,130

10,549

10,589

11,029

2008

2015

2016

2017

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2017

Volume

447,250

Value

824

thousand liters million USD

Cow milk stands out among the most widely consumed livestock products in Mexico. One quarter of the national available volume is imported from other countries. Mexico also exports this dairy product; in 2016 and 2017, there was a significant increase in the volume of its trade.

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

77,982 -369,268

19.2

93.2

-9.8

117

170

-654

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

The annual world imports of milk exceed 13.421 billion liters. In this commercial flow, Germany stands out with the acquisition of the largest volume: 4 million.

United States

84,382,626* Venezuela

10,880,870 2,024,967 1,287,918 1,037,913 979,502 735,616 715,190 422,768 469,315 367,599 402,727 2,437,355

11,767,556 2,306,316 1,337,493 1,190,199 1,095,175 822,161 743,182 442,688 440,268 432,041 425,343 2,532,691

Variation (%) 2012-2017

8.1 13.9 3.8 14.7 11.8 11.8 3.9 4.7 -6.2 17.5 5.6 3.9

Buyer

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Altitude

Humidity

Temperature

Edaphology

1,500 to 2,500 MASL

Constant

14 to 21 °C

Fluvisol, cambisol and luvisol soils of mild slope and depth

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

Location 5 to 10km away from human settlements

Variations %

98.3 L

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Holstein is one of the most common milk cow breeds in Mexico. It reaches up to 675 kilograms in weight and an average daily production of 40 liters.

Stock

98.4

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

* USD

Share in the national production of livestock

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

100% Production

Value

Million head

Million liters

Million MXN

MXN/liter

3

11,768

70,660

6.0

0.7 0.9

1.4 1.6

4.3 4.6

2.9 3.0

1,012

947 913

793

Producer average price

Increase

960

824 725

692

For their adaptation, dairy cows need temperate climate conditions. In the tropics, milk is produced with animals of double purpose, which implies lower dairy yields.

622 508

170

55.4%

2012

2017

54.1%

64.8

53.5

73.4

86.3

2008

2009

2010

2011

78.1

81.4

83.1

71.8

85.7

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

National monthly production (%) With steady production levels, the availability of milk is present throughout the whole year.

Moderately available

9.3

9.1

9.3

7.6

7.7

8.0

8.4

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.0

7.9

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

178

Imports

Jalisco 18.2

2012

98.2

Variation (%) 2012-2017

The contribution of the production of the United States to the global availability of milk represents 14.6%.

Colombia

Volume (thousand liters)

National total Jalisco Coahuila Durango Chihuahua Guanajuato Veracruz Puebla Estado de Mexico Aguascalientes Chiapas Rest

11,422,593 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Durango 10.7

Main producing states State

world producer

In 2017, the industrialized milk that the country acquired from abroad came from 21 countries; two less than in 2012. The United States is Mexico’s main supplier of this dairy product, and Venezuela buys the largest national exported volume.

Top 10 in production volume Rank

14

2017

th

world producer

10,561,900 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexico’s livestock activities generate a volume of fresh cow milk that represents 1.8% of the world total.

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.0 7.8 8.1 7.3 9.5 8.9 8.5 9.9 8.8 8.9 8.5 7.8

Exports

4.8 8.8 4.7 4.2 11.6 11.7 13.5 8.6 10.4 8.6 6.0 7.1

Cow milk production potential

179

Honey

Honey

World ranking

In 2017, national beekeeping activities generated 51,065 tonnes, which reflected a 7.8% decrease in production compared to the previous year.

9

th

(thousand tonnes)

2017

Three out of every hundred kilograms of bee honey obtained in the world come from Mexican hives.

51,065 tonnes

China generates the highest production of this sweetener, contributing 27.5% of the international supply.

8

th

world producer

58,602 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade In 2017, Jalisco generated the highest volume and value of honey production with 5,815 tonnes and 280 million MXN, respectively.

Promedio Trend

57

Average Tendencia

2012

2013

51

59

2011 0

55

58

2010

62

56

2009

61

56

2008

57

60

56

2014

2015

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

1

27,722

27,721

NA

-13.5

Value

0.007

105

104.993

NA

3.2

million USD

Half of the sweetener generated by Mexican apiculture is destined for the foreign market. The lower domestic production of recent years determined a fall in the exportable volume. Nonetheless, the rebound in the sale price brought more foreign currency to the country.

Does not apply

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Of the honey exported volume, 41.2% is destined for the German market, another 18.6% for the United States and the remaining 40.2% for 26 different countries. Between 2012 and 2017, the international destinations for this Mexican apiculture product went from 22 to 28. 36,846,079* Germany

United Kingdom United States

Nine of the ten main honey importing countries in the world are Mexico’s buyers. Poland, with more than 26,000 annual tonnes acquired abroad could represent an additional market for Mexico.

Veracruz 9.0

Top 10 in production volume

Jalisco 12.8

Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Jalisco Chiapas Veracruz Yucatan Oaxaca Campeche Quintana Roo Puebla Guerrero Zacatecas Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

58,602 5,940 4,945 4,576 10,405 3,782 7,716 2,159 3,137 2,344 1,637 11,960

51,065 5,815 5,324 4,704 4,351 4,078 3,767 3,044 2,435 2,101 2,078 13,368

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-12.9 -2.1 7.7 2.8 -58.2 7.8 -51.2 41.0 -22.4 -10.4 26.9 11.8

Chiapas 9.6

Variations %

0.3

0.2 kg

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

* USD

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

A derivative of this sweetener is honey powder, which is obtained through the dehydration of the liquid. The export price of one kilogram can reach a price of 73 MXN.

Supplier

Main

Share in the national production of livestock

Rain

Temperature

Location

600 to 2,500 mm

12 to 25 °C

Abundant vegetation, surface water supplies

Edaphology NA 147

156

Factors such as flowering periods, the regions where bee hives are located and the climate determine characteristics such as acidity, crystallization, color and density, among others. That is, the types and qualities of honey.

100%

Stock

Production

Value

Producer average price

Million hives

Thousand tonnes

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

2.0

51

2,190

42,895

-0.3 -0.5

-7.8 -2.7

-3.9 1.8

4.2 4.6

Increase

101 85.7

83.8 81.2

0.3%

Decrease

2012

2017

0.2%

105

112 93.7

90.3

0.008

0.003

0.003

0.004

0

0.021

0.003

0.015

0.01

0.007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

National monthly production (%) The highest volumes of honey in the country are generated during April-May and November-December, amounting to 60% of the annual total.

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

4.6

6.3

8.4

14.8

15.2

6.9

1.9

1.2

2.4

8.3

15.6

14.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

180

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Altitude 0 to 3,000 MASL

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

0.1

Adequate geographical characteristics for the production

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52.9 0.0 47.1

Exports

7.5 4.0 8.0 5.3 11.5 19.7 17.8 9.6 6.1 4.1 2.1 4.3

Honey production potential

181

182

Fishing Subsector

183

Tuna

Tuna

World ranking

Some climate events in recent years have affected the production of tuna in national waters. Thus, the production of the species decreased at an average annual rate of 0.2% during the 2012-2017 period.

11

th

Percentage of the production value by state

About half of the production of tuna is obtained in Sinaloa. During 2017, the state generated a production value of 1.12 billion MXN.

Trend Tendencia

127

Average Promedio

106

117

110

98

129

162

130

114

97

115

91

world producer

96,793 tonnes

The fishing and aquaculture activity in Mexico contributes 2 out of every 100 tonnes of tuna generated in the world.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

Indonesia supplies 18.5% of the world total.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

(thousand tonnes)

2008

13

2017

th

world producer

97,872 tonnes

Baja California 23.5

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

2009

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

82,504

45,793

-36,711

79.7

28

Value

217

228

11

73

53.7

million USD

Of the tuna imported by Mexico during 2017, 80.3% corresponded to frozen whole fish. In the country’s exported volume, processed tuna represented 61.7%.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

In 2017, Mexico imported this fishing good from 28 nations, with purchases made to the United States, China and South Korea standing out. In that year, Mexican tuna was exported to 31 countries; 11 more than in 2012.

United States

Sinaloa 46.3

In 2017, global trade of this fish exceeded five million tonnes. Thailand is one of the most relevant buyers; it acquired 240,000 tonnes from other countries. However, Mexico’s foreign sales potential lies in Italy.

Japan

64,811,838*

Venezuela

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Chiapas Colima Baja California Veracruz Nayarit Oaxaca Guerrero Baja California Sur Jalisco Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

97,872 56,470 13,926 21,226 3,455 1,618 227 305 49 476 69 53

96,793 52,013 18,162 11,818 10,026 1,479 1,186 955 555 458 85 58

Variation (%) 2012-2017

-1.1 -7.9 30.4 -44.3 190 -8.6 423 213 1,041 -3.8 24.4 30.7

* USD Chiapas 14.8

The fishing nets used by tuna boats can measure slightly over 2 kilometers in length and is ideal for purse seine fishing.

Variations %

1.0 6.9

1.2 7.1

1.1 7.0 kg kg.

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Producer average price

Live weight Landed weight (thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes)

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

2,416

25,149

-22.4 16.9

-8.8 17.2

96

-14.9 -0.3

Increase

Acidity

Temperature

0 to 200 meters

pH of 7.8 - 8.2

12 to 18 °C

65.5

5.8%

Decrease

2012

2017

4.7%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

2.8

12.9

10.6

12.8

10.2

10.5

8.0

9.3

5.3

12.6

3.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Dissolved oxygen

Salinity level NA

5.0 a 10 mg/lt

The littorals of the north of the Mexican Pacific have the ideal geographical conditions for the production of tuna.

179

175 148

1.3

184

Depth

217

National monthly production (%) The largest production of tuna is obtained from March to July, representing 57%.

Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing

228

100% Value

-15.1 -0.2

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

323

Share in the national production of fisheries

Volume

97

Supplier

Main

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

74.7

59.9

45.8 13.2

41

2008

2009

2010

79.5

2011

125

2012

147

132

126

84.4

81.3

2013

2014

101

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.8 6.3 6.0 8.8 9.7 4.3 3.4 9.0 14.9 2.7 12.9 13.2

Exports

5.9 12.4 9.3 10.8 11.1 10.9 10.0 6.1 7.0 5.7 5.6 5.2

Tuna production potential

185

ure

Rest of the country Jalisco 2.0 kg. 2.1 kg

Of every 100 kg:

Others

7.6% 11.3% 37.4

36.1

7.6%

Shrimp

1st

China produces 33

2nd

Bangladesh produces 24

3rd

Brazil produces 17

Bream

4th

Philippines produces 6

5th

Mexico produces 4

Carp

Tabasco 0.4 kg Michoacan 1.2 kg Veracruz 0.6 kg

Nayarit 0.6 kg

Achieving balance between fish, plants and bacteria, implies an adequate management in the selection of quantity and density of species, crops and optimal supply of nutrients for each stage of the reproductive cycle.

Mexico ranks 5th in the world production of bream under controlled systems

Aquaculture production by species Oyster

Aquaponic system balance

ics

Chiapas contributes 2.3 kg

pon dro

u

Aq

Aquaculture is the cultivation of aquatic organisms, both in coastal areas and inland, which involves interventions in the breeding process to increase production. For every 10 Kg of live weight of bream, the contribution is:

Hy

MEXICAN AQUACULTURE

lt acu

Sinaloa 0.8 kg

Aim:

AQUAPONICS

To produce fresh, safe and nutritious foods in a controlled manner.

3

Sustainable production between the cultivation of plants and fish farming

To obtain two products through a single source of nitrogen (food and fish feces).

Advantages: Does not require the use of fertilizers and pesticides.

Aquaponics entail the integration of two cultivation methods: aquaculture, which involves growing aquatic animals, and hydroponics, for the production of vegetable crops based on nutritious solutions. In this system, both cultivations benefit from the principles of water recycling and usage of nutrients.

Possibility of creating selfconsumption or communal economies.

4

2

How does it work? The fish eat the food and 2 turn the nitrogen of the proteins in a waste known as "ammonia nitrogen". This in turn, along with other waste generated by the fish 3 is used by bacteria, thus becoming nutrients which are now available for the plants. Once the nitrates are formed, the plants absorb them through their roots and 4 water returns to the fish farm.

1

Nile tilapia

Redbreast tilapia

Tilapia Nutritional Value 100 g of Tilapia contain:

20.08 g protein 1.70 g fat 96 cal, 5% of the recommended daily value 50 mg Cholesterol Minerals Potassium (302 mg) Phosphorus (170 mg) Sodium (52 mg) fluorine-free Vitamin B-3 (3,9 mg) Vitamin D (3,10 mg) Vitamin B-9 (24 mg)

186

Rocky mountain tilapia

Tilapia Genus

Source: SIAP, with data from CONAPESCA and FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.

1

What kinds of fish can be raised?

What can you grow?

The most common fish is bream or tilapia, because it is a very resistant species that can withstand high population density.

Vegetables, medicinal and culinary plants.

Stirling tilapia

Wami tilapia

The daily monitoring of the health status of fish and plants will provide the necessary information on the system balance. Diseases and nutritional deficiencies and/or mortalities are translated as symptoms of an unbalanced system.

Orange Mozambique tilapia

Blue tilapia

Florida red tilapia

Crop species

Germination length of time

Growth time

Temperature (°C)

Sun exposure

Species

Vital/Optimal temperature

% of Protein in food

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

4 to 34/25 to 30

30 to 38

600 gr in 10 months

14 to 36/27 to 30 28 to 32

600 gr in 7 months

10 to 18/14 to 16

42

1 kg in 15 months

Giant freshwater prawn 18 to 34/26 to 29 (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

35

30 gr in 4 months

Basil

6-7 days

5-6 weeks

20-25

Moderate/High

Lettuce

3-6 days

4-5 weeks

15-22

Moderate/High

Peppers

8-12 days

2-3 months

15-30

High

Tomatos

4-7 days

2-3 months

15-25

High

Source: SIAP.

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikyss)

Growth time

187

Shrimp

Shrimp

World ranking

Even though in 2017 shrimp production decreased 1.5% compared to the previous year, the volume achieved was larger than the 224,000 tonnes obtained in 2015.

8

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

Sonora 36.9

Trend Tendencia

Shrimp farming in Sinaloa and Sonora allowed a production value of 13.368 billion MXN in 2017.

Promedio Average

128

158

224

225

222

167 2010

162

196 2009

184

196

186

2008

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

206

0 2011

221,695 tonnes

Of the 9.2 million tonnes of shrimp that are generated in the world, China contributes the largest volume; 41.8% of this total amount.

7

th

world producer

161,852 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

The capture and aquaculture of this decapod in Mexican waters allow the country to supply 2.5% to the world availability of shrimp.

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

19,926

38,238

18,312

41.7

38.7

Value

119

385

266

58.3

46.5

million USD

The exported volume of this crustacean during 2017 represented 16.8% of the total production of the country. During the aforementioned year, the country imported 19,926 tonnes, mainly of cooked shrimp.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

Of the shrimp that Mexico acquires from abroad, 47.7% comes from China. On the other hand, 77.1% of the Mexican exports of the species are acquired by the United States. The destination nations of this national fishery product went from 13 in 2012, to 16 in 2017.

311,201,044*

USA

The United Arab Emirates, South Korea, Venezuela and Denmark make significant external purchases of this crustacean; these countries are emerging as potential markets for Mexican sales.

Francia France

Sinaloa 36.5

Vietnam

Nayarit 9.9

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Sinaloa Sonora Nayarit Tamaulipas Baja California Sur Campeche Colima Veracruz Chiapas Oaxaca Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

161,852 63,870 47,116 13,831 12,205 7,652 7,647 1,946 2,020 1,939 1,549 2,078

221,695 81,355 80,030 20,837 13,210 9,081 4,871 3,714 3,268 1,966 1,962 1,399

Variation (%)

* USD

2012-2017

37.0 27.4 69.9 50.7 8.2 18.7 -36.3 90.9 61.8 1.4 26.7 -32.7

Buyer

The main process to which Mexican shrimp is subject for its commercialization abroad is freezing; being the absence of head, shell and “vein”, whether cooked or raw, a defining characteristic.

Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing 385

Share in the national production of fisheries 100%

324

319

295

274

304

333

Variations %

1.7

1.6 kg

Value

Producer average price

Live weight Landed weight (thousand tonnes) (thousand tonnes)

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

18,209

86,843

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

-1.5 6.5

210

-2.0 7.4

9.9 19.0

Acidity

Temperature

0 to 200 meters

pH of 7.0 - 9.0

20 to 35 C

9.6%

Decrease

2012

2017

10.7%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

97.6

96.9

2009

4.0 to 10 mg/lt

Salinity level 5 to 35 ups

120 75.5

68.6

2008

Slightly more than 66% of the annual production of this crustacean is generated during the last four months of the year.

119

116

Dissolved oxygen

Due to its geographical characteristics, the coastline of Sinaloa is suitable for the production of shrimp.

171

159

o

313

268

239

12.1 10.8 Increase

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%)

3.4

3.5

3.2

1.7

2.9

4.9

6.7

7.4

14.9

23.0

17.9

10.5

Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.6 11.0 9.1 9.4 12.7 8.7 9.4 8.8 7.6 5.9 5.0 5.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Exports

8.5 4.9 4.0 2.9 1.5 1.1 2.3 5.7 7.9 21.7 23.9 15.6

188

Depth

263

Volume

222 1.5.

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Shrimp production potential

189

SHRIMP FISHING SURVEILLANCE:

MEXICAN SHRIMP: crustacean that generates foreign currency

Geo-technologies for fisheries management

Of the fishing products obtained in Mexican waters, shrimp is particularly important because of the contribution of foreign currency generated by its commercialization in foreign markets. One factor for the international acceptance of this Mexican crustacean is the variety of sizes it comes in.

In the world:

In 2017, the SIAP, in coordination with CONAPESCA, carried out the monitoring of the beginning of shrimp fishing season in the bays and lagoons of the state of Sinaloa.

• 152 countries exporting this crustacean • 2 million 862 thousand tonnes exported • 22.934 billion USD is the value of exports • 665 thousand tonnes imported annually by the United States, the main buyer

In Mexico:

Accounting of small boats called "pangas" through satellite imagery

• 56.8% of shrimp is generated through aquaculture • 14th world exporter • 45.4% of the foreign currencies generated by Mexican fishing come from the

Sinaloa

"Pangas" detected with satellite imagery

exports of this species

•7

th

0 Pro

shrimp supplier of the United States

:

Drone

e M60 Matric

Colossal shrimp

Size standards in foreign trade Mexican shrimp volume imported by the United States

Headless pieces per kilogram

Colossal

Miniature shrimp

U15

3,725

Less than 33

Extra jumbo

16/20

33 to 45

Jumbo

21/25

46 to 55

Extra large

26/30

56 to 66

Large

31/40

67 to 88

Medium

41/50

89 to 110

Small

51/60

111 to 132

Extra small

61/70

133 to 154

Miniature

>70

155 and more

With satellite imagery collected by the ERMEX antenna, it was possible to identify a maximum of 2,153 pangas fishing the crustacean during the first week after the ban was lifted.

(tonnes)

4,244 5,553 5,015

In addition to conducting surveillance flights with drones, the start of activities was also witnessed at 4:00 am by using thermal cameras.

4,603 2,306 1,079 286

ERMEX antenna

112 Source: SIAP with data from CONAPESCA.

Note: In US size designations the number refers to the threshold of minimum and maximum pieces of the crustacean per pound. The "U" refers to the word "under" which means "less than". Source: SIAP with data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce 2017, WTO 2016 and the Ministry of Economy.

190

191

Lobster

Lobster

World ranking

In 2017, lobster catch was carried out in 16 states of the country. Together, they achieved a production volume of 4,661 tonnes, which translated into an increase of 14.8% over the previous year.

16

th

Percentage of the production value by state

(thousand tonnes)

Baja California Sur, the leading state in the capture of this crustacean, obtained a production value of 390 million MXN in 2017.

5

Average Promedio

Canada captures 28.6% of the total crustacean from the countries that perform this fishing activity.

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

4,661 tonnes

5

2013

2014

2015

2016

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

343

1,902

1,559

672

144

Value

6.6

88.8

82.2

381

217

million USD

Mexico’s exported volume of this fishing species is minimal, however, the high prices paid in the international markets for the good allow the country an income of 88.8 million USD in foreign currency.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

Worldwide, there are 120 countries that export lobster; in the case of Mexico, the market with the largest purchase of the crustacean is Hong Kong, with 842 tonnes.

Yucatan 15.0

Baja California Sur 45.5

5

4

2012

4

4

3

2011 0.00

3

2

2010

3

3

4

2009

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Trend Tendencia

2008

15

2017

th

world producer

3,040 tonnes

Baja California 17.4

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Lobster fishery in Mexico contributes 1.3% of the global volume.

United States

38,150,796* Hong Kong Vietnam

2017

Mexico exports the crustacean to the four largest importing countries, although the United Arab Emirates represents a commercial window of opportunity for the sale of Mexican lobster.

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

National total Baja California Sur Baja California Yucatan Quintana Roo Guerrero Nayarit Jalisco Sonora Michoacan Sinaloa Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2017

3,040 1,716 600 168 376 0 58 35 9 28 40 9

4,661 2,062 755 644 490 223 167 123 55 53 51 38

Variation (%) 2012-2017

77.6

Value

Producer average price

Landed weight (thousand tonnes)

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

5

5

857

186,362

14.8 8.9

14.9 9.2

4.1 14.6

-9.4 4.9

Acidity

Temperature

Warm waters

NA

36.5 28

0.2%

Decrease

2012

2017

0.2%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

11.0

7.2

2.6

1.7

1.6

1.8

7.0

3.0

12.4

21.8

15.8

14.1

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Dissolved oxygen

Salinity level NA

NA

The coastlines of the Pacific are suitable for lobster catch, representing an opportunity to potentiate its production.

42.6

National monthly production (%) Just over 64% of the lobster available throughout the year is captured from September to December.

Depth 0 to 200 meters

72

100%

Increase

192

Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing 88.8

Live weight (thousand tonnes)

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Share in the national production of fisheries Volume

26

Supplier

Main

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

In Mexico, the minimum landing size for lobster is 135 millimeters in abdominal length.

Variations %

25 g

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

24

* USD

53.3 20.2 25.9 282 30.4 NA 186 255 475 91.7 25.9 336

22.5

17.5

19.1

22.6

1.3

1.7

0.5

0.2

1.4

2

0.5

2.5

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

5.2

6.6

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1.0 4.9 10.8 8.9 18.1 16.8 7.7 3.4 6.8 4.8 2.0 14.8

Exports

8.1 5.6 3.9 0.2 0.4 0.1 1.7 0.9 7.5 26.6 20.5 24.5

Lobster production potential

193

Bream

Bream

World ranking

One of the fishing species with the greatest dynamism of production is bream. During the last six years, its production registered an important average growth: 16.1% annually.

10

2012-2017 National production volume (thousand tonnes)

176

world producer

2012-2017 Foreign trade Variation (%) 2012-2017

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Imports

Exports

Trade balance

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

63,706

3,097

-60,609

66.5

3,727

Value

143

19.9

-123.1

28

3,211

million USD

In order to meet the high level of tilapia consumption in Mexico, the good must be purchased abroad. However, this market reality poses an opportunity for the national aquaculture production of the species.

The national fishery of bream generates a production value of 3.248 billion MXN, of which Jalisco contributes 0.6 billion.

Trend Tendencia

163,714 tonnes

China is the leading producer of bream; it generates a volume that contributes 28.2% to the world supply of this fishing good.

9

th

world producer

77,547 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2017

Mexico

2012

th

Mexico’s fishery activities obtain a volume of bream that represents 2.8% of the world total.

Increase

Commercial origin-destination

China is the nation from which Mexico buys the largest amount of bream; in 2017, 62,727 tonnes were acquired, for which 141.5 million USD were paid.

Average Promedio

110

In 2017, more than 500,000 tonnes of bream were traded between countries in the world; the United States and Mexico are the largest importers of this fishing good.

2012

2013

2014

164

78

2011 0

183

76

2010

USA

135

81

2009

129

77

2008

102

75

19,763,505*

2015

2016

2017

Taiwan Vietnam

Top 10 in production volume Main producing states Rank

Volume (tonnes)

State

2012

National total Jalisco Chiapas Michoacan Nayarit Veracruz Sinaloa Tabasco Guerrero Estado de Mexico Hidalgo Rest

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2017

77,547 4,170 10,962 13,330 7,990 11,292 6,017 3,840 1,533 1,100 3,991 13,324

163,714 34,011 26,621 23,954 12,577 12,476 11,906 7,053 5,819 4,811 4,581 19,906

2012-2017

Michoacan 12.1

111 716 143 79.7 57.4 10.5 97.9 83.7 280 337 14.8 49.4

* USD Chiapas 15.2

Variations %

2.0 kg

Value Million MXN

MXN/tonne

164

160

3,248

20,265

-10.6 16.1

-11.0 16.7

8.2 18.6

21.7 1.6 Increase

180 152

141

Depth

Acidity

Temperature

0 to 200 meters

Warm waters

NA

111

57.4

Decrease

2012

2017

7.9%

The systems used for bream production allow the species to be available throughout the whole year.

Moderately available

8.0

8.5

9.3

8.2

6.7

7.1

8.1

8.2

8.1

9.4

9.0

9.4

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

0.1

0.04

0.1

0.05

1.19

0.6

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

29.1

31.9

23.5

19.9

2014

2015

2016

2017

10.4

2013

Salinity level NA

NA

The littorals of the Mexican Pacific and the state of Veracruz have the appropriate physicalgeographical conditions for the production of bream.

72.9

4.6%

Dissolved oxygen

143

138

99.8

National monthly production (%)

194

Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing 201

Producer average price

Landed weight (thousand tonnes)

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

100%

Live weight (thousand tonnes)

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Supplier

Main

Share in the national production of fisheries Volume

2.1

Buyer

(Mexican exports)

In Mexico, under optimal conditions, tilapia can reach an approximate weight of between 500 and 700 grams in a period of eight to ten months.

2012-2017 Indicators

Annual per capita consumption

1.9

Jalisco 18.5

Variation (%)

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.7 8.5 6.3 7.2 7.4 7.7 7.8 10.2 9.2 9.7 9.0 8.3

Exports

8.8 8.2 10.6 8.6 8.8 3.5 7.8 9.9 6.8 6.1 9.1 11.8

Bream production potential

195

Octopus

Octopus

World ranking

From 2012 to 2017, octopus catch in the country grew at an average annual rate of 3.7%. However, during the last year the production of the species decreased by 4.4% compared to the volume obtained in 2016.

3

rd

3

(thousand tonnes)

Of the 37,192 tonnes of octopus that are caught in the country, Yucatan, the leading state, contributes 67.5% with a value of 1.256 billion MXN.

Tendencia Trend

43

Average Promedio

29

2017

rd

world producer

30,958 tonnes

Percentage of the production value by state

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

One in every ten octopuses captured in the world comes from Mexican aquaculture.

world producer

37,192 tonnes

2012-2017 Foreign trade

13

26

23

28

31

25

36

38

39

37

2010

2011 0

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Volume (tonnes)

State National total Yucatan Campeche Baja California Sur Guerrero Jalisco Veracruz Sonora Quintana Roo Nayarit Baja California Rest

2012

2017

Imports

Exports

Volume tonnes

661

7,183

6,521

44.8

-8.1

Value

3.6

56.5

52.9

37.5

20.9

Increase

Decrease

Commercial origin-destination

Mexico sells octopus to the three largest importing countries of this fishing good: Spain, Japan and Italy. In the last six years, 16 nations have brought the national capture to their tables.

Italy

United States

Japan

Spain

Mexican octopus is present in seven of the ten main importing countries of said product. South Korea, with more than 84,000 tonnes imported in 2017, represents an important market for this product.

30,958 19,280 9,850 551 131 219 108 157 308 11 179 164

37,192 25,122 8,444 1,235 531 447 307 271 231 216 181 207

Variation (%) 2012-2017

20.1 30.3 -14.3 124 305 104 184 72.8 -24.9 1,778 1.2 26.3

* USD

Buyer

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

0.2 kg

Depth

Acidity

0 to 1,500 meters

NA

Temperature NA

Value

68.5

Producer average price

Live weight (thousand tonnes)

Landed weight (thousand tonnes)

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

37

35

1,918

55,003

-4.4 3.7

-4.5 3.8

55.2 19.7

62.5 15.3 Increase

56

56.5 57.2

46.7

1.8%

2012

2017

1.8%

National monthly production (%) Mostly available

Least or not available

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.7

14.7

19.6

23.6

21.3

16.8

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Salinity level NA

30.6

30.5

Decrease

The largest capture of octopus in the country takes place from August to December.

61.3

Dissolved oxygen They are located in the intertidal zones, living between rocks, coral reefs or sea grasses

The octopus is a species that breeds abundantly in the maritime region of the Gulf of Mexico; the two states with the largest fishery are located in this region.

100% Volume

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

105.3

Share in the national production of fisheries

2012-2017 Indicators

0.3

Importer and Exporter

(Mexican imports)

Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing

A part of Mexican octopus aquaculture is performed in an artisanal way through the “garateo” method –known as handline fishing– which relies on the use of “jimbas” or poles to which baited lines are attached.

Variations %

0.1

Supplier

Main

(Mexican exports)

Annual per capita consumption

196

Trade balance

Campeche 24.8

Main producing states

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Exports

Baja California Sur 3.1

Top 10 in production volume Rank

Imports

million USD

National octopus fishery has not yet reached again its historical level; this situation has limited the volume that Mexico traditionally exported.

Yucatan 65.5

2009

Variation (%) 2012-2017

From the world’s oceans 411,000 tonnes of this species are captured every year; those of China represent 33.4%.

24,098,879*

2008

2012-2017 Foreign trade

12.1 3.5

2.7

0.8

1

2.6

2.8

1.3

1.3

0.9

3.6

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.1 11.0 9.2 20.5 9.4 7.6 18.3 4.6 5.5 1.7 0.4 3.7

Exports

3.8 2.1 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 3.3 11.2 23.5 25.0 28.1

Octopus production potential

197

Sardine

Sardine

World ranking

Even though there was a fall in the national capture of the 2014-2016 triennial, in 2017 the national fishery recovered, and as a result, it had an increase of 63.2% with respect to the volume captured the previous year.

6

th

Percentage of the production value by state Sonora 52.9

(thousand tonnes)

In 2017, the value generated by the capture of sardine in Sonora, Baja California Sur and Baja California, was 520 million MXN; 88.9% of the national total.

662

Trend Tendencia

722

728 2013

721

684

2012

442

630

2011 0

444

873

2010

563

816

490

2009

2015

2016

2017

2014

world producer

720,888 tonnes

The annual rebound in the Mexican capture of sardine favorably impacted its exports, going from 5,558 tonnes in 2016, to 25,305 in 2017. Also, the availability of the species encouraged the national export of prepared foods based on this fish. Three of the four main countries to which Mexico exports the species are located in the Asian continent; among them, Thailand leads purchases with 10,998 tonnes. In 2012 and 2017, the foreign sale of this fish reached twenty-five nations.

Baja California Sur 15.2

United States

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2012

2017

721,735 409,767 68,520 90,829 152,522 1 0 48 23 0 14 11

720,888 385,248 146,236 107,165 81,274 571 233 136 23 1 1 1

tonnes

8,361 652

Value

15 1.3

million USD

Imports

Exports

25,305 1,031,642 16,943 1,032,294

301 NA

-37.3 3.9

243 NA

-40 20.7

15.8 2,317

0.8 2,315.7

Increase

Decrease

Côte d’Ivoire, Spain, France and Italy are among the 10 main importers of sardines. Mexico does not sell to those countries yet.

2012-2017

-0.1 -6.0 113 18.0 -46.7 59,976 66,808 183 -3.1 NA -96.1 -90.2

* USD

Pacific sardine, California or northern anchovy, Pacific anchovy, Pacific or California jack mackerel, Pacific thread herring, Japanese anchovy, Chub mackerel and Shortjaw leatherjacket, are names of the different species of sardine from Mexican pelagic fishery.

37

Share in the national production of fisheries

Variations %

Value

Producer average price

Live weight (thousand tonnes)

Landed weight (thousand tonnes)

Million MXN

MXN/tonne

721

636

584

919

63.2 0.0

60.5 0.4

40.5 -0.7

-12.4 -1.1

Annual 2016-2017 AAGR 2012-2017

Increase

Acidity

Temperature

12 to 54 meters

NA

10 to 30 °C

27.5

26.4

26.3 18.2

15.8

17.5

17.3

15

14.5

42.8%

Decrease

2012

2017

34.8%

Mostly available

Moderately available

Least or not available

9.9

9.1

9.6

7.5

9.4

12.2

9.8

5.5

3.5

4.9

8.9

9.7

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Dissolved oxygen

Salinity level

NA

NA

The coastal areas of northwestern Mexico have optimal geographical conditions that allow a large production of sardine.

22.8

National monthly production (%) In national waters, there is a greater catch of this species in June, with 12.2%.

40.3

Depth

32.7

100% Volume

5.8

Adequate geographical characteristics for fishing

Foreign trade evolution (million USD)

2012-2017 Indicators

5.7 kg.

198

Volume

Trade balance

Exports

Variation (%)

Annual per capita consumption

5.6

Imports

Malaysia

Volume (tonnes)

National total Sonora Baja California Baja California Sur Sinaloa Nayarit Yucatan Veracruz Colima Oaxaca Campeche Rest

Variation (%) 2012-2017

5,834,768* Thailand

Main producing states State

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Commercial origin-destination

Top 10 in production volume Rank

There are 117 countries that practice this pelagic capture, amounting to 15.5 million tonnes per year of this species. Peru contributes 18.4% to said volume.

2012-2017 Foreign trade

Average Promedio

2008

10

2017

th

world producer

721,735 tonnes

Baja California 20.7

2012-2017 National production volume

Mexico

2012

Mexican sardine fishery gets 3 of every 100 tonnes captured in the world.

5.6 0.1

0.1

0.6

2008

2009

2010

2.4

4.4

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

4.3

2016

2017

Exports Imports

Monthly distribution of foreign trade (%) Imports

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6.0 6.5 18.5 5.7 5.2 8.6 6.8 6.2 5.7 6.3 11.9 12.6

Exports

2.2 3.1 3.8 0.5 3.0 3.1 4.1 7.0 10.5 21.4 23.1 18.2

Sardine production potential

199

Acronyms

Glossary

ASERCA. Services Agency for the Commercialization and Development of Agricultural Markets BANXICO. Bank of Mexico BM. World Bank (WB) CENAPA. National Center of Animal Health Verification Services CENASA. National Center of Diagnostic Services in Animal Health CINVESTAV. Center for Research and Advanced Studies CONAGUA. National Water Commission CONABIO. National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity CONAPESCA. National Commission for Aquaculture and Fisheries CONAPO. National Population Council CONAZA. National Commission of Arid Zones ENOE. National Occupation and Employment Survey of INEGI ERMEX. Mexico’s Receiving Station FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAOSTAT. Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FIRCO. Shared Risk Trust INAPESCA. National Fisheries Institute INEGI. National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico INIFAP. National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research INC. International Nut and Dried Fruit Council Foundation Inca Rural. National Institute for Capacity Development in the Rural Sector IPN. National Polytechnic Institute

OIE. World Organisation for Animal Health OMC. World Trade Organization (WTO) ONU Mujeres. United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women) Proagro Productivo. Productive Proagro - Part of Sagarpa’s Scheme of Support to Agriculture RAN. National Agrarian Registry SAGARPA. Ministry of Agricuture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food SE. Secretariat of Economy SENASICA. National Agro-Alimentary Health, Safety and Quality Service SEMARNAT. Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources SCT. Secretariat of Communications and Transportation SIAP. Food, Agriculture and Fishing Information Service SINIIGA. National System of Individual Cattle Identification SINEXE. Exotic and Emerging Diseases National Information System SIRVEF. Integrated Information System for the Phytosanitary Epidemiological Surveillance SIVE. National Epidemiological Surveillance System SNICS. National Seed Inspection and Certification Service UACH. Autonomous University of Chapingo UNA. National Union of Poultry Farmers UNAM. National Autonomous University of Mexico UNESCO. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization MDD. Million USD MDP. Million MXN

Some abbreviations of the International System of Units used in this edition kilogram kg square meter m2 cubic meter m3 degree Celsius °C degree ° millimeter mm centimeter cm

meter m kilometer km hectare ha gram g tonne t liter L mililiter mL percentage % meters above mean sea level MASL

200

Agricultural, livestock and fishing production value. Monetary value in current prices of the Autumn-Winter cycle. It is the cycle in which the sows are registered between October and products generated through agricultural, livestock and fishing activities during a certain period. March of the following year. The harvests generally begin in December and end in September of the subsequent year. Agricultural, livestock and fishing production volume. Quantification of the volume of goods generated through the agricultural, livestock and fishing activity during a period of time. Average Annual Growth Rate (AAGR). It is a value that shows the change in terms of The volume of livestock and fishing products corresponds to a civil year, and the agricultural percentage of a variable, applying a factor of temporal succession (years, months, days, hours). products to an agricultural year. Also, the fishing volume is considered in live weight and in the case of some livestock products, such as cow and sheep milk, a conversion factor has been Average producer price. The producer price is defined as the amount of money received by the applied in order to set the measuring units from liters to kilograms. producer for each unit of a good or service generated as production, not including value-added tax (VAT –IVA in Mexico) or other taxes billed to the buyer. In addition, this quote excludes any Agricultural year. It is the 18-month period that results from the addition of the sowings freight charge that was not included in the price and had to be invoiced separately. and harvests that happen in the agricultural Autumn-Winter and Spring-Summer cycles, and of the harvests of perennial products. It stretches from October-December of a year, plus the next Average rural price. It is defined as the price paid to the producer in the first sale inside the complete civil year and the months of January-March of the subsequent year. production area, which is why it does not include economical incentives that the Federal or local governments could grant through support programs for producers. Animal stock. It is the number of animals that are found for livestock exploitation and the obtention of different livestock products in a given period of time. In the case of beekeeping, the Beef in carcass. Slaughtered, bled and skinned animal, opened across the median line of the stock refers to the number of hives. chest and abdomen to the tail; separated from the head at the neck; of the anterior extremities (back legs) at the carpalmetacarpal joint and of the posterior at the level of the tarsometatarsal; Annual per capita consumption. Expresses the availability of a product per inhabitant of a without the presence of tail, amputated at the level of the last caudal vertebra. Without cavity determinate area (country, state, region, etc.) in a specific period. It is the number obtained by viscera (except for the kidneys), leaving the diaphragm adhered; without genitals or udders. dividing by the population of a geographical area the internal production volume, subtracting the exported volume and adding the imported volume. It does not apply for products of indirect Buyer. Expression used to identify countries to which Mexico exports products; also called “client”. consumption such as oil-seeds, ornaments or fodders. Crustacean. Aquatic animal that belongs to the arthropod phylum; main group of invertebrates Annual variation. Value that shows the change that takes place in a variable between two characterized by their chitinous exoskeleton and articulated appendixes; present in salt, fresh periods, one of them is established as the standard for comparison or percentage ratio. waters and land. For example: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, etc. Aquacultural. It refers to the cultivation of organisms that live in water.

Cyclical crops. They are harvests that have a vegetation cycle of less than a year. In the country, the sows and harvests of this kind of crops are concentrated in two cycles: Autumn-Winter and Aquaculture. It is the set of activities directed to the controlled breeding, pre-fattening and Spring-Summer. fattening of species of fauna and flora performed in facilities located in fresh, salt and brackish water through techniques for the breeding or cultivation, that are susceptible to commercial, Destination. It expresses the country or territory to which part of the national production is ornamental or recreational exploitation. sold in the rest of the world.

201

Glossary Exports. Total products or assets that leave national territory temporarily or definitely. Numbers Organic production. Food, animal products or sub-products, or vegetable production can be defined as volume, weight or monetary value. and processing system, with the regulated use of external inputs, restricting and sometimes prohibiting the use of synthetic chemical products. Fishing. It is the activity in which by the capture, collection, extraction, cultivation or any other authorized method, some species that live completely or temporarily in the water are obtained; Origin. It expresses the country or territory from which the volumes of products are imported as well as the previous and following related actions. by the nation. Gross. Unit of measure used for some crops to quantify production, mostly of ornamental plants. Perennial. It refers to fruits and plantations with an economically useful life that goes from It is equivalent to 144 stalks (twelve dozens). two to 30 years; even when biologically, there are species that can be productive for 50 or even 100 years. Harvested surface. It is the surface from which production was obtained, including the one that was partially lost. Perennial crops. They are crops that have a vegetation cycle of more than a year; for this reason, in administrative records January is considered as the start of the harvest and December Hive. Place in which a bee colony lives. as the end. From these crops, there are four which are considered as special perennial because of their productive, commercial and agro-industrial characteristics and they are registered in Importing and exporting country. They are the nations to which specific products are special specific periods for monitoring. They are: alfalfa, cacao, cherry coffee and sugarcane. exported or from which they are imported. Pork in carcass. Body of the slaughtered animal, bled, without hair or bristles, eviscerated (the Imports. Total products or assets that enter national territory temporarily or definitely. Numbers kidneys and internal fat can remain), with skin and extremities, open along the midline (sternocan be defined as volume, weight or monetary value. abdominal), without spinal cord, the head separated from the body at the level of the neck (occipito-atloid articulation) and with the head joined by the soft tissues to the rest of the body. Irrigation mode. It refers to the vocations of the surface, it may be seasonal or through irrigation systems. Potential Market. It is a condition of characterization of an importing market of a country for foreign trade, which is established based on different assumptions of commercial, statistic, Irrigation surface. Area where the artificial supply of water is applied to benefit the crops. productive or customs nature.

Glossary Seasonal surface. Area in which the development of the crops depends entirely on the rains or Supplier. Expression used to identify the countries from which Mexico imports a product. the residual humidity of the soil. Table egg. Non fertile or non fertilized egg, destined for human consumption or for industrial use. Sown surface. The agricultural surface in which the seed or sapling of any crop is deposited after preparing the soil; also called sowed surface. Temperature. It is the degree or level of heat in the environment and is measured in degrees Celsius. Species. Set of beings that have one or several common characteristics. It is the basic unit for Trade balance. It refers to the amount of purchases minus the sales of products that a country biological classification. makes. The balance has a surplus for a country when the total exports is larger than the imports and a deficit when the imports exceed the exports. Spring-Summer cycle. It is the cycle where sows are registered between April and September of the same year and the harvests are registered from June to March of the subsequent year. Vegetation cycle. It is the sequence of changes in a vegetal organism from its germination to the production of fruits. State. Major geographical unit of the political-administrative division of the country. Yield. It is the result of dividing the obtained production by the harvested surface.

Landed weight. It is the volume that the product achieves once it has been declared landed, in Poultry meat in carcass: It is the chicken, cull or turkey that has been slaughtered, bled and various forms: headless, filleted, eviscerated, in pulp, sliced, etc. plucked, devoid of head, neck, crop, feet, oil gland and abdominal viscera. Live weight. Total weight of the product at the moment it is obtained from its medium. It is Production value. It is the monetary value in current prices of the assets and services of the calculated based on the landed weight, applying conversion factors established by the National productive activity during a reference period. Fishing Institute, according to the universally-adopted methodology by FAO. Production volume. Amount of products generated through a productive activity, during a Lost surface. It is the sowed area that during the cycle or agricultural year registers a total certain period of time, that is destined to the market or to self-consumption. loss due to climate phenomena or because of pests or diseases. In the case of perennials, it is acknowledged as a total loss only for the current agricultural year considering that the plantation Ranking. Ordinal number that shows the place of an element within a given set in an ordered is still available for harvest next year. list according to a special characteristic or numeric value.

202

203

Methodological notes

General information sources National Aquaculture and Fishing Comission (CONAPESCA) Database of the annual fishing production https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/documentos/anuario-estadistico-de-acuacultura-y-pesca.

Secretariat of Economy Online Tariff Information System http://www.economia-snci.gob.mx/

National Population Council (CONAPO) 2010-2050 Population projections http://www.gob.mx/conapo/acciones-y-programas/proyecciones-de-la-poblacion-2010-2050.

Agricultural, Food and Fishing Information Service (SIAP) Slaughtering capacity of livestock species https://www.gob.mx/siap/documentos/capacidad-de-sacrificio-de-especies-pecuarias

Fishing and Aquaculture Department of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. (FAO) Statistics of world production http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/es.

Food and Agriculture Information System of Queries (SIACON) http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-agricola-33119?idiom=es

Statistical Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT) Production – Crops Production – Primary livestock http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/*/S. World Trade Organization Trade map http://trademap.org/index.aspx Tax Administration Service of the General Administration of Customs (SAT/AGA) Database

Annual agricultural production http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierreagricola/ Annual livestock production http://nube.siap.gob.mx/cierre_pecuario/ Monthly agricultural production https://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-agricola-33119 Monthly livestock production http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/produccion-pecuaria?idiom=es Timely Monitoring of Foreign Trade System http://www.gob.mx/siap/acciones-y-programas/indicadores-economicos?idiom=es

204

Production The various indicators for the agricultural products of the production sheet, consider the statistics of the agricultural year, with the exception of seasonality. For livestock and fisheries, the reference period for data and indicators is the calendar year. In the table with the volume disaggregated by state, the national total for some products may differ slightly from the sum of the of the partials, this is attributable to the rounding of figures. The product denominated “blueberry” includes cranberries and blueberries (also known as blue cranberries in Mexico). In the case of sugarcane, the indicators of national production correspond to the cane that is intended for industrial use. Indicator of percentage variation and growth rate When the indicator of percentage change or average annual growth rate shows the acronym NA, it was not possible to determine it because, in one of the periods of comparison, the variable did not record data. Likewise, the reader is warned that the calculation of percentage variations and rates was performed with all decimal figures, which is why they may not coincide with those that are a result of using the value observed in graphs and tables. In the case of the table with the disaggregated volume by state, when one of them presents a value of 0 and a variation of -100, it means that the previous period of comparison did register a productive volume. In the lost surface variable, the abbreviation NA is recorded in perennial crops, since the damages do not usually imply the total loss of the crops, only a decrease in the yields. The SIAP only uses this term when plantations of cyclical crops are totally lost. World ranking Mexico’s place in agricultural and livestock products worldwide, in the most recent period, was determined based on the 2016 statistics that FAO integrates and disseminates from the information generated by the countries and estimates made by the international body itself. Also, in some products it was not possible to determine the place, other countries do not report their production volumes or they are integrated with those of other products without possibility to identify them. The products in that situation are: tequila agave, alfalfa, amaranth, fodder oats, gerbera, fodder maize, nopal, rose, fodder sorghum, tomatillo, industrial grape and raisins. In the case of blackberry, rank was determined with the group “Berries nep” reported by FAO, which integrates other berries. The place on fishery products was generated from the data available for the year 2016 that the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture of FAO integrates and disseminates.

For the world production rank of sugarcane, the source is the International Sugar Organization in 2016, and FAO in 2012. National per capita consumption The indicator of annual per capita consumption takes as a temporal reference the year 2017. For its calculation, the universe of people of the projection of CONAPO in the middle of the indicated year was taken into account. The annual domestic consumption volume for each product was obtained by adding the internally produced quantities to the amount of imports and subtracting the exports from that. In the case of the coffee product, the indicators refer to green coffee; for its calculation a conventional factor of conversion of cherry to green coffee was applied. Likewise, in the cases of rice and cow milk, a conversion factor was applied to the domestic production for its correct comparison with the volumes of goods exported and imported according to the characteristics indicated in the tariff section. In order to standardize the production component with those of foreign trade, in the case of zucchini the production of pumpkins was integrated. Annual per capita consumption is not present for tequila agave, green alfalfa, cottonseed, fodder oats, sugarcane, safflower, grain barley, copra, gerbera, fodder maize, rose, fodder sorghum, grain sorghum, soy, tobacco, wheat grain and industrial grape since they are considered products for animal consumption or ornamental and/or industrial use. Foreign trade The data corresponding to the table that presents the volume and value of imports and exports, the map, the graph, and the monthly distribution, are based on the administrative records of the customs requests of the commercial operations under the definitive regime of the SAT General Administration of Customs; with the exception of tequila and sugar, of which the information is based on data from the Ministry of Economy. The data for zucchini consider castilla pumpkin flows in order to approximate the real volume of the indicated vegetable; this was a result of the impossibility to identify the corresponding flows of each separate product.

It should be mentioned that FAO disseminates in an aggregated concept the production of guava and mango from the various producing countries without possibility of differentiation, which is why the world production place for both products is the same. The above situation also occurs in broccoli and cauliflower.

The reference of the countries considered as potential markets for agricultural and livestock goods was determined with the trade statistics of the World Trade Organization. The potential condition was based on the following criteria: 1) the country does not record significant imports of agricultural, livestock and fishery products from Mexico between 2012 and 2016; 2) the country reports significant import volumes; 3) the country is among the first places by acquired volume; or 4) the nation carries out periodic imports. The trade statistics from the international body are not available for the following products: fodder oats, cauliflower, raspberry, gerbera, guava, fodder maize, nopal, rose, fodder sorghum, tequila, tomatillo, industrial grape and blackberry.

The data for Mexican production volume published by the international organization for some products, differs from the official data from Mexico. In that sense, the figure of production volume corresponds to the national statistic. However, for the calculation of the participations and the world ranking, the statistics of the international organization were considered for comparison purposes with the other countries. The Mexican products that are in this situation are: broccoli, cacao, zucchini, safflower, onion, cauliflower, copra, guava, tomato, lime, mango, grape, cow milk, tuna, shrimp, lobster, bream, octopus and sardine.

The customs nomenclature (tariff codes) to classify the goods and products that integrate Mexico’s foreign trade flows, represents a technical difficulty in the integration of statistical series of some generic products; among the main causes are the grouping of several agricultural and fishery products in a single fraction or code, and the non-correspondence between the description of the product in the fraction and that of the object under study. Among the agricultural products considered in the Food and Agricultural Atlas, amaranth, fodder oats, raspberry, broccoli, zucchini, peach, fodder maize, nopal, pear, fodder sorghum, industrial grape and blackberry do not have a direct identification tariff code because the transactions of

205

Products and tariff codes



these goods are assigned general fractions. In order to provide figures that approximate the scale of the corresponds to the cotton seed destined for the production of oil or for animal feed, since the global trade commercial flow of such goods, only the transactions of the indicated goods were identified. statistics, as well as those of the national administrative registry, merge the goods in said presentations. In the foreign trade flows of poultry, paste is not included. Likewise, in the case of guava, tomato, mango, tomatillo and bream, as of the second quarter of 2012, their own identification fractions were created. In previous periods they were integrated into fractions In the Products and tariff codes table, the fractions that were considered to integrate the figures of that also grouped other products, reason why an identification process for the flows corresponding to Mexican foreign trade flows are shown for each good. It is noted that the designation of the product each good for periods prior to the aforementioned date was carried out. For coffee cherry, the indicators corresponds to a designation by the SIAP in order to make the interpretation of the goods in each of foreign trade refer to the volumes of green or gold coffee, and in the case of cottonseed, the data fraction easier, while the Mexican tariff nomenclature is not directly indicated.

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Paddy rice

10062001

Husked rice

10063001

Long-grain rice

10063099

Diverse rice (milled or semi-milled)

10064001

Broken rice

10040099

Other oats

10049099

Other oats

12149099

Diverse fodders

10040099

Oat grain

10049099

Other oats

11041201

Flattened oat grains

11042201

Broken oat grains

Eggplant

07093001

Eggplants

Broccoli

07041001

Cut cauliflower and broccoli

07041002

Broccoli sprouts

07041099

Diverse cauliflowers and broccoli

07042001

Brussels sprouts

07049001

Kohlrabi, kale and similar

07049099

Diverse swedes

07108003

Cut, cooked and frozen brussels sprouts

07108004

Cooked and frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflowers

18010001

Grain cacao, raw or roasted

18020001

Cacao husks and residues

09011101

Not roasted, not decaffeinated coffee, Robusta variety

09011199

Not roasted, not decaffeinated coffee, diverse

09011201

Not roasted, decaffeinated coffee

07099099

Diverse vegetables

07099301

Pumpkins and zucchini

07099999

Other fresh or refrigerated vegetables

12076002

Safflower seed, imports from January 1 to September 30

12076003

Safflower seed, imports from October 1 to December 31

Fodder oat

206

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Sugar

17011101

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 99.4° and 99.5°

17011102

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 96° and 99.4°

17011103

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 96°

17011301

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 96°

17011401

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 99.4° and 99.5°

17011402

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 96° and 99.4°

17011403

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 96°

17011404

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 99.2°

17019101

Sugar containing added flavoring or coloring matter

17019102

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization equal or higher than 99.2°

17019103

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization lower than 99.2°

17019901

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 99.5° and 99.7°

17019902

Sugar with sucrose content that has a polarization between 99.7° and 99.9°

17019999

Other sugars and chemically pure sucrose

Avocado

08044001

Avocados

Sesame

12074001

Sesame seeds

Green alfalfa

12149001

Alfalfa

Cottonseed

12072099

Other cotton seeds

12072999

Other cotton seeds

Amaranth

10089099

Other cereals

Cranberry

08104001

Red cranberries or fresh bilberries

Paddy rice

10061001

Rice with husk

Products and tariff codes

Oat grain

Cacao Green coffee

Zucchini

Safflower

207

Products and tariff codes

Products and tariff codes

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Safflower

12079906

Safflower seed, imports from January 1 to September 30

Peach

08134003

Dried peaches

12079907

Safflower seed, imports from October 1 to December 31

Asparagus

07092001

Fresh or refrigerated white asparagus

10030002

Barley grain

07092099

Diverse, fresh and refrigerated asparagus

10030099

Diverse barley

07108004

Cooked, frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflowers

10039001

Barley grain with husk

08102001

Fresh raspberries, blackberries, mulberries and loganberries

10039099

Diverse barley

08112001

Frozen raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, loganberries and blackcurrants

07031001

Fresh or refrigerated onion

08101001

Fresh strawberries

07031099

Fresh or refrigerated diverse onions and schallots

08111001

Frozen strawberries

07108001

Cooked, frozen onions

07133101

Dry husked beans (Vigna mungo and radiata)

07119001

Preserved onions

07133201

Dry husked beans (Phaseolus or Vigna angularis)

07122001

Diced onions

07133301

Dry husked beans for sowing (Phaseolus vulgaris)

07096001

Bell chili pepper

07133302

White dry husked beans

07096099

Diverse green chili peppers

07133303

Black dry husked beans

09042001

Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili

07133399

Common dry husked beans

09042099

Dried, crushed and powdered chili peppers

07133999

Diverse dry husked beans

09042101

Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili

07133401

Dry husked Bambara beans

09042199

Several dry chilis

07133501

Dry husked Caupi or wild beans

09042201

Dry ancho or Anaheim (California) chili, powdered

Chickpea

07132001

Chickpeas

09042299

Several dry powdered chilis

Gerbera

06031904

Gerbera flowers

07041001

Cut cauliflower and broccoli

Guava

08045002

Guavas

07041002

Broccoli sprouts

Tomato

07020001

Fresh or refrigerated Cherry tomatoes

07041099

Diverse cauliflowers and broccoli

07020099

Diverse fresh or refrigerated tomatoes

07042001

Brussels sprouts

07051101

Iceberg lettuce

07049001

Kohlrabi, kale and similar

07051999

Diverse lettuce

07049099

Diverse swedes

07052101

Chickory and Witloof chickory

07108003

Cut, cooked, and frozen Brussels sprouts

07052999

Diverse chickories

07108004

Cooked and frozen asparagus, broccoli and cauliflowers

08055001

Mexican limes

Copra

12030001

Copra

08055099

Diverse limes

Peach

08093001

Peaches and nectarines

08055002

Persian limes

08093002

Peaches

10059099

Diverse maize

Barley grain

Onion

Green chili

Cauliflower

208



Raspberry Strawberry Bean

Lettuce

Lime

Fodder maize

209

Products and tariff codes

Products and tariff codes

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Fodder maize

12149099

Fodder products

Pear

08134001

Dried pears

Grain maize

10059003

Yellow maize

Pineapple

08043001

Pineapples

10059004

White maize

Banana

08030001

Bananas or plantains

10059099

Diverse maize

08031001

Plantains for cooking

08045003

Mangos

08039099

Diverse bananas

08045001

Guavas, mangos and mangosteens

06024001

Rose bushes

08081001

Fresh apples

06024099

Rose cuttings

08133001

Dried apples

06031101

Rose flowers

08071901

Fresh cantaloupe

Watermelon

08071101

Watermelons

08071999

Diverse fresh melons

Fodder sorghum

12149099

Diverse fodders

Orange

08051001

Oranges

Grain sorghum

10070001

Grain sorghum, imported from Dec 16 to May 15

Nopal

07099099

Diverse fresh or refrigerated vegetables

10070002

Grain sorghum, imported from May 16 to Dec 15

07099999

Diverse vegetables

10079001

Grain sorghum, imported from Dec 16 to May 15

08012101

Brazil nuts with husk

10079002

Grain sorghum, imported from May 16 to Dec 15

08012201

Husked Brazil nuts

12010002

Soybeans, imported from Jan 1 to Sept 30

08013101

Cashews with husk

12010003

Soybeans, imported from Oct 1 to Dec 31

08013201

Husked cashews

12019001

Soybeans, imported from Jan 1 to Sept 30

08023101

Chestnuts with husk

12019002

Soybeans, imported from Oct 1 to Dec 31

08023201

Husked chestnuts

24011001

Branch tobacco without de-veining for wrapping

08026001

Macadamia nuts

24011099

Diverse branch tobacco without de-veining

08026101

Macadamia nuts with husk

24012001

De-veined Blonde, Burley or Virginia branch tobacco

08026201

Husked macadamia nuts

Tequila

22089003

Tequila

08027001

Cola nuts

Tomatillo

07020002

Tomatillo or green tomatoes

08028001

Areca nuts

07020001

Fresh or refrigerated cherry tomatoes

07019099

Fresh or refrigerated potatoes

07020099

Diverse fresh or refrigerated tomatoes

07101001

Frozen potatoes

Grapefruit

08054001

Grapefruits

Papaya

08072001

Papayas

Wheat grain

10011001

Durum wheat

Cucumber

07070001

Fresh or refrigerated cucumbers or pickles

10019001

Common wheat, March-September operation

Pear

08082001

Pears

10019002

Common wheat, October-February operation

08083001

Pears

10019099

Diverse wheat and meslin

Mango Apple Cantaloupe

Nuts

Potato

210



Rose

Soy

Tobacco

211

Products and tariff codes

Products and tariff codes

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Wheat grain

10011999

Diverse durum wheat

Table egg

04072101

Fresh bird eggs for human consumption

10019901

Common wheat

04072901

Fresh bird eggs for human consumption

10019999

Diverse common wheat

04079001

Frozen bird eggs

Table grape

08061001

Fresh grapes

04072199

Diverse fresh bird eggs

Industrial grape

08061001

Grapes

04081101

Dried egg yolks

Raisins

08062001

Dried grapes

04081999

Fresh egg yolks

Blackberry

08102001

Fresh raspberries, blackberries, mulberries and loganberries

04089101

Powdered bird eggs

08112001

Frozen raspberries, blackberries, mulberries, loganberries and blackcurrants

04089199

Cooked and preserved bird eggs

02071101

Non-sliced fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat

04011001

Milk and cream with 1% fat or less in airtight packaging

02071201

Non-sliced frozen bird, cock or hen meat

04011099

Diverse milk and cream with 1% fat or less

02071303

Fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat: legs and thighs

04012001

Milk and cream with more than 1% and up to 6% fat in airtight packaging

02071399

Fresh or refrigerated bird, cock or hen meat: other cuts

04012099

Diverse milk and cream with more than 1% and up to 6% fat

02071404

Frozen bird, cock or hen meat: legs and thighs

04013001

Milk and cream with more than 6% fat in airtight packaging

02071499

Frozen bird, cock or hen meat: other cuts

04013099

Diverse milk and cream with more than 6% fat

02011001

Beef in carcasses or half carcasses

04014001

Milk and cream with more than 6% fat in airtight packaging

02012099

In-bone beef cuts

04014099

Diverse milk and cream with more than 6% fat

02013001

De-boned beef

04015001

Milk and cream with more than 10% fat in airtight packaging

02021001

Frozen beef in carcass

04015099

Diverse milk and cream with more than 10% fat

02022099

Frozen in-bone beef cuts

04021001

Powdered milk or in tablets, not exceeding 1.5%

02023001

Frozen de-boned beef

04021099

Milk in other solid forms not exceeding 1.5%

02031101

Pork in carcass

04022101

Milk powder or in tablets exceeding 1.5%, unsweetened

02031201

In-bone pork in quarters: legs, shoulders and other cuts

04022199

Milk powder or in tablets exceeding 1.5%, unsweetened

02031999

Diverse fresh or refrigerated pork

04022999

Milk powder or in tablets exceeding 1.5%, with additives

02032101

Frozen pork in carcass

04029101

Evaporated milk with no additives

02032201

In-bone frozen pork in quarters: legs, shoulders and other cuts

04029199

Diverse milk with no additives

02032999

Diverse frozen pork

04029901

Condensed milk

02101101

In-bone pork in hams, quarters or other cuts

04029999

Diverse concentrated milk with sugar or other sweeteners

04070001

Fresh bird eggs in shell

04041001

Powdered milk serum with 12.5% protein or less

04070002

Frozen bird eggs in shell

04041099

Diverse concentrated milk serums with sugar or other sweeteners

04070099

Diverse bird eggs in shell

04049099

Diverse milk serums

Poultry in carcass

Beef in carcass

Pork in carcass

Table egg

212



Cow milk

213

Products and tariff codes

Products and tariff codes

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Product

Tariff code

Breakdown by product

Honey

04090001

Natural honey

Shrimp

03062799

Diverse shrimp and prawns

Tuna

03023101

Albacoras or white tuna

16052001

Prepared shrimp, prawns, and other natantia decapods

03023201

Yellowfin tuna

16052101

Shrimps and prawns prepared in non-airtight containers

03023301

Stripped tuna or Skipjack tuna

16052999

Diverse prepared shrimp and prawns

03023401

Bigeye tuna

03061101

Frozen lobsters

03023501

Common or bluefin tuna

03062101

Non-frozen lobsters

03023601

Southern tuna

03027101

Fresh or refrigerated bream

03023999

Diverse tuna

03032301

Frozen bream

03034101

Frozen white tuna

03043101

Fresh or refrigerated bream fillets

03034201

Frozen yellowfin tuna

03045101

Dried or smoked bream

03034301

Frozen stripped tuna or Skipjack tuna

03046101

Frozen bream fillets

03034401

Frozen bigeye tuna

03049301

Diverse frozen breams

03034501

Frozen bluefin tuna

03053101

Dried bream fillets

03034601

Frozen southern tuna

03054401

Smoked bream fillets

03034999

Diverse frozen tuna

03056401

Pickled bream

03048701

Frozen tuna fillets (Thunnus genus)

03075101

Live, fresh, or refrigerated octopus

16041401

Prepared tuna of the Thunnus genus

03075999

Fresh or refrigerated octopus

16041402

Prepared tuna fillets of the Thunnus genus

16055501

Prepared octopus

16041403

Prepared tuna fillets of the Euthynnus variety katsowonus pelamis

03026101

Fresh or refrigerated sardines

16041404

Prepared tuna fillets of the Euthynnus variety Yellowfin, Skipjack and Bigeye

03037101

Frozen sardines

16041499

Other forms of prepared tuna

03024301

Fresh or refrigerated sardines

16041901

Prepared tuna fillets of diverse Euthynnus varieties

03035301

Frozen sardines

16041902

Prepared tuna fillets of diverse Euthynnus varieties

16041301

Prepared sardines, whole or in pieces

16041999

Prepared tuna fillets of diverse genuses

16042001

Pickled sardines

16042002

Preserved tuna of the Euthynnus genus

03061301

Frozen shrimp

03062399

Shrimp, prawns and other natantia decapods

03061601

Frozen cold water shrimp

03061701

Diverse frozen shrimp

03062699

Cold water shrimp and prawns

Shrimp

214



Lobster Bream

Octopus

Sardine

215

Collaborators: Patricia Ornelas Ruiz Senior Director Vanesa Copado Diaz Field Operations Director Jose Luis Campos Leal Integration, Processing and Validation Director Javier Vicente Aguilar Lara Geo-spatial Solutions Director Jorge Gustavo Tenorio Sandoval Strategic Analysis Director Omar Garcia Garcia Dissemination Director Ruben Dario Sarmiento Gomez Information Technologies Director Sujey Diaz Amezquita Administrative Efficiency Director Eduardo Hernandez Navarrete Head of Department for Legal Affairs Special thanks: SIAP team and SNIDRUS technicians, for their support in the creation of this document. Translated by: Fernanda Vázquez and Luis Pérez, in collaboration with Luis Cabrera Arrangoiz

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, FISHING AND FOOD

2012-2018

FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND FISHING INFORMATION SERVICE

Food & Agricultural

Atlas www.gob.mx/siap