Adir Ngo.docx

INDEX CONTENTS A. NON-PROFIT ORGANISATION What is an NGO Objectives Vision and mission Role of an NGO Advantages and disadvantages of NGO How to NGO’s get funding Types of NGO Causes of NGO

B. NPO ANALYSIS Introduction to History Members Regular activity Other programs C. LEARNINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Findings Learning and my experience Conclusion Bibliography

Chapter 1: Introduction

An Overview (NGO’s in India) NGO (Non- Governmental Organization) A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is not part of a government and was not founded by states. NGOs are therefore typically independent of governments. Although the definition can technically include for-profit corporations, the term is generally restricted to social, cultural, legal, and environmental advocacy groups having goals that are primarily noncommercial. NGOs are usually non-profit organizations that gain at least a portion of their funding from private sources. Current usage of the term is generally associated with the United Nations and authentic NGOs are those that are so designated by the UN. Because the label "NGO" is considered too broad by some, as it might cover anything that is non-governmental, many NGOs now prefer the term private voluntary organization (PVO).A 1995 UN report on global governance estimated that there are nearly 29,000 international NGOs. National numbers are even higher: The United States has an estimated 2 million NGOs, most of them formed in the past 30 years. Russia has 65,000 NGOs. Dozens are created daily. In Kenya alone, some 240 NGOs come into existence every year. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the world's largest group of humanitarian NGO's. Though voluntary associations of citizens have existed throughout history, NGOs along the lines seen today, especially on the international level, have developed in the past two centuries. One of the first such organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, was founded in 1863. Types of NGO’s There are numerous possibilities to classify NGOs. The following is the typology the World Bank uses Operational NGO’s - Their primary purpose is the design and implementation of development-related projects. One categorization that is frequently used is the division into relief-oriented or development oriented organizations; they can also be classified according to whether they stress service delivery or participation; or whether they are religious and secular; and whether they are more public or private-oriented. Operational NGOs can be community-based, national or international. Advocacy NGO’s - Their primary purpose is to defend or promote a specific cause. As opposed to operational project management, these organizations typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and knowledge by lobbying, press work and activist events.

Important Features of NGO’s Purposes NGOs exist for a variety of purposes, usually to further the political or social goals of their members. Examples include improving the state of the natural environment, encouraging the observance of human rights, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number of such organizations and their goals cover a broad range of political and philosophical positions. This can also easily be applied to private schools and athletic organizations. Methods - NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct programs and activities primarily. For instance, such an NGO as Oxfam, concerned with poverty alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and skills they need to find food and clean drinking water. Networking - The International Freedom of Expression exchanges (IFEX), founded in 1992, is global network of more than 60 non-governmental organizations that promote and defend the right to freedom of expression. Consulting –Many international NGOs have a consultative status with United Nations agencies relevant to their area of work. As an example, the Third World Network has consultative status with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). In 1946, only 41 NGOs had consultative status with the ECOSOC, but this number had risen to 2,350 in 2003. Management of non-governmental organizations : Two management trends are particularly relevant to NGOs: diversity management and participatory management. Diversity management deals with different cultures in an organization. Intercultural problems are prevalent in Northern NGOs that are engaged in developmental activities in the South. Personnel coming from a rich country are faced with a completely different approach of doing things in the target country. A participatory management style is said to be typical of NGOs. It is intricately tied to the concept of a learning organization: all people within the organization are perceived as sources for knowledge and skills. To develop the organization, individuals have to be able to contribute in the decision making process and they need to learn. Relations- The relationship among businesses, governments, and NGOs can be quite complex and sometimes antagonistic. Some advocacy NGOs view opposition to the interests of Western governments and large corporations as central to their purpose. But NGOs, governments, and companies sometimes form cooperative, conciliatory partnerships as well.

Staffing - Not all people working for non-governmental organizations are volunteers. Paid staff members typically receive lower pay than in the commercial private sector. Employees are highly committed to the aims and principles of the organization. The reasons why people volunteer are usually not purely altruistic, but self-serving: They expect to gain skills, experience and contacts. Funding Large NGOs may have annual budgets in the millions of dollars. For instance, the budget of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was over $540million dollars in 1999. Human Rights Watch spent and received US$21, 7 million in2003. Funding such large budgets demands significant fundraising efforts on the part of most NGOs. Major sources of NGO funding include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international institutions or national governments, and private donations. Several EUgrants provide funds accessible to NGOs. Even though the term 'non-governmental organization' implies independence of governments, some NGOs depend heavily on governments for their fund

OBJECTIVES AND AIMS     

To boost self volunteering among youth. To increase the visibility of the NGO in the society. To provide certain medical facilities. To provide food, formal education and vocational guidance to grown-ups and children from socially and economically backward families. To overcome environmental challenges faced in saphale region.

 VISION AND MISSION:o Vision:

o To be an end-to-end community based solutions provider in the areas of education, health and sustainable livelihood for vulnerable communities. o Our vision is also to be an enabler bringing together corporates, groups of interested individuals, community organisations and the communities in need to do some meaningful work towards enriching the lives of those in needs.

o Mission: o To identify and work along the economically and socially deprived, the physically and mentally challenged – starting with children, so that they become educated, skilled and aware. Enable them to be self-reliant and enjoy a healthy, dignified and sustainable quality of life And to that end, act as a resource to and collaborate with other agencies – governmental or non-governmental, as well as suitably intervene in policy formulation

ROLE OF AN NGO Development and Operation of Infrastructure: Community-based organizations and cooperatives can acquire, subdivide and develop land, construct housing, provide infrastructure and operate and maintain infrastructure such as wells or public toilets and solid waste collection services. They can also develop building material supply centres and other community-based economic enterprises. In many cases, they will need technical assistance or advice from governmental agencies or higher-level NGOs Facilitating Communication: NGOs use interpersonal methods of communication, and study the right entry points whereby they gain the trust of the community they seek to benefit. They would also have a good idea of the feasibility of the projects they take up. The significance of this role to the government is that NGOs can communicate to the policy-making levels of government, information about the lives, capabilities, attitudes and cultural characteristics of people at the local level. NGOs can facilitate communication upward from people to the government and downward from the government to the people. Communication upward involves informing government about what local people are thinking, doing and feeling while communication downward involves informing local people about what the government is planning and doing. NGOs are also in a unique position to share information horizontally, networking between other organizations doing similar work. Technical Assistance and Training: Training institutions and NGOs can develop a technical assistance and training capacity and use this to assist both CBOs and governments. Advocacy for and with the Poor: In some cases, NGOs become spokespersons or ombudsmen for the poor and attempt to influence government policies and programs on their behalf. This may be done through a variety of means ranging from demonstration and pilot projects to participation in public forums and the formulation of government policy and plans, to publicizing research results and case studies of the poor. Thus NGOs play roles from

advocates for the poor to implementers of government programs; from agitators and critics to partners and advisors; from sponsors of pilot projects to mediators.

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NGO: o ADVANTAGES o They have the ability to experiment freely with innovative approaches and, if necessary, to take risks. o They are flexible in adapting to local situations and responding to local needs and therefore able to develop integrated projects, as well as sectoral projects. o They enjoy good rapport with people and can render micro-assistance to very poor people as they can identify those who are most in need and tailor assistance to their needs. o They have the ability to communicate at all levels, from the neighbourhood to the top levels of government. o They are able to recruit both experts and highly motivated staff with fewer restrictions than the government.

 DISADVANTAGES:o Paternalistic attitudes restrict the degree of participation in programme/project design. o Restricted/constrained ways of approach to a problem or area. o Reduced replicability of an idea, due to non-representativeness of the project or selected area, relatively small project coverage, dependence on outside financial resources, etc. o "Territorial possessiveness" of an area or project reduces cooperation between agencies, seen as threatening or competitive.

HOW DO NGO GET FUNDING: There are various sources of funding available for NGOs both at the conventional as well as non-conventional level. Conventional sources are those that are mostly existing and donor –based and non-conventional sources of funding are those that also include alternative fundraising for organizations. The bilateral and multilateral aid is one of the biggest sources of funding we have seen over the past fifty and more years. These originate either from the foreign offices of the developed countries or from the multilateral organizations set up by different countries such as the United Nations, the

World Bank, the Asian Development Bank. These organizations have been created to extend international support for alleviating poverty and reducing the socio-economic gap between the developed and the developing countries. But their agendas are far more complex and they are not necessarily focused upon injecting funds into NGOs, but definitely a small part of their massive programs does include funding support for NGOs in developing countries. The second important source of funding is the private charities/foundations/international organizations that are more privately handled and have a better focus on equipping local NGOs not just financially but also technically. In countries where there is some economic growth recorded with a presence of a wealthy private sector, NGOs can also look upon the corporate agencies as another major source of funding for them. There are also international corporate groups that have Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) agenda for enhancing equity, social justice and development. Besides, in the present times, the corporate agencies are also partnering with NGOs for joint profit-oriented projects. In some countries, the local governments are also a major source of funding as they have different community welfare and development schemes which NGOs can apply and raise resources and implement projects. Donations and gifts, mostly from individuals or informal groups are also sources of funding for NGOs. Finally, the non-conventional resources include the micro-enterprises, microfinance and micro-insurance.

TYPES OF NGO: NGO types by orientation:

 Charitable Orientation

It often involves a top-down paternalistic effort with little participation by the "beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the poor -distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of housing, transport, schools etc. Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or manmade disaster.  Service Orientation It includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family planning or education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and people are expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the service.  Participatory Orientation is characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land, materials, labour etc. In the classical community development project, participation begins with the need definition and continues into the planning and implementation stages. Cooperatives often have a participatory orientation.  Empowering Orientation is where the aim is to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. Sometimes, these groups develop spontaneously around a problem or an issue, at other times outside workers from NGOs plays a facilitating role in their development. In any case, there is maximum involvement of the people with NGOs acting as facilitators.

NGO Types by level of operation:  Community-based Organizations (CBOs) arise out of people's own initiatives. These can include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood organizations, religious or educational organizations. There are a large variety of these, some supported by NGOs, national or international NGOs, or bilateral or international agencies, and others independent of outside help. Some are devoted to raising the consciousness of the urban poor or helping them to understand their rights in gaining access to needed services while others are involved in providing such services.  Citywide Organizations include organizations such as the Rotary or lion's Club, chambers of commerce an dindustry, coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups and associations of community organizations. Some exist for other purposes, and become involved in helping the poor as one of many activities, while others are created for the specific purpose of helping the poor.  National NGOs include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs, professional organizations etc. Some of these have state and city branches and assist local NGOs.  International NGOs range from secular gencies such as Redda BArna and Save the Children organizations, OXFAM, CARE, Ford and Rockefeller Foundations to religiously motivated groups. Their activities vary from mainly funding local NGOs, institutions and projects, to implementing the projects themselves.

CAUSES OF NGO: There are many social problems that India face in today’s time. Problems like     

Hunger, Poverty, Malnutrition, Safe drinking water & sanitation. Illiteracy among under privileged people, people belonging to SC ST, Elderly age group, Differently abled. Gender inequality. Environment Related issues. Underdeveloped rural areas and slums, Etc.

PART B INTRODUCTION TO YUVA PRERANA PRATISHTHAN

About the NGO: Yuva Prerana Pratishthan empowers youth to make informed decisions about their career and thus enables them to transform their passion into gainful employment through life skills development, career development, and mentoring. Yuva prerana pratishthan also builds capacities of key stakeholders like parents and schools who play instrumental role in creating a conductive environment for enabling youth to take informed decision independently.

HISTORY: “Yuva Prerana Pratishthan” was established in August 2013, about 6 years ago. It was registered as a public charitable Trust in Thane under Bombay Public Trust act 1950. Since then, it is due to generous and well wishers who have immensely contributed and exhibited the role of a catalyst to help this sapling flourish into a sweet fruit bearing tree. Once Swami Vivekananda wisely quoted “every soul has a divine power within”. The work done by the trust is to merely make everyone realise about this divine power within themselves. Here at “Yuva Prerana Pratishthan”, we try our level best to enlighten every inmate with the same values. In today’s world where the life is fast and the competition is cut throat, we instigate and encourage the children to develop their personalities in such a way that they can live their lives respectfully and with their heads held high. And in order to achieve this, we need to provide them with the best possible education and you selfless support. Our headoffice is located at Nallasopara (E) Mumbai. Since August 2013, inspite of considerable constraints “Yuva Prerana Pratishthan” has efficiently and effectively managed its social services . By now 152 destitute children has been provided with love, care and warmth by this organization. We strongly believe that the right place of a child is its own home and loving parents, where the child feels more secure, it is also universally accepted fact that the child develops more comfortable in his own cultural and social milieu. “Yuva Prerana Pratishthan” therefore, preferred, the best option of showing love and care to children.

MEMBERS: The NGO was founded by Mr.Yash Mane and Mr.Karthik Kothari. Initially the organization had ten members and as of today the organization has more than 25 members.

YASH MANE

Yash Mane was born in 1993 in Nallasopara, the community around him did not have any major role model to look up to. As a result the children there had very low aspirations with regards to education and career. After school, Yash chose to study further in commerce stream because that was what others with similar marks had chosen and usually chose when he looked at the trends. He was not aware of why people make such decisions. Therefore he started doing some research on this issues. He began to talk to people in related fields, discussing possible situations and ideas. He understood that students need to develop interests in studying and identifying what job opportunities or what career they could lead to. He saw many youths who were dropped out of schools needed to be motivated. And so was Yuva Prerana Pratishthan born.

KARTIK KOTHARI Karthik Kothari was born in the year 1993 in Vasai. During his college days, an economic professor made a big impact on him. His methods and passion for the subject made him realise that he too wanted to do something ahead in his life which would give him same satisfaction. He started to think of a career in business. So he joined his fathers business and started working with his father. He also did social service side by side as he had a keen interest in this field, so he gained some experience with other non-profit organizations, he felt he needed to do something about the social issues which boosted him to start an NGO.

Activities: At Yuva Prerana Pratishthan they believe that lack of conductive environment and positive role model have led to the problem of aimless education. As a response to the problem, yuva prerana works with childrens and young adolescents through the programs run in low-income private schools and communities in the city of Nalasopara, Vasai, Virar and Boisar.

There are various programs which are as follows:

Regular activities Educational program:

The educational program focuses on creating a conductive environment in school by building capacities of students up to grade VII and key stakeholders like parents and teachers for enabling students to make informed decisions pertaining to their future education. We also provide educational needs like books, clothing, food and many more thing to students on getting a grade in education and sports. The inputs to the students are through skill development sessions to emphasise on the need of identifying and developing the skill to transform their passion into gainful employment. They aim to work closely with schools especially teachers to facilitate them to deal with the children in more efficient ways and with the principals to build leadership to ensure that they create platforms like schools where children have the opportunities to learn about careers form from activities like exhibition, presentations from experts etc. they also aim to engage with the parents to built their capacity in positive parenting skill, exposure to different educational and career options and to improve the communication skills. This initiative will lead to creating conductive environment at home school and community. Schools also provide an adequate improvement and gainful thing to students and give opportunity to go ahead in the particular sports and education through various programs done

in the district like palghar, there are vasai kala kreda which give the students an stage based opportunity to such student and brings up a great talent through it.

Day care centre:

The children are brought to the day care centre. The teachers and field workers individually go to every home and call the children to attend the centre. Here the children are given basic education like learning the alphabets, numbers, rhymes etc. for older children who are not able to attend schools special classes are given of the level of school going children. After one year at the day care the child is enrolled in the school to get further education.

Other activities Drama for Development:

Drama for development is a one year program run in the communities which uses drama as a platform to develop skills that are essential for career. It is used as a methodology of awareness, action and policy through which children develops awareness about self and issues in the society. Using the platform of drama, children take initiative and become involved in their community issues. They also conduct rallies and street play to spread awareness about the issues within the community which helps in developing, their communication, problem solving, team work. By the time they graduate they already have certain basic foundations for any further steps they need to take towards higher education, livelihood and most importantly growing up as confident young citizen.

Livelihood program:

Youths often do not have an environment in which they can develop essential life skills, workplace reediness skills and guidance for choosing career in the field of their interest. They also lack the exposure to the industry where they will be working in future and a result of which are often low on confidence. Livelihood program is a platform to develop skills such as English and IT skill training, career development. This program is for childrens and youth. This training sessions are conducted by facilitators who are equipped with the knowledge and skill required. This activity is carried out in various schools.

Youth Development & Training Centre:

An accessible centre in the community where a 3 months livelihood programme is run for youth, who are known as aspirants, in the community in the age group of 18-25 which developes them through like skill training, English and IT skills. Women empowerment:

The women empowerment program aims to assist deprived women to improve their selfconfidence by helping them to improve their literacy and skills. Living in a male-dominated society some women in India are illiterate and lack the opportunities to develop their fundamental skills.

Yuva Prerna Pratishthan volunteers this program and will assist local women in tasks including teaching and enhancing their knowledge of English language. Improving their listening, reading, writing and speaking skills. Teaching them about computers and how to operate them. Teaching them about culture and general knowledge. Teaching them about basic personal hygiene. By doing this woman may also enhance their skill and confidence with other fun creative ideas.

Community development: There are various initiative taken for community development, water continues to be a issue at all the places steps have been taken to provide drinking water. Waste management are undertaken for better and efficient methods and results. These are the activities that are carried out by different NGO’s they perform similar kind of activities in the same field. These NGO’s are making a big difference through their activities, lakhs of people are getting help from these companies. India is the first county to where the government has made compulsory law for the company to spend 2% of total profit from previous 3 years. Because of such initiative NGO’s and corporates have played a big role in reducing social problems happening in the country. Because of which there is a considerable amount of change in the county and in the lives of the people. There are still many affected peoples but at this pace we can soon witness a change in the country’s social problem.

Provision of water supply

A threat of drought looms large over Palghar district in the region of Maharashtra, due to the deficient rainfall and excess use of water for agriculture purpose. Most part of Palghar received average rainfall last monsoon and the water stock in the region stands at just 16.81 percentage, according to figures of the water resources department of Saphale region. The Karwale dam, considered lifeline of Palghar, has around 24.45 percent water stock, as compared to 48.77 percent the same day last year. At least Palghar district is under threat of drought like situation said by an official of water resources department. But, it is too early to predict if the regions will face server scarcity. As per officials figure, the Karwale dam in Saphale has 8.24 percent water stock as compared to 48.04 last monsoon, while the Pelar dam in the same district has completely dried up. It has 28.81 percent water stock in the dams

CHALLENGES FACED BY THE TRUST 1) FINANCE The major issue faced by the trust is the financial issue. Earlier when the Saphale project “Saphale seva prakalp” the trust was not having enough funds for 5-6 years, not even for the basic needs like food. Later all the volunteers at Saphale project worked systematically at Palghar by contacting various industries and businessman and explained the project and its benefits, and many young engineers and senior officers from various industries are giving financial support to the trust. Currently the trust is receiving enough funds from the nearby areas as well as from corporate that they can easily run their trust and came up with different new projects that presently no other NGO in the area serves. About 35% of the donations comes from the young generations.

2) DEDICATED WORKFORCE The next issue that the trust is facing is that it is lacking with dedicated work force. The trust has very few permanent employees and others are the volunteers. Where the trust says they want employees who can serve the trust for a minimum period of 2 years so that there is a sense of understanding and proper continuity and uniformity in the organization.

3) REACH The trust wants to increase their reach by starting more of such projects in the areas where there is a need and the government fails to reach there. But because of the financial issues that the trust is facing as well as the lack of dedicated workforce the trust is not able to make it possible. But they are planning and trying hard to achieve this.

Apart from all of the above issues, there is a requirement of food every day by the Yuva Prerana Pratishthan. There are lots of people who provide food to the needy, but they did not have food stock in the quantity required for the month Feb-March. I and my friends personally chose this area and decided to help them by making a plan. We all asked people from our respective societies, if they are interested to help the needy people. As Yuva Prerana Pratishthan is near to my place it was easier to meet the children and understand what they face and lack in . From my society there were 20 families who came up to help these people and contributed to provide raw materials.

Lack of support In yuva prerana pratishthan there is no backup and support by the people and infact doing of a good thing for the people there are many barriers which come in between such as, peoples support, community crisis, religion issues, political problems and most important the lack of volunteer taking part in such events not about the event but also about the funds and donation.

Conclusions and Findings

Several interactions with different social workers and volunteers amongst which Mr. Devarshi Pathak trustee of the Yuva Prerana Pratishthan described finance as the main hindrance in the NGO sector. Even though there are several individuals contributing to the social cause the finance is not enough to support all the activities.

Cities in Thane district where average income is high there are several contributors and financial donations are high but this money has to be also used for activities in parts where there may be no financial support available.

Hence even though there are substantial contributions and donations coming in to the revenue stream this is not enough to support the entire activity by Yuva Prerana Pratishthan .

LEARNING AT YUVA PRERNA PRATISHTHAN.  By working here at yuva prerna pratishthan I got to know about child rights in todays world  During volunteering time I learned about various people coming from various social classes and their problems.  During this period I got to learn about the education need to the backward classes in the society and community  During this period I got to know, how important it is for an NGO to be financially stable.  During this period I learned how effective marketing is essential for an NGO to be visible in the society for the support.

Suggestions and recommendations

The government has introduced several rules for corporate as well as individuals to encourage participation in social welfare activities. The government has also introduced tax benefits for donation or contribution to NGOs Example: Tax benefits All donations to the trust are eligible for income tax exemption under section 80 (G) of income tax act. The trust has also secured sanction used section 35 AC of income tax act where 100% deduction is permissible for corporate sector and professionals. We have also sanctioned used FCRA regulation to accept foreign donations. But still the main obstacle faced by NGOs today is lack of adequate finance. The government should introduce laws making it compulsory to either contribute time or financial resources to social activities which will further boost and provide a better platform to these NGOs.

References